ENG3U Exam 2011 Antigone Summary: Polynices and Eteocles both die fighting on opposite sides of Thebes civil

war. Creon, the new ruler, declares that Eteocles will receive a proper burial while Polynices shall not. Antigone decides to rebel against Creon and give her brother a proper burial. Creon gathers his people and tells them how he wishes to be a good ruler etc when the Sentry comes in and tells him someone has buried Polynices. In short, Creon discovers it was Antigone. He sentences Antigone and her sister Ismene to be locked up. Haemon, Antigones fianc and Creons son, tries to convince his father to let her go. At first he flatters Creon but the two argue and Haemon vows to never see his father again. Tierasias, the blind prophet, warns Creon that the gods are with Antigone, and that he will lose a child if he does not bury Polynices. Creon agrees but by this time it is too late; Haemon kills himself, Antigone does too and upon hearing this news Eurydice, Creons wife, also kills herself. Creon is left childless, wifeless and alone. Important Quotations: (Obviously all quotation analyses require more in depth significance) Lines 81-92: I wont insist, no, even if you should have a change of heart And even if I die in the act, that death will be a glory Do as you lie, dishonor the laws the gods hold in honor. Context: Antigone is having a secret discussion with Ismene about burying Polynices. Meaning: I dont care if you dont want to. I want to die in glory. You can go against the gods; I will honor their laws. Significance: Antigones character is revealed here. She is a proud young woman, and says that rebelling against Creon to defend her beliefs might cause her death, but that death would be one faced with glory. She is loyal to the gods and to her religion. Lines 140-146: Zeus hates with a vengeance all bravado Context: After the civil war Meaning: Zeus hates pride Significance: this is foreshadowing/ironic: Creon, in his pride, will go against the gods. Lines 179: Creons Opening Speech Significance: Many lines in Creons opening speech display irony and the development of Creons character. He emphasizes the importance of loyalty, of how proud he was of his soldiers after Oedipus died. He then addresses the newfound powers he has acquired, which foreshadows the worst. Then Creon makes an ironic statement about leadership: you

ENG3U Exam 2011 cannot know a man completely, his character, his principles, sense of judgment, not till hes shown his colors, ruling the people, making laws. The reader does not really know Creon well until he makes these rules and sentences Antigone to death. Creon ends with his aspiration to give the city the best council possible, and always do the best for the state (he ends up turning his back on his own principles) Line 366: Oh its terrible when the one who does the judging judges things all wrong Context: Sentry says this, when Creon threatens him to find the body Meaning/Significance: This is exactly Creons problem. Creon has all the power and uses it in a corrupt fashion. 515-525 Context: Antigone utters this passage when she is brought forth as the accused. Meaning: If she dies before she is meant to, this is good! She cant find happiness in her grief, anyway. Dying at the hands of abuse by Creon is minimal hurt compared to the agony of allowing her brothers body to rot. She insults Creon and this reveals her pride. She accuses him of being stupid if he regards her actions as foolish. 528-535 Context: After Antigones confession Creon diminishes Antigone. Meaning: She is so stubborn that she cracks. Significance: This passage is very ironic. Creon is explaining how the stiffest stubborn wills fall the hardest when he describes Antigone. Actually, he is speaking about himself. Creon also suffers from this tragic flaw, which will lead to his own demise - an excess of pride. 591-593 Context: Antigone agrees to be sent down! Meaning: Creon says that no woman will take power over him. Significance: Creons masculinity, his pride Antigone (a woman, no less!) will not have power over him. Instead maybe it would serve Creon well to shake off his pride and accept true-life lessons from another. 787-803 Context: Haemon trying to convince Creon that his ruling is wrong Meaning: Haemon explains how too rigid branches break, etc. Significance: This is a very important passage in the play. It describes the idea of listening to others and overcoming pride. People who are too stubborn and believe that only they are right will, in the end, come

ENG3U Exam 2011 off worse. One must learn to accept other opinions and be willing to learn. 813 Context: Creons response to Haemon Meaning: Haemon is younger; why should I listen to him? Significance: Creons pride = he cannot listen to someone younger than him, it is shameful. 1218-1221: Context: Tierasias tries to convince Creon to bury the body Meaning: Should I resist now? But this would be ruining my pride Significance: even in the last moment, when he receives news that his son will die if he does not bury the body, Creon sticks to his pride. He cannot surrender for he knows that is killing his pride. Themes/Ideas in Antigone:
Individual vs. State: It is Antigones decision to defy Creons edict, but fate is responsible for many of the most critical and devastating events. Religious Law vs. State Law Antigone and Creon clash in the sense that Antigone is loyal to her religious code (the gods, eg. Burial) but Creon is loyal to the state and what is best for the state Determination/Pride In Antigone, several characters have too much determination (Creon, Antigone). This proves to be less of an asset than a flaw; they are too steeped in their own determination that their rationality and judgment is masked. Power Power corrupts and metaphorically blinds people. The best example is Creon, who ultimately does not make any good decisions because he is so power hungry.

The Crucible http://www.gradesaver.com/the-crucible/study-guide/short-summary/ (Click above for a good summary) For this play, it is important to understand the setting. We are speaking of Salem, a very religious, Catholic town in Massachusetts. Their community is based solely on that - on the idea of community! It is a theocratic society (no separation between Church & State). It is also a

ENG3U Exam 2011 puritan community. The play is essentially about the witch-trials that occurred in Salem in 1692. The play was written in the time of McCarthyism (1950s) where Senator McCarthy issued a similar witch-hunt for communists.

Important Quotations Handout 1. Parris: Now look you, child, your punishment will come in its time. But if you trafficked with spirits in the forest I must know it now, for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it (10). Betty is sick and Parris is trying to find out exactly what Abby did in the forest. Parris is concerned with his reputation. He is in this whole plot for himself, to make sure the Church rules over Salem and that he is in charge of it. Any elements of witchcraft will automatically push him out of the position. Character: his priorities are his reputation and not his daughter In this society, this very strict puritan society, you have to conform to social norms and order, and anyone that is seen as different is a threat. If youre only concerned about your reputation and how others see you and not so concerned with your integrity then that is a dangerous thing; because you are willing to harm other people in order to have a good status. Put the characters under the play who is worried about reputation and integrity and who has integrity? This quotation also shows that there are factions in the community; there are enemies of Parris and the Church. When youre in a close-knit social community (for protection), resentments and enemies are a natural effect. 2. Betty: You drank blood Abby! You didnt tell him that! Abigail: Betty, you never say that again! You will never Betty: You did, you did! You drank a charm to kill John Proctors wife! You drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor! (19) This is essentially the truth of the play. Abigail is conjuring up these witchcraft stories to take her place in the home of John Proctor and kill Elizabeth Proctor. We see here that her intentions are merely also for

ENG3U Exam 2011 herself, and she has no mercy for the lives of others. She is willing to hang others for her benefit. This also shows her true colours, because just before she was a concerned cousin but now she is a mean, vicious etc. This quotation sets up a lot of Abigails motivation. If her uncle found out that she drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor she will definitely be accused of witchcraft. So that she wont be blamed she points outwards. We also see that this is her first clue of her motivation: she wants Elizabeth Proctor dead. (that theyve had an affair). She is concerned with her reputation. The quotation also shows her ability to lie: she turns on people, is very manipulative. She will turn on the judge later and threaten him: you think the devil cant have a spirit in you too? She is a conniving little ______

3. Abigail: Let either of you breathe a word.and you know I can do it (20) Abigail knows how to manipulate her little minions. She threatens them, because her reputation is also at stake. If anyone finds out about her endeavors she will be killed. It is important to her that this plot stays secret. Mary Warren is backpedalling and wants to tell what happened but Abigail threatens them with death. Abigail is so powerful and this foreshadows how she will be able to corrupt the whole community. The mob in Caesar was illogical and they kill Cinna the poet (they dont care) all the reason has gone out of the mind. Fear and hysteria can make you act in a way that isnt natural. Abigail creates her own mob by instilling fear in them. We can understand how she got to be so violent etcetera. She goes against, obviously, social norms (because of her affair with John Proctor), which is ironic because Proctor sees through the hypocrisy of the community, which is probably why he liked Abigail (she goes out of norms of society). 4. Rebecca: ...then let us go to God for the cause of it. There is prodigious danger in the seeking of loose spirits. I fear it, I fear it. Let us rather blame ourselves and Putnam: How may we blame ourselves? . Mrs. Putnam: You think it Gods work you should never lose a child, nor grandchild either, and I bury all but one? This quotation happens when the people are discussing whether to bring Rev. Hale. Rebeccas levelheadedness is shown, even before any

ENG3U Exam 2011 accusation of the witch trials. Rebecca suggests that maybe the people of Salem should individually take the blame and figure out their human mistakes you cannot start pointing fingers; there is danger in that. There is no redemption or forgiveness if we cannot recognize our human faults. The quotation also shows Mrs. Putnams motivation for following this ?? of witchcraft. Mrs. Putnam says that God could never have done the work of this! She wants to blame the Devil because her children were all buried except for one. How can she blame herself for this? This reveals the jealousy of Mrs. Putnam for those who have more children. Page 137: Goody Proctor recognizes her own sins; that he wouldnt have had the affair had she not been so cold. This gets Proctor to recognize his nobility and be executed. This actually helps stop the witch trials. As well, Danforth says things are black and white (pride) so John Proctor thinks so as well: yet Elizabeth says to him we all have sins and we are all imperfect and acknowledge that. Andy Dufrene in Shawshank is not responsible for his wifes murder: I could have been a better husband (ultimately thats why she died). He is accounting for his own sins whereas the Putnams and Abigail just point outward and never look into themselves and cannot be redeemed [salvation lies within] Parris: I want a mark of confidence, is all! I am your third preacher in seven years. I do not wish to be put out like the cat You people seem not to comprehend that a minister is the Lords man in the parish.. Context: this is when Rebecca Nurse is saying to send back Rev. Hale. Parris is saying that the role of Preacher is very important. He is the third one in seven years clearly he wants to stay. He feels that the Preacher cannot be undermined God is all. The Preacher can do nothing wrong!!! (This is untrue and very ironic) 5. Putnam: A moment, Mr. Proctor. What lumber is that youre draggin, if I may ask you? Proctor: My lumber Putnam: What anarchy is this? That tract is in my bounds, its in my bounds, Mr. Proctor. (32) There are so many undercover resentments (land, babies) that fuel the witch trials. Someone accuses another of being a witch and then say now I can buy your land. Giles Corey overhears and says to the court that hes doing it for land! Living in this strict social order does provide protection, but also provides no outlet for all these resentments and it fuels the hysteria of the trials.

ENG3U Exam 2011 This is not the only dispute (in quote 5) but it is the one in Act 1 that establishes the disputes. She told me a pig and it died, and now all my pigs died, and so shes a witch! This is an outlet for their angers 6. Proctor: You will not go to court again, Marry Warren. Mary: I must tell you, sir, I will be gone every day now. I am amazed you do not see what weight work we do. Proctor: What work you do! Its strange work for a Christian girl to hang old women! (58) This quote takes place right after the first court session. This relates back to Julius Caesar: in mass they are a lot more powerful, such as Mary with all the girls and their friends. She is standing up to John Proctor, which she never would have done before. She has new power! The witch trial has empowered people who were formally marginalized in society. Tituba, the black slave, had the least amount of power, but she was empowered by naming names. Mary Warrens character: Proctor brings her to court and she tries to say Mary Warrens lying. But then she turns her back on John Proctor by saying, he wants my name! On page 118/119: If my wife hangs, we must go and overthrow the court, Ill murder you. Abigail is complete evil, and the girls that go along with it, and Mary Warren who actually tried to do something good but cant do it. It is so difficult to be an individual against a mass of corrupt people. She cannot withstand the power of the corrupt people (Abby). This quote shows the impossibility of rebelling against an all-powerful force. This is similar to the Winston moment, when the rats are coming he betrays Julia. You have to be extraordinary to rebel against the masses of corrupt people; you need strength of character. Antigone, for example, did rebel (she died). Giles Corey is an example of great strength of character: 135 Elizabeth describes his death: He were not hanged, great stones lay upon his death. More weight, and died. Giles was asked to name names and he wouldnt do it! Its not just if you dont tell us well shoot you: he is actually suffering. He is sacrificing himself for others. He is sticking up for goodness. Contrast Giles Corey with Mary Warren. 7. Proctor: A man will not cast away his good name. You surely know that! (110) This quotation shows Proctors integrity. He doesnt really carea bout his reputation as much. He is admitting to his mistake and forgiving himself.

ENG3U Exam 2011 Started the course with The Unknown Citizen. A name represents your identity and your reputation, and your individuality. Proctor is an individual and the community is trying to conform. The witch trials are an attack on individuality. Martha Corey reads, and Giles doesnt like it: she is accused. If you value your private thoughts and are a thinking person and think critically of what your community is doing you are accused of being a witch. Proctor is saying: no one would just give up a name! Im telling the truth here. 8. Proctor: I say I say God is dead! (119) This is at the end of the play where people are already being hanged. The quote portrays the removal of good from the world. People are going against morals. They are doing all of this in the name of God (the court = the Church) but there is no God in that area. There is a corruption of the Bible. It is ironic that the person who sees through the corruption is accused of being with the Devil. He sees that God is dead morality, logic and compassion are indeed dead! There is no justice, it is gone and therefore he is accused! You can be such a good person and be backed into such a corner and when you say the truth you are accused of being corrupt. When you are a minority of one you are the lunatic. 1984 = Winston: being a lunatic is being a minority of one. Irony of God: people who represent God are not necessarily God-like. If youre saying that you represent God then God is dead. 9. Parris: there is hope, I think for if he bring even one of these to God, that confession surely damns the others in the public eye, and none may doubt more than they are all linked to Hell. This way, unconfessed and claiming innocence, doubts are multiplied, many honest people will weep for them, and our good purpose lost in their tears (128) Context: This is when they are hoping that Proctor will confess. Parris says that there is hope: if he does confess then that will give validation to the Court. The quotations significance: it reveals the corruption of the court. They hysteria continues when people confess to lies. But when people confess it gives strength to the court. If they are hanged unconfessed claiming innocence doubts are multiplied many will cry. This foreshadows what happens when Rebecca Nurse and John Proctor are hanged. When Proctor sacrifices his life he is doing it not knowing what the result will be. He doesnt realize how meaningful an act it is. By

ENG3U Exam 2011 being hanged he stops the witch-hunt quicker. He makes a great sacrifice and is doing it whether he means anything or not, but it is to keep his humanity and integrity. This represents how the town is turning, and Parris knows people do not have the stomach for this anymore. 10. Danforth: While I speak Gods law, I will not crack its voice with whimpering. If retaliation is your fear, know this I should hang ten thousand that dared to rise against the law, and an ocean of salt tears could not melt the resolution of the statutes. (129) Context: Refusal to stop the executions (Parris trying to convince him to wait) He sounds like Creon, Caesar: he feels so proud he is never going to change his mind. He would never have the humility to think about this in a different way. When you have so much power and you dont have compassion and think in this black and white way then there is a danger in your leadership. He is already so far into the evil that he cannot turn around now; it will make the court seem weak. 11. Proctor: I cannot mount the gibbet like a saint. I am a fraud. I am not that man. My honesty is broke, Elizabeth; I am no good man. Nothings spoiled by giving them this lie that were not rotten long before (136). Context: When he and Elizabeth are talking. Elizabeth says I do not make any promises. Significance: Just by lying and doing another sin wont be so bad. But he cant fake it and be a good person! Hes always been on guard for pretense. John is seen at the beginning as someone different (sees the fakery and hypocrisy of his community) and ironically thats why he liked Abigail (stood apart). Yet by having this conversation with Elizabeth, especially when Elizabeth says she has her own sins to count (Im responsible, too) gives him the courage to sacrifice his life for this noble cause. You dont have to be perfect to do a good deed, and in order to have redemption one must do good acts! It doesnt matter if you have sinned already. It is the people who feel like theyve never made a mistake (Danforth etc) thats when people are dangerous. At this point he decides to ask for his life. Winstons mother: holds Winstons sister and knowing that there is no more food she still hugs her even though it seems meaningless. And yet she still holds on to that integrity and humanity by doing that, in the same way that Proctor stands up and is hanged. To confess: Im selling out my friends. If he confesses = Rebecca Nurse is lying. Here

ENG3U Exam 2011 is the Winston moment the rats are in your face, what do you do? Winston & Proctor are different. 12. Proctor: Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? (143) Context: When he signs what they wanted him to sign, but he grabs it back. He wont give them the confession. And they ask why because it is my name. Significance: Proctor ultimately decides to save his integrity. It is more important than his freedom, his reputation and his name. (Unknown Soldier = how name is your identity and individuality against the conformity) And so its also about the legacy that he will leave. How will his sons be able to stand up like men? How will John Proctors name be remembered? He wants it to be remembered in a way that is honest and good so that his sons can honor him. And actually he doesnt know it but his name has been passed on. His legacy is that he stopped the craziness of the witch-hunts. Because of his actions he saved many people. Other Works: name & legacy Antigone dies for her family (familys name) and in 1984 Winston wants to be remembered (his journal) and to have some kind of legacy left over Brutus in the end his name is seen as one of the greatest Romans of them all but he wasnt really doing it for his own personal name but rather for the name of Rome and for the legacy of Rome, what Rome should be! 13. Elizabeth: He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him! (145) Context: As Elizabeth is watching Proctor being taken away and Hale is in hysteria, trying to get him to confess Significance: It shows the forgiveness. John Proctor needed to forgive himself. But when she confesses her own sins that give him the courage to be good and he finds this goodness. On page 144, Proctor says: I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor. Proctor finds his moral center, he knows hes not perfect but it is certainly enough to stand up for his principles. 14. Discuss the significance of the title of the play. Refer to the definitions on a previous handout. Crucible:

ENG3U Exam 2011 1. A container in which metals are subjected to high temperatures The witch-hunts themselves are a crucible; all of this violence and everything is trying to purify the town Everyone, in order to see their true selves, sometimes have to stand up in times of great suffering. This crucible that John Proctor goes through finally purifies him. He starts off as a flawed man who sinned and in the end is purified so much that he stands up for what he believes in and ends the witch trials. 2. A place or situation in which concentrated forces interact to cause or influence change or development All the resentments were bubbling under the surface and erupted int this terrible time 3. A severe test or trial It is a trial for Proctor and he comes through purified

Page 53: Elizabeth Proctor says it: The towns gone wild I think she speaks of Abigail where she walks the crowd parts for Israel 114: hale = system corrupt, society taken way out of proportion, mob mentality. From the beginning eh was logical but now realizes that its gone out of control 118-119: mary warren lying to court about proctor she gives in to fear, she lies because she is under Abigail. At first she was under proctors side but Abigail turns really dramatic so everyone believed her 129 danforth: ocean of salt tears cannot melt. Danforth stubbornness, determination to keep the power willing to kill innocent people in society to remain authoritative figure judge most corrupt character! Resistance to logic (Creon, Caesar) He recognized there was an option 135: Elizabeth telling about Giles Corey he retained his integrity 137: forgive me, forgive me john I never knew such goodness in the world. Says to proctor. Its ironic because John changed but she feels guilty and calls him a good man. First time where Elizabeth and john talk about what happened in their marriage and try to get back to the place they used to be. From her character how good she is because a

ENG3U Exam 2011 good person can look into themselves and see what they did wrong. Puts colour into a black and white society people are not defined by their mistakes. 143: I have given you my soul, leave me my name Keeps his integrity Preservation of his name because it means reputation, family legacies Corruption of the court: they take everything and they want his name also. He believes that it is better to die if proctor signed the doc he would not be worth anything unlike Giles Corey or Martha Corey or Rebecca Nurse. Wants to do this

Ideas for Review Theme ideas and how they connect:

ENG3U Exam 2011 Leaders who abuse their power (How? Why? Outcomes?) Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely Lord Acton Antigone: Creon abuses his power in Antigone. He often disregards the Gods, saying that it doesnt matter if the Gods are not on his side. Creon knows that people must receive proper burial according to the Gods, but dismisses that. He wants to become like a god and achieve immortality. Creon wants to be in control of every situation and this eventually leads to his demise. He is stubborn etcetera. Am I to rule for others or rule for myself? 1984: Big Brother & his Thought Police abuse their power over the people. People who seize power will not relinquish it. The Party also erases history and truth; a definite abuse of their control. All the ways they use to take power and keep in control are the extremes of tyranny. Caesar: He abuses his power when he thinks he is so powerful to overthrow superstition. He also does not free Publius Cimber, which ultimately causes his assassination. He also refers to himself as the Northern Star Caesar has the hubris: I dont have to listen to the soothsayer Calpurnius: Decius reinterprets? The Crucible: The Church abuses its power they use religion to go on this hysteric trial. Abigail also does she abuses her manipulative abilities, innocence and religion to turn against Elizabeth Proctor. Even though Abigail was kind of corrupt before she certainly abuses this power as the head of the girls to the point of killing other people. Danforth: whenever someone has that much power to decide: youre either with us or against us - that power corrupts When he is asked to postpone hangings is no: its exactly like Creon (he will look weak) and like Caesar (Im not going to budge) and this is also his hubris Compare & Contrast: People Sacrificing Themselves for a Cause 1984: Winston & Julia Julia really isnt doing it for a cause but Winston is. Winston is doing it to overthrow the party Antigone:

ENG3U Exam 2011 She wants to bury her brother even though the punishment is death Proctor + Rebecca Nurse, Giles Corey Preserving integrity and truth by being hung instead of lying Brutus: Sacrifices all his private loyalties for the public good of Rome. He does everything that goes against his best friend (Caesar), kills him, and sacrifices himself through patriotism. Antigone dying does change Creon sometimes the act that youre doing may seem meaningless but you do it anyway because thats part of the integrity. Even though one may feel at the time that it is meaningless (John Proctor whats the difference?) we see that there is value in sticking up for ones beliefs (stopped witch trials, Creon etc) but even if it doesnt the inherent value of knowing that you have stuck to your principles prevents you from becoming like Winston who is ultimately the living dead. The fact that he is still alive is meaningless; he is mentally dead. People attempting to hold on to values/inner life This you would want to know examples: Who attempts, who succeeds? Winston does not succeed but does preserve humanity (journal, paperweight, Julia), chocolate = holding for the sake of holding Antigone: holds on to values of religion and values of family honor over life. She talks about why its so important to her in terms of the gods and family. Proctor: Obviously holds on to his integrity that almost made him confess! (I cant be a fake saint!) He felt he had to be a totally flawless person to stand up for his beliefs. This goes with Christian theology: if you sin you should be damned to hell (its all black and white). He overcomes that by sacrificing his life. Brutus: it is his value that Rome should be a Republic! So he holds onto this even though he has this great challenge of not only killing Caesar but of course in the insuring war that he tries to win Fickleness/Easy manipulation of the masses how does this

ENG3U Exam 2011 happen? Why is it dangerous? (Or using fear to manipulate) Antigone: Creon manipulates the crowd in terms of fear. The masses are afraid of Creon. It would be more ruling with fear; using fear as a way to manipulate your people (1984 does, Creon does, in the Crucible the girls are afraid of Abigail) Caesar: Antony understands that passion is catching and that is more important than reason. Once a mob gets going logic and rationality flies out the window Pompey/Caesar they are easily manipulated What are the different ways able to manipulate them! Caesar manipulated also: oh, no, I dont need the crowd. Crucible (language to manipulate) and how is language used to create different realities in the work? So in the Crucible you have the power of these girls words! I saw Goody ___ with the devil, etc. and how they can manipulate the entire town! Language and thought in 1984: they control their whole people, Oceania.. That whole idea of language and thought and how language is so important On the other side: when youre part of the mob and it masses how it happens and why is it dangerous? If you are a people being told how to think, this is very dangerous. If youre in a society that believes that one is with or against as a society you are turned into a mob because individualism is outlawed. Honor, Goodness, Virtuewell Antigone: Gods law is good. honor the gods 1984: Winston defines goodness or virtue as staying human; the private loyalties, seemingly meaningless actions that he admires in his mother is goodness Caesar: Brutus has many ideas about honor but it is because hes nave he is not successful. He feels that everyone is an honorable person. This is ironic because Antony uses that word and twists it in the oration speech. It is honorable to keep Rome as a Republic and not ruled by one person. Crucible: once goodness is ruined you cant get it back. He feels he is not a good enough person to do something so heroic but Elizabeth gets

ENG3U Exam 2011 him out of this. In the end he realizes this and she says, he has his goodness now Loyalty Antigone: Antigone is loyal to her religion and the gods, and her family. She goes against the laws of the land for her own loyalties. The difference between her and Creon is that Creon does not stick to his principles throughout the play whereas Antigone does. And Ismene is loyal to her sister; she doesnt want her sister to die. And Antigone doesnt want Ismene to die so that Antigone can receive the glory. Antigone has people that care about her but that doesnt help her because they dont support their cause. Whereas John Proctor people support his cause and protect him. 1984: Everything that Winston understands is meaningful (loyalty, relationships, humanity) he gives up under the torture. Loyalty, or rather, lack of it, is what essentially prevents Winston from rebelling against the party. The power of the party is so overwhelming that he cant stand up to that. 173: Julia & Winston are talking - its not confessing, its making them say they dont love each other. The one thing that matters is that we shouldnt betray one another Confessing is not betrayal if they could make me stop loving you, which would be betrayal. In the end: Winston totally loves Big Brother (he is the living dead) Caesar: Brutus is loyal to Rome over his private loyalties to his friend. He ends up dying because of his nave idealistic approach of what he is trying to do. (Cassius thought that the enemy was taking his friend Titanius, so Cassius kills himself. And Brutus then kills himself.) The Crucible: Proctor is loyal to whats right. COMPARE & CONTRAST Antigone + Winston: Antigone and Winston both fight for what they believe in and are the minority of one, but Antigone manages to overcome the power of Creon and stay true to her loyalties whereas Winston does not manage to overcome Big Brother and betrays Julia. Antigone + Brutus: Both are loyal to their causes (Antigone = the gods, family and Brutus = Rome). They ultimately both die standing up for what they believe in. However, Antigones actions were sometimes immoral (insulting Creon) whereas Brutus, in his navet, really believed what he was doing was noble.

ENG3U Exam 2011

Antigone + Proctor: Antigone and Proctor both are loyal to their causes but whereas Antigone is a minority of one Proctor has Goody Nurse and Giles Corey. Pride (Good or Bad) Antigone: This fits with leadership. Antigone has a lot of pride when is it good and when is it bad? Antigones pride is good because she buries her brother and it helps her stand up for what she believes in. Antigone, however, insults Creon and goes too far with her pride. She is proud but when it goes to the extreme of anything she doesnt know when to draw the line. 1984: (not really pride) Caesar: Caesar has a lot of pride and he abuses it. But even Cassius: doesnt believe in the stars until later. Its when you think youre better than the gods that your pride gets in the way. The works that weve studied in this ancient Greek time that if you feel the gods have no control and that you can control things over the gods thats hubris. Even the misinterpretation of things (where Cassius thinks his friend is taken by the enemy) youre not in control of your life. Hes misinterpreting whats happening so its fate. Pride is thinking you can control! Crucible: The pride of the courts (Danforth). And Paris is concerned about his reputation and only about what other people think about you that is dangerous. Proctor has good pride, as does Giles Corey & Martha Corey And the whole idea of your name and your reputation (thats a pride thing too) that his name should live on and have meaning.