Turnitin Originality Report M.Sc.

Synopsis by Nasir Mahmood From Quick Submit (Quick Submit)

Processed on 03-Jun-2011 12:36 PKT ID: 190205289 Word Count: 1681

Similarity Index 29% Similarity by Source Internet Sources: 7% Publications: 0% Student Papers: 23%

sources: 1
13% match (student papers from 03/28/11) Submitted to Regis University on 2011-03-28

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10% match (student papers from 05/09/10) Submitted to Asian Institute of Technology on 2010-05-09

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6% match (Internet from 11/17/09) http://www.globdev.org/dev/files/28-Paper-Dey-How%20Can%20ICTs%20be %20used-Revised.pdf

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< 1% match (Internet from 9/27/08) http://ifama.org/tamu/iama/conferences/2007Conference/SymposiumPapers_files/10 84_Paper.pdf

paper text:
INTRODUCTION In developing countries, information and communication technology is rapidly consulting with international trade and global communication network providing much more benefits to rural farmers. Despite this there is a poor evidence of effects of information and communication technology on rural farmers who are weak with respect to economic and social livelihoods .The hurdles of present information and communication systems on poor men and women and their relation with ICTs are poor understood with respect to livelihoods. Information and communication technology plays an important role for giving news way for

communicating which give strength or replace the present information system and networks. There is a need to make sure that information and communication technology play its expected role in that places where ICT perform its duty honestly and where not. The research investigates from rural farmers about the use and appropriation of information needs of rural farmers by using different ICT tools and their application and observe that 3how and to what extent those needs can

be meet .It has been described that through the use of information and
communication technology farmers get informations on inputs, output prices and weather condition. If farmers get enabled to improve their income through production and reducing their production cost, then it under stand that informations given to farmers are relevant. This is also very important to observe that those informations which are generated from ICT, whether farmers get the information easy or not? If largest beneficiaries are achieved then I understand that this research is successful. Roa 2007 said that information and communication technology can improve the agriculture production by providing the knowledge management facility. Now it is a best opportunity for farmers to increase their 1productivity and generate more

income by using new technologies including new varieties, adding value and marketing there products. If farmers get informations from communication network at proper time, then it is very helpful for farmers by taking 1decisions about what crops to plant and where sell their products and buy inputs.
Cheryll and Soriano 2007 said that in agriculture production, the adoption of modern industries inputs is due to information and communication network infrastructure. ICT play a significant and positive role for increasing the output and productivity. While radio programs of agriculture also improve the agriculture skills of the farmers whose listen the agriculture program. But research also found that the negative impact of information and communication if it is 1not well planned and implemented. ICT

can show the results in the form of marginalization of economically disadvantages groups in developing countries and even in developed countries. Reason 1is that different information sources and different communication method are accepted differently by rural farmers. Policies 1and infrastructural issues also play an important role in the adoption of ICT by gender and rural farmers. The issue is that for rural farmers 1when, where, how and which ICT should be used for rural farmers to market information access. 2In the economy of Pakistan agriculture is the main sector which provides sources of 2employment to the rural people but still agriculture sector is under pressure to grow more food for the increasing population,

consumer prosperity and decreasing land resources. Agriculture production in the previous years has been increased mainly through improvement in2yield by increasing the agriculture area under cultivation, hybrid seed and applying fertilizers and water resources for plant growth. For the increasing of productivity of agriculture sector, 2information and communication technology is very important. This 2research study discusses about progressive farmers of Narowal region of Punjab province, who are using latest tools related to information and communication technology in their daily agriculture practices.2Concept of knowledge intensive management is the suitable solution in 2order to increase the agriculture production. Information and communication technology is the 2most effective way to transfer knowledge intensive management in agriculture because it is information
based and dynamic. But unfortunately farmers do not have technical knowledge how ICT tools should be use. For many purposes, such as extending rural markets, preserving the environment, increasing life quality, empowering the rural poor and increasing of rural decision power, this is all due to of ICT. ICT is also very important in several issues including research, 2 education, management, extension, social development and control of organization gender equality, hygiene and environment. 3As ICT started to spread in many developing countries the application of information and communication technology began to attract the attention of policy makers and researchers. Many researchers found that information and communication technology could play an important role in the development of agriculture. James 2004 described that community radio and rural telephone started 3in India and Sri Lanka have access a positive response from farmer

communities.3Lio and liu 2006 determine that a microwave- radio telephone system introduce in the region of Columbia- Tumaca including with community access points resulted in better trade and market opportunities. OBJECTIVES To 3identifying agricultural information needs of the rural farmers: How the use of ICT has helped in overcoming the 3problems faced by the rural farmers with regard to production and marketing of agricultural commodities? 2To identify the factors inhibiting the adoption of Information Communication Technology in agriculture sector. To provide suggestion based on 2the findings of the study. REVIEW OF LITERATURE In the period of competition agriculture extension
has been considered as an essential component for transfering of information to the rural farmers as a result productivity of crops increased (Jones, 1997). Njoku and

Ndeche (1999) describe that rural development and agriculture can bring a big change by avoiding the old techniques of agriculture and adopting new methods that based on science including best culturing practices using new varities of seeds and good breeds of livestock, but all this can be obtained by using proper data collection and information technology.. Kiplang (1999) indicate that rural farmers can adopt the new agriculture inputs techniques and can obtained better production from agriculture crops if related and better informations are given to farmers. Hower there was no effective system of transferring of information technology to rural farmers. Munyua (2000) describes that if best opportunities are given to rural farmers to express their views and ideas, they can share there their problems, then better production of yield cane be obtained by solving their problems, New ICT and traditional media play an important role for spreading of information to the rural farmers. Van Crowder (2000) also describes that availabalities of rural farmers can be increased by providing them informations to obtained good production and increase the capacity of rural farmers to grow more food crops. Chowdhury ( 2001) indicates that information and communication technology play an excellent role for saving of food by using related policies and knowledge for increasing the market profit. Norad (2002) ICT is a collection of software and hardware that is used for preparation, production, storing, and shifting of data through television, radio, and computer. Dao (2004) Describes that the greater effect of lack of information and related knowledge on agriculture productivity and bargaining power of rural farmers. Kizilaslan (2006) indicates that for the reduction of poverty, deprivation and for increasing of agriculture production, proper spreading of information and communication technique is considered an important tool. Information and communication technology provide greater opportunities to the farmers to increase their income. Lio and Liu (2006) found that there is a close relationship 3between

the use of ICT and farmers agriculture activity. They also consider that the use of ICT can also increase bargaining power of farmers. They also consider
that, if proper use of ICT is available to small farmers then these farmers can compete with big farmers. Small farmers without knowledge and information, can not grow more beneficial crops. Jensen (2007) indicates that the use of mobile phone is directly related to the decreasing of prices according to the law of one price. Mukhebi (2007) describes that farmers has been reached to market due to greater role of information and communication technology. If informations are not available to farmers, then there is a great loss to farmers to market access, particularly to those farmers whose are small holder. Cieslikowsk (2009) Describes the comparision

between internet and mobile phone. The research found that mobile phones are used ten time more than internet. Farrell and Isaacs (2009) indicate that more use of ICT in those countries like 1Egypt, South Africa and Botswana leading in the

use of ICT. In advanced countries, 165% of their population covered by mobile telephone. These countries also use of television and radio for the agriculture programs. Data collection is analyze by 4using the Statistical technique for Social Sciences and Microsoft. MATERIALS AND METHODES A complete review of related literature and skilled opinion will be found 2for framing the research methodology of present study. In order to assemble the objectives, a self structured questionnaire will be prepared to extract the information from the respondents on various aspects. Efforts will be made to make the questionnaire free from error and making it relevant and purposeful. Primary data will be collected from two tehsils; Shakargarh and Narowal and 20 villages at union council level, 1From the 20 villages, 120 farmers (each having at least one type of ICT) will be selected randomly for interviews. The number of respondents per tehsils will be 60. In addition, there will be 1consultative meeting with regional and district officials, policy makers, NGOs, key informants. Data collection would include the 1type of ICT owned by the farmer, production levels, prices ,sources of market information, distance to the market, cost of getting market information, wealth of the households (asset ownership and incomes), family size, type of crop marketed, new crops adopted, and cost related to ICT use. Interviews will be conducted using structured questionnaires (for households), semi-structured questionnaires and checklists (for focus group discussions and key informant interviews). Data will be analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel.1A regression analysis will be run to determine the factors affecting
the use of ICT in agriculture sectors. A.G, Mwakaje (2010) also used this technique on similar analysis in case of Tanzania. 1 3 4 5 6