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3G Introduction:The birth of mobile communication took place in the early 1970s, which brought about revolution in the process of communication. In the present day, the entire world has become a small place where in we could connect to people anywhere on the globe with a comfortable handy mobile evolution of communication through mobile can be classified communication, technology supported just voice calls for which the method of analogue communication was used for mobile communication which provided voice calls, text messages when certain technologies like general packet radio service increased the data rates, the evolution of global system for mobile communication (GSM) has increased the easy accessing of data along with some multimedia applications at a lesser price. Due to the availability of many new technologies in the market, the usage of mobile communication has increased rapidly in the previous decade. Coming to the third generation (3G), the chief application of 3G system is providing the consumers with video and multimedia services. There might be a constant increase in the date rates and decrease in the quality of service. Solution to this is to formulate a proper structure for improving the network. The data rates for 3G system are higher when compared to 2G and this can be stabilised by using a 3G partnership project from Europe i.e. universal mobile telecommunication system, where the date processing is done with the help of Code Division Multiple Access.

Problem and statement: Joseph et al (2009) and Jaroslar & Pavel (2005) suggested that in the present day scenario, many problems are being faced by

the 3G network like coverage, capacity , etc. because of the migration of consumers from 2G to 3G. The usage of UMTS network has no certainty because of lack of constant capacity and coverage in them, which played a major role in formulating 3G network.

Aim and Objectives: Important aspect of concern for 3G network is to satisfy the service. It can be done by proper formulation of 3G network, which can be achieved by using simulation approach. If any changes had to be made to the existing network, it is very expensive and a minor error incurs great loss simulation helps in making the work easier and kink of uncertainties in the network are removed. Methodology and Outcomes: In designing, planning and monitoring the 3G mobile communication network and it works through OPNET simulator Daniel and Dake (2005) suggested that this simulation process helps in using the technology under various conditions and dynamics of time and space. The distribution of traffic and networks performance can be verified at any point of time. It helps researchers in designing a new network which can be further tested with fresh (or) different rules of format and rules specifying the solution to a problem. For the prediction of performance, simulation is treated as the best choice because the performance of the system can be tested at any and every time using this. Among the various simulation tools like OPNET, NS2 and MATLAB, OPENT acts as accuracy when compared with OPNET. Limitations of this Approach:Gert and Rudolf suggested that: - Accurate figures cannot be obtained through simulation.

-perfect output is not obtained when the system has the process of measuring feedback under time and space dynamics - obtaining accurate results is a time taking process because the analysis has to be done on various parameters. Literature Review:Back ground The wireless communication was found by Guglielmo Marconi in 1985 who first sent a 3 dot Morse code for S alphabet through electromagnetic waves to a distance of 3 kilometres and then on wards, it became the major source of communication which brought about a revolution all over the world. Further developments brought in radio, television and satellite transmission which play a major role in the current scenario. Earlier, the wireless communication had limited resource and it is protected completely. But later, it is privatised for its advancements. Later, it needed key technologies for further development. Many changes took place in all organizations due to this technology. From the very beginning of 20th century, the transmission of voice and music through channels, radio for business communication in Pittsburgh, wireless telegraphy by British military, etc. were developed. Shipping communication is the first client of telegraphy which helped to determine different destination points. This also helped in the global connectivity among all sectors of organizations. Joseph et al (2009) suggested that for this world wide connectivity, any kind of disturbances in the transmission of signals has to be avoided and the usage of spectrum has to be done in safe place. Spectrum Allocation:Electromagnetic spectrum is used for the transmission of signals. Transmission of signals takes place in different frequencies with varying features. While the X rays and gamma rays have greater frequency, radio, infrared and microwaves have lesser frequency. Frequency of visible light ranges

between 2*10*14 and 7.5* 10* 14 H2 UVr, which is different from the frequency of electromagnetic waves which range from 3000 H2 to 300GH2. Though the higher frequency signals travel less distance, it has greater capacity to transmit the data. Joseph et al (2009) and Hoboken suggested that the international telecommunications convention held is 1947 by the international telecommunication union has determined the standards to be followed all over the globe. The regulations were first verified in Berlin International Radiotelegraph conference convened in 1906. The factors influencing the radio spectrum are frequency, geographic location and interference. While the frequencies are of eight categories i.e. from lowest frequency (3 to 30 kh2) to the highest frequency (Range of wireless services:The wireless services are divided into different categories like Broad casting service which divides the spectrum into different frequencies for different services; fixed services which are used in most of the places like airplanes, ships, etc. , voice and data communication service which transmits the data by using short waves and through frequency modulation, satellite service which is mainly used for point t point service. Internet communication and long distance communication is possible through this service varied spectrum allocation can be seen in different countries.

Fangqing et al. (2009) suggested that in the present day scenario, there is a rapid increase in the utilization of wireless goods for the purpose of communication everywhere in the society i.e. small shopping complex to a big airport and at the same time, the usage of wireless LAN [local area network] for the purpose of internet and mobile communication has increased rapidly. The mobile communication generations:-

Mobile communication is divided into various generations where the mobiles used frequency in a particular region for communication process in the very beginning. During this, many problems like sudden end-up of call, over-crowding of call connectivity, etc. occurred, and the frequency used by a particular call could not be used by another call because of this, the total number of calls came down with the small frequency allocated to customers. For this purpose, the concept of frequency reuse is introduced i.e. different cells are able to communicate using the same frequency. First Generation:In this, analogue technologies are used for mobile communication where the voice is encoded and transmitted in the form of analogy signals. The Frequency Division Multiple Access (FBMA) was used by the Advance Mobile Phone System (AMPS) for the purpose of voice transmission is which each cell used separate band for the purpose of incoming and outgoing communication. The total number of channels in this generation is 416 among which 21 are control channels and 395 are voice channels. In this generation, the carriers signals frequency is modified by adding information signal and this process is called frequency modulation. Second Generation:In the late 1980s, the second generation mobile communication came into existence, which introduced superiority in voice communication with high cost of date and greater capacity and they vary from the from the first generation in terms of: # Digital traffic channels where the voice gets encoded in the form of digital signals and then transmitted. # providing clarity in voice # preventing unauthorised access

Joseph et all (2009) and Janna et al. explained that according to this technology, the entire city is divided into small areas called CELLS which have a cell site with antenna and base station. These cell sites are connected to a mobile telephone switching office with the help of a radio system called microwave (or) landline. So, in each cell, these channels can be reused which helps in the coverage of broad range of customers. Third Generation:In this, the communication system has become wireless which provided bade for multimedia, video and voice data processing. IMT.200 has clearly explained the capabilities of 3G network and every user has specific Kbps of service. For example, while travelling in fast moving vehicles, 144 kbps data service is needed while 389 kbps is needed for pedestrians who move in large distances and small distance respectively. Office purpose requires 2 Mbps which helps in the processing of symmetrical and asymmetrical data. The standard 3G to SCDMA is deployed in china. Compared to WCDMA which uses UTRA time division duplexing and frequency division duplexing for uplink and downlink modulation, the CDMA 2000 uses smaller frequency band. The channel capacity can be increased by increasing the bandwidth, with transits the original signal to wideband signal. This process is called as spread spectrum multiple access method, where the ratio between transmitted bandwidth and information bandwidth is called spreading factor. In this mobile communication, a huge number of subscribers are connected with a common channel to transmit and receive information. Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), time Division multiple Access (TDMA) and code Division Multiple access methods. While TDMA method uses varied time slot of frequency to spread the information, FDMA methods uses varied frequencies to spread the information. The CDMA method has different spreading code for users who use the same frequency at a time.

Introduction to OPNET UMTS MODEL:The universal mobile Telecommunication system is one among the 3G technology, which is called as UMTS is Europe and international Mobile Telephony 2000 (IMT-2000) in us and Japan. In this architecture, UTRAN is a vital element which has a base station called Node B and Radio Network controller, which have the ability to manage to functioning of mobiles. The vital aspect of UTRAN is to provide connection between mobiles and beyond hub network. There are more than one RNCs (Radio Access Controllers) in UTRAN which are interconnected in the interface. UTRAN has 2 service planes where the first plane i.e. user plane helps in paging, access, user equipment (UE) signalling and dedicated packet transfer, while the second plane i.e. control plane is needed for Node B setup, channel configuration and measurement report. Node B acts as the base station which conducts certain functions like interleaving, modulation, channel coding and RMM (Radio Resource management operations. The purpose of RRM is to call admission and handover control which is the vital aspect in radio network controller. RRM is interface with Node B through lub interface. User equipment is the only node available in UTRAN which influence the performance of network. In 3G, there is an identity module i.e. USIM which consists the complete details of the subscriber, encryption keys and also withholds authentication information. 3G has another element called mobile equipment in it which helps in making calls this USIM and mobile equipment communicate via Cu interface the UMTs is accessed by the user equipment of UTRAN and it has different levels of mobility like detached, connected and idle. The switching of call is done by core network. Among the various mobile users and public switch telephone network (PSTN), the connectivity is processed by mobile switching centre which is actually a 64kbps telecom switch helping the communication between visitor location registration (VLR) and Home Location Registration (HLR). The connectivity between

mobile network and external data networks like internet/ intranet is provided by the Gateway General Packet Radio service (GGSN). HLR forms the data base providing the entire information about subscriber like related phone numbers, priority of access, security keys, additional features and present status of subscribers location.