FuNonnnrNrnls Or WrnrNc BoNsnr

l tT,lt)5t.tte{t}\ | t.ltq \\.

rl

BVTonr Ya acla io nr
l(t\\('T

Wring endBonsai Styling

Nowadays, ls necessary usewire it to of somesortto shapcbcJnsai. you lf wonder how peopleshaped bonsai beforethy be8anto usewire, ask older peoplehow theytrainedbonsai magazines. and study bonsai old You lvill learnthat bonsaiwere shaped primarily pruninB pinching and by the nelv Browlh.In thosedaysthey planted trees contalnrs mainin and tained themfor a lonB iime and used only collected trces thai haddevelopedlikebonsai naturally. Then trained by themfurther pruning and pinching. technique called This was "hachiue" or planting irees and plantsin containers. Theycontrolled the shapeof their trcesby pruning and pinchinS new growth and usd rather deepconlainers. Whenthey

began thinkof harmonizing to trees and containrs,I was after\r,hatwe knownow as theart of bonsai had alreadydcveloped considerably. Howcver,subsequently they became with dissatisfied styling onlv by pruning and thencameto use hemp cord nnd wirc. My father, Kamajiro Yamada, explained the history wirinEbonsai lapanto oi in When my Srandfather was young, around beginning the of the Meiji period {late1860! and 1870's), they usedhemp cord and a special formof hempcallecl "devil's hair". Devil'shair was madeby combinB hemp and removingall the finer hairs the thickhalrsremained. so one wouldsoaklhc devil's hairnnd hold it in one'smouthand then

Selkecn Bonsai Carden in Amiya BonsaiVilale, lapan, the ttudia oi Tomio Yamada. Many famousbonsai nastetpic.cs are.tedled in thc wo*roon in he backqrcund. Often naju bonsai .o|\ec on. are maintained bt, Mr yamadaand his daughb.

roughly shape lrunkand branch thc s pulling themrnd tyingthem\r'ilh thc devilt hairor hcmpcord. Nowadays havcwlre so that iinf,we 1ydetailed shapng of branches can be donewith precision. However, with dev'l'shair the tipsoi branch.. wouldonly be opened flat. Accordinglo my latherand others,I belicvethey beganto usc wire shortlyaflerthe lurn of the 2llrF cenlury. thattime,slncc At copper wasstil consdered valuab thev e, usedonly zinc Salvanlzcd \!irf steel However,if you ,"vanted bend a io branch inch in diameter an lvithzin! galvanized steelwirc it would soon return il5original to shape and ii \orvere luc\ it nould bendhalfan lnch.Thusif you wanted benda io branch inchwith thlswlre yo! an rvould haveto bcnclit an inch and .: half. Thatwasall thatcouldbe done so that thev usedcopperu,ireon[ on thoseplantsrvhichhad real polential. Bonsaiartists reallybeilanto Lril copper wire righlaround endor the Wor d War l, not al thai long ago. My fatherwas one ol the fitst. ln thosedaystherewcr still those $h. sqrled trees only by pruningand pinching.Ho\\,ever, major chan8in,r lhe shapeof treeswas only acco plished atter introduction the the of useof wiring. Using wire enabled to do one precisework and aitcr a treewas

; < < j 2 : i INTERNATIONAL BO\S I 200i/No. .t

fdilo'Js Nore: Tl s Jn .lc has been repr nt.i \vilh pcrmission oiAklri Shimizu, ediloror '\hrue Ard AonsrirShizc.To Sonsai macr zine, published 5rnlushaCompaD Lld b,v Tnerrl clc on $nifg f6r nppcared ihe if November r977 issue hpancr. and ha! in beenrransJrnJid cdiledfo, ou eadc( TomioYamJdJ thc thnd renenr on is propretor ofSeiko-en BonsaCaden n a)miri Bonsaiv lase Japan ToBc6e, with hisiath, hay have.rntd numclolsmrstepi{e bonn: andhale au$orcds.lcra lDkandad'.6

wlth wire lt couldbe sold styled immediaLely. UsinShenrpcord as guy,lo pull branches andthcre here was not only unsightly, mosily it but was tediousand bothersome. Bonsai wereoriginally dcveloped by only pr!ningandpinchinB and somefine bonsaiwere cfeatedin that way. However, one cannotdo satisiyinB work developing bonsai merely pruning by and pinching. only a limitcd numbcl.Jfcollectd trees could be used bonsai for using hempcordlvastheonly tralning trch niqueusedfor shapinS. Thusthe use of wire on collected material significantly increased numberof trees the lf you ccJnsider recordoi the five-needle pine bonsaiit is iapanese 'Miyajima' clearthar grafted the cultivar is older than the comrnoncollected five needlepines. The lapanese pines Mlyajima llvc lapancsc necdle wereall shaped whilc bclngfield 8rown.Theylverc plantcdin thc ground,staked, pulledthis way,bent that way with narrowbranches bracedby bamboo.The collected pines$,ere fjve-needle iapanese trainedaiterwe beganusingwire, in par the late1920's andcariy19301, ticularlythc lattcr At thattimc thc species that flve wcrc wircdincl!dediapanese needlepine, EzoEpruce and Sargents JUnrper Advantages Wiring Of Thegreatest advanta8e usingwire in fof bonsai styling thai it is easy is to createa shapethat appears natural. peoplewho want to Thatis because express theirindividuality and creativity can lo a certaindegree makctrunks and branches appear as theywouldlikethemto by applyinS wire. To pui it anotherlessdesirable way,ii facllitates craiivedeception or manipulation. Forexample, foliage the which spans Srven a areacan Decompresseo to fill a smaller areaby usin8 wire. Heredeception manipulation or may not be the properword, but this is a technique whichthrouSh use its improves appearance a iree. the of The reason that bonsaiis flour ishingnowadays of coursedue to is rhe useof wire. It can also be said thaLthe numberof bonsaihobbyists fact thaL hasincrcased due to Lhe they can styletreesusingwirc, Yet as ihere are disadvantages well as

advantages the development to of techniques usingwiring.Forexample, bonsaihavebeenkil ed by wiring andscars someLimes in the are left barkoftrunksand branches wiring. by Disadvanta8es Wiring Of li one is not sufficiently trained and uses wire to bendtrunks and branches, a personcan overdoit and brcak branches cause or Lhem wither to anddie-On the olherhand,ll one knowswhat onc is doing and has sufticient feel ior ii and applieswire to bendtrunks and branches, they will not break kill branches or and conversely usethistechnique can to createbeautifu bonsai. Thushow oneapplies wire to the treeand the how one usesit is very important. Thcharmthatwiringcando to ireesdepends the varietyof the on trcc. Forexarnple, ls rnoredifiicult it lcrrwire to causescars frorn cutting into the bark of evergreen treeslike pines andjunipers evenif one and doescausesucha scaron theselrees it can be healed overquicky. ln con lrast,thcrc are somcvarictics ol deciduous tfees whichwill never recover tromsucha wiringscar Amongevergreens thosethat quickly rccoverlrom sucnscarlrn8 are pineand five iapanese needle

blackpine.Hemlock a k lapanese spccics lvhich doeseasilyrecover frc'msuchscarring. Because ihe abjlity of treesto recover from wiring 5cars diftersin this way one must learnhow to wire different typesoi treesand distinguish betweenthcm \,vhen applying technique. lhis Onceone learns how to usc wire properlyand is freeto slyle treesas they please thereis some danger theywill overuse that rhis ski I and will createtreesu/ith too manyunnatural curus. Model After NaturalTres Thc mon important thjngio do prior to wirlng is to obserue shapes the and formsof trccsgrowingin nature. Forexample, ifyou lookclosely at the branches single ofa pineyou will note$at the branches and foliagegrow lushlyas the branches grow oui. Theydevelopcurves thal go downwardand upwardas branches to theirweight due tendto grow downwardand then the tips of the branches tend to grow up seek ingthe llBht ofthe sun.Various other movements the branches due of are to othcrnatural conditions suchas wind and snowetc.By observing these,individualdifierences techin niquesof differentpeoplebecome

tndoat tokanoma display at sciko cn Bonsai Gaden featurjnga lapane,e fiw.needle pine Pin!s patujflora, s.rol/ and ac.essory planting.This wry fanous honsai$,as designed by Tomia Yanadaan(l hasbeen carcd bv him fot sewral de.;rdes.

INTERNATONAL NSA ]] BO 2005/Na) 4

Thusthcrcis no valueln jlrn $,lring an.lgiving branches curves becausc scemtmoreifteresting rt or lrecaulesom,aone o )routo wtre Lo Types Wire For BonsaiStyling Of Now.da,vs copper\r,lreand alumjnum wife arethe Inainq?eEoi \\,ircuscdin tfainifBbofsaiand in somccascs venr' aneap commerc a bof!ai steel wire is used. Characteristics SteelWire Of I havenelcr uscdstee w fe and I anr against useoi stee$,ireior bonsa the . Mostcommercial bons.rl solcl .rre wrapped v!ithsteel $ire ard the people rho bu1them.rre ranl amaieu15. $,ireis rigklit Since steei can t bc lemovedso thev eaveit on and ll usuallv cutslntothc barkas thc trccgrows. Stee$,re js inexpen sivcrnclas t is dlfflcult usepeoto plc buy ng the tres have sirange the notlonthat lt is betterto ha\,ethe treealread,v wired.lsuppoEe vo! cansaythatlt is soiLablc a that cheap treebe $lred \ ith cheap re. rv Characteristics Aluminumwire Of Alumifunrtr,rc s csscxpcnsivo thancoppcr rc but it is soitand \\, ilexlbe to beginwlth and is no more rigi.laiierbending worklng and it Thereiore lhanbefore. aluminun-r $, rc can bc uscdcasl\' bv novices $,lthout breakinil scarring or trLrnks and branches. Nofethee!5 t is no help $,hatsoever vou wish to make lf ifee. lt appears be good on v lor to making mifor modliicarions or glving vel'Seneral shrpes lrees. Lo Nowada,!s thcrc sccnrs be a to d vision labor oi whereby aluminum wire is $ide y used urirng for deci.luous trees andcopp-.r wire Characteristics CopperWire Of Undernormal conditions copper wire i5 rlgldbut onceit hasbeen heaLcd anncaccl it soitens and y cofsiderab Thenoncethatportion is beft it retums rheoriginal to rigicl 5tate. Thus, oncethe .opperwlrc js annealed ls ean,to coll aro!ndthc it trunkor branches a tree. oi AiLer thc wire is coiled.foundthetreclt is bent to gile iorm to thc port on of th. tr.c $,h ch is n,recl and hardens ln thatposition. Since $ ill nol it
]2 N I L R N A IO N A L 8 . ) \ S A 200r,rNO I

returnto the shaperl had beibre bcnding ke steel I wire cloes. ho cls it itsshape anrlhence vervsuitable i5 ior usein shaping stfl ng bonsai. and CaugesOi CopperWire Thetvpes wire thata hobbvist oi dnd a prolesslonal should havcon hand dirrer afd you p'obrhl\ \!on t bc ablto Lrse number.land number {r \ire unless volr're proresslofal th a \! cxperience highlr deveop-.dLcch and n ques. gencrally,!ou So shoud probablih.lve n!mber8 through 2l availab Thiscloesnme;rn e. t Lhat \ou havcto haveeveryone ol thenr avalab e but et'ssaf evervothef on-. l o rc x a m p n u b e f 1 0 . n u m b e f l 2 e ctc.\\hef u5ng wife you shoudn't cut shoirpieces keepjt co lecl blrt as is or wrapp-..]llke rope. HowTo AnnealCopperWire Fue ibr anfc.rling copper re, rice \\, ,traw is bcst ior prcvldinga goo.l slead! iirc. Whi c strawby tseli is goodior annealinS number l2 throu8h2-+, thickergauges greater thannurnber requlrc I0 quilca ot ol flcc strawso \\'e Lrse straw the together \r,lrh kindling. Wh-.nannea coppcr ing wirc we p acea steel g.rlvnnized p atc or sl-.el on the grolrnd and lhenon Lop oi thatplaceroled andwadded up newspaper.we areSorng annea I to

heavy gauges placckind ing on we that.lnd thenspread rtra\r, thirt. on Thenwe placecopper\\, re on that afd cov,.r lhalurlthstra\\'or kinclllnB thenlightthe roilecl and nervlaperon rheboLtom the pilr oi !o thatit lgnitcs. li fo! do not \\,antthe heatto escape placea stcclplate thetop of oi all this. i,voudo thisthermal energy cannot escrpc upl,arcls so thatit extends to thc si.les ouL and provldcs goodsteady a burn. lf the amorntoi iue ls lnsuiii cienr)ou ma! replcnlsh Bei.rre it. sla(in8,vou shourl consicler lhe amountof $, re vou $,antto annea you andtheamount fLrel \\'ill neerl of so thatthe \rire be ful y trnnea ed $,hen iife bumsour. the Havethe $, re Lol)e anncacd irr p cois ancl acaan anrouftoi straw s! tablelbr rhis.Do not havcthc $,irea lp l-.cl in onc placeand ii up possible.lo havcthcmoverlap. nol It porsible afnealdiiicrcnt sizes oi Whenthe coppef wire exudes a bl!e ilamethatshoucl bc thc critcrion Howevcrdo not inrmecl v cease ate jng annea as soof asvou spoln l)ilre i.1|ne. Remove wlre $,hcnlt is lh-. competely.lnnealecl lhe \ av 1.) al the tips. For heaq g.ruges tonsc usc to se$hether fie \\'lre bendse,rsl\ anclii it rloes,lt is .lone. Howev,.r,

Sieelor galvanrzed sreelplate

Placecopperwire on top ofthe ricestrawthen igniteihe newspapers the lrottom on

Do not pile up all the copperwire in one locationand if possible not do havethemoverlap. Annealsamesizes wirc atthe sametime. of

be careiu fot to over.loit as the \\'ire \\ i I lose its truc copperpropeF lios.1nd \vlll crunrble brcak it an.l Forhe.r',r'gaugcs, anneals ii it qu ckl!, it \!i I takeiiveor si\ minutes gcnerally I l.ke aboutten bul \\i nrinutcs addfuelirsneedd so unril Ihen. Slrong iiresprov.l.d bv ltas etc.\r,ll burnthe w re fashorttirne .rndit \!il rcnr.tin rigidw thout beingannealcd. \\'ire thath.5 bccnannealed thoud not bc dropped Natcrand in 'uddenlv coo ed. ll is bclter allow to thewire lo graduilv coo naturallvi ir ir coolcdsud.lerrly will have it lhe opposlt0 efiect lhnnwhat)ou rleiire and\!ill inslead hardcn. I f..\\ se do not pl.rcctho wire on , tr,1 spots rocks like ancJltones and .ne.r.lallo\\.it cool graclualh to by r, .rLng it on thc Narmgal!anized .ife P.rleor on the 8ro!n.j. Thetflecl Of AnnealinS Wire ,\ rifg Nork wi Ibe eilher casyor : r t ! t rjepencl on ho\\' ihe \\ire ng . ...rnneaLed. it is be( to anneal So '_ .. re !o thatit is suitnblc the ior '. n\ohe.l.\o\rnclays annealing . I fe eleclr c,rllyis \!ell but this : . ,rotcoJnp clclvinreal thewirc . ...f .rnne.rl onc oretinre il '' tu !5 ns lhc w rc. li you wantto .. {io goo.r\rorK .vou'nusrpav

rareiLlaltention snr.lll to dctals lik lhi!. wire thathasl)een anfealcd, \!hen it is manpulnted ind bent relurnrio ils original rigi.lity,rndthc \lorkers in our bons.l Bnftlenrca l! clslikeit \ hen novi,-cs comein and p av wlth th $ire afd rtepon it. Thc cfie.t oi annealng once .lone$,ill lrst so it'sprol)nb better v to preparein advan.e.whcn storlng \vireone should careful annealed bc nol to bend it an.l il shoud be plnced coilsor w.rDped in around a co I likc a spindle \!rapping for cord. Do Not TryTo Do Unreasonable Things Bonsai To Whenone is nboutk) applt wirc to a tree lhcrc are two thingsto kcep in "\\/hat nrind.Firet, rhoul(l.rsk one can I do to getthc Nire lo hold lhe lreein the position lw.rnt\!ithout pl.r.lng unducslfcss ihe tree?' an on Thcn ii,vou havcan,vlecwalt ho$, dro!ld the rire bc put on thetreeso lh.ttit $,lll not bc vis!rall! un.rttrac tive. Thcnno!ice!,in p.rrticulat should consider wiringtheiree hlice, in hro differenlstaece rather lh,rntheenrire lreeall at ofce. Dest)itc fa.t tharrh(. the 1r(r| not is ,lccustomed havinB stress it to lh. of lhalwiringp acs a lrcc,novces on wlll irequcntli, overdo andappv il wlre lo thc entire tree.1ll onceal nt lhe \\,avout to the tipsoi branches sh ch trequenllv caurcsbr.rnches to clic. Trunks hca!\'br.rnches and are stronger than iBhter branches li and lheyareall wircdi lil rheEame timetheywon l bc killcrl. Thusii wjring15 donein two stages, rough a wiringin the first iear l)y nppv ng wire to and initl.rllY st!lingthe trunk and the heaYier Thenin branches. lhe lecondvear\'lrinAnndshaping you the enallcrbranrhes a.c not likel! to haveanybrinchdieback as a rcsuli $,iring. or WhenTo Wire Bonsai Thetime to wire bons.1ditJcrs depcndingon the sPcces oi iree but it be Bcnerallv shoukl doned!ring the period iromenrlviulunrnln Septenrber unt | \\4renncw up gro\rrlh appcars March. in ln the pan peope wereto d that deciduous trees should wlrcd in be aulumnafterthe leaves h.tvciallen .n(l trained irom lhef untilthetime bu& break thc spring. if Howevcr

tor sonrereason, perhrpsbccause of \\/c.rther conditions, recenllvtrces \\'ircdin ihe earlvdutunrn haYc not hrcJgood bud breaks iol|:irling thc sl)fln8. wiring vigorouslyCrowing Bonsai An imPo.tant condlrion wiringa for treeis lhatthc treein lt]0siion be vigorous Trees v that are !ro$,ing unhealthv arerveak or should be not Ccnerall\t bnsc nrling and the shaping ihe trunkol a treeshould oi be done$,hileit is loun8 nncl rire is nol unrally applied nrature trunks lo on $,hich thickb.rrkhls iornred. On lh.sctrees onlv br.rn(hes should bc wlr0d.l iowever s doe, not nppv lh \\'hrnrnakinS majorni().llii.ntions to n treelikechanginll ironloi the the Careiul wire r Young lrcO v when ts shapehasneverbccn deternr red and hasnevef be.n wired beiore. Slnce shape fot been its has clelermincd, should on Iirstprune brck thebranches;nclthen rpply \!ire oncethc treeis gr(^!ing he,rlth\l TermPlanning LonB A lofg tennplan s fecessar! !!hen a stvling lrcnsai. .t treehnsbcen lf $rlrcdit hkes abouta ycaror in s0m0[d!es hfo rearstor the lree to rclrinthe shape hasbeengivenbv it the wire andthe $ ire kr beginto cut intothebark. The\\'ireshould be renrolcd \!hen it begins cut into t0 thc l>ark thentrainccl is ior and as lhrccor iolrryears. Thlsis esEenlial. li thisis done,the treesho! cldevelop rcll .]ndthecliamctcr the nunk ol shoLrld doLble iour(Jli ve vcars in lepending the 5pec Whenthe on cs. treeis iinilhed to.r cc(aine\tenlit shoulcl givenitsiinalslvling. be The Ordr Fof ApplyingWire Al)p,v wire to n lrcc is usedto n8 nrodiivthe shtrpe i troe.For ol c\.rmple. a trccwhichhasncver ior bcen trainedbct,:rr, bcginsbv one delernrinlng iont oi thetree. the \c\t. alterdelermininB irontand the lhcn cleciding Nhatstvle s'ouklbring out nnderhan.othe in.livi.lL,rl .lctcrrfine characterisilcs oi thattree, whattrLnkpaLtern(.nhinces lhc o\tcr trunk and rcmovebrafches not v tal to thatstving. Thenproceed with thc $ iring. First \\'irenndshape Uunkusing thc
I\TER\AI (J\AL 8.)\S\ 1] lrr0r \o 1

,,,;jj
\lait untilblue flames visible are and cool the wire Bradually

tuddencoolins immersing in by s.!.r $ill harden rather soften than

wire sizes ch coflespond thr wh t.r dlanreters thc trunk.lncl oi branchcs anrl begin bv wir ng the hea\,],.r branches F naly uselightcr iirst. wire io $ re thc smaler Saugc btanches. How To W;re TheTrunk Wire lhe tfunkiir!1. Becausc $ ll vou need lo usehcavvr,ire trke a good ook at the footdlspay afd bascol the trlrnk.nscrt wire rliagonal the ) intothc \oi of the contalncr caref!l ly \r,lrhout dnmaglng r(l()ls the and bendit arnund trunkso th;t it the wi I holcl not be loose, buL moveor !lp Whcn d.ring thi5con!i.ler thc appearancc the \vrre lhe trcc ol on and.loicl inserting in lhc so lat r the iront oi ihe treeand place it at the sid-.or rcarol the tfee. Befclthe wire bciorejnserting it intothe so L Thisis l)e..Lrse is rl lometmesdiillcut to befd on.e it s in the soilbccaure the heavv .rf oi Bauge thc \\, re. li \'o! ir,vreal! hardto benrlit onceit is n lhc ,ioi of )ou mav injurelhe barkat the base WhenTo UseTr|o Pieces Wire Of lf ofe pleceoi !v rc s,ill be suiic err thereis no neeclto usc additioral wire.But.ii fou do n.rtthink)ou canbendit sallria.torilv beca!ieoi

rhe hcav! g.luilewire .rf vou are not used u5ng it. rather t.r lhandoing something un\r'ise should |rse !ou l\\o p ecesof 5 ightl! ightergauge people Evcn $,hoarc a.crst.rmedto han.ll ng h.a! er f]alge \\, re $,ill inslcadusehr,o I ghrer to hd!lng Srugepieces a\,oi.J .i iiicult\,. Whenusing t\'vo picccs n jre of a wavsco I themarolncl trufk so thc thatthevarerlghtagan!t eacholhcr andarc wiredin the same.lr.,.tion It lo.rks betler Ihe! appcar one ii as andthevwi I not holdas\\,el li tic) tnnancelne lrunk ba\c Although\r,es.1)l\'irc thc trufk. the portion lhc trunkiustabove of the bascis diificu to ben.l. t However,ir depcndson the diameter oi the lfunk,the inchor so jusl abole \ herc the ro(Jt!efter the \o Sifcethe porton oi the lou,er tr!fk ls an lnhcrcnt partof the treeiLis oi pf mar) importance consldcr to ho$, thispoiron oi the trcccanbe efhanced and ho\r,i is ro be p anted priorto wiring. Thenii $,c clscern the bestp acc bi, the curveoi th-. lo\\'er trunkand plantit f a nay thrl onhances \'veusc\""'ire ronr thli to pensate thep.r.cs whereit ls less for

UseWirelhat ls Suitable The For Diamter OfIhe Trunk lr the wire is not suitdble the size ior 0i thetrunkto be $, red it \\,illnot hold anclrill fot hnvcan effect. Novice! rendto use$ re rh.l is too lighri.rr thc trrnk an.lit usual doe5 v nol do tholob. One sho! d use \ofnralv the trunktapers.nrl

Addanother prece or will nothold

pieces of eachother

The lowertrunL foois is where the treeshows individuaJity morethanany otherplace,so wire it carefull\

NTERN TION/\L IIoNSA 200irNo..J

becomes narro$,er it getstalLer. as Yot]should5elect gaugeof \r,lre a thatis sultab for bendintthe e desredponlonof the nunk.Since the w re s app ied ironr below there is no neecl \\ire up to or abole rhe to portlon$,herethe gaugeof the wire is suitablc thc thickness thc Ior oi Lrunk. Whenwiringa narro\\'-.r ponjonof thelrunkabolelhalspol

(p ihp

np\t

(mil

pr o,r, op r, irp

$,hlchs suitable the sizeof the ior As muchas possible y the npp $'ireso thatthetlp oi the heaw Nire userl thetrunkwil not appear on on thc iront oi thc trcc. Extend;ngThe Wire oi Changlfg gauge wire on lhe the lrun lrom a heav 8au3e a k er lo lighter gauge. depends thep ace on $,here is to be chan8ed. the it Coi gauge beglnning oi rhe I ghrer end $,lrc to be uscdtwo or thrcc timcs around branch a belor the p ace rvhere lr,re is to be ertendecl. the lf thefeis onewlre allgnit logether \\rih the healier \\'ireon thetrunk. li Coi thc wire as muchas nee.led arelloingto bendthatbranch lou .lown.lf therei5 no brafchbelow thatpoint{ths ls veryrarct, aLlgr thc ighter rvireandthe heavier rc w together severaturnsaroundthc for tr!nk andtie themtogether with extreme f ne light gauge\\'ire if ) placesandthe ertendtwo or three gaugc thc ed portjon lighter oi Lthe holdu,el andwill t\\,o\!,ir-.sr\\il not sllp.

LeftCoiling And Right coiling The.lire.tion the wire to be coi ed of andrhedirection the branch that is to bc bcnt arc closcl)'re ateai.t is impo(aft to tw s he \\,irearoun.l the trunkwhllc bendfg lt whcn n,irlnBa tree.Thereiore d rection the that vou wrap the \r,irearoufd the trunkor brafchanl th0 rlircct on thntvo! twistandbcndthc trunkor brafchmlst altra),s ln thc sanrc bc li theh\,odirections opposite are rhe wire w ll not hav-. efiectand an wil fot hold bccausc \rire thatls the rvrapped arorndthetrunku,il be Forexample, whena branch or trunkhasbeencolled the eft and to thebranch Lrlnkhasbeenl)ent5() or thatlt is tw stcdin thc samcdircc tion it \r,ll ho d r.lther $ell $itholt li thc lnjurlng vcc. Convcrscl)" thc tfunkor bfanch t.rb. twistccland is bentto thc riBht, \\'ircshoulcl thc bc \\,rappell tho fi8ht. t.r Thu5, one sho!ld,priorto app,v fg wire,flrstdelerm whichdirecne Llon br;rnch \\'lrcareto be thc and t\! ned andthenapplf the $ire in

Usewire the rightsizeto bendthe trunk

'I re r,,ith light

Wire wascoiledto the fight and branchwas bentand twistedto the leftso the coiledwie on the branch becameloose

lf wire is coiledio the lef! twist to the left

lf wirc is coiledto the righi,twistto the right

Trunk\! ilh no

\ T E R \ A TO \ A L t s o N S A ] 5 l00r'\O.1

HoldThewire when Wiring precaution Th s s .rnc anrL,ntar\ but when,\pl)l,ving al\!avs \,,lre, iirnll," ho.l thL'portiL'n thewlre thathas oi .rlrei(l! been\\'ith thc oit hand right handior thoso rlho .rrelen hanclcclr .rndcoll the N ire nroln(lthc trunkor l)r.rnch \\ith Ihe riqhlh.rnd,letr hand ior tho\cNho .rrelen handcdr. Then ns \o! prol.eed coil the\\i'c to nroufdlh| tr!nk or br.rnch mo!c the posir oi the h:rnd .n holding $ ir thc l0lhe lrunkor bftinch. \'Vh.ncoll ft] the \\'irearound brirch n \\'a!sccrI it thc lrunk1)r whil. h.,ldingt t0 the trunk\\'hie lwi\linglhf wjre it5eLf it wlll not so bc((,nrf\l.rck. Thlsmanferoi coi ing r ir(,is diiiic! t, and if th-.wlre . hcrcs iShtl\, lhe trunkit s good lo r'lri e i il is r.rotightlt wi I clrt into thc barkoi thetreeuhen vou bend t. li I is loo oosc I wil not hol.lthe lrufk,)r br.rnch po5ltion in u,hen vou bcnd r. Whc'fcoi ing the\! jre around lhc lfunkor brinchthe\\'ireshoLi d fcyl]r be kruchingthe b.rrkoi the lreedirf.th'.Hc.\'\ \'re thatis t0 diiiicult bndan.lNrnpb\ hand sln)!klbe benlaf d coiled.lround plier\. rhcritlnk'rsinS

Intervak Behi'een Coils Thesizeoi lhc lnterlrlsbeh!r..nrhl .oils oi wire of a trunkor bran.h dinerdcpending the r zo oi thr on treeandgrLgeoi the N ire.\t]nrlxr 8 \\'ireis nornrdl!userlontr.cs \!hosctrunks br.rn.h.s tsrf.rl, or n( lhanone'elghth in.h in dhnlclcL Assum that\ou \nnl 1,,bfn(l .r nB rrunk\\hi.h ls one an.lonc-cighlh inch in rliamcter sorlrl Lrsc vor fumber8 $ irc anrln rnPth. n ift.. intcrr,als ironrone ard onc rlLr.rrr' of to one eighlhlrchcs Ho\\'e\,er s $, I ilwn\s d ir(,r th \!ith the sh.1pe lhc trcc so v(tr] oi fealy crn t ilefcr.l zc.\'Vhef)orl $ant to do parli.ularl! iifc l)on(l rr! yot]wotrd narro$, lntcrvil.r)(l thc convers-.lt lou want to g vc ,l rl hr.rnch trunka moregeforil or styLinB wou cl incrcirsc thc rou li v.rumakethe nten.r bflN," \\rapstoo 5maI it becomes r ik( spring ancl conrerselv rril not it ho cl the br.rnch trunkin pl.rtt or andthewire will rcall! nnnd olrt

Twist wireasit iscoiled the around thetrunkor branch

Wirespacing 1 1/8b 1 1/4"

Whencoiling wirebesure to secure wirero lhetnrnkor the bnnchw;thyourhand

N N\{r()NAL 3(l\SA

Carefully wirearound coil the trunk branches or

Whe coiledat closeintervals not havea holdingeffect

lf youbend beween the coilsof wire il will control thewireon both sides thebcnd of from returning to lheoriginal posrtron

BendinB AncleAnd wirc Placement Ther'lrc sho! | l)e Iti( ed re nti\c tr) Lhe arcath.rt s l(] l)c lxarior the trunkor brafrh. ll slmlrld wir.d b., so thirL Lls .rr l)olh skltli oi lhe bcndlng afgle so lwil sul)prcss llc lendencv n braf.h lo rrturntL'its oi original posili.,f, .il(r t hnsbeen bent. h lou berd ir po'li,'r i,r .r l)anch ! or trunkselere $hor. rh.r.,is no Nire t ma\ break lh.rll).intnr it is nr saier bcnd\\hc( thcrels Nire to touchlng brnnrhor rrurrkli \ou the \ani to se\efehbfnd \u.h an are.r \oLrshoukl\rnp il\ lh LrirLn or cl.rth prolell r ronr l)rerkr)gnfd to splitting. Aiter\'ring thelrufl .'re shouLd proceed $,lrifgthl]ln.r).hc\.lt ! to impo(anL 5Lfc thc brrnLhr\so to Lhat thclrshapcs c{nrk)nn lhe lo shape the trunl itsc,li. oi WireTwo Branchswilh One Piecc Of Wire A \!a\'s usconf P ecc ol \\ rreto Firsl sLrrc shape h\o branchs. nr.rke thatvoL h.!e cnough lrc to \\'re \ lhc oweroi the hr()l)rin.hes\\ ith the ooseendoi thc \\ irc Thcnco I

the \\ ire h! {c arolrnd portion lhc that s.1thche.l rholrufk.rfcl ro eave rest thc,cnd the stranrl the oi r,ri (()il the$, re ior ;r mofrfnt.rn(l ar.rund trunk. lhisti e ii there the Al is a r,.adv wirc co lcd anrrndthe lfunkco thiswirr s()th,rliLio o\rs thatprrliols V co lfrl !\'ireThcnco I \! ire nrolrnd uptrcr l)r.rn.h. whcn thc (ul\!l( rronr coi conrper.r.l, the .1ncl relurf l()lh(,r\ lel unN re.lPor tionoi lhe olhcrlip or Ihe\!ire on iinlshNiring lhc loNerlrrnnch.rnd Estimating Wire tcngth \\hen \ rirg br.rn.hf\ir s helpiul ro rt tr! to en nule lhe ({rBlh wire nce!!ar\ \\ re b.rrh to bftinfhcs in .i.h',rnce The cfglh oi \! rc'\\'iI depen.l pn(ly (fr th!'AnrAe \\,ire oi geferrLvlou rra! t{rbe useclbrt expecL uscn cfglh $h ch iEone Lo nfd . halit0 two t mcsthe englhoi lhe branch. \'Vhcr!()!rAelLredlo .J.ring this \'ou wi I l)c .rl)e 1o jud estlmate .boul lhe r Bhlnnrouft ancitron t nee.1 nx\rsurcaach to pieceberorc \ou cur it. Thef cut the picccoi \\ire dn(llhe'r.rpp il Y

lf youbend the trunkor branch

severely behveen the wire coils it may break Alwaysuseone pieceof wrrc to shapetlvo

branch cloth with or raffia prcvent lo brealinB splitting and

One pieceof wire is not likelyto hold and havean effectwhen wirinSone

branchrvill not brcik lvhen it is therei9 wire

\TIR\,\T( )\ \L 8|)\! \ It llirr \o 1

wiring Onl) One Branch \\hen thereis fol a br.nchneafthe hranch vou wlshto wirc andvoL nccdto wirc jun one branch. coi the wlre on.e aro!nd thebranch and Lhen coll thc w rc around trunk the and holdthlspoiron of the ',!,jfe lightv so thatlt \\i I not move. From \\'ireapplied the the to br;nchwire the branch to \\'here o!t vounant to stopandthlsshoud holdW thoutnrovifg. This technl.tu,. not bc \\'lll ciiccti!cwith trrnks\\'hich are hea!\.In lhatcase, ess un vou \\rrap wlrc aflrufdthc trunkirom below the brdnchseveratimes.1nd thef wrdpthe branch $,lfe$,ll s ip the and\\, ll not ho d. lt s lmportant to have \r,re 5ecure,v the anchorerl.

HowTo LowerBranchcs \\hen vou \\'anL bcnd . hcav,! Lo branch downand\.lnrcoi th. branch\\,th \\,re anclende.lvor to br ng it dowf !o! \ i I iifcl Lh.t)-.ru justcannot bringthe brafLhdo$,n iom \\'here i5 atta.hed the it to trunk.lt wil onlv be o$,erecl irom a p.rint ilhtV o!1 fromthe polnt sl whcrcit ls cmerSing tromthetrufk. Hotrlv0r, the wav branches comcdown diiters ard depends on theoleral shape of: ne-" andthc shapc Lhctrunk.Forcia ple oi branches ch Bo .lo$,r iom the $,h pointoi atlachmenl thc lrunk of expfess !\al tf r8s gro\! natura thc L\'In n v-ar\ scvcrc cnv|lonn]cnt. \'\'hef Vo! \ ant to bcfd a branch downsharp iketh 5 \'ou !

maf cra.k or.!L thc un(lers oi tlr' de brafcha he po nLoi.rttachment. lbu nraykllL branchi,!o|1don'l Lhe rnow what)o! fe d.rjng i i! pr.i, so ab,vbes o lustbencl branch thc wiLh\ ir.. do\!,n WhenVouu5$ire to br ng n branch doln,vou shouc1 trr to not brin8lt all thc x,a\ dorn to rhere ikc !ou s,l:]uld t t.r be. Dividelt f: lwo stngcs. ilrstt me bring t r.r' Thc wa\ down and then trlo to four nronthslaterbefcl t rlown to r\'henvou \\,ould ike to havc t. li,\ou tr! to do thi! al at one time vou are Ver,vike,v 1(l\!.rak-"r The ',\,.rv \\'lr-.bftrn.h Llp\ i to the samein a Icases afd onl\ d ai. ln rheg.ruge wlrc \'ou nel to r:oi

thebuds face to wrnnS

Cut or crackthe

devcloped a in

Clackor cut

l a NTER\AToNAL L](]\SA
-t1l0i \o n

Face Ih BudsUpnards \\'hen you bringa branch dorvnthe iipsoi thc branches out io the face sldcs usefinenumber or 2,{ so 2l \\lre lo makethc budsiace up\4/ard5. Ho\!cv.f,with time,the budrwill nat!fallv tenclto f.rceupwardscven r \ou do nol .lo thG. Thcreiore you ii ,i.nt to diEplay bonEai the soonafter ,.1ir I iace$e budsupwards. ng Pulling Branches Down : \.ru havea branch that\ ill not ,)nre oown DvafY orner means a 0r Iin.h thai,vou nol !!antto stress do . Lrmal pull the rvireappliecJ a to '.rn.h.lo$,n with lightgauge wirc '' ,T a .onvenrenl ac-a a p on '-:n.h Secure lo thelvlrecoilcd il _ 1:-.rfunk, bottom the conthc oi , i'.r or a convenienl placelikea ' . il brifch \\,itho!t stresslng thc . .,nl it $,lll ho d reasonablv well.

MethodsOf Shaping Branches WhichDo Not RelyOn Wire Branch in boft olrl andyoung tips trees spring hackup on voung branchcs rvhlch u,ired are clou,n. ln suchcases there techniques are ior bringinS l)ranchcs n \\,hich do\ do nol rel), wire suchasPifching on ne\vgro\\'rh trimminS and old feedles. ThisredLcca numbcr thc of leaves need andallows sun or es thc to gei at \teaker budsgrowlngin the recesscs the trce. ol IfYou Wire/ Do Not Forgetlo Remove lt It is poftantto noL ea!,e!\ ire of n treefor a longtime.Whef it begins to cut into$e bafk il \\i I haveh.rd the desired eilect and lt should be r-.movcd thistime and not reapat pliedagan for a vearor t$,o. This allowsthc trcc tn restand regain ts vr8(rr.

Trees often damagcd are when the wire i! remove.l ralher ck,vto qu reus-.lt latr. Sln.eiLis rclatlvcly easy obtan coppcr lo wire it is lmportant remove $,if-. cut to the bv ting it oli so Lhat uees not dam, arc nged. you arc determined li to rcmovc without lt cutling uEe it, p iers.rnd do it crrliul ,vv,.,itho!t causing dam.rgc thc trce ii possible. to At thistlmeEec!rclv holrlthe portion whichls u/lr-.d yourleithand.rs in you dld r\,hen applying wir-.ancl the graduallv remolethc n'irc.

All 6e sn'.ll pine btundl tipr rhauldb. ,a.-.dup)rardu\int iinc \rnc. Notethe t-.neLtp$ittoninEoi hands\rh.n |ititlg ta a\ai.l injur| to the pine needles

Posidon bud tipsto the faceupwardwhen wiring and shapinS

Lse \o.2l copper \ire to makethe buds

INTERNAT']NA]O\5A] ]9 B 200irNo l