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ONE DIMENSIONAL MOTION

On the Horizontal Straight Line Path: * Rest and motion are relative. The shortest distance between initial and final positions of a moving particle is its displacement. Displacement is a vector quantity, while distance is a scalar. * A body can have distance without displacement. Ex : When a particle completes one rotation, its distance is *
2 r

and displacement is zero

A particle moves along the circumference of a circle of radius r. If the angle made by the

Speed is defined as the rate of change of distance travelled by a particle with respect to time. It is a scalar.

* *

Total distance travelled Total time taken Average speed =

Displacement in unit time is Velocity. It is a vector quantity

V ds dt

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displacement average velocity V = total time
s v1 s s s...... s s ..... v 2 v3

A body along a straight line, travelled equal displacements with velocities

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instantaneous velocity instantaneous velocity Change in velocity =
u

Note:- Distance is always positive. Displacement may be positive, negative or zero. * Instantaneous velocity: the velocity of a particle at a given instant of time is called the

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* * *

magnitude of change in velocity =

When a body is with a constant velocity v in two directions making an angle velocity = 2V sin (

/2)
dv dt

Rate of change of velocity of a particle with respect to time is acceleration. It is a vector.

Acceleration is caused when there is a change in the Velocity.

ma .i
1, v2 , v3

(a) displacement = 2 r sin

(b) distance travels = r

1
3

Vin

Lt t

0.

s t

2 2 V1 V2 2V1v 2 cos

n
......, then

radius vector at the centre is , then

.....

ds dt
1/ 2

, change in

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* Equations of motion for a particle moving with uniform acceleration along a straight line. a) V = u + at * b) S = ut + 1/2 at2 c) V2 u2 = 2as

S
d)

u v) t 2

Displacement of the particle in the nth second is

Sn

a (2n 1) 2

B. On the Vertical Straight Line Path: * For a particle projected vertically up or falling downwards, if the distance travelled is negligible when compared to the radius of the earth; the acceleration due to gravity at a particular place can be taken constant g is slightly more at the poles of the earth than at the equator. Average value of g near the surface of the earth is 9.8 ms-2 or 32 ft s-2 or 980 cms-2

Acceleration due to gravity is independent of mass. For a particle projected up; g is conventionally taken negative and positive if it is falling. *

If a body is projected vertically up with a velocity u from a tower and it reaches the ground

with a relative nu., the height of the tower is *

A particle projected vertically up from the top of a tower takes t i see to reach the ground. Another particle thrown downwards with the same velocity from the top of the tower takes. t 2 seconds to reach the ground. If the particle is dropped from the top of the tower, time taken is i)

t 1t 2

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t 2u g a

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ii) height of the tower is h =

g iii) Velocity of projection is u = 2 (t1-t2)

A elevator is accelerating upwards with an acceleration a. If a person inside the elevator throws a particle vertically up with a velocity u relative to the elevator, time of flight is

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1 gt t 2 12

ma .i
h u2 2 (n 1) 2g