Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
density
kernel function
smoothing length
Advantage
High Rendering Quality
Drawback
Currently no interactive rendering possible
Advantage
Interactive rendering possible
Drawback
Accuracy limited by GPU memory Leads to undersampling with large data sets
Perspective Grid
Regular grid fixed to the view volume
Advantages
High Rendering Quality
Perspective Grid
Mapping Functions
, respectively
Grid Resolution
k, l: given by viewport m: derived by :
Aliasing
Observations
Adaptive sampling leads to
Undersampling far away form the camera
Extreme case: Particles are entirely missed Aliasing artifacts
Solution
Multi-resolution hierarchy
Benefit
Less particles needed for rendering
Performance gain
Fraedrich09: Fraedrich, Schneider, Westermann, Exploring the Millennium Run... Desbrun99: Desbrun, Cani, Space-time adaptive simulation of highly deformable substances. Hong08: Hong, House, Keyser, Adaptive Particles for incompressible fluid dynamics Efficient Hiqh Quality Volume Rendering of SPH Data
Rendering
1. Octree traversal (CPU)
View frustum culling
LOD selection
Resampling (GPU)
For each slice covered by a particle determine:
Circular cross-section with particle sphere
Gradient Computations
For local illumination effects Central differences Additional samples at the borders required x and y components straightforward
Gradient Computations
Grid Partitioning
Perspective grid too large for texture memory
Occlusion Culling
Opacity map generated after n slabs Boolean mipmap encodes opaque areas
Considers non-power-of-two resolutions
Resampling skipped for nodes and particles overlapping only opaque areas
Mip level selection:
width of bounding circle < width of texel
Results
Datasets
3 fluid dynamics, 3 astrophysics
Machine
2.4 GHz Core 2 Duo CPU NVIDIA GTX 280 GPU (1024 MB)
Grid resolution
Resampling
Rendering
Total
computer graphics & visualization
512 x 364 6 43 49 1024 xHiqh Quality Volume Rendering of SPH Data 114 38 76 Efficient 728
Grid resolution
Resampling
Rendering
Total
computer graphics & visualization
512 x 544 87 65 152 1024 x 1088 549 127 Efficient Hiqh Quality Volume Rendering of SPH Data 676
Grid resolution
Resampling
Rendering
Total
computer graphics & visualization
512 x 664 135 79 214 1024 x 1328 804 178 Efficient Hiqh Quality Volume Rendering of SPH Data 982
Grid resolution
Resampling
Rendering
Total
computer graphics & visualization
512 x 292 642 40 682 1024 xHiqh Quality Volume Rendering of SPH Data1573 1492 81 Efficient 584
Grid resolution
Resampling
Rendering
Total
computer graphics & visualization
512 x 396 1560 49 1609 1024 xHiqh Quality Volume Rendering of SPH Data4674 4574 100 Efficient 792
Grid resolution
Resampling
Rendering
Total
computer graphics & visualization
512 x 480 2267 83 2350 1024 xHiqh Quality Volume Rendering of SPH Data7933 7771 162 Efficient 960
Speedup
1x
4.2x
10x
Technique Performance
Technique Performance
Conclusion
Benefits
Suitable for large, high detail SPH data sets
Drawbacks
Secondary effects not possible
View volume discretization, optimized for primary rays
Future Work
Curvature based smoothing to improve iso-surface appearance
Questions?