Use convolution theorem to find the inverse Z-transform of (1) Solutions: 1)

=
    

(2)

(3)

(4)

= = = = = = = = = =  2)
= =
 

 *   







 


 




= = = = 3)
= =

 


= =

= = = =  

= 4)
 

= = = = = = = = = = = 
  

 



 

*  





 

 




 


Inverse Z- Transforms: Method 1: Partial Fraction Method:

When f(z) is a rational function in which the denominator can be factorized, f(z) is resolved into

Partial fractions and then Z-1{f (z)} is derived as the sum of the inverse Z-transforms of the partial fractions.

Solved problems:
1) Find Solution: Let
=

by the partial fraction method.

A=
= 

= 1, B =

= 1, C =

=1

Taking inverse Z-transform on both sides, we get = =

  

2) Find Solution: Let

by the partial fraction method.




(1)

Put z=1, we get 4=A

put z = , we get 1= - C C = -2

Equating the coefficient of on both sides, we get 4 = 4A + 2B B = -6 Using A=4, B= -6 & C= -2 in (1), we get
    

Taking inverse Z-transform on both sides, we get




=  =4

+3

+n



= 4 + (n+3)

3) Find Solution: Let

by the partial fraction method.

    = 

(1)

Put z= -2, we get -2=8A

Equating the coefficient of 0=A+B




A=-

put z=0, we get 0 = 4A+2C

on both sides, we get

C=

Using the value of A, B & C in (1), we get

    


B=

Taking inverse Z-transform on both sides, we get

 





= =

 

 

 

Assignments: Find the inverse Z-transforms of the following functions by the partial fractions method 1) 2) 3) 4)

Method 2: by Cauchys Residue Theorem

= Sum residues of
  

at the isolated singularities.

 if z = a is a simple pole 

To find residue by using the following formula

1) 2)
  

If z = a is a pole of order m.

Solved problems: 1) Find Solution: Let




by using Residue theorem.




 


The singularities of
 

is given by z = a, b which are simple pole.



= =


 

= = 

= Sum residues of =


at the isolated singularities.



2) Find Solution: Let

by using Residue theorem.




The singularities of  is given by  Z= -1 which is simple pole, z = 1 is a pole of order 2. =




By the formula


=




Replace m by 2 & a by 1, we get = = =

   

 
 

If z = a is a pole of order m.

=n = Sum residues of = =
 

at the isolated singularities.

3) Find Solution: Let

by using Residue theorem.




 


The singularities of  is given by  z = 2 which is a pole of order 3. By the formula

  

Replace m by 3 & a by 2, we get

 =      

  


If z = a is a pole of order m.

= 

=  = 

=  =


= Sum residues of = 4) Find Solution: Let




at the isolated singularities.

by using Residue theorem.




 


The singularities of


 which are simple poles.

is given by

=





 

 



= = =
  

=


=

 

= Sum residues of
 =

at the isolated singularities.

   


Assignments: Find the inverse Z-transforms of the following functions by the method of residues

1)

2)

3)

4)

Use Z- Transforms to solve Difference Equations:

           

Solved problems:
1) Use Z-transform to solve Solution: given y0 = y1 = 0.

Taking Z-transform on both sides, we get

Using


  


 7

+ 12

=

where

 

=
 

A=


= , B =


= -1, C =

=

Taking inverse Z-transform on both sides, we get

 

 

=

 

2) Use Z-transform to solve Solution:



given y0 =0 and y1 = 1.

Taking Z-transform on both sides, we get

Using
   

 

   


 5 

+6

=

where

 

A=


, B =

= 

Taking inverse Z-transform on both sides, we get

  

 

= 

3) Solve the difference equation y(n+3)-3 y(n+1)+2 y(n) = 0 given that y(0)=4, y(1)=0 and y(2)=8. Solution: y(n+3)-3 y(n+1)+2 y(n) = 0 Taking Z- transform on both sides, we get Z{y(n+3)}-3Z{ y(n+1)} +2 Z{y(n)} =Z{ 0} =0      3   Using y(0)=4, y(1)=0 and y(2)=8
       

+2

= where

(1)

Put z=1, we get 0 = 3C 4= A+B C=0 B = 4- = Equating the coefficient of

put z=-2, we get 12=9A A= on both sides, we get

Using A= , B= and C=0 in (1), we get

 

 

Taking inverse Z- transform on both sides, we get

   

4) Solve the equation  . Solution: Changing n into (n+2) in the given equation, it becomes  Taking Z-transform on both sides, we get     3   -4 Using  


 

 

given that

 

=0 where

= =2, B =
  

(1)

A=

=1

Using A=2, B=1 in (1), we get

Taking inverse Z-transform on both sides, we get

 5) Solve the equation     

, given that

 

Solution:

Using

 Taking Z-transform on both sides, we get     +4  



 

, we get

+4

=

 




(1)

Consider

(2)

Put z=1, we get 1=9D D= Equating the coefficient of 0=A+C (3)

put z=-2, we get 1= 9B on both sides, we get B=

Equating the coefficient of 0 = B + 3C + D Using C = A= C=

on both sides, we get

in (3), we get

Using the value A, B, C & D in (2), we get



=


Using (4) in (1), we get

 

Taking inverse Z-transform on both sides, we get

  

(4)

  

Assignment: 1) Solve the equation

-  

+ 

+  .

given x0 = x1 = 0.