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Crude petroleum, and the refined products made from crude oil, are
normally measured either by volume in gallons and US barrels, or by weight
in tons or tonnes. The relationship between volume and weight is usually
measured by density in the United Kingdom (the alternative measure is
relative density or specific gravity). American oilmen usually reckon
quantities of oil produced, moved or processed in barrels per day (bpd
or b/d). The loose but simple rule of thumb for conversion is that a barrel
a day is roughly 50 tonnes a year, but the relationship varies according
to density and so according to product.
CONVERSION FACTORS FOR OIL
----------------------------------------------------------------At 86F (30C)
----------- Approximation ------------------Liters
Liters
A.Gallons A.Barrels
Product
per
per
per
per
E.Ton
M.Ton
M.Ton
M.Ton
----------------------------------------------------------------L.P.G
1,864
1,835
484.6
11.54
JP.4
1,355
1,333
352.4
8.39
Jet A-1
1,274
1,254
331.2
7.89
Premium
1,375
1,353
357.5
8.51
Regular
1,440
1,418
374.5
8.92
Kerosene
1,293
1,273
336.2
8.00
Gas Oil
1,197
1,177
311.2
7.41
Diesel Fuel
1,177
1,159
306.1
7.29
Fuel oil 80 CST 1,082
1,065
281.2
6.70
Fuel oil 180 CST 1,067
1,050
277.4
6.60
Fuel oil 230 CST 1,064
1,047
276.6
6.59
Fuel oil 280 CST 1,061
1,044
275.9
6.57
Bitumen
994
979
258.5
6.15
----------------------------------------------------------------1 MMSCF of natural gas
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
=
=
million cu.ft. of natural gas =
=
std.cu.feet of natural gas
=
m.ton of coal
=
m.ton of lignite
=
ltr of fuel oil 1500 sec
=
kg of LPG
=
normal cu.m. per day (Nm3/d) =
[flow rate of gas]
ton of LNG
=
(LNG conversions)
=
5,487 cubic feet of natural gas per one barrel of crude oil. This ratio is
based on the actual average equivalent energy content of TOTAL's natural gas
reserves.
1 barrel of crude oil per day = appr. 50 tons of crude oil per year
1 ton of crude oil
= 1 metric ton of crude oil
= appr. 7.3 barrels of crude oil (assuming
a specific gravity of 33 API)
= 6.6-8.0 bbl. of crude oil with 7.333 bbl.
taken as average
= 1.16 kl. of crude oil (average)
1 ton of oil equivalent
= appr. 1,125 cubic meters of natural gas
MMSCF
CST
A.
E.
1 American gallon
1 Imperial gallon
1 liter
1 kiloliter
1 gross ton
(shipping)
1 cubic meter
WEIGHT 1 oz.
1 lb.
1 kg.
1 cwt
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
158.984 liters
42 American (US) gallons
34.9726 Imperial (UK) gallons
5.6146 cubic feet
0.15899 cubic metre
3.78541 cubic decimeters (dm3)
0.136 tonne (approx)
231 cubic inches
0.133681 cubic foot
3.7854 liters
0.0238095 American barrel
0.83268 Imperial gallon
0.0037854 cubic meter
277.42 cubic inches
1.20094 American gallons
4.54609 liters
0.028594 American barrel
0.160544 cubic foot
0.004561 cubic meter
1,000 cubic centimeters
1 cubic decimeter (dm3)
0.035314 cubic foot
61.024 cubic inches
1.7597 pints
0.219969 Imperial gallon
0.26417 American gallon
1,000 cubic decimeters (dm3)
6.28981 American barrels
100 cubic feet or 2.83 cubic metres of
permanently enclosed space
35.315 cubic feet
219.97 Imperial gallons
1,000 liters
6.2898 American barrels
264.17 American gallons
28.35 grams
0.453592 kilograms
0.009 cwt.
2.20462 lb.
0.01 quintal
112 lb.
50.802 kg.
1 metric ton
1
1
*
PRICE
1
1
=
=
=
1 PS (Pferdestaerke)
=
or CV (Cheval Vapeur) =
=
1 kW (Kilowatt)
=
=
=
=
1 foot pound per second =
=
second
Vapeur)
second
second
1000 Btu
100,000 Btu
1 calorie (dieticians')
1 Therm
1000 kilocalories
(Large Calories)
1 kilowatt hour
LIQUEFIED METHANE
1 Ton of Liquefied
Methane
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.00184 PS or CV
0.293 kWh
1 therm
4.1855 kilojoules
100,000 Btu (British Thermal Units)
25,200 kilocalories
25.2 thermies
29.3 kilowatt hours
3,968 Btu
1.163 kilowatt hours
1 thermie
3,411 Btu
1.340 hp hours
859.6 kilocalories
= approximately 16 barrels
= approximately 50,000 cubic feet
(1400 cubic meters) of natural gas,
depending on methane content
PRESSURE
1 Bar
1 kg force/sq cm
1 pound/sq inch
HEAT AND ENERGY
1 megajoule
1
1
1
1
1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
terajoule
=
kilocalorie
=
=
=
kilowatt hour
=
=
million Btu
=
=
=
ton of oil equivalent =
(toe)
=
=
=
0.987
750.1
14.50
1.020
14.22
0.070
atmospheres
mm Hg
pound/sq inch
kg force/sq cm
pounds/sq inch
kg force/sq inch
238.8 kilocalories
947.8 British Thermal Units
0.278 kilowatt hours
0.00002388 Mtoe
3.968 Btu
4186 joules
1.163 x 10-3 kWh
859.8 kilocalories
3412 Btu
1055 megajoule
2520 megacalories
293.1 kilowatt hours
10000000 kilocalories
41.868 gigajoules
40.047 x 106 BTU
42.244 GJ
1
0.14
0.21
5.8
7.41
1
1.57
43.0
4.71
0.64
1
27.3
0.17
0.02
0.04
1
----------------------------------------------------------------Based on these qualities, the following equivalent rates of
consumption can be used with reasonable accuracy:
----------------------------------------------------------------LNG
NG
OIL
OIL
COAL
t/y
106 mmcF/d toe/y
boe/y
tce/y
109 Nm3/y
----------------------------------------------------------------1
1.41
1.22
25
1.9
0.71
1
0.87
18
39
0.82
1.15
1
20
1.55
0.04
0.056
0.049
1
0.076
0.53
0.74
0.64
13
1
----------------------------------------------------------------CALORIFIC VALUE
1 magajoule/cu m
= 25.84 Btu/cu ft
4,400
7,310
6,200
9,000
12,100
13,000
14,500
18,500
19,500
==============================================================================
NATURAL GAS AND OTHER ENERGY EQUIVALENTS
The following are quick-reference equivalents. All figures are APROXIMATE
VALUES only for use where precision is not required. They are based on:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
m3 = kilolitre
LPG & Ethane: Weight, Volume, Heat Conversions
------------------------------------------------------------------------------Barrels Per Tonne
Ethane
Propane
n-Butane
C3/C4 mix
Pressured
17.6
12.4
10.8
11.6
Refrigerated
11.5
10.8
10.4
10.6
Cubic Metres Per Tonne
Ethane
Pressured
2.80
Refrigerated
1.83
Propane
1.97
1.72
n-Butane
1.71
1.66
C3/C4 mix
1.84
1.69
Ethane
2.79
4.27
Propane
3.85
4.41
n-Butane
4.35
4.49
C3/C4 mix
4.10
4.45
Propane
24.2
27.7
n-Butane
27.4
28.3
C3/C4 mix
25.8
28.0
Propane
47.7
n-Butane
46.9
C3/C4 mix
47.3
n-Butane
33.8
35.0
C3/C4 mix
31.6
34.4
Ethane
49.2