Research Note

ESTIMATION OF HETEROSIS IN SOME CROSSES

OF JUTE
Muhammad Javed Yusuf* and M.KausarNawaz Shah**

ABSTRACT
Six F1 crosses derived from 4 x 4 diallel excluding reciprocals involving C. olitorius, FS3,
Golden and PAR078 were analysed during 1988-89 at Jute Section, AARI, Faisalabad
for hybrid vigour over the mid and better parents . Heterosis over mid parent ranged
from -20 to -16 .04 percent for plant height, -21 .88 to 31 .25 percent for stem base
diameter and -8 .27 to 22 .49 percent for fibre yield. In plant height cross FS3 x C .
olitorius gave maximum heterotic effect (15 .67%) over better parent . Crosses FS3 x C.
olitorius, PAR078 x Golden, PAR078 x FS3 and PAR078 x C. olitorius showed
positive significant heterosis for stem base diameter whereas two crosses PAR078 x
FS3 and PAR078 x C. olitorius gave significant heterobeltiosis for fibre yield .

KEYWORDS : Corehorus olitorius; hybrid vigour; agronomic characters ; Pakistan .

INTRODUCTION

Heterosis has extensively been explored and utilized for boosting various
agronomic traits in different crops. Pal and Sikka (6) reported that
heterosis is a quick, cheap and easy method in increasing crop production.
It is also a simple technique to evaluate prepotency of crosses for breeding
programme . Hybridization was first used for the improvement of jute in the
sub-continent in 1910 (7) . Systematic attempts for hybridization were not
undertaken until 1917 (7). Since then many workers have used this
technique for jute breeding.

Joseph and Bose (4) assessed hybrids from crosses between varieties of C
olitorius and C. capsularis for fibre yield, quality and four yield components.
Rakshit (8) in 9 x 9 diallel reported heterosis in all crosses for fibre yield.
Samsal (9) found that heterosis was more within C. capsularis than C.
olito.rius and hybrids of sweet x bitter varieties gave more heterosis than

*Assistant Research Officer, Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, **Assistant Botanist, Jute
Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad.

J. Agric. Res., 1995, 33(1)

88 M.J. Yusufand M.KN.Shah

Table
those of sweet x sweet or bitter x sweet. Dastidar and Das (2) found that the
Crosses
degree and direction of heterosis varied for different characters and
crosses . Mondal et al. (5) reported significant heterosis for fibre yield, plant
height and stem base diameter over better parent for all three characters.
Banner Jee and Rakshit (1) also reported heterosis for plant height, base
FS3 x C
diameter, fibre yield and maturity . It was, therefore, considered worthwhile
PARO
to estimate the heterotic effects in different crosses for agronomic traits .
PARO
PARO'
MATERIALS AND METHODS FS3 x
Golden
Four jute varieties (PAR078, FS3, Golden and C. olitorius) were crossed in
diallel fashion. Six Fi's were sown in RCBD replicated thrice. Plot consisted
of two rows of four meter length with inter-row distance of 40 cm. The trial LSD at
was conducted at research area of Jute Section, Ayub Agricultural Research LSD at,
Institute, Faisalabad during 1988-89. Ten plants selected randomly from *P<_ 0.
each plot were harvested and data on plant height, stem base diameter and **P<0
fibre yield were recorded . NS=N

Six Fi's alongwith four parents were analysed to determine the nature of All c
differences using analysis of variance techniques given by Steel and Torrie pare
(10). Heterotic effects over mid and better parents were determined . The as a±
significance of heterosis was worked out according to Hussain and Aslam expl
(3). (18 .:
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The data (table) indicated heterosis in most _of the crosses for almost all
traits. With respect to plant height, maximum heterosis over mid parent was
shown by FS3 x C. olitorius (16.04%) followed by PAR078 x FS3 (2.71%) .
Whereas C. olitorius x FS3 (15 .67%) gave positive -increase over better 2.
parent . Positive heterosis over mid parent for stem base diameter ranged
from 20.88 percent (PAR078 x C. olitorius) to 31 .25 percent (FS3 x C. 3.
olitorius). Crosses FS3 x C. olitorius (20.78%) followed by PAR078 x FS3
(19.90%), PAR078 x Golden (11.17%) and PAR078 x C. olitorius (6.80%) 4.
showed heterosis over their respective better parent.

Maximum heterosis over mid parent for fibre yield was observed in FS3 x C. 5.
olitorius (6.69%) followed by PAR078 x C. olitorius (5.80%). Heterotic
effects over better parent ranged form -18.53 to 18.52 percent. Higher
heterosis over better parent for fibre yield was exhibited by PAR078 x FS3 6.
(18.52%) followed by PAR078 x C. olitorius (3.76%).

J. Agric. Res., 1995,33(l)

Table. Heterosis (%) over mid/better parents in some crosses of jute.
Crosses Plant height Stem base diameter Fibre yield

Mid Better Mid Better Mid Better

parent parent parent parent parent parent

FS3 x C, olitorius 16.04** 15 .67** 31 .25** 20.78** 6.69** 1 .02NS

PAR078 x Golden -7.12** -16.81*' 24 .46'* 11 .18** -7.65** -16.21**
PAR078 x FS3 2.71** -1 .16* 23 .50** 19.90** . 22.49** 1852**
PAR078 x C. olitorius -6.34** -10.14** 20 .88** 6.80** 5.80** 3.76**
FS3 x Golden -15.54** -21.63** -7.30** -14Sl** 7.71** -1853**
Golden x C. olitorius -20.00** -2555'* -21 .88** -22.84** -8.27** -14.72**
F1+P Fl+MP Fl+P Fl+MP Fl+P Fl+MP
LSD at 5% 0.4785 0.8766 0.4074 0.3552 4 .0652 3.442
LSD at 1% 0.6554 1.19 0.5581 0.483 5.5687 4 .678
*P :50.05
**P50.01 f
NS = Non-significant.

All crosses involving PAR078 showed positive mid parent and better
parent heterosis for stem base diameter and fibre yield. Thus, it appeared
as a good combiner for these traits. Cross PAR078 x FS3 could be
exploited as a hybrid jute variety amongst all crosses because it gave higher
(18.52%) heterotic effect for fibre yield over better parent.

REFERENCES
1. Banner Jee and R.C.Rakshit. 1970. Use of male sterility in the
production of heterotic hybrid of jute. Indian J. Agri. Sci. 40:691-
696.
2. Dastidar, KKG. and P.KDas. 1982. Combining ability and
heterosis in white jute. Indian J. Genet. Pl. Br. 42(1):28-31 .
3. Hussain, S.A . and M.Aslam . 1975. Study of heterosis in some
interaspecific crosses ofwheat. Pak. J. Bot. 7(2):119-126.
4. Joseph, J. and S.Bose. 1977. Evaluation of some intervarietal hybrids
of C. capsularis and C. olitorius. Fd- Fmg. Agric. 9:82-83. (P1.Br.
Abst. 1980.50(4):3124) .
5. Mondal, A .B., T.G.Chaudhury and T.Dasgupta. 1986. Combining
ability and heterosis of selected leaf mutants in jute. Philippine
Agriculturist . 69(1):107-111 .
6. Pal, B.P. and S.M.Sikka . 1956. Exploitation of hybrid vigour in the
improvement of crop plants, fruits and vegetables . Indian J. Genet.
Pl. Br. 16(2):95-193 .

L Agric. Res., 1994 33(1) i

90 M.J. Yusuf and M.KN.Shah

7. Poehlman, J.M. and D.Borthakur . 1969. Breeding Asian Field

Crops. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, Bombay,
Calcutta. Pp.279.
8. Rakshit, S.C. 1977. Induced variations of jute. Proc. 3rd Int Cong.
SABRAO. Pl. Br. Papers : 2.10 . Breeding fibre crops. Canberra,
Australia . p.12-16 .
9. Sasmal, B. 1978. Studies on heterosis in C. capsularis and C. olitorius .
Genetica Polonica. 19:183-192.
10. Steel, R.G.D. and J.H.Torrie . 1960. Principles and Procedures of
Statistics . McGraw Hill. Inc., New York, Toronto, London. Pp. 197.

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J. Agric. Res., 1994 33(1)