Administrations

Party Affiliation Republican

Election

Major Legislation

Major People Henry George 1879 Progress and Poverty

Social problems were caused by monopolists growing wealthy on rising land prices. A single tax would destroy monopolies and eliminate poverty.

Major Events Tammany Hall

Political machines in the 1870s were effective in graft and corruption, obstacles to progress and reform. Boss rule was the result of: -Immigrant workers -Link between gov t and the corrupt -Structural weakness of city gov ts

Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881)

James Garfield/Chester Arthur (1881-1885)

Republican

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Banned Chinese immigration for 10 years, reflected growing fear of unemployment and labor unrest, would protect American workers.

Goals of the Populist Movement

-Sub treasuries= cooperatives -Network of warehouses for crop deposit -Abolition of national banks -End of absentee ownership of land -Direct election of US senators -Regulation of RR, telephones, telegraphs -System of gov t banks, income tax, inflation -Free silver

Grover Cleveland (1885-1889) Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893)

Democrat

Interstate Commerce Act

A Congressional attempt at regulating interstate commerce, banned discrimination rates on short and long hauls.

Jane Addams
Led the Feminist movement, in terms of prohibition and Hull House in Chicago to become a model for other houses by middle class families. NAWSA/WTUL/GFWC

Gospel of Wealth
People of great wealth had great responsibilities as well as power.

Haymarket Riot

Republican

Sherman Antitrust Act

Congress passed this only symbolic act because corporate power was too strong. Corporations were not allowed to escape to the north.

People s Party (Free Silver) Alfred Thayer Mahan Influence of Sea Power Upon History
Countries with sea power were great nations = productive economy, navy.

McKinley Tariff
Highest protective tariff in Congress, became law in 1890. Popular sentiment turned against the Republicans, so Cleveland won.

Pan-American Congress
James G. Blaine, delegates from 19 countries joined, weak organization to distribute information.

Grover Cleveland (1893-1897) William McKinley (1897-1901)

Democrat

Coxey s Army
Ohio businessman advocated public works program, marched in DC in response to 1893 panic. 500 showed.

Pullman s Strike

Republican

Annexation of Hawaii
Pearl harbor, possible naval base. Destroyed previous culture, disease halved the population, sugar plantation system

Boxer Rebellion
Rebellion revolted against foreigners. McKinley had a voice now in Chinese affairs, US retained trade access routes.

displaced natives. 1891- Queen Liliokalani challenged American control. American planters called on US -1898.

Philippine Insurrection
Subjugating people required brutality, resulted in 4.3k deaths, and natives died. Aguinaldo was captured in 1901.

Teller Amendment
1898, it authorized the use of U.S. military force to establish Cuban independence from Spain.

Spanish-American War

John Hay s Open Door Notes

Approving 3 principles: -Each nation had a sphere of influence -Chinese officials had to collect tariff duties -Nations were not to discriminate other nations

Platt Amendment
The amendment, which was added to the Cuban constitution of 1901, affected Cuba's rights to negotiate treaties and permitted the U.S. to maintain its naval base at Guantnamo Bay and to intervene in Cuban affairs "for the preservation of Cuban independence."

Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)

Republican

Trusts
Was not opposed to trusts, but he knew trusts led to dangerous concentrations of power. Therefore, he allied himself with progressives. Wanted to publicize power of trusts. Northern Securities CompanyRRs

Women Workers Booker T. Washington

Born into slavery, so a little more cautious and hopeful than WEB. Urged assimilation and education above all.

Great White Fleet

Roosevelt made sure Japan understood the US s power and sent a Great White Fleet around the world.

Panama Canal
The US chose Panama for the 40% constructed Canal, owned by a French company for $9 million. Columbia refused to ratify the project until a rebellion took over Columbia and recognized Panama as independent.

WEB Du Bois
Could not tolerate injustice/prejudice. Encouraged university education and restoration of civil rights. NAACP: Met in Canada and launched Niagara movement, Guinn v US, Buchanan v. Worley. Creating an elite black leadership.

New Nationalism
More radical ideas, fed gov t had to support this. -Graduated income -Inheritance taxes -Workers compensation -Regulation of women and children -Tariff revision -Firm regulations of corporations

Muckrakers
Journalists began to direct public attention to injustices, exposed scandal corruption and injustice. Ida Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens (Rockerfeller s Standard Oil and boss rule )

Roosevelt Collorary
When European ships began to intrude into Latin America, Roosevelt added to the Monroe doctrine a Roosevelt Collorary to also to intervene itself into the weak domestic affairs of South America to protect the Western Hemisphere.

Gentleman s Agreement William H. Taft (1909-1913) Republican Progressive Legislation 16th Amendment th 17 Amendment Federal Reserve Act Fourteen Points
-Adjusting postwar boundaries and establishing new nations to replace Austria-Hungary and Ottoman Empire -5 Principles: Freedom of seas No secret treaties Reductions in weaponry Free trade Objective, unbiased resolution of colonial claims Self Determination for countries gov t

Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)

Democrat

Antiwar Dissent Edward Bellamy Looking Backward

Religious Fundamentalism Causes of US entry into WWI

-Unrestricted Submarine Warfare- Germany -Zimmermann Telegram- Germans to Mexico asking for help -Russian Revolution: Russian revolution toppled czarist regime and replaced it with republican gov t, making US more comfortable

Wartime Economy WWI

Scopes Monkey Trial

Clarence Darrow defended Scopes v William Jennings Bryan but lost the case when it was dismissed. Judge refused to permit expert testimony. Darrow defeated fundamentalism.

Progressive Legislation Versailles Peace Treaty

The Big Four discussion of the outcome of the war German reparations.

19 Amendment
Granted suffrage, political rights to women in 1920.

th

Underwood Tariff Bill

The first major reduction in tariffs occurred under the Underwood Tariff Bill. The average tariffs were decreased from 41 percent to 27 percent.

18 Amendment
Prohibition Act turned into law in 1920, ratified by every state besides CT and RI.

th

Warren Harding (1921-1923)

Republican

Normalcy
Guarantee for return to the past was made as the reply to the war Harding with

pictures as well as speedy the lapse toward the former United States isolationist sort general policy. the wartime view of 100 percent Americanism spurred anti in advance as well as increasing secular violence, as well as the fast accelerating be scared toward the potentially swelling comrade ideals.

Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)

Republican

Flappers

Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)

Republican

Response to Depression

Advertising Immigration/Economy Harlem Renaissance Labor Causes of the Great Depression Bonus Army The Dust Bowl Effects of the Great Depression

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933-1945)

Democrat