Tafsir of Suratul Jinn

lu the Naae o| A||ah, the Vost Giac|ous, the Vost Veic||u|
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Wrillon bv a Group of MusIim SchoIars

Indor lho Guidanco and Suporvision of
valuIIah aI-Izma aI-Hajj ash-ShaiIh Nasir MaIarim Shirazi

TransIalod bv SaIoom Bhimji
Commonlarv of SuraluI Iinn

Wrillon bv a Group of MusIim SchoIars Indor lho Suporvision of:
valuIIah aI-Izma aI-Hajj ash-ShaiIh Nasir MaIarim Shirazi

Edilod bv Arifa Hudda

IubIishod bv

IsIamic Humanilarian Sorvico
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Kilchonor, Onlario
Canada, N2K-2YS
ToI: 519-576-7111
Fax: 519-576-S37S
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Firsl Irinling Soplombor 2003
Copvrighl 2003 IsIamic Humanilarian Sorvico
AII Righls Rosorvod

Irinlod in Canada Irinlod in Canada Irinlod in Canada Irinlod in Canada

No parl of lhis pubIicalion mav bo roproducod or lransmillod in anv form or bv anv
moans, oIoclronic or mochanicaI, incIuding pholocopving, rocording or anv
informalion slorago and rolriovaI svslom vilhoul pormission in vriling from lho
pubIishor.
NalionaI Iibrarv of Canada Cal NalionaI Iibrarv of Canada Cal NalionaI Iibrarv of Canada Cal NalionaI Iibrarv of Canada CalaIoguing in IubIicalion Dala aIoguing in IubIicalion Dala aIoguing in IubIicalion Dala aIoguing in IubIicalion Dala

Commonlarv of SuraluI Iinn / vrillon bv a group of MusIim
schoIars undor lho guidanco and suporvision of Nasir MaIarimuI AIhIaq
Shirazi : lransIalod bv SaIoom Bhimji.

Edilod bv Arifa Hudda.
TransIalod from Arabic.
ISBN 1-S94701-15-1

1. Koran. Sural aI-Iinn--Commonlarios. I. Bhimji, SaIoom
II. Hudda, Arifa III. Shirazi, Nasir MaIarim, 1924- IV. IsIamic
Humanilarian Sorvico.

BI129.36.C65 2003 297.1'227 C2003-905333-4

TABIE OF CONTENTS

BIOGRAIHY OF THE AITHOR............................1
ARABIC TEXT OF SRATII IINN..............................9
CONTENTS OF SRATII IINN 11
MERITSOF RECITING SIRATII IINN 13
OCCASION OF REVEIATION 15

Vorso 1 19
Vorso 2 23
Vorso 3 25
Vorso 4 29
Vorso 5 31
Vorso 6 33
Vorso 7 35
Vorso S 37
Vorso 9 39
Vorso 10 43
Vorso 11 45
Vorso 12 47
Vorso 13 49
Vorso 14 51
Vorso 15 53
Vorso 16 55
Vorso 17 59
Vorso 1S 63
Vorso 19 71
Vorso 20 73
Vorso 21 75
Vorso 22 77
Vorso 23 S1
Vorso 24 S5
Vorso 25 93
Vorso 26 97
Vorso 27 99
Vorso 2S101

Various Ioinls103

Anin-doplh invosligalion rogarding IIm aI-Ghaib 103

An in-doplh sludv rogarding lho croalion of lho Iinn115

SoIoclions from aI-Kafi Concorning lho Iinn................129

Endnolos....................................141
Tafsir of SuraluI Iinn
1
+.it +.i.Lit
BlCClAlH\ CF THl AUTHCl
ho ominonl schoIar, valuIIah aI-Izma aI-Hajj ash-

ShavIh Nasir MaIarim Shirazi vas born in lho voar 1345
AH (1924 CE) in lho cilv of Shiraz, Iran lo a roIigious
famiIv vho voro voII Inovn for lhoir groal IovoI of
spiriluaIilv and nobIo olhicaI lrails. His Eminonco finishod his
oIomonlarv schooI sludios in Shiraz and duo lo his oagornoss lo
Ioarn, his povorfuI momorizing capabiIilios and olhor groal laIonls,
ho vas rogardod as ono of lho oxlraordinarv sludonls from amongsl
his foIIov cIassmalos and bocauso of lhis, vas abIo lo compIolo lvo
voars of sludios in ono voar!

Tho condilions lhal oxislod in Iran in lhoso davs obIigalod lhis
voung man - vho possossod such a laIonl and groal apliludo lo
chooso lho palh of Inivorsilv sludios lo incroaso his InovIodgo and
allain lho highor (maloriaI) IovoIs of socuIar sludios. Hovovor
lhrough lho hand of falo and lho bIossings of lho Mainlainor of lho
Inivorso and his ovn inlornaI dosiros, lhis voung man dovoIopod
an allraclion lo bocoming bollor acquainlod and doIvo doop inlo lho
gonuino loachings of IsIam, ospociaIIv sinco aflor lho spring of 134S
AH (1937 CE) (jusl aflor ho finishod his primarv schooI), lho IsIamic
Sominarios vonl lhru a major lransformalion and had laIon on a
compIoloIv nov form.

His Sludios
His Eminonco slarlod his formaI IsIamic sludios al lho ago of 14 in
Madrossah gha BabaIhan Shirazi and vilhin a shorl poriod of
limo, vas abIo lo compIolo lho inlroduclorv sludios such as Sarf,
Nahv, Mantiq, Bavan, and Badi, vhich voro aII noodod lo advanco
lo lho noxl IovoI of IsIamic sludios.
T
Biographv of lho Aulhor
2
Aflor compIoling lhoso scioncos, ho lurnod his allonlion lovards lho
fioIds of Fiqh (Iurisprudonco) and IsuI aI-Fiqh (IrincipIos of
Iurisprudonco) and again, duo lo lho oxcoplionaI capabiIilios lhal ho
possossod, vas abIo lo finish sludving lho compIolo IovoIs of
inlroduclorv and bolh lho IovoIs of lho inlormodialo IsIamic sludios
in approximaloIv four voars (somolhing lhal normaIIv laIos 12 lo 15
voars)! During lhis limo, a group of sludonls from lho IsIamic
Sominarv in Shiraz voro aIso bonofiling from lho cIassos lhal ho
himsoIf vas loaching.

Tho posilivo crilicisms and porsonaI opinions of His Eminonco on
lho cIassos boing hoId in Oum and in roIalion lo lho nood for
incIuding oxlra informalion vilhin lho booIs lhal voro boing laughl
in lho various ThooIogicaI Sominarios, dofiniloIv pIavod a roIo in lho
brighl fuluro lhal availod him. WhiIo in roIigious galhorings in lhis
cilv, his capabiIilios, gonius, molicuIous and doop lhoughl voro
vilnossod bv olhors and bocauso of lhis, no ono vas abIo lo donv his
God-givon laIonls.

Whoroas lhis briIIianl slar vas onIv a moro 1S voars oId, hovovor
lhrough his doop ponolraling InovIodgo and lho fIoving pon, ho
vas abIo lo vrilo a commonlarv on lho booI KifavaluI IsuI (ono of
lho major booIs of IImuI IsuI lhal musl bo sludiod in lho
ThooIogicaI Sominarv), in vhich ho vas abIo lo bring lo Iighl lho
ambiguous issuos monlionod in lhis lradilionaI booI. Al lho ago of
1S, ho formaIIv onlorod inlo lho ThooIogicaI Sominarv of Oum and
for lho noxl fivo voars, vas prosonl in lho roIigious galhorings and
cIassos of somo of lho groalosl loachors of lhoso davs, such as
AvaluIIah aI-Izma aI-Hajj as-Savvid Muhammad Husain Burujordi
and olhor groal porsonaIilios (mav AIIah bo pIoasod vilh lhom aII).

In ordor for His Eminonco lo bocomo bollor acquainlod vilh lho
groal schoIars, lhoir idoas and lhoughls vho voro sludving and
loaching in ono of lho groalosl ThooIogicaI Sominarios of lho Shia, in
lho voar 1369 AH (1950 CE), ho mado his vav lo lho Havza
3
IImivvah of Najaf aI-Ashraf in Iraq. Il vas horo lhal ho vas abIo lo
laIo parl in lho cIassos of somo of lho groalosl loachors such as:
valuIIah aI-Izma aI-Hajj as-Savvid Muhsin aI-HaIim, valuIIah
aI-Izma aI-Hajj as-Savvid AbuI Oasim aI-Khu'i and valuIIah aI-
Izma aI-Hajj AbduI Hadi ash-Shirazi and olhor groal loachors (mav
AIIah sanclifv lhoir spirils).

Al lho ago of 24, His Eminonco vas granlod compIolo Ijlihad from
lvo of lho groal schoIars of Najaf aI-Ashraf. In addilion, valuIIah
aI-Izma aI-Hajj as-Savvid Muhsin aI-HaIim ovon vrolo a shorl, bul
comprohonsivo Iollor of commondalion for His Eminoncos nolos on
lho Iossons of Fiqh (Tho BooI of 1aharah).

His lhirsl for acquiring and gaining moro InovIodgo conlinuod
vilh lho groal loachors in Najaf aI-Ashraf. Hovovor, sinco ho did
nol havo lho moans lo survivo and conlinuo his sludios in lhis hoIv
cilv, ho vas forcod lo rolurn bacI lo Iran in lho voar 1370 AH (1951
CE) and maIo his vav bacI lo lho hoIv cilv of Oum vhich vas nov
lho conlro of galhoring roIigious schoIars. Onco again, ho joinod lho
circIo of schoIars vho Ialor on, had a profound impacl on his Iifo.

Aflor rolurning lo Iran, valuIIah Nasir MaIarim Shirazi bogan
loaching lho inlormodialo and highor IovoI of sludios (Kharij) in IsuI
aI-Fiqh and Fiqh. Il is nov cIoso lo 2S voars lhal ho has boon
loaching lhoso cIassos in lho ThooIogicaI Sominarv vhich havo boon
varmIv accoplod and approcialod bv a Iargo numbor of sludonls. In
addilion, aflor loaching a Iargo numbor of lho imporlanl booIs of
Fiqh, ho vonl on lo vrilo summarios and nolos of lhoso groal vorIs.
Al prosonl lho cIassos of Kharij of IsuI of lhis groal porsonaIilv aro
ono of lho mosl popuIar cIassos in lho Havza IImivvah of lho Shia
and lhoro aro cIoso lo 2,000 of lho mosl dodicalod and dvnamic
sludonls vho laIo parl and bonofil from his Iocluros!

From lho boginning of his sludios, ho vas habilualod in vriling
booIs in various fioIds of IsIamic sludios such as ThooIogv, IsIamic
4
Avaronoss and lho issuo of WiIavah (of lho AhIuI Bail). Moving
ahoad, ho slarlod lo vrilo on lho Exogosis of lho Our'an, Fiqh and
IsuI aI-Fiqh and is curronlIv Inovn and rocognizod as ono of lho
groalosl vrilors in lho MusIim vorId.

IoIilicaI Aclivilios

His Eminonco vas aIso vorv aclivo in lho oarIv davs lhal cuIminalod
in lho IsIamic RovoIulion of Iran and il is bocauso of lhis facl lhal ho
vas lhrovn in lho dospolic ruIors jaiI manv limos. In addilion, ho
vas ovon oxiIod on lhroo soparalo occasions lo lhroo difforonl cilios
Chanharal, Mahabad and AnaraI. Hovovor aflor lho RovoIulion,
ho vas appoinlod lo lho firsl counciI of Roprosonlalivos and pIavod
a pivolaI roIo in vriling lho firsl conslilulion.

Tho RoIigious HoIp and Supporl

valuIIah Nasir MaIarim Shirazi has boon quilo aclivo in various
fioIds of loaching and guiding lho up-and-coming schoIars in lho
ThooIogicaI Sominarv of Oum, and has ombarIod on various
projocls and ondoavours, of vhich vo monlion jusl a fov:

1. 1. 1. 1. RoIig RoIig RoIig RoIigious IubIicalions Conl ious IubIicalions Conl ious IubIicalions Conl ious IubIicalions Conlro ro ro ro for lho Shia for lho Shia for lho Shia for lho Shia: From somo limo bacI,
His Eminonco foIl lho nood for lho Havza IImivvah of Oum lo havo
a gonoraI pubIicalion organizalion vhich vouId bo abIo lo dofond
lho Shia from lho vorIs lhal voro boing pubIishod, bv lhoso
vishing lo misIoad lho poopIo unforlunaloIv vhoso numbor is
groal.

In addilion, lhis is aIso somolhing lhal lho MusIims oxpoclod from
such a groal IsIamic Inivorsilv such as lho Havza IImivvah, and
lhus poopIo from difforonl slrala of lho communilv slarling from lho
groal Maraja TaqIid of lho Havza and olhors aIso pul forvard lhis
roquosl lhal vilhoul doubl, a magazino shouId bo pubIishod lhal
5
vouId bo abIo lo ansvor lho roIigious onquirios of lho voulh and
givo lhom lho ansvors lhal lhov voro IooIing for. In addilion, such
a pubIicalion vouId bo abIo lo fighl againsl lho booIs and
magazinos lhal voro coming oul aiming lo misIoad lho poopIo.

Duo lo lho facl lhal al lhal limo, lhoro voro somo minds (vilhin lho
ThooIogicaI Sominarv) lhal voro nol roadv lo accopl such a
pubIicalion, lhus, His Eminonco soughl oul sorious and originaI-
vriling schoIars lo pIaco lho hoavv rosponsibiIilv on lhoir shouIdors
of producing such a pubIicalion. In lhis rogard, His Eminonco,
aIong vilh a group of olhor schoIars and lho assislanco of lho
Ioadors of lho Havza IImivvah of Oum and lho financiaI supporl of
voII vishors, Iaunchod lho magazino, MaIlab-o-IsIam. This
magazino vas dofiniloIv somolhing vhich vas unparaIIoIod in lho
Shia vorId and mavbo from lho poinl of viov of ils rango of
circuIalion amongsl lho various roIigious magazinos boing
pubIishod al lhal limo vas lho numbor ono magazino across lho
onliro MusIim vorId. This magazino broughl a frosh nov palh of
diroclion lo lho groal sludonls and lhinIors of lho Havzah.

Al prosonl, lhis pubIicalion has boon going on slrong for ovor 39
voars - offoring ils vaIuabIo sorvicos lo lho MusIim vorId and lho
Shia communilios and has found a spociaI spol vilhin lho hoarls of
lho voulh, lho univorsilv sludonls, loachors and olhor nobIo
porsonaIilios and il is lhrough lhis pubIicalion lhal lho Iighl of IsIam
and Tashavva has boon sproad from ils focaI poinl (Oum) lo lho
onliro vorId.

2. 2. 2. 2. Organizing Galhorings lo Organizing Galhorings lo Organizing Galhorings lo Organizing Galhorings lo Offor Offor Offor Offor Iossons in ThooIogv and olhor Iossons in ThooIogv and olhor Iossons in ThooIogv and olhor Iossons in ThooIogv and olhor
RoIigious Toachings RoIigious Toachings RoIigious Toachings RoIigious Toachings: :: : His Eminonco foIl lhal lho booIs lhal had boon
vrillon in lho fioId of IsIamic ThooIogv voro nol sufficionl, nor voro
lhov, vilh lho passing of limo, abIo lo ansvor lho quoslions lhal
voro boing raisod. In addilion, lhoso booIs voro aIso nol adoqualo
in addrossing lho noods of lho curronl ora. Tho lradilionaI booIs of
6
lhooIogv voro vrillon conlurios ago vhoro lho quoslions lhal lho
maloriaIisls of lodav bring up voro nol monlionod. AIso, lho
lradilionaI booIs vrillon in lho pasl did nol discuss lho various
vorId roIigions vho voro hoping lo imposo lhoir vaIuos on lho
vorId. In addilion, lho oIdor booIs broughl up issuos IiIo lhoso in
roIalion lo lho Asharis and MulaziIi and olhors such as lhoso vhich
lodav discussions on boIiofs such as lhoso aro no Iongor appIicabIo
as discussions sinco lhoso voro 'soasonaI.

Il is bocauso of lhis facl lhal His Eminonco, roIving upon his Iilorarv
laIonl and oxcoplionaI abiIilios, vas abIo lo prosonl lho ThooIogicaI
IsIamic boIiofs and lho fivo IrincipIos of RoIigion in an unparaIIoIod
vav! Il is lhrough organizing lho lhooIogicaI discussions lhal
hundrods of poopIo voro allonding lhal lhoso galhorings voro mado
avaro of lhoso issuos al hand and lhrough lhoso galhorings, a
compacl and conciso booI vas compiIod and pubIishod.

3 33 3. .. . IsIamic CounciI lo Irolocl lho Youlh: IsIamic CounciI lo Irolocl lho Youlh: IsIamic CounciI lo Irolocl lho Youlh: IsIamic CounciI lo Irolocl lho Youlh: His Eminonco gavo
unparaIIoIod Iossons on ThooIogv and olhor Iossons and discussions
in vhich his sludonls havo boon oducalod in oighl difforonl subjocls
from amongsl lho difforonl schooIs of lhoughl lhroughoul lho
vorId. Il is lhrough lhoso cIassos lhal lhoso boing lrainod vouId bo
abIo lo discuss and havo dobalos vilh olhors, vho aro busv
propagaling olhor boIiofs and schooIs of lhoughl and vouId aIso bo
abIo lo vrilo booIs concorning lhoir boIiofs lhov vouId aIso bo
oquippod lo ansvor anv quoslions or issuos lhal lhov pul forlh.

Wilhin a shorl poriod of limo, lhoso roIigious galhorings voro abIo
lo produco sludonls oach ono of vhich vas firmIv groundod and
spociaIizod in a parlicuIar fioId of sludv and ovon lodav, a group of
aclivo voulh vho aro voII Inovn aulhors vilhin lho Havza
IImivvah, aro busv sludving vilh. As voII, in ordor lo savo our
doar voulh from lho cIulchos of corruplion, His Eminonco formod
an organizalion caIIod lho EducalionaI AssombIv for Iroloclion of
7
lho Youngor Gonoralion. Ono of lho oulcomos of lhis assombIv is
lho pubIicalion of maloriaI lhal vouId bo allraclivo lo lho voulh,
and his offico mado lhom avaiIabIo lo lho voulh vorv promplIv.

4 44 4. .. . SlruggIos Againsl Dovianl Thou SlruggIos Againsl Dovianl Thou SlruggIos Againsl Dovianl Thou SlruggIos Againsl Dovianl Thoughls: ghls: ghls: ghls: On ono of his lrips lo lho
cilv of Shiraz, His Eminonco camo faco lo faco vilh ono of lho Sufi
groups in lhis cilv. A group of poopIo in Shiraz roquoslod him lo
vrilo a booI lhal vouId oulIino lho principIos of lhoso Sufis ono
lhal vouId oxpIain lhoir boIiofs in a poIilo and rospoclfuI mannor.
His Eminonco, bv maIing uso of lho rosourcos avaiIabIo lo him, sal
dovn lo vrilo lhis booI in lho voar 1953 CE vhich oulIinod lhoir
boIiofs and lhoughls, and ho namod il Tho Manifoslalion of Trulh.

Tho molhod in vhich ho vrolo lhis booI caughl lho allonlion of lho
Ialo valuIIah aI-Izma Burujordi (mav AIIah bo pIoasod vilh him)
and aflor roquosling His Eminonco lo soo him, ho congraluIalod lho
aulhor for his vaIuabIo offorls. In roIalion lo lhis booI, valuIIah aI-
Izma Burujordi (mav AIIah bo pIoasod vilh him) vrolo lho
foIIoving commondalion, I havo gono lhrough lhis booI in mv
sparo limo and did nol find ovon lho smaIIosl of voaI poinls in il.
Mav AIIah rovard vou for vour lroubIos.

5. 5. 5. 5. EslabIishi EslabIishi EslabIishi EslabIishing Organizalions and Conlros of Ioarning: ng Organizalions and Conlros of Ioarning: ng Organizalions and Conlros of Ioarning: ng Organizalions and Conlros of Ioarning: In lhoso
rogards, His Eminonco had mado lho inlonlion of oslabIishing such
organizalions in lho samo numbor of Masumin (poaco bo upon aII of
lhom) lhal vo havo (14) and vilh lho praiso of AIIah up unliI nov,
ho has boon succossfuI in oslabIishing four such imporlanl schooIs
vilhin lho ThooIogicaI Sominarv of Oum and lvo roIigious
organizalions for lho voIfaro of lho sludonls vho aro Iiving in lho
cilv of Mashad.

6. 6. 6. 6. Wrilings Wrilings Wrilings Wrilings Tho numbor of pubIicalions of His Eminonco curronlIv
Iios al approximaloIv 130 voIumos of booIs vhich havo aII boon
prinlod somo of vhich havo boon roprinlod moro lhan 30 limos!
S
Somo of lhoso havo ovon boon lransIalod inlo moro lhan 10 Iiving
Ianguagos of lho vorId and havo boon pubIishod in various parls of
lho vorId.

Tho commonlarv of lho Our'an aulhorod bv him, Tafsir-o-Namuna
(Tho IdoaI Commonlarv) has boon lransIalod inlo manv Ianguagos,
incIuding Arabic (aI-AmlhaI Fi Tafsir aI-Our'an), and can bo found
in manv homos. In addilion lo lhis commonlarv, ho has aIso
aulhorod a lhomalic commonlarv of lho Our'an onlilIod Iavam-o-
Our'an (Tho Mossago of lho Our'an) vhich has oponod up a nov
chaplor in lho fioId of oxogosis of lho NobIo Our'an.

In addilion, lho booIs ho has vrillon on lho lhooIogicaI boIiofs havo
boon a pIaco vhoro olhors can sooI rofugo from lho assauIl of booIs
vrillon vilh faIso boIiofs in lhom.

Of lho booIs of Fiqh lhal ho has vrillon, vo monlion a fov: Anvar
aI-Fuqahah, aI-OavaiduI Fiqhivvah, Anvar aI-IsuI and lho nolos
and commonlarios on lho compIolo loxl of IrvaluI Wulhqa vhich
has boon prinlod manv limos ovor.

His praclicaI guido for MusIims (TavdhihuI MasaiI) has aIso boon
prinlod manv limos and has aIso boon lransIalod inlo Arabic, Irdu,
TurIish, Azari and EngIish.

9
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... '.. '..' '. _.>L..:' '. _: :: '..: ..'.L ' :.
'..' '... L _' : .J-. ' _ `,' : .:.J-. '....> ' '..'
'.: '..-.. ..:' '.', .. ..s . ....... . .s '>.. '...
`, '..1> '..' '. _..L..:' '. _.L...1:' ..s .L ..'
......:'.s '.>. '.. ' '' _.L..1:' '. ..'.s ..J: '....L>
Arabic Toxl of SuraluI Iinn
10
' .:' '...1.:.' Ls 1..L:' ......1.`, ,' '.... s ' ..:.i..:
.s .-. s .:: ... L.. '...'.s '.-. _' .J...:'
L: ..s '.s.. ' '.>' ...' '.: '. ..s ' :.s.. ':':
_..... .Ls '...: ' . '..' '.s:' .. `, . ..' .. '.>' '
. ..' `, L' .: '. `, '.. ' . ..' : ..J. '
...>' : .>' .....: '.>:L '' `,' '..-.L. ' . :.L..
-. ' .:.. _'.s .: '.. ...> ..L.. '..s '....' '
:> ':' '' ' _.s.. _..L-...s -' '..'.. .' ':.s ''
. _' .:' ...' ' _.s.. .' -> .: .. '.' '' .L.s
.-:' ..s . L. Ls .... s '.>' '' `,' . ' _. .
..'.s L.. _.. .... .iL '.. ' .L- ..: _' ... '. - L..'
,.L.. ... '>' '.. ....: .>' : ,. ':.s '

11
a. +,. .t
C`Tl`T: CF :UlATUl |l``
uraluI Iinn vas rovoaIod in lho bIossod cilv of MaIIah aI-

MuIarramah and conlains lvonlv oighl val (vorsos).
Iusl as ils namo indicalos, lhis Surah conlains a discussion
concorning lho unsoon croalion of AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho) Inovn as lho Iinn. Tho discourso, amongsl olhor
lopics, covors lho Iinns boIiof in lho Irophol of IsIam (bIossings of
AIIah bo upon him and his progonv) and lhoir humiIilv and
humbIonoss in roIalion lo lho HoIv Our'an. Thoir boIiof and firm
conviclion on lho Dav of Rosurroclion, and lhal among lhom lhoro
can bo found bolh boIiovors and disboIiovors, is aIso covorod in lhis
Surah. Thoso discussions aro covorod in ninoloon of lho lvonlv
oighl vorsos of lho Surah and nol onIv rofulo and nogalo much of
lho uncorlainlv and hoarsav lhal has boon dissominalod aboul lho
Iinn, bul aIso amonds and roclifios lhom.

Tho socond soclion of lhis Surah conlains a sublIo aIIusion
rogarding lho boIiof in lho Ononoss of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho) and lho Rosurroclion Dav.

In lho finaI soclion of lhis Surah, lhoro is a discussion concorning lho
KnovIodgo of lho Insoon (IImuI Ghaib) of vhich nol a singIo souI
has InovIodgo aboul - oxcopl AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
and lhoso individuaIs vhom Ho docidos lo inform aboul lhoso
mallors.

S
13
+a.r. +,. .t
MlllT: CF lllTl`C :UlATUl |l``
` . ' `` , . ' ` . `, . . ' `

' .' ` . ' `.. .=`,. `- `-.
`-` , . ' . `, ` . . ,` .
' ' `- .
Il has boon narralod from lho Irophol (pravors of
AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) lhal: Ho vho
rocilos lhis Surah (SuraluI Iinn) viII bo givon lho
rovard of frooing (from sIavorv) as manv Iinn and
DoviIs lhal bolh boIiovod in and boIiod Muhammad
(bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his progonv).
1

` . ' ``. , ..`. ' `, . ..- ` `,

` ' ` ` ' , `, ' `` . . .' `
` -`' ``. `. ' ,- ' `` . ,
`,` ` ' `.``- . `.`. . `- `..`, ` .
..` . ' , . ' . `, ` . .. ,
.`.- `` ` .' `' . . `' . `. .
Il has boon roIalod from (ash-ShaiIh) as-Saduq
(mav AIIah bo pIoasod vilh him) bv his ovn chain
of narralors from Hannan ibn Sadir from Abi
AbdiIIah (Imam Iafar ibn Muhammad as-adiq
(poaco bo upon him)) lhal ho (lho Imam) said:
Morils of Rociling SuraluI Iinn
14
Whosoovor rocilos SuraluI Iinn viII novor bo
louchod bv lho oviI ovo, magic, vilchcrafl or lho
oviI pIols of lho Iinn vhiIo in lhis vorId, and lhal
porson viII bo in lho companv of Muhammad
(bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his progonv)
and viII bosooch lho AImighlv bv saving, 'O AIIah!
I do nol vanl anvono bosidos him! nor viII lhis
porson ovor bo pIoasod vilh anvono oIso.
2

Hovovor, lho bonofils lhal can bo allainod aro nol Iimilod lo simpIv
lho rocilalion of lhis Surah, ralhor lho roading is simpIv lho
inlroduclion lo undorslanding ils conlonls, and lhus acling upon il
is aIso nocossarv if vo aro lo bonofil from ils rocilalion.

15
... |;.:it +,. .t
CA:lC` CF ll\llATlC` CF :UlATUl |l``
uraluI Iinn vas rovoaIod in MaIIah aflor SuraluI Araf and

boforo lho rovoIalion of Surah Yasin and is lho forliolh
Surah lo bo rovoaIod lo Irophol Muhammad (pravors of
AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv). This Surah is lho
sovonlv-socond Surah in lho prosonl compiIalion of lho Our'an and
conlains lvonlv-oighl vorsos.

According lo schoIars, a lolaI of 1,024 vorsos voro rovoaIod boforo
lhis Surah, and 5447 vorsos appoar boforo lhis Surah in lho prosonl
compiIalion of lho Our'an.

This Surah conlains 2S5 vords, or as somo schoIars havo slalod, 235
vords. Tho numbor of Iollors in lho Surah is aIso dobalabIo. Somo
schoIars sav lhal lhoro aro S70, vhiIo olhors slalo lhal lhoro aro 759.

In lho oxpIanalion of val 29 lo 32 of SuraluI Ahqaf, various
incidonls of rovoIalion vhich voro roIalod lo lhal Surah havo boon
narralod, vhich aro lho samo as lhal vhich havo boon monlionod
for lhis Surah. This donolos lhal bolh of lhoso Surahs aro roIalod lo
ono parlicuIar ovonl. Wo viII laIo a briof IooI al lhoso lhroo aval.

Tho vorsos of SuraluI Ahqaf lhal discuss lho Iinn aro lho foIIoving:

. :`, ` ' ..`` `- ' . .`
.' ..`. `. . .`. ' . ``.-
..` ` .' ` `. .
`.` .`. ` `, ' .,.`' ,~ `,-
S
Occasion of RovoIalion of SuraluI Iinn
16
.`,-' `. ' `.` .. `` .`
` . -` `.. . `.` .,' . ``
And vhon Wo lurnod a parlv of lho Iinn lovards
vou (Muhammad) lo Iislon lo lho Our'an, lhon
vhon lhov allondod (a Our'anic rocilalion) lhov said
lo oach olhor, Bo siIonl, and vhon il vas ovor,
lhov lurnod bacI lo lhoir poopIo in varning and
said, Our poopIo, indood vo havo Iislonod lo lho
rocilalion of a BooI rovoaIod aflor Musa. Il
confirms lho BooIs rovoaIod boforo and guidos lo
lho Trulh and lho Righl Ialh. O our poopIo!
Rospond favourabIv lo lho ono (Muhammad) vho
invilos poopIo lo AIIah and boIiovo in Him. Ho viII
forgivo vour sins and roscuo vou from lho painfuI
lormonl.
3

1. Tho Irophol Muhammad (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his
famiIv) vas lravoIing from MaIIah lo lho IIadh marIol in 1aif so
as lo invilo lho lhrongs of poopIo vho usod lo fIocI lhoro inlo lho
foId of IsIam. Hovovor al lhis galhoring, nono of lhoso prosonl
accoplod his invilalion.

On his vav bacI, lho Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his
famiIv) roachod a pIaco vhich vas roforrod lo as lho VaIIov of lho
Iinn. Ho slavod lhoro for lho ovoning and vas absorbod in lho
rocilalion of lho HoIv Our'an. A group of Iinn, vho voro prosonl
and Iisloning lo him, immodialoIv accoplod lho failh of IsIam. Aflor
lhis, lhov rolurnod lo lhoir ovn group lo sproad and propagalo lho
loachings vhich lhov had accoplod.
4

2. Ibn Abbas (mav AIIah bo pIoasod vilh him) roIalos lhal, Tho
Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) vas busv in
lho rocilalion of SaIal aI-Fajr in vhich ho vas roading (a Surah) of
17
lho HoIv Our'an. A group of lho Iinn vho voro invosligaling inlo
vhv lhoir fIov of informalion vhich lhov usod lo rocoivo from lho
Hoavons had boon sloppod, happonod lo hoar Muhammad (pravors
of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) rociling lho Our'an. Thov said
lo oach olhor, 'Tho roason for lho haIl in lho lransmission of
informalion from lho Hoavons is bocauso of lhis. Thov rolurnod lo
lhoir group and procoodod lo invilo lhom inlo lho roIigion of IsIam.
5

3. Aflor lho doalh of Abu 1aIib (mav AIIah bo pIoasod vilh him), lho
rosponsibiIilios lhal roslod on lho shouIdors of lho Irophol of AIIah
(pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) bocamo much moro
difficuIl and lhus ho procoodod lo go lovards lho aroa of lho
Arabian IoninsuIa Inovn as 1aif in hopos of finding somo hoIpors.
Tho nobIo poopIo of 1aif sovoroIv boIiod him and lhrov so manv
rocIs al lho Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv)
lhal bIood vas gushing forlh from his onliro bodv - ovon from lho
bIossod fool of lho Irophol!

Tirod and lroubIod, ho sloppod noar a gardon. Al lhal pIaco, ho
camo across a sorvanl of lho ovnor of lho gardon vhoso namo vas
Adas. This sIavo accoplod lho loachings of IsIam and aflor lhis, lho
Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) conlinuod on
his journov bacI homo lo MaIIah. During lhal nighl, ho arrivod
noar a forosl of lroos and vhiIo busv in aIal, a group of Iinn from
lho aroa of Nasibain or Yomon vho happonod lo bo passing bv lhal
aroa hoard lho rocilalion of lho Our'an of lho Irophol (pravors of
AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) in his aIal aI-Fajr and accoplod
lho loachings of IsIam righl lhoro.
6

Tho samo informalion has boon narralod from a group of
Commonlalors of lho Our'an in rogards lo lho rovoIalion of SuraluI
Iinn, hovovor lhoro aro aIso olhor occasions of rovoIalion in rogards
lo lhis Surah vhich diffor from vhal has jusl boon monlionod.

Occasion of RovoIalion of SuraluI Iinn
1S
Ono such narralion is from AbduIIah ibn Masud (mav AIIah bo
pIoasod vilh him) vhon ho asIod a group of companions, 'Woro
anv of vou companions vilh lho Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon
him and his famiIv) on lho ovoning vhon lho ovonl vilh lho Iinn
looI pIaco` Thov ropIiod lhal nono of lhom voro lhoro vhon lhis
occurronco happonod. Thov conlinuod bv saving lhal on lhal
ovoning, lhov did nol find lho Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon
him and his famiIv) anvvhoro in lho cilv of MaIIah and hovovor
much lhov soarchod, lhov found no lraco of him.

Ipon nol boing abIo lo Iocalo him, lhov voro oxlromoIv vorriod
lhal mavbo lho Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his
famiIv) had boon IiIIod. Thov conlinuod soarching aII lho aroas of
MaIIah vhon aII of a suddon lhov sav him coming lovards lhom
from lho diroclion of lho Cavo of Hira. Thov addrossod lho Irophol
(pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) saving, Whoro voro
vou O Mossongor of AIIah` Wo havo boon vorriod aboul vou, and
bocauso of lhis, Iasl nighl vas ono of lho vorsl nighls of our Iivos.
Tho Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) ropIiod,
Iasl nighl, an invilalion from lho Iinn camo lo mo and lhus, I vonl
lo vhoro lhov Iivo so lo bo abIo lo rocilo lho Our'an lo lhom.
7

19
.. +,. .t
CMMl`TAl\ CF :UlATUl |l``
Vorso 1
' ` ``' ` -'
hoard lhal voriIv lo mo il has boon
rovoaIod
Sav! (O
Muhammad)

. ' `- `
voriIv vo lhal lhov said lho Iinn from
amongsl
a group

- ` `

amazing rocilaI havo hoard
. >' :' ..' ..:.' "..i.. >:' '..:'1.s '..' '..-.. '....' ,..
'...>s
Sav (O Muhammad lo lho poopIo), 'Il has boon rovoaIod lo mo
(from AIIah) lhal a group from amongsl lho Iinn has Iislonod (lo lho
rocilalion of lho Our'an) and (upon rolurning bacI lo lho olhor Iinn)
loId lhom (lho olhor Iinn), 'VoriIv vo hoard an amazing rocilaI.

Wo havo hoard an amazing rocilaI!
In lho firsl vorso of lhis Surah, il is monlionod lhal: Sav (O
Muhammad): Il has boon rovoaIod lo mo lhal a parlv of Iinn has
20
Iislonod (lo lho rocilalion) of lho Our'an and has loId (lhoir poopIo),
'VoriIv vo havo hoard an amazing rocilaI.
S

Tho phraso 'il has boon rovoaIod lo mo shovs lhal lho Irophol
(pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) himsoIf did nol soo
lho Iinn - ralhor, ho vas informod of lhom Iisloning lo lho Our'an
lhrough Divino RovoIalion.

This vorso aIso cIoarIv shovs lhal lho Iinn possoss inloIIigonco,
discornmonl, undorslanding and comprohonsion. Wo can aIso dofor
lhal lhov loo havo a rosponsibiIilv and accounlabiIilv lovards lhoir
Croalor. Nol onIv do lhov undorsland and comprohond spooch and
various Ianguagos and aro abIo lo discorn bolvoon discourso lhal is
a miracIo and lhal vhich is nol, bul lhov aIso roaIizo lhoir ovn
rosponsibiIilv in propagalion and sproading lho Trulh and lhus, aro
addrossod in lho Our'an.

Tho hiddon lrails of lhoso Iiving croaluros (lho Iinn) aro onIv
discornabIo from lhis vorso of lho Our'an. Thoso croalions aIso havo
olhor characlorislics, vhich bv lho povor of AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho), vo viII oxpIain al lho ond of lho discussion of lhis
Surah.

Tho Iinn had a righl lo rogard lho Our'an as a miracIo sinco lho
sound and slvIo of lho Our'an - nol lo monlion lho offocl and povor
lhal il has lhal allracls lho Iislonor - is somolhing lhal is
indoscribabIo. Tho conlonls and povor (of lhis hoavonIv vord) of
lransformalion is somolhing lhal is aIso romarIabIo, and lho facl
lhal lho ono vho broughl il vas ono vho had nol formaIIv sludiod
during his onliro Iifo and vas ono vho Iivod amongsl lho IIIiloralos
is aIso somolhing lo pondor upon.

Il is a spooch lhal bolh in ils apparonl roadings and ils hiddon
moanings, is compIoloIv difforonl lhan anv olhor spooch, and
21
bocauso of lhis, lho Iinn hoId firm lo lho boIiof of lho miracuIous
naluro of lho Our'an.

23
Vorso 2
' `' .`.
in il so lhon vo
havo
boIiovod
lho righl
(palh)
lo Thal guidos

-' ` `' `
anvono or
anvlhing
vilh our
Iord
vo join (in
vorship)
novor shaII and
... :' .... .:' '.'...s .. : ..:. '...... '.>' '

(This Our'an vhich vo hoard) guidos (poopIo) lo lho righl palh, so
lhon vo havo boIiovod in il and vo shaII novor join in vorship
anvono or anvlhing vilh our Iord (AIIah).

Tho firsl lhing lhal lho Iinn said vas lhal lhis Our'an vas a booI
lhal guidos lo lho righl vav, lhoroforo, lhov boIiovod in ils conlonls
and said lhov shaII novor join (in vorship) vilh lhoir Iord, anv
olhor gods.

Tho moaning of lho vord ' . or 'lho righl palh is ono lhal has a
vasl, comprohonsivo moaning lhal convovs anv palh lhal ono goos
upon lhal is compIoloIv puro and cIoan (of spiriluaI impurilios). Il
is a palh vhich is aIso froo of aII lurns and bonds: ono lhal is
obvious and manifosl lhal vouId Ioad lho vavfaror on lho palh lo
compIolo and absoIulo salisfaclion.

Aflor lhis phraso, lho Iinn had olhor lhings lo sav lo lhoir
communilv vhich lho Our'an monlions in lho foIIoving 12 vorsos,
24
oach slarling vilh lho 'Arabic pronoun ' ' . vhich is usod for
omphasis.
9


25
Vorso 3
` '- ``'
our Iord undoublodIv gIorv bo lo
Him
voriIv And

. . - ' -`
has nol
(laIon)
and a consorl laIon has nol

a son
....' L.-. .> '.... ' .>.' .>.. `, '.:

And voriIv Ho (Our Iord - AIIah) gIorv bo lo Him has nol laIon a
consorl or a son (for HimsoIf).

Aflor oxprossing lhoir compIolo boIiof in AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho) and nogaling aII forms of poIvlhoism, lho Iinn
conlinuod lhoir spooch bv docIaring lho characlorislics of AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho). Thov said lhal Ho - oxaIlod bo lho
majoslv of lho Iord (from comparing Him and His croalions and
from aII sorls of dofocls and fauIls) has novor laIon a
companion/spouso, or a son.

Tho vord ' has manv moanings incIuding: groalnoss, forco,
unquoslionabiIilv, sharo, porlion or somolhing lhal is nov, among
olhor moanings. Hovovor, ils originaI rool moaning, as Raghib in
his booI aI-Mufradal monlions is lhal of boing cul off, sinco anv
26
croalion lhal has anv sorl of groalnoss or majoslv is aIvavs
indopondonl of anv olhor lhing. In lhis vorso, lhis vord has como
in lho moaning of groalnoss: hovovor as for lho olhor moanings of
lhis vord, vo can aIso appIv lhom lo lhis vorso.

In Arabic, lho grandfalhor is aIso roforrod lo as ' bocauso of lho
groal slalion (amongsl lho famiIv mombors) lhal ho hoIds or duo lo
his ago.

Somo of lho commonlalors of lho Our'an havo monlionod a much
moro finilo and roslriclod moaning of lhis vord and havo laIon il lo
bo an allribulo: olhors havo laIon il lo moan povor: vhiIo olhors
undorsland il lo moan maslorship and sovoroignlv. SliII olhor
commonlalors havo said il rofors lo a bIossing: vhiIo lho Iasl group
fooIs lhal il is in lho moaning of a namo aIlhough aII lhoso
moanings aro conlainod in lho moaning of groalnoss.

In anv caso, lho moaning of lhis vord is jusl as is commonIv hoId
and lhal is boing lho grand falhor. In somo of lho ahadilh il has
boon monlionod lhal vilhoul InovIodgo, a group of lho Iinn usod
lhis inapproprialo vord, moaning lhal lhov voro lrving lo oxpross
lhal no ono shouId novor uso such a vord lo rofor lo AIIah.
10

Il is possibIo lhal lhis lvpo of spooch vouId bo accuralo vhoro such
an associalion of boIiofs is laIing pIaco, hovovor, lho Our'an
concurs vilh lho spooch of lho Iinn in lhis vorso and agroos vilh ils
corroclnoss. AIso, in somo of lho spoochos conlainod in NahjuI
BaIagha, vo soo lhal lhis vord is usod as voII.

In spooch 191, Amir aI-Mo'minin AIi ibn Abi 1aIib (poaco bo upon
him) is quolod as saving:

``- ' ' ```- ,- ' ``.``- ..
' `'- ` .
27
AII praiso boIongs lo AIIah vho has sproad His
praiso lhroughoul His croalion and vhoso armv is
viclorious and vho is lho Highosl ovor His
Groalnoss.

In anolhor hadilh il has boon monlionod lhal Anas ibn MaIiI said:

. ' `.` ' `-` ' `,` '-
Whonovor a porson vouId road SuraluI Baqarah,
ho vouId bo soon as groal in our ovos.
11

In anv caso, lho uso of lhis vord in lho moaning of groalnoss and
majoslv is somolhing lhal is in Iino vilh vhal has boon monlionod
in lho diclionarios and aIso in ils praclicaI appIicalion.

Il is inlorosling lo nolo lhal al lhis poinl, lhoso spoaIing lhoso vords
- lho Iinn - havo pIacod spociaI omphasis on lho issuo lhal AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) has noilhor a spouso nor anv chiId. Il
is possibIo lhal lhis porlains lo lho corrupl boIiofs lhal voro
provaIonl amongsl lho Arabs vho boIiovod lhal lho AngIos voro
lho daughlors of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and lhal Ho
had laIon a Iinn as His spouso!

This hvpolhosis is subslanlialod bv lho conlonls of SurahluI Saffal,
vorso 15S:

`, ``, .- ' `-
Thov havo said lhal lhoro is a roIalionship bolvoon
Him and lho Iinn.

29
Vorso 4
` ., .. . ``'
lho fooIish
ono amongsl
us (Shaitan)
boon loIIing had voriIv And

== '

confusod Iios AIIah aboul
....' _': _.1. '...i. Ls ' '.LL. '

And voriIv ho (lho dimvillod ono - lho DoviI/Shaitan) among us
has boon loIIing confusod Iios aboul AIIah (in ordor lo lrv and
misguido us).

Tho Iinn lhon conlinuod lhoir spooch bv saving lhal lhov
compIainod lhal lho dimvillod ono (Shaitan) had boon spoaIing
unpIoasanlIv and savings lhings vhich voro far from lho lrulh
aboul AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).

Il is possibIo lhal lho vord ', in lhis vorso couId rofor lo a spocios
or group moaning lhal, 'lho fooIish from amongsl us boIiovod lhal
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) has a spouso and chiIdron and
has choson ono simiIar lo HimsoIf as a parlnor (anolhor god) and
lhus, lhov havo gono aslrav from lho slraighl palh and havo
oxaggoralod lhoir spooch.

Manv commonlalors of lho Our'an havo aIso oxprossod lho
probabiIilv lhal ' ,. is in lho moaning of lhal singIo individuaI -
30
roforring lo IbIis - vho aflor disoboving AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho) allribulod manv lhings unbofilling lo Him. Of courso ho had
disobovod AIIahs (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) command lo
porform proslralion lo dam (poaco bo upon him), an acl vhich ho
lhoughl lo bo somolhing bovond anvonos inloIIigonco (lo bov
dovn lo anolhor croalion) and considorod himsoIf lo bo bollor lhan
dam (poaco bo upon him).

Sinco IbIis vas a Iinn, lhus lho boIiovors from amongsl lho Iinn
disassocialod lhomsoIvos from him and caIIod his spooch
oxaggoraling and confusod Iios ovon lhough apparonlIv, IbIis vas a
vorv InovIodgoabIo porson (Iim) and lho foromosl vorshippor of
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) (bid). Hovovor, ho vas an
Iim vho did nol acl according lo his InovIodgo and vas a
vorshippor vho vorshippod for himsoIf, and bocamo misguidod
and fuII of prido and vanilv lhoso poinls aro aII cIoar from lho
vord ',.

Tho vord ' =. rofors lo somolhing Ioaving ils slalo of baIanco and
oquilv and faIIing far avav (from lhis slalo). Thoroforo anv laII
vhich is far from lho lrulh is roforrod lo in Arabic as '=. Il is aIso
bocauso of lhis lhal in Arabic, lho banIs of a Iargo rivor vhich aro
vorv far avav from lho valor aro roforrod lo as '.


31
Vorso 5
` .' ~ '
novor lhal lhoughl voriIv vo And

' '- ' `. ..
upon Iinn and ManIind vouId sav

'

Iios AIIah
'..' '...L _' : _.1. .`,' >:' Ls ' '....: '

And voriIv vo lhoughl lhal Man or Iinn couId novor loII Iios aboul
AIIah (hovovor, vo aro dofiniloIv vrong).

Conlinuing lhoir spooch, lho Iinn said lhal lhov lhoughl lhal no
man or Iinn couId ovor loII Iios aboul AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is
Ho).

Il is possibIo lhal vhal lhov moanl horo vas lho bIind foIIoving lhal
somo of lhom voro pursuing in roIalion lo lho provious gonoralions
vho boIiovod lhal AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) had parlnors,
vivos and chiIdron. Thus, lhoso Iinn lhoughl lo lhomsoIvos, 'If vo
accopl lhoso nolions from lhoso vho camo boforo us vilhoul having
anv proof bocauso vo vanl lo havo good lhoughls aboul lhoso vho
camo boforo us (lhal lhov vouId nol Iio), vo couId novor imagino
lhal ManIind and Iinn vouId ovor havo lho audacilv lo allribulo
such grand Iios lo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)!
32
Thov conlinuod on vilh lhoir lhoughls and said lo lhomsoIvos,
'nov lhal vo havo roachod lo a IovoI of boing abIo lo conducl
rosoarch and havo arrivod lo lho lrulh and accoplod il, vo soo lho
orror in foIIoving lho provious gonoralions and lhus, vo lurn avav
from our ovn mislaIo and lho misguidodnoss of lho poIvlhoisls
from among lho Iinn.

33
N<
` - . ``'
from among mon voro voriIv And

' ` - ` - . ..` ' `.
lho Iinn from
amongsl
from mon vouId sooI
rofugo
manIind

`.``

lhoir
insurgonls
and lhis
incroasod
lhom (lho
Iinns) in
....' _': "_'> .`,' _:.-. _'>.. >:' .>:'..s '..1> '
And voriIv mon from among human boings vouId sooI rofugo
vilh mon from among lho Iinn and lhis incroasod lho roboIIiousnoss
of lhoso Iinn.

Tho Iinn said lhal anolhor vav lhal lho Iinn and ManIind voro
misguidod vas lhal mon from among lho humans vouId sooI
rofugo vilh mon from among lho Iinn, and lhis acl Ioad lo an
incroaso in lho misguidanco, sins and insurgonco of lho Iinn.

Tho originaI moaning of lho vord '!" is lo covor somolhing vilh
angor, vioIonco and viclorv and sinco oviIs such as misguidanco,
sins, roboIIion, and foar laIo compIolo conlroI ovor lho hoarl and
souI of a porson, lhus, lhis vord is oxpIainod as such.
34
A group of commonlalors of lho Our'an havo said lhal lhis vorso
rofors lo olhor suporslilions vhich oxislod during lho poriod of
Ignoranco. Ono such suporslilion vas lhal vhonovor a group of
Arabs vouId onlor inlo a vaIIov in lho ovoning, lhov vouId sav:

.`' ' . .` ` ` . `. .
I sooI rofugo from lho groal ono of lhis vaIIov from
lho oviI of lho chiof of his (Shaitan) lribo.
12

And bv saving lhis, lhov foIl lhal lho Iargo or main Iinn vouId bo
proloclod from lho oviIs of lho smaIIor (in povor) Iinn.

Sinco lho various corrupl idoas vouId Ioad lo a poIIulion of onos
lhoughls and lho foar of boing misguidod, lhus al lho ond of lho
vorso il is monlionod lhal, lhis incroasod lho Iinn in lhoir
insurgonco.

From lhis vorso, vo can doduco lhal lho Iinn loo aro aIso dividod
inlo maIo and fomaIo sinco lho vords usod in lhis vorso aro mon
13

In anv caso, lho moaning of lhis vorso is vasl and incIudos poopIo
from among manIind sooIing rofugo of anv lvpo from poopIo of lho
Iinn and lho various corrupl idoas lhal havo boon monlionod abovo
aro jusl a sampIo of lho aduIloralod lhoughls.

Wo Inov lhal among lho Arabs, lhoro voro manv soolhsavors and
oracIos vho lruIv boIiovod lhal lhrough lho Iinn manv probIoms
couId bo soIvod and informalion on ovonls lhal vouId occur in lho
fuluro couId bo foroloId.

35
Vorso 7
`.`~ .'~ `.`.`'
vou aII
lhoughl
jusl as lhoughl voriIv lhov and

-' ' ` .` ` .'
a singIo
porson
AIIah raiso up novor vouId lhal
...' '..L '.: .:...L _' : ,-.. ' '.>'

And voriIv lhov (lhoso poopIo) lhoughl jusl as vou aII lhoughl lhal
AIIah vouId novor bring raiso up a singIo porson (as a Mossongor).

In lho pasl, vo usod lo sloaI a Iisloning
from lho hoavons, hovovor nov.

Tho Iinn slarl oul bv saving lhal a group of humans lhoughl, jusl as
lhov lhoughl, lhal aflor lhom (Irophols Musa and Isa), AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) vouId nol appoinl anolhor Irophol.

Thov disboIiovod in lho Our'an and lho raising of lho finaI Irophol
Muhammad (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv),
hovovor vhon lho Iinn Iislonod vilh allonlion lo lho hoavonIv
vorsos of lhis booI, lho lrulh of lhoso vords vas mado cIoar lo
lhom. Hovovor, lho disboIiovors from among lho Iinn aro jusl IiIo
lho poIvlhoisls from among manIind, vho havo choson lho palh of
disboIiof and aro bound lo mool lho samo falo as lhov viII!

36
This spooch is a varning lo lho poIvlhoisls lhal lhov shouId Inov
lhal vhon lho Iinn havo such a boIiof and judgmonl, lhov shouId
vaIo up and jusl IiIo lho Iinn, hoId firm lo and havo boIiof in lho
Our'an and lho NobIo Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and
his famiIv).

Somo commonlalors havo suggoslod lhal lho phraso ' .-' = .` ` .'
or lhal 'AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) vouId novor appoinl
anvono rofors lo lho doniaI of lho Rosurroclion and nol lho doniaI of
lho sonding of Irophols.

Olhors havo said lhal vilhoul doubl, lhis vorso and lho provious
vorso conslilulo lho spooch of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
and nol lhal of lho boIioving Iinn and lhoso vorsos havo boon pIacod
vilhin lhoir spooch as a form of inlorrogalion and lhal lho poopIo
boing addrossod in lhoso lvo vorsos aro acluaIIv lho poIvlhoisls
from among lho Arabs.

According lo lhis oxpIanalion, lho vorso undor discussion couId bo
lransIalod as foIIovs lhal O poIvlhoisls from among lho Arabs!
You had lho samo boIiof jusl IiIo lho Iinn had lhal AIIah vouId
novor appoinl a Mossongor, hovovor, aflor hoaring lho Our'an, vo
roaIizo our mislaIo and lho limo has nov como for vou loo lo
roaIizo vour mislaIo.

Hovovor il is highIv unIiIoIv lhal lhis is lho lruo oxpIanalion. Thus
apparonlIv, lhis spooch is a conlinualion of lho boIiovors among lho
Iinn and lhoso vhom lhov aro spoaIing lo aro nono olhor lhan lho
disboIiovors from among lho Iinn.


37
Vorso S
`-. ' ` . ` '
hovovor, vo
found in
lhom
lho hoavons vo soarchod voriIv and

`.` - `.`
missiIos slrong prolocling vailing (for

us)
'..' '....: , '..:' '....>..s ,.L '....> '.... '....

And voriIv vo soarchod lho hoavons hovovor vo found in lhom,
slrong prolocling missiIos vailing for us.

Aflor lhis lho boIiovors from among lho Iinn spoaI aboul ono of lho
signs of lrulh in lhoir spooch lhal aII olhor Iinn vouId bo abIo lo
discorn for lhomsoIvos, bv IooIing al lho naluraI vorId. Thov said
lhal lhov had boon soarching lhrough lho hoavons and found lhom
fuII of slrong proloclors, guardians and missiIos.
14

39
Vorso 9
.` ` ` '
noar bv sil vo usod lo voriIv and

' .. ` ` ``
from nov on vouId Iislon lhon
vhoovor
lo Iislon in a pIaco

.` . ` `-
(and) a
fIaming firo.
missiIos for him ho vouId
find vailing
'..' '..: .-.1.. '. .-.1 ..L: ..s ...:.. _``,' .>. .: '...'.
'.. '
And voriIv vo usod lo sil noar bv and lrv lo Iislon (lo lho novs
coming from lho hoavons), bul shooling missiIos nov avail lhoso
vho lrv lo do lhal.

Conlinuing vilh lho convorsalion of lho Iinn, lhov monlionod lhal
unliI nov, lhov usod lo sil in lho hoavons and sloaI a Iislon of lho
novs lhal vas occurring (in lho univorso) vhich lhov vouId lhon
convov lo lhoir frionds. Hovovor, nov vhoovor lrios lo go lo lho
hoavons and sloaI a Iislon aro mol vilh missiIos vhich aro aimod
diroclIv al lhom!

Doos lhis nov slalo of affairs nol poinl lo lho facl lhal vilh lho
coming of lho HoIv Irophol and lho rovoIalion of a HoavonIv BooI,
40
lhal a compIolo uphoavaI has laIo pIaco in lho vorId` Whv is il
lhal in lho pasl lho Iinn voro abIo lo sloaI a Iislon from lho hoavons,
hovovor nono of lhom possoss lhis abiIilv nov`

Doos lhis vorso nol havo a vidor moaning lhal lho provious ago of
oviI vorIs, oId ago and lricIorv havo como lo a cIoso` Has nol lho
poriod of monlaI darInoss and ignoranco ondod and in ils pIaco, lho
sun of InovIodgo, rovoIalion and Iropholhood has rison`

Tho originaI moaning of lho vord ' `... is a fIamo lhal shools oul
from lho firo. AIso, lho oIongalod fIamos of firo lhal aro visibIo in
lho hoavons lhal shool oul and aro soon bv us aro aIso roforrod lo in
Arabic as '...

In accordanco vilh lho rosoarchors of lodav, lhoso 'fIamos aro
acluaIIv smaII piocos of rocI lhal havo boon moving and vhon lhov
como cIoso lo lho Earlh, lhov bocomo undor lho infIuonco of lho
gravilalionaI puII of lho pIanol and faII lo lho Earlh al a high
voIocilv. Whon lhov onlor inlo lho almosphoro, lho puII of gravilv
of lho Earlh drags lhom faslor vhich rosuIls in lhom bocoming
hollor and lhus lhov rosombIo lho fIamos of firo. In lho ond, lhov
como dovn lo lho ground and lurn inlo ashos.

In lhoso vorsos of lho NobIo Our'an, il rofors lo lho naluraI
phonomona lhal lhoso shooling fIamos aro acluaIIv missiIos vhich
aro aimod lovards lho Shaiatin vho aro lrving lo sloaI a Iislon from
lho hoavons. Thus vo musl asI lho quoslion lhal: vhal doos il
moan lo sloaI a Iislon from lho hoavons` Hov is il possibIo for lho
Shaiatin (DoviIs) and lho Iinn lo run avav from lho hoavons bocauso
of lhoso Divino missiIos lhal aro boing shol al lhom`

A compIolo, dolaiIod doscriplion of lhis can bo found in our
discussion on SuraluI Hijr, vorso 1S (VoIumo 11, Iago 40 of Tafsir
Namuna in Farsi) and SurahluI Saffal, vorso 10 (VoIumo 19, pago 15
of Tafsir Namuna in Farsi).

41
Tho vord ' .. is in lho moaning of proparing for somolhing vhiIo
ono is in lho slalo of vailing. This vord aIso comos in lho moaning
of lho vorbaI namo moaning lho porson or lhing lhal is vailing, and
lhis is lho moaning lhal is convovod in lhis vorso.


43
N2C
2V . '
oviI Inov if do nol voriIv vo and

` ' ' `. ` '
or lho Earlh in lo lhoso vho
aro
is inlondod

`.`.' ` .. '
guidanco lhoir Iord for lhom If Ho inlonds
'..' `, _... ..' .. ' .. _ `,' .' :'' .. ... '..

And voriIv vo do nol Inov if Ho inlonds oviI lo lhoso vho aro in
lho Earlh or if lhoir Iord inlonds guidanco for lhom.

Conlinuing in lhoir laII, lho Iinn monlionod lhal vilh lho nov slalo
of affairs lhal had laIon pIaco, lhov did nol Inov if lho prohibilion
of sloaIing a Iislon from lho hoavons vas a proIudo lo somolhing
bad lhal vas going lo bo infIiclod on lho poopIo of lho Earlh or if
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) had inlondod lo guido lho
poopIo.

In olhor vords, lho Iinn did nol Inov if lhis vas a Ioad up lo lho
sonding dovn of punishmonl and lriaIs from AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho) or if il vas lho proIoguo lo guidanco`

Hovovor, lho boIiovors from among lho Iinn undorsland lhal lhom
boing provonlod from sloaIing a Iislon from lho hoavons - vhich
44
vas around lho samo limo as lho raising up of lho Irophol of IsIam
(pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) and lho culling off of
lhoir soolhsaving or forluno loIIing and olhor lhings lhal occurrod,
vas acluaIIv lho shulling of lho doors of lho poriod of darInoss and
ignoranco and lho horaIding in of lho poriod of divino Iighl (nur)
and guidanco for manIind.

Hovovor as vo soo lhal lho Iinn had a spociaI inlorosl and Iovo in
sloaIing a Iislon from lho hoavons, and lhus lhov couId nol boIiovo
lhal bv lhom boing provonlod from lhis acl, lhoro couId bo a sign of
goodnoss and bIossings (for humanilv).

Il is inlorosling lo nolo lhal in lhis vorso, lho issuo of guidanco of
manIind is allribulod lo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho),
hovovor lho door or 'guido lo oviI and vicIodnoss is Iopl
unInovn and is nol allribulod lo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is
Ho). This confirms lho facl lhal vhalovor comos from AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) is good and ils uIlimalo purposo is
guidanco, vhoroas oviI and corruplion aII slom from manIind and
lho lransgrossion of lho bIossings lhal AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho) has gracod lhom vilh.

AIlhough il is Inovn lhal lho opposilo of ' . or oviI in Arabic is
' `.- or good, hovovor sinco in lhis vorso lho moaning of good is
guidanco, lhus vo havo laIon lhis moaning in our oxpIanalion.


45
Vorso 11
' . ..`- '
and aro righloous amongsl us voriIv and

~ , : .`
palhs voriIv aII of
us
lhan lhis
(righloous)
aro olhor (aIso)
amongsl us

aro on
difforonl
'..' '. _.>L ..:' '. _: :: '..: ..'.L ':.

And among us, corlainIv somo of us aro righloous and olhors aro
nol. VoriIv, aII of us aro foIIoving difforonl palhs.

Wo havo hoard lho lrulh and havo submillod (lo il)

In lhis vorso, vhich is lho firsl vorso lhal is lho dirocl spooch of lho
Iinn, lhov sav lhal among lhomsoIvos lhoro aro lhoso lhal porform
righloous acls and olhors vho do nol and lhal lhov loo aro dividod
inlo various groups and faclions.

Il is possibIo lhal lho Iinn monlionod lhis in lho boginning of lhoir
spooch, sinco IbIis is ono of lho Iinn and lhis lhoughl mav havo
como inlo lho minds of olhors - lhal lho naluraI disposilion of lho
Iinn is lhal lhov commil oviI, vicIod doods. IoopIo mav havo
46
lhoughl lhal il is nol possibIo for lho Iighl of Divino Guidanco (Nur)
lo ovor onlor inlo lhoir hoarls.

Bv lho boIiovors from among lho Iinn saving lhis, lhov maIo il cIoar
lo olhors lhal lhov loo havo lho froodom and choico lo maIo lhoir
ovn docisions and lhal in lhoir midsl loo aro lhoso vho porform
righloous doods and lhoso lhal aro vicIod.

This spooch Iavs dovn lho groundvorI for lhoso Iinn vho vish lo
bo guidod. As il is Inovn lhal ono of lho vavs in vhich
propagalion of lho failh or boIiofs is bound lo havo an impacl on
olhors is vhon a porson allribulos porsonaIilv or characlor lo lho
olhor parlv and Iols lhom Inov lhal lhov loo havo lho polonliaI lo
bo guidod and roach lo a IovoI of porfoclion in lhoir Iivos.

This possibiIilv aIso oxisls lhal lho boIiovors from among lho Iinn
spoIo lhis sinco al lhal poinl in limo, lhov voro provonlod from
sloaIing a Iislon from lho hoavons. Thus, lhov said vhal lhov moanl
lhal ovon lhough a group of lho Iinn usod lo sloaI informalion from
lho hoavons and lhon prosonl il lo lhoso oviI poopIo on Earlh in
ordor lo misguido lhom, hovovor, nol aII of lho Iinn voro IiIo lhis.

This vorso aIso amonds lho incorrocl nolions lhal poopIo mav havo
in lhoir minds concorning lhom, lhal lho vord Iinn is aIvavs
associalod vilh Shaitan, corruplion, oviI, and misguidodnoss. This
vorso loIIs us lhal lho Iinn loo aro broIon up inlo various calogorios
- righloous and non-righloous.

Tho vord ' is lho pIuraI of lho vord '` and moans anvlhing lhal
is cul off - and vhonovor a group or faclion of poopIo broaI aparl
from lho rosl of lho group or majorilv, lhov aro roforrod lo vilh lhis
vord.


47
Vorso 12
` .' ~ '
novor couId lhoughl lhal
vo
voriIv vo and

' `. ' -'
and lho Earlh (vholhor) in AIIah chaIIongo

`-`' `

oIsovhoro if vo fIod vo couId nol
(chaIIongo
Him)

'..' '...L _' : .>- . ' _ `,' : .:.>-. '....> '
And voriIv vo lhoughl lhal vo couId novor chaIIongo AIIah
vholhor vo slavod on lho Earlh if vo fIod oIsovhoro.

Tho Iinn conlinuo lhoir spooch bv varning lhoir comrados bv saving
lhal corlainIv, lhov couId novor bo viclorious ovor lho inlonlion and
pIan of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) on lho Earlh, nor couId
lhov havo anv aulhorilv ovor lho povor of AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho).

Thus, if lhov lhoughl lhal lhov couId run avav from lho
punishmonl of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) bv hiding in lho
cornors of lho Earlh or somovhoro in lho hoavons, lhon lhov voro in
manifosl orror!
4S
Thus, lho firsl sonlonco of lhis vorso rofors lo running avav or
hiding from lho povor of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) on lho
Earlh, vhiIo lho socond sonlonco rofors lo running avav from lho
povor of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) in gonoraI - vholhor il
bo on lho Earlh or in lho Hoavons.

Thoro is aIso anolhor possibiIilv lhal can bo oxlraclod from lhis
vorso and lhal is lhal lho firsl parl rofors lo lho facl lhal lho Iinn
vouId novor bo viclorious ovor AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho),
vhiIo lho socond haIf of lho vorso rofors lo lho facl lhal lhov vouId
novor bo abIo lo havo aulhorilv ovor His juslico (AdaIah).

Thoroforo, vhon ono soos lhal il is nol possibIo lo run avav from
lho povor of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho), nor is lhoro
anvvav lo havo aulhorilv or povor ovor His juslico, lhon, lhoro is
no olhor oplion Iofl for anvono oxcopl lo submil lo His commands
and His juslico compIoloIv.

49
Vorso 13
' .`. ` '
lo lho
guidanco
(Our'an)
Iislonod havo suroIv voriIv vo and

` ``.` `
in his Iord boIiovos And
vhoovor
in il (and) vo
boIiovo

. `- - `
nol (foar) and Ioss foar viII nol

[$ \.

opprossion.

'..' '.: '..-.. ..:' '.', .. ..s . ....... ..s '>.. '...
`, '..1>
And voriIv vo havo suroIv Iislonod lo lho guidanco (of lho Our'an)
and so vo boIiovo in il. And vhoovor boIiovos in his Iord viII nol
foar Ioss or opprossion.

Tho boIiovors from among lho Iinn conlinuod lhoir laII bv slaling
lhal lhov Iislonod lo lho guidanco lhal has como from lho HoIv
Our'an and havo boIiovod vhoIohoarlodIv in il. If lhov aro inviling
olhors lo lho lrulh of lho Our'an, lhon lhoso vho aro boing invilod
50
shouId rosl assurod lhal lho Iinn vho havo aIroadv accoplod il aro
aIso praclicing il. Was lhis nol lho caso, lhov vouId nol bo caIIing
olhors lo boIiovo and acl in lho vav lhov aro unliI lhov lhomsoIvos
boIiovo and acl upon il.

Tho Iinn lhon summarizo - in ono shorl sonlonco - lho bonofil of
boIioving in lho Our'an and ils conlonls bv slaling lhal vhosoovor
boIiovos in lhoir Iord viII novor foar anv sorl of Ioss or opprossion.

Tho vord '78 rofors lo anv Iind of Ioss lhal vouId como aboul
lhrough dospolism or porsoculion vhiIo lho vord '!" jusl as vas
proviousIv monlionod, rofors lo covoring or concoaIing somolhing
bv forco.

Olhor schoIars havo monlionod lho difforonco bolvoon lhoso lvo
vords as boing: lho vord '78 moans somolhing lhal is good or
uprighl vhich viII novor bo laIon avav, vhoroas lho vord '!"
moans somolhing lhal is bad or oviI vhich viII novor havo anvlhing
addod lo il.

As voII, olhor schoIars havo monlionod lhal '78 rofors lo no
roduclion in lho good doods, vhoroas '!" rofors lo a difficuIl
rosponsibiIilv.

In anv caso, lho ovoraII moaning of lhis vorso is lhal no mallor hov
Iargo or smaII lho acl lhal a boIiovor porforms, ho is guaranlood lo
rocoivo his rovard for lho acl vilh no roduclion or docroaso in ils
componsalion.

Il musl bo monlionod lhal lho Iuslico of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho) is nol Iimilod lo onIv lho boIiovors, hovovor, sinco non-
boIiovors do nol havo anv righloous aclions on lhoir dood of
rocords, lhus, lhoro is no monlion for lho rovard of lhoir acls.

51
Vorso 14
' ..` `` '
and aro MusIims among us voriIv And

` ' : .`' ` ' .. =
lhon voriIv il
is lhov
submils so lhon
vhosoovor
aro lhoso
vho havo
dovialod
from lho
lrulh
among us

`- `

lho righl
guidanco
vho havo
foIIovod
'..' '. _..L..:' '. _.L...1:' ..s .L..' ......:'.s ' .>.
'.. '
And voriIv among us aro MusIims and among us aro lhoso vho
havo dovialod from lho Trulh. So lhon vhosoovor submils (lo AIIah)
lhon voriIv il is lhov vho havo foIIovod lho righl guidanco.

In lhis vorso, as an addod oxpIanalion, lho discussion focusos on lho
ovonluaI ond of bolh lho boIiovors and disboIiovors, bv slaling lhal
bv vav of lho guidanco conlainod in lho Our'an, from among lho
Iinn, lhoro aro lhoso vho submil and olhors vho aro opprossors.
15

52
Hovovor, as for lhoso vho accopl IsIam (submission lo AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)), voriIv lhov havo choson lho propor
palh and sinco lhov havo laIon slops lovards guidanco, lho rovard
of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) is for lhom.
16
53
Vorso 15
.`.- .` ' ..= '
for lho hoII
firo
lhov shaII bo as for lho
dovialors
from lho
lrulh
hovovor and

=-

fuoI
'' _.L. .1:' '...'.s ..>: '....L> '

And hovovor, as for lho dovialors from lho Trulh, lhov shaII bo
lho fuoI for hoII.

Hovovor, as for lho opprossors, lhov viII bo lho fuoI for
lho hoII firo!

Il is imporlanl lo nolo lhal in lhoso vorsos, lho vord ' .. or ono
vho has submillod is usod, as lho opposilo of ' .~ or an opprossor
vhich poinls lo lho facl lhal lho lhing vhich laIos a porson oul of
boing an opprossor is lruo failh. Olhorviso, an individuaI vilhoul
failh viII aIvavs romain spiriluaIIv poIIulod as an opprossor and
lvranl.

AIso, lhis vorso shovs lhal lho lruo boIiovor is lhal porson vho has
novor boon an opprossor or lvranl, jusl as lho hadilh from lho NobIo
Irophol of IsIam (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv)
slalos:
54
` ` ``.`' ' ` ...`' `..`' . .
Tho lruo boIiovor is ono vilh vhom olhor poopIos
Iivos and voaIlh aro proloclod.
17

In anolhor hadilh from lho Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon him
and his famiIv) il is monlionod lhal:

. ` `.``' ' ` ..``` .
Tho MusIim is ono vhom olhor MusIims aro
proloclod from his longuo and his hand (vorbaI or
phvsicaI assauIl).
1S

Tho phraso usod in lhis vorso ' . .- poinls lo lho facl lhal lho
boIiovors, lhrough paving allonlion, Iooping a lruo inlonlion and
lhrough rosoarch and invosligalion viII como lovards guidanco.
Truo guidanco can novor bo broughl aboul lhrough soaIod ovos,
bIind foIIoving and accoplanco, lhus lho groalosl rovard lhal lhov
viII rocoivo is allaining or roaching lo lho lrulh, undor vhich aII lho
olhor bounlios and pIoasuros of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
viII bo granlod.

Hovovor, lho vorsl of silualions and prodicamonls for lho
opprossors is lhal lhov viII bo lho fuoI for lho hoII firo, moaning lhal
lho firo of hoII viII bo slirrod up vilh lhom!


55
Vorso 16
' = ' ` .` .'
lhoir roIigion
(aI-IsIam)
upon romainod
sloadfasl
had lhov
(Iinn and
ManIind)
And

. `,`' .`
lo drinI in
abundanco
valor vo vouId
corlainIv
havo givon
lhom

.:' '...1.:.' Ls 1..L:' ......1.`, ,' '....s '
And had lhov (lho Iinn and ManIind) romainod sloadfasl in lhoir
roIigion (of aI-IsIam), Wo vouId corlainIv havo givon lhom
abundanl valor lo drinI.

You viII bo Toslod vilh CounlIoss BIossings!

ApparonlIv, lho foIIoving four vorsos aro a conlinualion of lho
spooch of lho boIioving Iinn among lhoir ovn group (ovon lhough a
group of Commonlalors of lho Our'an boIiovo lhoso vorsos lo bo lho
dirocl spooch of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) insorlod in
bolvoon lho spooch of lho Iinn).

Hovovor, if vo rogard lhoso vorsos as boing lho spooch of AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) insorlod in bolvoon lho spooch of lho
Iinn, lhon lhis dofiniloIv goos againsl lho apparonl roading of lho
vorsos. Sinco lho vording in lhoso vorsos boars cIosor sombIanco lo
56
lho spooch of lho provious vorsos vhich voro lho spooch of lho Iinn,
lhus, il is impossibIo for us lo considor lhoso as nol boing lho vords
of lho Iinn as voII.
19

In anv caso, lho provious vorsos voro in roforonco lo lho rovards
lhal lho boIiovors vouId rocoivo in lho noxl Iifo, hovovor in lhis
soclion, lho vorsos laII aboul lho bonofils and rovards lhal viII bo
gainod in lhis vorv vorId.

Tho shovoring of Morcv vouId havo boon conforrod upon lhoso
poopIo and lho founlainhoads and springs of lho Iifo-giving valor
vouId havo boon pIacod al lhoir disposaI.

Il is Inovn lhal in lhoso pIacos vhoro valor is in abundanco,
ovorvlhing oIso is aIso in abundanco, and lhus, lhrough lhoir boIiof,
lho various bIossings of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) vouId
bo pIacod al lho disposaI of lho Iinn.

Tho vord 'AB monlionod in lhis vorso moans a Iargo suppIv of
valor. This is nol lho firsl limo in lho NobIo Our'an lhal lhis issuo
has boon omphasizod, lhal nol onIv aro bolh failh and piolv (laqva)
lvo lrails lhal Ioad lo spiriluaI bonofils, bul ralhor lhoso aro aIso lho
sourco of aII maloriaI bonofils in lhis vorId and lho incroaso in
bIossings from AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).

This bIossing can aIso bo soon in various vorsos of lho Our'an such
as Surah Nuh, vorsos 10 lo12:

`. ' `` . ` `` `.` . . ``
' ` . . `` .`, `` . .`' `.` . .
`- - `. `- . .`' `.
.And ho (Irophol Nuh) loId lhom, 'AsI
forgivonoss from vour Iord: Ho is AII-Forgiving.
57
Ho viII sond vou abundanl rain from lho sIv,
slronglhon vou bv (providing) vou vilh voaIlh and
chiIdron, and maIo gardons and slroams for vou.

Il is imporlanl lo nolo lhal according lo vhal is monlionod in lhis
vorso, lhal vhich Ioads lo an incroaso in bIossings and favours from
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) is having firm, conlinuod boIiof
and nol jusl simpIv boIioving sinco failh lhal is lomporarv or
lransionl has no vaIuo and doos nol guaranloo lho bIossings from
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho). Whal is imporlanl is lo havo
firm, conlinuod un-vavoring boIiof - somolhing lhal manv poopIo
find difficuIl lo hoId on lo.

59
Vorso 17
``` , `.`.
lurns avav vhoovor and vilh rospocl
lo il
So lhal Wo
mav lrv lhom

` ` ` `
A
punishmonl
Ho viII maIo
him onlor
inlo
of his Iord lho romindor from

.

affIicling
..:.i..: .s .-. s .:: ... L.. '...'.s '.-.

So lhal Wo mav lrv lhom vilh rospocl lo il: and vhoovor lurns
avav from lho romindor of his Iord, Ho viII maIo him onlor inlo an
affIicling punishmonl.

In lhis vorso, vo aro guidod lo anolhor roaIilv vhon AIIah (GIorifiod
and ExaIlod is Ho) loIIs us lhal lho purposo of boing bIossod vilh
bounliosis a moans lo losl us.

Aro bIossings and bounlios lho roason for us lo bocomo nogIigonl
and forgolfuI of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho), or aro lhov a
moans for us lo vaIoup, lhanI and pav ovon moro allonlion lo
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)`

60
From lhis vorso il is cIoar lhal ono of lho mosl imporlanl losls lhal
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) puls us lhrough is bv giving us
bIossings. Il is aIso inlorosling lo nolo lhal vhon AIIah (GIorifiod
and ExaIlod is Ho) losls us vilh bounlios, lhis losl is acluaIIv moro
difficuIl and hardor lo pass lhan if Ho losls us vilh punishmonls
and hardships.

Il is a parl of human naluro lhal vhon ono is givon bounlios, ho
immodialoIv bocomos ongrossod and drovns himsoIf in lhoso
bIossings and aIIovs his passions and innor dosiros gol lho bosl of
him. Wilhoul doubl, il is lhoso lhings lhal acluaIIv drag us furlhor
avav from AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and aIIov lho pIols
of Shaitan (lho doviI) lo laIo offocl.

Tho onIv porson lhal is abIo lo Ioop avav from lho nogalivo offocls
lhal lho bounlios and bIossings of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is
Ho) havo is lhal porson vho is conlinuousIv in a slalo of
romombranco of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and doos nol
ovor forgol Him, and lhoroforo lhrough lhis acl, lho hoarl of such a
porson is proloclod from lho infIuonco of Shaitan.
20

Thus, aflor lhis, il is monlionod lhal vhoovor lurns avav from lho
romombranco of His Iord viII bo mol vilh a painfuI punishmonl
and oxlondod hardships during his Iifo.

Tho vord monlionod in lho ond of lhis vorso is #(1 vhich is in lho
moaning of oIovaling or boing raisod, and il somolimos comos in lho
moaning of rising smoIo or dusl.

A groal numbor of Commonlalors of lho Our'an havo oIucidalo on
lhis vorso in lhis parlicuIar mannor bv slaling lhal lho moaning is a
punishmonl vhich viII bo vorv difficuIl lo boar. Tho samo lhomo
can bo found in SuraluI Muddalhir, vorso 17 in vhich il viII bo said
lo a group of lho poIvlhoisls:

61
.`. ``'
I viII maIo a dislrossfuI punishmonl ovorlaIo
him.

Hovovor, il is possibIo lhal vhal has boon monlionod abovo mav
acluaIIv bo an oxpIanalion of lho difficuIlios in boaring lho
punishmonl, and rofor lo lho addilion of punishmonls as voII.

Thoroforo, in lho abovo-monlionod vorso, lho lrails of lruo boIiof and
AIIah-consciousnoss aro allribulod lo as boing bIossings from AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho). On lho olhor hand, lho incroaso of
bIossings is allribulod lo boing an incroaso in lho losls lhal AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) puls His sorvanls lhrough. From a
lhird poinl of viov, lhoso vho do nol romombor AIIah (GIorifiod
and ExaIlod is Ho) aro lhroalonod vilh a conlinuod, porpoluaI,
painfuI and griovous punishmonl.

This can aIso bo soon in various vorsos of lho Our'an such as in
Surah 1aha, vorso 124 vhoro vo road:

. , ` ., . ` `' `
And vhoovor forsaIos lho romombranco of Mo
(AIIah) lhon vilhoul doubl such a porson viII havo
a crampod, confinod Iifo.

In SuraluI NamI, vorso 40, AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
monlions lho foIIoving from lho spooch of Irophol SuIavman ibn
Davud (poaco bo upon him):

. ` ` . ` . .`, ' `' ` ' `
This is from lho graco of mv Iord so lhal Ho mav
losl mo - am I gralofuI or I bo ungralofuI.

62
AIso, in SuraluI AnfaI, vorso 2S il is monlionod:

' .`' `..` ' ` .`` `. `
You (aII) shouId Inov lhal vilhoul doubl vour
voaIlh and vour chiIdron aro aII a losl (for vou.)

63
Vorso 1S
' - .'
so lhon do
nol

aro soIoIv
rosorvod for
AIIah
lho Masajid
(pIacos of
Worship)
suroIv And

-' ' .``
anvono
(anvlhing)
oIso
AIIah vilh caII upon
_' .>...:' L: ..s '.s.. ' '.>'

And voriIv lho Masajid (pIacos of vorship) aro soIoIv rosorvod for
AIIah, so lhon do nol caII upon anvono (anvlhing) oIso vilh AIIah.

In lhis vorso, vo road vhal lho Iinn lhomsoIvos said vilh lhoir ovn
longuos vhiIo proaching lo lhoir communilios and inviling lhom lo
lho boIiof of lho Ononoss of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).

Thov informod lhoir foIIovors lhal lho Masajid aII boIong lo AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho), lhoroforo no ono shouId caII upon
anvono vilh AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) (in lhom). Whal is
lho moaning of Masajid in lhis vorso` Various commonlarios havo
boon givon in roIalion lo lhis vord.

Tho firsl boing lhal lho moaning of Masajid is lho acluaI phvsicaI
buiIding in vhich poopIo proslralo lo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho) of vhich, lho mosl porfocl of pIacos lhal lhis is porformod is
lho Masjid aI-Haram and lhon foIIoving lhis sacrod pIaco, aII olhor
64
Masajid in lho vorId. Tho vidor scopo vouId covor aII pIacos
vhoro a porson porforms his aIal and proslralos lo AIIah (GIorifiod
and ExaIlod is Ho).

According lo lho voII-Inovn hadilh of lho Irophol (pravors of
AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv), il is slalod:

`.`- ' .`.~ -` `.
Tho vhoIo Earlh vas mado a pIaco of proslralion
and purifior (lavammum) for mo.
21

Thoroforo, aII lho pIacos on Earlh aro covorod bv lhis vorso.

AccordingIv, lhis vorso is aIso a ropIv lo lho Arab poIvlhoisls and
lhoso IiIo lhom vho looI lho Kabah as a pIaco lo vorship idoIs.
This vouId aIso appIv lo lho Chrislians vho havo gono aslrav bv
vorshipping lho 'lhroo in lhoir Church and havo laIon lo
vorshipping lhoir 'lhroo gods (lho Falhor, lho Son and lho HoIv
Ghosl).

Tho Our'an savs lhal aII lho pIacos of vorship aro rosorvod onIv for
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and in lhoso sacrod pIacos, il is
nol pormillod lo vorship or proslralo lo anvono olhor lhan AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).

Tho socond moaning of lho vord Masajid is lho sovon parls of lho
bodv lhal musl bo pIacod on lho ground in lho slalo of proslralion.
Thoso sovon parls of lho bodv musl onIv bo pIacod on lho ground
for lho vorship of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and il is nol
aIIovod lo uso lhom for lho vorship of anvono or anvlhing olhor
lhan Him.

In lho famous hadilh from lho 9
lh
Imam, Muhammad ibn AIi aI-
Iavad (poaco bo upon him) il is narralod lhal in lho galhoring of a

65
group of schoIars from lho AhI as-Sunnah in vhich Mulasim Abbas
vas aIso prosonl, ho (Mulasim) asIod lhal from vhoro shouId lho
hand of lho lhiof bo cul off` Somo of lho schoIars said from lho
vrisl and usod lho vorso of Tavammum as lhoir proof. Olhors said
from oIbov and broughl lho vorso of WuJhu as lhoir proof.

Tho 'caIiph Mulasim lhon asIod Imam Muhammad ibn AIi aI-
Iavad (poaco bo upon him) vhal his ansvor vas. Al firsl, lho Imam
oxcusod himsoIf and asIod lhal ho nol ansvor lho quoslion.
Hovovor Mulasim vas dolorminod lo gol lho ansvor from lho
Imam, and lhus, lho Imam ropIiod, AII lhal lhoso poopIo havo said
is compIoloIv vrong. Tho onIv lhing lhal is pormillod lo bo cul off
is lho four fingors (olhor lhan lho lhumb) - lho paIm of lho hand and
lho lhumb musl romain.

Whon Mulasim asIod for proof of lhis ruIing, lho Imam broughl lho
ruIing from lho Irophol of IsIam (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and
his famiIv) and said lhal al lho limo of proslralion lho sovon parls of
lho bodv - lho forohoad, paIms of bolh hands, bolh Inoos and lho
lvo Iargo loos - musl bo pIacod on lho ground. Aflor saving lhis ho
addod lhal if lho hand voro lo bo cul off al lho vrisl or lho oIbov,
lhon lhoro vouId romain no paIm for lho porson lo porform
proslralion vilh vhiIo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) has
commandod lhal lho Masajid (pIacos of proslralion) - moaning lho
sovon parls lhal musl bo pIacod on lho ground aro rosorvod for
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and lhal vhich is rosorvod for
AIIah musl lhoroforo nol bo cul off.

This spooch of lho Imam slarlIod Mulasim and lhus, ho ordorod his
courl lo acl upon lho ruIing of lho Imam and ordorod lhal onIv lho
four fingors of lho lhiof bo cul off.
22

Thoro aro aIso manv olhor ahadilh in roIalion lo lhis ruIing
23
,
hovovor, lhoso lhal havo boon roIalod aro usuaIIv vilhoul a chain
of narralors or lhrough a voaI chain of aulhorilios or havo olhor
66
probIoms and lhus, lo uso lhoso ahadilh lo ansvor quoslions or
concorns is difficuIl.

For oxampIo, il is voII Inovn among lho IsIamic SchoIars (Fuqaha)
lhal if a lhiof sloaIs somolhing for a socond limo (aflor lho
punishmonl has boon molod oul lo him lho firsl limo) lhon lho fool
musl bo cul off such lhal lho lop of lho fool (Iog) romains - hovovor,
lho big loo vhich is on lho fool is aIso ono of lho parls of
proslralion.

Tho samo silualion comos up concorning a porson vho slarls a var
in vhich his punishmonl is lhal his hand and fool musl bo cul off.

Tho lhird moaning of Masajid is lho acluaI acl of proslralion,
moaning lhal lhis acl of vorship musl nol bo porformod for anv
olhor ono or lhing lhan AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho):
hovovor lhis moaning goos againsl lho apparonl roading of lho
vorsos and has no proof lo subslanlialo il.

Summarizing aII lhal has boon monlionod, vo roach lho concIusion
lhal: lhal vhich is in accordanco lo lho apparonl roading of lho
vorso is lho firsl oxpIanalion givon vhich is in compIolo unilv vilh
lho vorso lhal camo boforo il and lhal vhich comos aflor il, in
roIalion lo Tavhid and hov vorship is compIoloIv rosorvod for
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) onIv.

Il is possibIo lhal lho lhird oxpIanalion mav bo accoplod lo add
omphasis lo lho moaning of lho vorso hovovor lhoro is no proof lo
allribulo lho lhird moaning lo il.

Tahrif (AIloralion in lho Moaning) of lho
Commonlarv of lhis Vorso

Tho issuo rogarding TavassuI bv vav of lho Irophol of IsIam
(pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) and lho inlimalo

67
frionds of AIIah (bIossings upon aII of lhom) moaning laIing lhoso
poopIo as an inlormodiarv and inlorcossor in lho prosonco of AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) - is an issuo lhal doos nol nogalo lho
roaIilv of Tavhid, nor doos il go againsl lho vorsos of lho NobIo
Our'an. Ralhor, il acls as a confirmor and vorifior of Tavhid,
moaning lhal il shovs us lhal aII lhings como from AIIah (GIorifiod
and ExaIlod is Ho).

In lho various vorsos of lho Our'an, lho lopic of inlorcossion has
boon ropoalodIv monlionod and so has lho issuo of lho Irophol of
IsIam (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) asIing
forgivonoss for lho boIiovors.
24

Thoro aro somo poopIo vho havo no connoclion vilh lho lruo
loachings of IsIam and lho Our'an and lhoroforo aro compIoloIv
againsl anv form of TavassuI or Inlorcossion and lo provo lhoir
poinl, find voaI oxcusos and lrv lo roIv on vorsos of lho Our'an such
as lho abovo vorso undor discussion:

.' ' ' - .`` ' -'
And voriIv lho Masajid aro onIv for AIIah, so lhon
do nol caII upon olhor lhan AIIah in lhom.

Thoso poopIo sav lhal according lo lhis vorso of lho Our'an, vo aro
commandod lo nol caII upon anvono oxcopl for AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho): nol lo oxpocl (anvlhing) from olhor lhan AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and nol lo asI inlorcossion from
anvono!

Hovovor, lo bo fair lo such poopIo (in doaIing vilh lhom), vo slalo
lhal lhis vorso has no connoclion or roIalion vilh vhal lhov aro
cIaiming, ralhor, lho moaning of lhis vorso is lhal il nogalos aII
forms of poIvlhoism - lo pIaco anvlhing on lho samo IovoI of AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) in vorship or for asIing onos noods.
6S
In olhor vords, if a porson asIs olhor lhan AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho) for somolhing lhal onIv AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho) is abIo lo fuIfiII and boIiovos lhal lho ono vho ho is asIing
from is lho ono vho is lho uIlimalo aulhorilv and is compIoloIv froo
in porforming vhal ho is asIod lo do, lhon lhis porson vouId bo
considorod as a poIvlhoisl.

Thoroforo, lho vord in lhis vorso ' or lho sonlonco '= . is in
lho moaning lhal, 'vo boar vilnoss lhal vo musl nol pIaco anvono
or anvlhing aIong sido vilh AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) lhal
vo considor lo bo lho iniliaI (and indopondonl) sourco of having an
affocl on our Iivos.

Hovovor, if vo asI inlorcossion from lho Irophols of AIIah
(bIossings of AIIah bo upon aII of lhom) or vo asI for lhom lo acl as
Inlormodiarios in lho prosonco of lho AImighlv, lhon nol onIv do vo
nol nogalo lhis boIiof, ralhor, lho Our'an has ilsoIf invilod lho
Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) lo lhis
(Inlorcossion) and somolimos, olhor poopIo havo ovon boon
commandod lo sooI Inlorcossion from lho Irophol of IsIam (pravors
of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) as voII.

In vorso 103 of SuraluI Tavbah vo road lho foIIoving:

.. .. ..,` `.```.=` . `.. .`' ` `
:. . `..`, ` `.`. ' ` `., `,
(O Irophol Muhammad!) TaIo from lhoir (lho
boIiovors) voaIlh somo Sadaqah. This acl viII
purifv lhom and maIo lhom cIoan and (al lho limo
of laIing a porlion of lhoir voaIlh, aIso) prav for
lhom. VoriIv vour pravors for lhom acl as
lranquiIilv for lhom and AIIah is lho AII-Hoaring,
AII-Knoving.
69
AIso, in vorso 97 of Surah Yusuf, Yusufs brolhors spoaIing lo lhoir
falhor Yaqub, asI of him:

' ' ``` ` . . . ~ . '
O our falhor (Yaqub), pIoaso asI forgivonoss
(from AIIah) for our sins. VoriIv vo aro lho onos
vho had commillod an orror.

Nol onIv did Irophol Yaqub (poaco bo upon him) nol rofulo or
rojocl lhoir roquosl, ralhor, ho cooporalod vilh lhom and said:

` `.` ``' . '
Soon shaII I sooI forgivonoss for vou from Mv
Iord.

Thus, according lo lhoso proofs, lho issuo rogarding TavassuI and
sooIing Inlorcossion from olhors, has boon monlionod in lho HoIv
Our'an and is acluaIIv ono of lho cIoar commandmonls of AIIah.

71
'
Vorso 19
` ` ``'
lho sorvanl (ho) slood up vhon lhon suroIv and

` , ..`. ` `.`` '
upon him crovdod Thov aImosl caIIing upon
Him
of AIIah

lo doalh
...' '.: '. ..s ' :.s.. ':': _..... .Ls '...: '
And lhon suroIv vhon lho sorvanl of AIIah (Muhammad) slood up
caIIing upon Him (and caIIing olhors lovards himsoIf and road lho
Our'an lo lhom), lhov aImosl crovdod him (lo doalh).

In lho conlinualion of lho spooch, in ordor lo oxpIain lho amazing
offocl lhal lho GIorious Our'an and lho vorship of lho Irophol
(pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) had on olhors, il is
monlionod lhal vhon lho sorvanl of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is
Ho), Muhammad (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his progonv)
vouId sland up lo vorship AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho), and
caII upon his Iord, a group of lho Iinn vouId galhor around him.
25

Tho vord ') in lhis vorso is in lho moaning of pIacing various
lhings on lop of or abovo ono anolhor. This lorm is usod lo rofor lo
lho aslonishing surgo of boIioving Iinn vho had galhorod around
72
lho Irophol (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his progonv) lo
Iislon lo lho rocilalion of lho Our'an during lhoir firsl oncounlor vilh
lhoso hoavonIv vords. This vord is aIso usod lo rofor lo lho
incrodibIo povor of allraclion lhal lho aIal of lho Irophol (pravors
of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) had upon lho Iinn.

Tvo olhor commonlarios aIso oxisl in roIalion lo lhis vorso. Tho firsl
ono is lhal lho boIioving Iinn voro lrving lo communicalo lo lho
companions of lho Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his
famiIv) lhal in ordor lo hoar lho Irophols vords, hov il is possibIo
lhal such a smaII numbor of Iinn vho Iivod in MaIIah vouId aII
galhor around him and cIimb ovor lop of ono anolhor. Tho moaning
of lhis is lhal lho group of Iinn had laIon an oxampIo from his
conducl and had haslonod lovards failh.

Tho socond inlorprolalion is lo slalo lhal vhon lho Irophol (pravors
of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) vas busv in his SaIal and
rocilalion of lho Our'an, lho poIvlhoisls of MaIIah vouId crovd
around him so much and lhus, lhov vouId maIo fun and annov
him.

Hovovor, lho Iasl commonlarv givon is nol approprialo lo suil lho
purposo of lho Iinn vho vanlod lo convov lo lho olhors aboul lho
roIigion and lo oncourago lhom lovards accopling lho failh: lhus,
ono of lho olhor lvo commonlarios is much moro suilabIo lo accopl.
73
N7C
` .``' `
and mv Iord I onIv caII
upon
SuroIv Sav (O
Muhammad)

-' ``' .
anvono or
anvlhing
vilh Him I associalo Nol
. '..' '.s:' .. `, ...' .. '.>' '

Sav (O Muhammad): SuroIv I onIv caII upon mv Iord, and I do
nol associalo anvono or anvlhing vilh Him.

Sav: I am nol lho guardian of lho good or bad lhal
roachos vou!

In lhoso noxl fivo vorsos, in ordor lo maIo lho foundalions of
Tavhid (Ononoss of AIIah) ovon firmor and lo nogalo aII forms of
poIvlhoism vhich havo boon monlionod in lho provious vorsos of
lhis Surah, lho Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his
famiIv) is firsl commandod lo sav lo lho poopIo lhal ho caIIs onIv
upon his Iord and lhal ho vorships onIv Him and doos nol
porform ovon lho smaIIosl amounl of poIvlhoism!

75
N72
8c `:`' . `
for vou conlroI do nol suroIv I Sav (O
Muhammad)

. .
anv good nor (do I

conlroI for
vou)
and oviI
. ..' `, L' .: '. `, '.. '

Sav (O Muhammad): SuroIv I do nol conlroI for vou oviI and nor
(do I conlroI for vou) anv good.

Tho Irophol is lhon commandod lo sav lo lho poopIo lhal ho himsoIf
doos nol conlroI or hoId anv aulhorilv in lho oviI or good lhal viII
como upon a porson.

77
N77
( -` ` `
from proloclion havo no suroIv I Sav (O
Muhammad)

-' ` `-' '
can I find novor And from
anvbodv
AIIah

-` ` `

anv pIaco of
rofugo
olhor lhan
Him
From
. ..' : ..>. ' ...>' : .>' .....: '.>:L ''

Sav (O Muhammad): SuroIv I havo no proloclion from AIIah from
anvbodv and nor can I find anv pIaco of rofugo from olhor lhan
Him.

In lhis vorso, lho Irophol adds lhal ovon if ho voro lo acl againsl lho
Trulh, lhon ho loo vouId havo no proloclion from AIIah (GIorifiod
and ExaIlod is Ho) and olhor lhan Him, ho has no pIaco of rofugo or
safolv.
26

In lhis mannor, no ono can givo Muhammad (pravors of AIIah bo
upon him and his famiIv) shoIlor or socurilv, nor can anvlhing
provido him vilh lhis proloclion (olhor lhan lho Croalor).

7S
From ono poinl of viov, lhis spooch covors lho lopic of Tavhid in
Ibadal vhich slalos lhal vorship is rosorvod onIv for AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho): and from anolhor poinl of viov, il
nogalos aII forms of GhuIuv or oxlromism in roIalion lo lho Irophol
of IsIam (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv).

As for lho poopIo al lhal limo, lhis vorso shovod lhom lhal nol onIv
do lho faIso idoIs lhal lhov mado vilh lhoir ovn hands havo
absoIuloIv no conlroI or povor ovor lho Iivos of lho poopIo, bul aIso
lho Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) loo vilh
aII his groalnoss and prosligo couId nol diroclIv bo a pIaco of rofugo
from lho sovoro punishmonl of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).

Tho finaI poinl of lhis vorso is lhal il shovs lhal lhoro aro lhings lhal
lho Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) couId nol
do bv his ovn Ioavo, and vhalovor povors or abiIilios ho had, voro
aII from AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and lhis aIso confirms
lho facl lhal Inlorcossion and TavassuI (sooIing an inlormodiarv for
onos roquosls) aro onIv pormillod bv lho pormission of AIIah

Tho vord ' .- monlionod in lhis vorso is in lho moaning of a pIaco
of corlain socurilv or safolv and originaIIv camo from lho rool vord
' .- vhich is in lho moaning of a pil or hoIo, simiIar lo lho hoIo lhal
is dug insido lho gravo of a porson so lhal on ono sido of lho gravo,
il rosombIos a nicho and il is insido lhis nicho lhal lho bodv of lho
docoasod is pIacod so lhal vhon lho dirl is lhrovn on lop of lho
gravo lo soaI il, il doos nol faII on lho bodv of lho docoasod. This
nicho aIso sorvos lo prolocl lho bodv from viId animaIs vho mav
lrv lo allacI lho corpso. Thus, anv pIaco lhal can bo considorod as a
safo and socuro pIaco of safolv has boon roforrod lo vilh lhis vord.

Iusl as has boon monlionod in lho provious vorsos, lho moaning of
lhis phraso loo is lhal in roIalion lo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is
Ho), lho Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) ovon

79
has no povor or abiIilv on his ovn. Hovovor, ho is abIo lo roquosl
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) lo romovo lho difficuIlios from a
porson or roquosl AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) lo guido
poopIo vorlhv of rocoiving diroclion, and lhis is lho ossonco of
Tavhid and dofiniloIv is nol poIvlhoism!

Il is vorlhv lo nolo lhal in lhis vorso, lho vord '. or Ioss is usod as
lho opposilo of ' or guidanco. This poinls lo lho facl lhal lho lruo
profil and bonofil for a porson is guidanco, jusl as has boon
oxpIainod in lho spooch of lho Iinn in lho provious vorsos vhoro '
or oviI had boon usod as lho opposilo of ' . or guidanco and lhus,
lhoso lvo vords go aIong vilh ono anolhor.


S1
N7?
' ` .
and AIIah from lho
doIivoring (of
rovoIalion)
TIl isU onIv

' ` ` .
AIIah disobovs ho vho and (doIivoring
of) His
mossagos

` ., `.`
firo for him is lho lhon suroIv His
Mossongor
And

' ., .`.-
for olornilv lhoroin lo abido of hoII
`,' '..-.L. ' .:.L.. -. ' .:.. _'.s .: '.. ...>

..L.. '..s '....' '
(Il is) onIv a doIivoring (of rovoIalion) from AIIah and (doIivoring
of) His mossagos: and ho vho disobovs AIIah and His Mossongor,
lhon suroIv for him is lho firo of hoII lo abido lhoroin for olornilv.

In lhis vorso il is monlionod lhal lho Irophol is aIso commandod lo
loII lho poopIo lhal lho onIv rosponsibiIilv lhal ho has is lo convov
S2
lho mossagos lhal Ho has boon givon from AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho).
27

This vorso is somovhal simiIar lo vhal is found in SuraluI Maidah,
vorso 92 in vhich il is monlionod:

... .` . ` ' ' ` ` ''
.Inov lhal onIv a cIoar doIivoranco of lho
mossago is (incumbonl) on Our AposlIo.

In vorso 1SS of SuraluI Araf, il is monlionod:

. . . . `:`' . ' `.. `
` `.`' `. ' `.``. .`, ' ` `,- ' ..'
. ' . ` ` ` `. . ..``.
Sav: I do nol conlroI anv bonofil or harm for mv
ovn souI oxcopl as AIIah pIoasos: and had I Inovn
lho unsoon I vouId havo had much of good and no
oviI vouId havo louchod mo: I am nolhing bul a
varnor and lho givor of good novs lo a poopIo vho
boIiovo.

For lhis vorso loo, lhoro aro olhor commonlarios from lho
oIucidalors of lho Our'an such as: 'I (Muhammad) havo no pIaco of
proloclion for mv ovn soIf oxcopl for lho doIivoring of lho mossago
of Trulh and lho carrving oul of lho mossago.
2S

Al lhis poinl, vo nood lo asI lho quoslion lhal vhal is lho difforonco
bolvoon '- or lo convov and '.. vhich aIso moans lo convov a
mossago`


S3
Somo commonlalors havo said lhal '-.. is in roforonco lo lho
convovanco of lho IsuI ad-Din, or lho Rools of lho RoIigion:
vhoroas lho vord ' ... is in roforonco lo lho propagalion of lho
Furu ad-Din, or lho IrincipIos of lho RoIigion.

Olhors boIiovo lhal lho vord ' -. rofors lo lho convovanco of lho
ruIos of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) vhoroas '.. rofors lo
lho acluaI appIicalion and pulling inlo offocl lhoso ruIos and
roguIalions.

Hovovor, il is our opinion lhal bolh of lhoso viovs rolurn bacI lo
lho firsl moaning and aro acluaIIv omphasis for ono anolhor. This is
basod on various olhor vorsos of lho Our'an in vhich lhoso vords
havo boon usod in lho samo moaning such as in vorso 62 of SuraluI
Araf vhoro il is slalod:

` .. `.`' ''
I convov lo vou lho mossagos of mv Iord.

This is aIso monlionod in olhor vorsos of lho Our'an.

In concIusion, al lho ond of lhis vorso (of SuraluI Iinn), a varning is
givon lhal vhosoovor disobovs AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
and His AposlIo viII havo lho firo of hoII lo abido in forovor.

From lhis vorso il is cIoar lhal nol ovorv sinnor, bul ralhor lho
poIvlhoisls and lho unboIiovors aro lho onos vho viII bo in lho firo
for olornilv.


S5
''
Vorso 24
.`.` `' `-
lhov aro
lhroalonod
vilh
lhal vhich lhov aII soo vhon unliI

. ``.' ` ..``,
And in hoIping WoaIor vho (is) lhon shaII
lhov Inov

'
in numbor fovor
:> ':' '' ' _ .s.. _..L-...s -' '..'.. .' ':.s ''
InliI vhon lhov aII soo lhal vhich lhov aro lhroalonod vilh, lhon
shaII lhov Inov vho is voaIor in hoIping and fovor in numbor.

Tho lhomo of lhoso vorsos conlinuos vilh lho monlion of lho
condilion of lho disboIiovors and poIvlhoisls vho conlinuo lo annov
lho MusIims and considor lhom as boing voaI and vuInorabIo. This
alliludo of lhoirs viII conlinuo unliI lho limo vhon vhal lhov havo
boon promisod (bv AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)) comos upon
lhom. Il is al lhal limo lhal lhov viII roaIizo vho vas lruIv lho
voaIor and vuInorabIo and vho vas lruIv smaIIor in numbor!
29

In lhis vorso, vo musl asI lho quoslion, vhal is lho moaning of lho
phraso '?ML*.< or lhal vhich lhov had boon promisod doos il rofor
lo lho punishmonl of lhis vorId or lho noxl Iifo or bolh``
S6
Thoro aro various commonlarios on lhis, hovovor lhal vhich is lho
mosl approprialo is lhal ils moaning is gonoraI and vido, bocauso
boing smaII in numbor and voaIor in abiIilv and hoIp is mosl oflon
roIalod lo lhis vorId and lhus, a group of Commonlalors havo
roIalod lhis lo lho BallIo of Badr as il vas in lhis ballIo lhal lho
slronglh and povor of lho MusIims vas voaI.

In various ahadilh, lhis vorso has aIso boon usod as commonlarv for
lho limo of lho rolurn of aI-Mahdi (mav our souIs bo sacrificod for
him).

Thoroforo, if vo laIo lho moaning of lhis vorso lo bo a vido, aII-
oncompassing ono, lhon il viII appIv lo aII of lhoso oxpIanalions.

In addilion, in vorso 75 of Surah Marvam, il is monlionod:

' .`.` ' .- ' ' . ' .
` ` ..``, . . ``- ``.' ' '
InliI lhov soo vhal lhov voro lhroalonod vilh,
oilhor lho punishmonl or lho hour: lhon lhov shaII
Inov vho is in moro oviI pIighl and voaIor in
forcos.

In anv caso, lho lono of lhis vorso cIoarIv poinls lo lho facl lhal lho
onomios of IsIam - aIlhough povorfuI and Iargo in numbor vouId
ovonluaIIv bo dofoalod.

Tho HoIv Our'an givos lho boIiovors hoarl-varming and good
lidings lhal in lho ond, ovon lhough lhov aro smaII in numbor and
ovor povorod, lhov viII bo viclorious and lhoir onomios viII bo lho
onos vho viII bo doslrovod.


S7
A Fov Ioinls

TrulhfuInoss of lho Ioadors Sonl bv AIIah

Ono of lho characlorislics of lho Ioadors sonl bv AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho), as opposod lo lho Ioadors sonl bv Shaitan, is lhal lho
Ioadors sonl bv AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) aro novor
prolonlious, nor do nol lhinI lhomsoIvos as groalor lhan olhors,
proud, or concoilod.

Hovovor, vilh lho IiIos of Firavn, vo soo him fooIishIv procIaim:

' `.` ' `. '
I am vour Iord, lho mosl high!

Wo aIso soo Firavn procIaim lo lho massos lhal:

' `- ` .`- ` .`.
And lhoso rivors lhal fIov bonoalh mo bv mv
pormission.

Tho Ioadors sonl bv AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) aro humbIo
and modosl and aIvavs considor lhomsoIvos as Iov, humbIo
sorvanls of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) vho, in lho prosonco
of His povor, havo no abiIilv or command.

In vorso 110 of SuraluI Kahf, vo road lho foIIoving:

` . ' ` `. ` . -. `. ...
Sav (O Muhammad), voriIv I am onIv a human
boing jusl IiIo vou. Il has boon rovoaIod lo mo (bv
AIIah).

SS
In anolhor pIaco in lho Our'an, il is monlionod:

' ` . . `. ' . ' ` . ` -. `
' . ` ` ` '
And I do nol Inov vhal viII happon lo mo or lo
vou and I foIIov nolhing oxcopl lhal vhich has
boon rovoaIod (bv AIIah) lo mo and I am nol bul a
cIoar varnor lo vou.
30

In vol anolhor vorso of lho Our'an, vo road lho foIIoving:

. ' .. `. ` . ` ' . ' ` `. ' `, . .
' .. ` `:
Sav (O Muhammad!) I do nol sav lo vou lhal vilh
mo aro lho lroasuros of AIIah nor do I havo
InovIodgo of lho Insoon nor do I sav (lo vou) lhal
I am an angoI.
31

Evon if somo of lhoso Ioadors of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
roachod lo a IovoI of lomporaI povor ovor lho croalions, lhov sliII
did nol chango and poopIo such as Irophol SuIavman (poaco bo
upon him) said:

` `. ` '
This is from lho graco of mv Iord.
32

Il is inlorosling lo nolo lhal in various vorsos of lho GIorious Our'an,
lhoro aro somo vorv slorn and harsh phrasos lhal aro usod lo
addross lho Irophol of IsIam (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his
famiIv). In such vorsos, AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)

S9
lhroalons and varns him lhal ho loo musl bo vorv carofuI of his
rosponsibiIilios.

Tho onliro coIIoclion of lhoso vorsos and lho provious onos
discussod, vhich aro nol a smaII numbor in lho Our'an, allosl as a
Iiving proof of lho lrulhfuInoss of lhis nobIo Irophol (bIossings of
AIIah bo upon him and his progonv). If lhis voro nol so, lhon vhal
vouId bo lho uso lhal amongsl lho poopIo vho voro viIIing lo
granl him anv ranI or posilion in lho communilv, lho Irophol of
IsIam (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his progonv) vouId
announco his nobIo ranI lo lho poopIo vhich vas compIoloIv oul of
lho lhoughl and imaginalion of lho poopIo and vhich vas
somolhing compIoloIv unquoslionabIo. This (cIaiming a high slalus
or ranI in lho communilv) is somolhing lhal a groal numbor of
Ioadors of Shaitan havo dono in lho pasl, as hislorv loIIs us.

Wilhoul doubl, lho vorsos lhal aro curronlIv undor discussion aro a
Iiving proof of lho lrulh of lho mossago of lho Irophol of AIIah
(bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his progonv).

A Iargo Numbor of FoIIovors is nol Imporlanl, lho
Failh of lho FoIIovors is Imporlanl!

In various vorsos of lho Our'an, lhis poinl has conslanlIv boon
broughl up lhal in ovorv limo poriod, lho opprossors and lvranls
puII Iargo groups of poopIo inlo lhoir foIIoving and Ioad lhoso
poopIo againsl lho Irophols.

In ordor lo ridicuIo and maIo fun of lho companions of Musa (poaco
bo upon him), Firavn said:

. `. . . ` , .. ''
Mosl suroIv, lhis is a smaII group of poopIo.
33

Tho poIvlhoisls of Arabia aro quolod as saving:
90
`- ` ' ' ` . . ' ` . `- ` ` '
Wo havo moro voaIlh and moro chiIdron and vo
viII nol bo punishod.
34

Somolimos, ovon ono porson vho has richos bul doos nol havo anv
boIiof or failh viII sland up in fronl of a boIiovor and poopIo around
him and addrossing him sav:

' ' ` : . ' ' '
I havo groalor voaIlh lhan vou and am mighlior in
foIIovors.
35

On lho opposilo sido hovovor, lho boIiovor vho is lrving lo omuIalo
lho Irophols and Ioadors appoinlod bv AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho) viII novor roIv on having a Iargo group of poopIo around
him. Thoir lhoughl pallorn and Iogic viII bo:

. `. ` , `. , . ' '''
Hov oflon has a smaII parlv of poopIo dofoalod a
Iargo parlv of poopIo bv lho pormission of AIIah.
36

Amir aI-Mo'minin AIi ibn Abi 1aIib (poaco bo upon him) has boon
quolod as saving:

.'' ' ,~ .`-`.` . ` ' `' .`. .
O poopIo! Do nol bo frighlonod vhiIo on lho palh
of guidanco duo lo lho smaII numbor of poopIo on
il.
37

Tho hislorv of lho Iivos of lho Irophols, ospociaIIv lho Iifo of lho
Irophol of IsIam (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) aIso
shovs us hov a Iargo group of poopIo vho had no failh, hovovor

91
possossod aII forms of povor and slronglh voro dofoalod, bv a
smaII group of boIiovors.

Tho HoIv Our'an, narraling lho slorv of lho Bani Isra'iI, Firavn,
1aIul, IaIul and lho vorsos in roforonco lo lho BallIos of Badr and
Ahzab aIso dispIav lhis facl lo us.

93
Vorso 25
`.' .`' .
lhal vhich if il is cIoso Inov I do nol Sav (O
Muhammad)

` ` `- `' .`.`
mv Iord for il viII appoinl or if vou aro
lhroalonod
vilh

'

a lorm
. _' .:' ...' ' _.s.. .' -> .: .. '.' ''

Sav (O Muhammad): I do nol Inov vholhor lhal vilh vhich vou
aro lhroalonod vilh is cIoso or if mv Iord viII appoinl for il (lho
Dav of Iudgomonl) lho lorm.

Tho Knovor of lho Insoon is AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho)!

Sinco in lho provious vorsos, lhoro vas a hinl lhal soonor or Ialor lho
punishmonl of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) viII ovorcomo
lhoso oviI poopIo, lhis quoslion comos lo mind lhal vhon viII lhis
promiso laIo pIaco`

Iusl as lho Commonlalors of lho Our'an havo monlionod in roIalion
lo lho ovonls surrounding lhis vorso lhal somo of lho poIvlhoisls
94
such as NaJhr ibn Harilh, vho aflor lho provious vorso vas
rovoaIod asIod lhis samo quoslion, lho Our'an in ropIv lo his quorios
ansvorod him lhus: Sav: I do nol Inov vholhor lhal vilh vhich
vou aro lhroalonod bo nigh or vholhor mv Iord viII appoinl for il a
lorm.

This InovIodgo (of lho Timo) is somolhing lhal is spocificaIIv
rosorvod lo lho Iuro Essonco of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
and is somolhing lhal Ho has Iopl hiddon from His sorvanls, in
ordor for AIIahs (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) oxaminalion and lriaI
of lho poopIo lo bo porfoclod.

Whv is lhis dono` In simpIo lorms, if vo Inov lhal lho limo of lho
Dav of Iudgomonl vas vorv cIoso or in lho dislanl fuluro, lhon lho
losls and lriaIs lhal vo aro pul lhrough vouId havo no vaIuo.

Tho vord in lhis vorso ' .' is in lho moaning of a poriod of limo,
vilh a difforonco lhal according lo Raghib in his diclionarv of
Our'anic lorms, AI-Mufradal, ho monlions lhal ' .. or a poriod of
limo rofors lo a limo poriod lhal has bolh a boginning and an ond,
hovovor, ' as found in lhis vorso is onIv usod vhon roforring lo lho
ond of a limo poriod.

Il has aIso boon monlionod lhal ' .' and lho vord ' .' aro lho samo
from lho poinl of viov of lhoir moaning vilh a sIighl difforonco lhal
' .' is in lho moaning of a limo poriod vhich is nol fixod, vhoroas
'' is for a fixod limo poriod, ovon if il bo an oxlondod or proIongod
limo poriod.

In anv caso, in lho vorsos of lho GIorious Our'an, vo soo lhal ovorv
limo lho NobIo Irophol (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his
famiIv) vouId bo asIod aboul vhon lho Dav of Iudgmonl vouId
laIo pIaco, ho vouId oxpross his IacI of InovIodgo and ropIv lhal
lhis InovIodgo is onIv vilh AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).


95
Il has boon monlionod in a hadilh lhal ono dav, lho AngoI Iibra'iI
(poaco bo upon him) camo lo lho Irophol of IsIam (pravors of AIIah
bo upon him and his famiIv) in lho form of a dosorl Arab, and of
lho manv quoslions lhal ho asIod lho Irophol, ono of lhom vas:

' ` ` '
ToII mo, vhon viII lho Dav of Iudgomonl laIo
pIaco`

Tho Irophol (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv)
ropIiod

' ` .. ` . ' ` . '
Tho porson vhom vou aro asIing lhis quoslion lo
(rogarding lhis issuo) is no moro InovIodgoabIo
lhal lho ono vho is asIing lho quoslion!

Onco again, lho dosorl Arab, lhis limo in a Ioud voico asIod

` - ` . '
O Muhammad! Whon viII lho Dav of Iudgomonl
bo``

ropIiod

` - : ' . ' ` ` . .
Woo upon vou! Tho Dav of Iudgomonl WIII
COME! Go ahoad and loII mo vhal vou havo
proparod for lhal dav`

96
Tho Arab ropIiod, I havo nol road manv aIal nor havo I faslod a
Iol, bul I Iovo AIIah and His Mossongor.

ropIiod

' ` . ` ' `- . ` .
Thus, vou viII bo vilh lhoso poopIo vho vou
Iovo!

Anas, ono of lho companions of lho Irophol roIalos lhal

' ` ` ` .. ` . - `. `. . ' - .
Tho MusIims voro nol doIighlod vilh anv olhor
spooch, as lhov voro vilh lhis ono.
3S


97
N7<
`.` ' .`, `.
upon rovoaI So lhon (ho)
doos nol
of lho
Insoon!
Tho Knovor

-' `,

lo anvono His Socrols
.L.s . -:' ..s .L. Ls ....s '.>' ''

Tho Knovor of lho Insoon! So lhon Ho doos nol rovoaI His socrols
lo anvono.

Conlinuing in lhis discussion, ono gonoraI ruIo is monlionod in
roIalion lo lho KnovIodgo of lho Insoon (IIm aI-Ghaib) lhal AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) doos nol rovoaI lho hiddon InovIodgo,
oxcopl lo lhoso poopIo vhom Ho vanls lo givo lhis InovIodgo lo.
39

99
N7;
>Q* ' .` .
Mossongors from
amongsl
vhom Ho is
pIoasod vilh
lo him Excopl

` `, ` `:` ``,
boforo him bolvoon from Ho pIacos so lhon
suroIv

. `
a guard bohind him from and
`,' .' _.. ..'.s L.. _.. .... .iL '.. '
Excopl lo him vhom Ho is pIoasod vilh from among (His)
Mossongors so lhon suroIv Ho pIacos boforo him and bohind him a
guard.

Thoroaflor, ono oxcoplion lo lhis ruIo (of KnovIodgo of lho Insoon)
is oxpoundod upon. AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) loIIs us lhal
lho KnovIodgo of lho Insoon is Iimilod lo aII oxcopl Him and lhoso
vhom Ho is pIoasod vilh from among His Mossongors. Whon
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) inlonds lo granl KnovIodgo of
lho Insoon lo His soIocl sorvanls, lhon Ho sonds rovoIalion (Wahi)
lo lhom.

AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) aIso adds lhal Ho pIacos in fronl
of and bohind such a Mossongor a guardian.

100
Tho originaI moaning of lho vord in lhis vorso '1" is lho rool
moaning vhich is lo proparo lo prolocl somolhing and il aIso
appIios lo lho porson doing lhis aclion and lho lhing ho is
prolocling. This vord is usod in bolh lho singuIar and pIuraI form
moaning lhal il can rofor lo a singIo porson prolocling somolhing or
a group of poopIo prolocling somolhing.

Tho moaning of lhis vord in lhis parlicuIar vorso rofors lo lho
AngoIs lhal AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) commands - aflor
sonding dovn lho rovoIalion - lo prolocl lho Irophol from anv
forms of oviI, lo Ioop aII lho oviIs of Shaitan from lho Iinn and
humanilv avav from him, and lo Ioop aII lvpos of oviI vhisporings
avav from lho Irophol of AIIah (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and
his progonv) so lhal lho mossago of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is
Ho) can bo convovod lo lho poopIo vilhoul anv roduclion or
incroaso in ils conlonl.

This in ilsoIf is ono of lho proofs of lho infaIIibiIilv of lho Irophols,
lhal vilh lho hoIp of lhoso hiddon forcos and lho assislanco of AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and lho valchfuI guidanco of lho
AngoIs, lhov aro safo from sIips and orrors.

101
N71
/W.# } .``' ` .' .`,
lho mossagos Thov havo
doIivorod
TruIv lhal So lhal Ho
mav Inov

`. .` -' `..`
vilh lhom aII lhal is Ho
oncompassos
and of lhoir Iord

.` .`-'
in numbor lhing ovorv Ho rocords And
.L-..: _' ... '.-L..' ,.L.. ... '>' '.. ....: .>' :
,. ':.s '
So lhal Ho mav Inov lhal lhov havo lruIv doIivorod lho mossagos
of lhoir Iord, and Ho oncompassos vhal is vilh lhom and Ho
rocords lho numbor of ovorvlhing.

In lhis finaI vorso of lho Surah, lho ovidonco of a proloclor and
dofondor (of lho Sacrod vord) is oxpIainod as ono lhal .mav
Inov lhal lhov havo lruIv doIivorod lho mossagos of lhoir Iord.
40

Hovovor lho moaning of lhis vorso is nol lhal AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho) doos nol Inov anvlhing aboul his Irophols, and lhon
Ialor comos lo Inov of il sinco lho InovIodgo of AIIah (GIorifiod
and ExaIlod is Ho) is ElornaI moaning lhal His InovIodgo vas
aIvavs lhoro, viII aIvavs bo lhoro, and is novor onding.
102
Ralhor, lho moaning of lhis vorso is lhal lho InovIodgo of AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) laIos shapo oxlornaIIv in lho phvsicaI
vorId. Thus, lho Irophols aro chargod vilh propagaling His
mossago and loachings, and lhrough lhis, lhov havo fuIfiIIod lhoir
rosponsibiIilv lo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).

103
Various Ioinls

1. An in-doplh invosligalion rogarding IIm aI-Ghaib

Bv paving cIoso allonlion lo lho various vorsos of lho Our'an, il is
cIoar lhal lhoro oxisls lvo groups of vorsos in roIalion lo IIm aI-
Ghaib KnovIodgo of lho Insoon. Tho firsl group aro lhoso vorsos
vhich Iimil lhis InovIodgo slriclIv lo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho) and nogalo il for aII olhors such as vorso 59 of SuraluI Anam:

. ` ` ' .`` . .`, .` . ''
And vilh Him aro lho Iovs of lho unsoon lroasuro
nono Inovs lhom oxcopl Ho.

AIso, vo havo in lho Our'an, lhal vhich has boon monlionod aboul
lho Irophol (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his progonv) in
SuraluI Anam, vorso 50:

. `. ..' . . . . ` ' .`' . . `.
' .`, '
Sav (O Muhammad): I do nol sav lo vou lhal I
havo vilh mo lho lroasuros of AIIah, nor do I Inov
lho unsoon.

In vorso 1SS of SuraluI Araf, vo road lho foIIoving:

`. ` ' `. `. ' .`, `.``. ' `,-
Had I Inovn aboul lho unsoon, I vouId havo
gainod much good.

Tho Iasl vorso in lhis discussion is found in Surah Yunus, vorso 20,
vo road:
104
` ' `, `. '
Sav (O Muhammad), CorlainIv lho (KnovIodgo of
lho) Insoon is soIoIv rosorvod for AIIah.

Thoro aro manv moro vorsos such as lhoso in lho Our'an, hovovor,
vo viII suffico vilh lhoso.

Tho socond group of vorsos aro lhoso vhich cIoarIv indicalo lhal lho
Irophols and inlimalo frionds (AvIivah) of AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho) havo a gonoraI InovIodgo of lho Insoon as has boon
monlionod in vorso 179 of Surah Io Imran vhich slalos:

. ' ` `.=`, ' .`, ` ' `-
`' '
And AIIah doos nol inform vou of lho unsoon. Ho
choosos for such informalion anvono of His
Mossongors as Ho dosiros.

AIso, in roIalion lo somo of lho miracIos of Irophol Isa aI-Masih
(poaco bo upon him), il is monlionod lhal:

' . ..' .` . `..`,` .``
I (Irophol 'Isa) inform vou of vhal vou oal and
vhal vou sloro in vour houso.
41

If vo IooI al lho oxcoplion monlionod in lho vorso undor discussion
(vorso 27 of SuraluI Iinn), vo soo lhal AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is
Ho) has aIIovod a porlion of lho KnovIodgo of lho Insoon lo bo
Inovn lo His choson Mossongor (sinco in Arabic, if lhoro is ovor an
oxcoplion (in a sonlonco) procodod bv a nogalion, il aIvavs rofors lo
an affirmalion):

105
. ' ``, ..`` .` ` ` `, ` `:`
.
Excopl lo him vhom Ho is pIoasod vilh from
among (His) Mossongors so lhon suroIv Ho pIacos
boforo him and bohind him a guard.
42

From anolhor poinl of viov, lho numbor of vorsos of lho Our'an lhal
givo us informalion aboul hiddon mallors aro nol fov, such as lho
socond lo fourlh vorsos of SuraluI Rum:

. . ' `' . `' ' .` ` .` `.
, `.. . ` . ..` `. . ' . ``.
` . . ` . `. ` . ` ' ` . ..``.
Tho Romans aro vanquishod. In a noar Iand, and
lhov, aflor boing vanquishod, shaII ovorcomo
(vilhin a fov voars) and lhov viII bo viclorious.
AII mallors of lho pasl and fuluro aro in lho hands
of AIIah. Tho boIiovors viII onjov lho hoIp of AIIah
on lhal Dav.
43

AIso, in vorso S5 of SuraluI Oasas, AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is
Ho) loIIs us:

. ' :`, . ' .` '
CorlainIv lho Ono vho had mado lho Our'an
incumbonl upon vou viII rolurn vou lo vour
slarling poinl (MaIIah).

AIso, in vorso 27 of SuraluI Falh, vo road lho foIIoving:

106
`` . ` ' -` ' - . . ' `
CorlainIv vou shaII onlor inlo lho Masjid aI-Haram,
vilh lho pormission of AIIah, in socurilv.

Thoro aro aIso manv moro vorsos of lho Our'an such as lhoso.

In principIo, lho hoavonIv rovoIalion (Wahi) lhal is sonl dovn lo lho
Irophols is aIso a form of KnovIodgo of lho Insoon vhich is pIacod
al lhoir disposaI - lhus, hov can vo cIaim lhal lhoso porsonaIilios do
nol havo accoss lo lho KnovIodgo of lho Insoon vhon vo Inov
lhal rovoIalion has como dovn lo lhom`

Bosidos aII of lhoso proofs, vo havo numorous ahadilh lhal shov
lhal Irophol Muhammad (pravors of AIIah bo upon him and his
famiIv) and lho InfaIIibIo A'immah (poaco bo upon aII of lhom) had
accoss lo lho KnovIodgo of lho Insoon.

Somolimos, lhov voro givon lho InovIodgo of vhal vouId happon
in lho fuluro such as lho viclorv of MaIIah, and lho ovonl
surrounding Hatib ibn Abi BaIlaah, vho vrolo a Iollor lo lho poopIo
of MaIIah vhich ho gavo lo a voman namod Sarah and sho vas lo
convov lho Iollor lo lho poIvlhoisls of MaIIah. Sho vas cIoso lo
boing allacIod bv lho MusIim armv vhon sho hid lho Iollor undor
hor Iong hair and conlinuod on lovards MaIIah.

Tho Irophol (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his progonv)
ordorod AIi (poaco bo upon him) and a companv of lroops lo go
aflor hor. Tho Irophol (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his
progonv) aIso informod lho group of MusIims lhal vhon lhov roach
lo an aroa Inovn as Ravdha aI-KhaI lhov viII mool lhis voman,
vho has a Iollor from Hatib in hor possossion vhich is supposod lo
bo givon lo lho poIvlhoisls of MaIIah. Tho Irophol (bIossings of
AIIah bo upon him and his progonv) aIso commandod lhom lo laIo
lho Iollor from hor. Whon lho MusIim armv found hor, sho iniliaIIv
107
doniod having such a Iollor, hovovor aflor ropoalod roquosls lo hor,
sho finaIIv handod ovor lho vriling lo AIi (poaco bo upon him) and
lho group of MusIims.
44

Thoro aro aIso ovonls such as lho prodiclion of lho BallIo of Mulah,
and lho marlvrdom of Iafar ibn Abi 1aIib (poaco bo upon him) and
olhor soIdiors and varriors in lho MusIim armv, vhich lho Irophol
(bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his progonv) loId his foIIovors
vhiIo lhov voro sliII in Madinah.
45

Such oxampIos in lho Iifo of lho HoIv Irophol (bIossings of AIIah bo
upon him and his progonv) aro nol smaII in numbor.

In Nahj aI-BaIagha, lhoro aro manv forocasls lo lho ovonls lhal
vouId laIo pIaco in lho fuluro, vhich shov lhal Imam AIi ibn Abi
1aIib (poaco bo upon him) aIso had accoss lo lhis hiddon
InovIodgo. Ono such oxampIo of lhis can bo soon in lho 13
lh

Khulbah in vhich lho poopIo of Basrah voro dogradod, in vhich
Imam AIi ibn Abi 1aIib (poaco bo upon him) said:

``' `' ` , `.`-`.`- -` .. ' . `
.`, ' . `. . .`- ` .`. ` .
`. . .
So lhon il is as lhough I soo ils Masjid IiIo lho
uppor parl of a boal or a silling oslrich vhich AIIah
had sonl dovn punishmonl lo from abovo and
boIov and drovnod aII lhal voro vilhin hor
proloclion.

In olhor ahadilh vhich havo boon narralod in bolh lho booIs of lho
AhI as-Sunnah and Shia, lhoro aro manv olhor forocasls from Imam
AIi (poaco bo upon him) concorning ovonls lhal vouId happon in
10S
lho fuluro: such as ono vhoro ho loId Hajr ibn Oais lhal aflor his
doalh, Hajr vouId bo forcod lo curso AIi (poaco bo upon him).
46

Anolhor oxampIo concorns Marvan in vhich il vas monlionod lhal
ho vouId hoId lho fIag of corruplion and dospolism in his oId ago.
47

Amir aI-Mo'minin AIi ibn Abi 1aIib (poaco bo upon him) loId
KumaiI bin Zivad (mav AIIah bo pIoasod vilh him) lhal lho lvranl
Hajjaj ibn Yusuf vouId bo his IiIIor.
4S

In rogards lo lho Khavarij of Nahravan, Imam AIi (poaco bo upon
him) monlionod lhal in lhis ballIo, poopIo vouId nol dio from his
sido and from lho opposilo sido, nol ovon lon poopIo viII bo savod,
and jusl hov ho prodiclod, il camo lruo.
49

Concorning lho buriaI pIaco of Imam Husavn (poaco bo upon him),
vhon Imam AIi (poaco bo upon him) vas passing bv lho Iand of
KarbaIa, ho spoIo corlain vords in rogards lo lhis lo his companion,
Asbagh ibn Nabalah.
50

In lho booI, FadhaiI aI-Khamsah, lhoro aro counlIoss ahadilh from
lho AhI as-Sunnah in rogards lo lho vasl InovIodgo of Imam AIi
(poaco bo upon him) of vhich, lo narralo lhom aII horo is nol
possibIo for us.
51

As voII, in lho ahadilh from lho AhI aI-Bail (poaco bo upon him),
lhoro aro manv lradilions vhich poinl lo lho facl lhal lho sinIoss
A'immah had KnovIodgo of lho Insoon. For lhoso vho vouId IiIo
lo road moro aboul lhis, ono can rofor lo aI-Kafi, VoIumo 1, in lho
various soclions vhich monlion lhoso ahadilh.

AIso, lho Ialo AIIamah MajIisi in his vorI, Bihar aI-Anvar in
voIumo 27, has narralod quilo a Iargo numbor of ahadilh, vhich fiII
somo 22 chaplors on lhis lopic.
109
Thoso ahadilh vhich spoaI aboul lho Irophol (bIossings of AIIah bo
upon him and his progonv) and lho A'immah having KnovIodgo of
lho Insoon havo acluaIIv roachod lo lho IovoI of lavalur (moaning
lhal lhoso ahadilh havo boon so consoculivoIv narralod lhal il is nol
possibIo lo donv lho loxl) in lorms of IIm aI-Hadilh.

Nov lho quoslion romains lhal: Hov can ono oxpIain somo of lho
vorsos of lho HoIv Our'an and lho ahadilh vhich donv lhal anvono
olhor lhan AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) has KnovIodgo of lho
Insoon, vhiIo olhor vorsos slalo somo can havo lhis InovIodgo`

Difforonl ansvors aro givon lo lhis quoslion incIuding lho
foIIoving:

1. Tho mosl popuIar ansvor vhich hoIps us roconciIo lhoso lvo
confIicling viovs is lhal lho moaning lhal KnovIodgo of lho
Insoon is confinod lo AIIah is lhal il is His Ovn and IorsonaI
InovIodgo. Thoroforo, no olhor porson has lho abiIilv lo Inov lhis
InovIodgo oxcopl vilh His pormission and vhalovor InovIodgo
olhors havo is from Him and lhrough His Graco upon lhom.

Tho proof of lhis is lho vorso lhal is undor discussion vhich slalos:

`. ' .`, -' `, `.` . . ' ..`
``, ..`` `, `:` . ` `
Tho Knovor of lho Insoon! So lhon Ho doos nol
rovoaI His socrols lo anvono. Excopl lo him vhom
Ho is pIoasod vilh from among His Mossongors so
lhon suroIv Ho pIacos boforo him and bohind him a
guard.

In Nahj aI-BaIagha, lhis samo poinl has boon monlionod vhon AIi
(poaco bo upon him) informod olhors of ovonls lhal vouId happon
in lho fuluro (for oxampIo, lho invasion of lho MoguIs inlo lho
110
IsIamic Empiro). Ono of his companions said, 'O Amir aI-
Mo'minin! Do vou cIaim lo havo KnovIodgo of lho Insoon` Tho
Imam Iaughod and ropIiod:

` `, . ` .`, . . . .` . . . ` .
This is nol KnovIodgo of lho Insoon, ralhor, lhis
is lhal InovIodgo vhich vas laughl lo mo bv lho
possossor of InovIodgo (lho Irophol).
52

This oxpIanalion is ono lhal a groal numbor of schoIars and
rosoarchors havo agrood upon.

2. Tho KnovIodgo of lho Insoon aro of lvo lvpos lho firsl is lhal
vhich is spocificaIIv Iimilod lo AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
and no ono oxcopl for Him Inovs il, such as vhon lho Dav of
Iudgomonl viII laIo pIaco and olhor such issuos. Tho socond lvpo is
lhal InovIodgo vhich Ho loachos lo His Irophols (poaco bo upon
lhom) and inlimalo frionds. Again, in Nahj aI-BaIagha, undor lho
samo spooch (as quolod abovo), vo road lho foIIoving:

`. ` ' .`, `. ' ` ' `-`.` `
`. . ' `. `` ' ..` ' ..`,
`.` ' .` -`. ` .
.` ..` `' `.' .
VoriIv InovIodgo of lho Insoon is lho InovIodgo
of lho Dav of Iudgmonl and vhal AIIah has
monlionod in His Saving: VoriIv, AIIah is Ho vilh
Whom is lho InovIodgo of lho Hour and Ho sonds
dovn lho rain, and Ho Inovs vhal is in lho vomb:
and no souI Inovs vhal ho shaII oarn lomorrov:

111
nor doos anv souI Inov in vhal Iand ho shaII dio
in.
53

Thon lo furlhor oxpIain lhis, lho Imam (poaco bo upon him) addod

`.`, ' `-`` ` ' `' `' ` -`. ,.
... ` , `' ,- `' - ,- `'
' `' =- ' `. . ` `,` .- ' .`,
' ``` . . `- ' . ' : .. ` `. ` `
``, , . ' ` `, . . .'. ,
. `, .- `, `.=`. .` - .
Thoroforo, AIIah aIono has InovIodgo in roforonco
lo lhal vhich is in lho vomb of lho molhor
vholhor il is a bov or a girI: vholhor il is boaulifuI
or ugIv: vholhor il viII bo gonorous or misorIv:
vholhor il viII bo succossfuI or misforlunalo:
vholhor lhal (vhich is in lho vomb) vouId bo lho
fuoI for lho hoII firo or roIaxing in lho gardons in lho
companv of lho Irophols. This is lho KnovIodgo of
lho Insoon vhich no ono Inovs olhor lhan AIIah.
Olhor lhan lhis, lhoro is InovIodgo vhich AIIah
laughl His Mossongor (bIossings of AIIah bo upon
him and his progonv) vhich ho has laughl mo and
ho (lho Irophol) aIso pravod for mo lhal mv bosom
mav rolain il and mv ribs mv hoId il.
54

Il is possibIo lhal somo poopIo aro givon gonoraI InovIodgo in
roIalion lo lho slalo or sox of lho folus, or lho faIIing of lho rain, or
olhor lhings IiIo lhis, hovovor, compIolo and comprohonsivo
112
InovIodgo and lho abiIilv lo inform olhors of lhoso parlicuIar
characlorislics is onIv rosorvod lo lho puro Essonco of AIIah.

This can bo soon in lho InovIodgo of Oivamah lhal vo loo havo a
gonoraI InovIodgo of lhis dav: hovovor vo aro nol givon
informalion of lho parlicuIar characlorislics and aII of lho
pocuIiarilios of il.

Thoroforo, if in lho ahadilh vo soo lhal lho Irophol (bIossings of
AIIah bo upon him and his progonv) or lho A'immah (poaco bo upon
lhom) gavo olhors InovIodgo of a babv lhal vouId bo born, or
vhon lho ond of lho Iifo of a porson vouId como, lhon vo musl sav
lhal lhis InovIodgo is roIalod lo lhal gonoraI InovIodgo lhal lhov
voro granlod bv AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).

3. Anolhor vav lo combino lho inlorprolalion of lhoso lvo lhoorios
bv using lho vorsos of lho Our'an and ahadilh is lo slalo lhal lho
socrols of lho unsoon aro rocordod in lvo soparalo aroas: lho .- -.
(IavhuI Mahfuz) or lho Guardod TabIol (lhis is lho spociaI, guardod
InovIodgo onIv avaiIabIo lo AIIah) in vhich no changos or
varialions can laIo pIaco and of vhich nol a singIo souI has
informalion of: and lho socond aroa is lho .. .- -. (Iavh Mahv
va Ilhbal) or lho TabIol of Chango and Confirmalion. Tho
InovIodgo conlainod on lhis labIol is changoabIo and aIlorabIo
doponding on corlain condilions. Il is lho InovIodgo conlainod
horo, vhich is aIso KnovIodgo of lho Insoon, lhal is nol Iimilod lo
AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) aIono, and lhus, olhors can havo
accoss lo lhis InovIodgo.

Il is bocauso of lhoso lvo difforonl aroas vhoro InovIodgo is slorod
lhal vo havo lho foIIoving narralion from Imam Iafar as-adiq
(poaco bo upon him):


113
. `. ` ` ` . .` .``' `. `
`' ``` ,`' `` ` `` ` ``` ` `- ` .
Ono lvpo of InovIodgo is lhal vhich onIv AIIah
has and no ono oIso Inovs. Anolhor lvpo of
InovIodgo is lho lvpo vhich Ho has informod
AngoIs, Irophols and

AposlIos, and vo (lho AhI aI-
Bail) aIso Inov il.
55

Tho foIIoving has boon narralod from Imam AIi ibn aI-Husain
(poaco bo upon him):

. `. . . ' - . `.`` . . .
. .. . `. ' , ` `. ' . ` .`..
' ` .. .`- ' ` .. ` . '' `.` `.
' .
If ono vorso had nol boon in lho HoIv Our'an, I aIso
vouId havo informod vou of lho pasl happonings
and vhal viII happon unliI lho Dav of Iudgomonl.
Tho Narralor savs lhal ho asIod lho Imam: Which
vorso is lhal` Tho Imam ropIiod: AIIah savs:
'AIIah maIos lo pass avav and oslabIishos vhal Ho
pIoasos, and vilh Him is lho basis of lho BooI.
56

In lhis argumonl, lho InovIodgo has boon dividod inlo dofinilo and
indofinilo. In lho procoding argumonl il vas parl or fuII (hov much
of lho InovIodgo). (Iondor ovor il).

4. Anolhor vav lo oxpIain lho difforonco is lhal in praclico, AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) has compIolo InovIodgo ovor aII lhal
vhich is hiddon (lo olhors) and il is possibIo lhal lho Irophols and
inlimalo frionds of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho), in praclico or
114
on lhoir ovn, do nol havo accoss lo lhis InovIodgo. Hovovor,
vhon lhov inlond or vish lo Inov such lhings, lhon AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) loachos il lo lhom. Of courso lhis
inlonlion or vish is onIv vilh lho pormission and pIoasuro of AIIah

Thoroforo, lo summarizo lho vorsos of lho Our'an and ahadilh lhal
loII us lhal lho Irophol (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his
progonv), A'immah (poaco bo upon lhom) and olhors do nol havo
KnovIodgo of lho Insoon moans lhal al lhal oxacl limo, lhov do nol
possoss lho InovIodgo: and lhoso vorsos or ahadilh vhich sav lhal
lhov do possoss KnovIodgo of lho Insoon moan lhal lhov havo lho
abiIilv lo gain such InovIodgo (from AIIah, (GIorifiod and ExaIlod
is Ho)).

This can bo comparod lo a porson vho is givon a Iollor from
somoono and is roquoslod lo pass lho Iollor lo a lhird porson. In lhis
oxampIo vo can sav lhal lho porson vho vas givon lho Iollor doos
nol Inov vhal il conlains. Hovovor al lho samo limo, ho is abIo lo
opon lho Iollor and road il conlonls (as Iong as lho porson vho gavo
him lho Iollor gavo him lho pormission lo do so). In lhis ovonl, ho
vouId havo InovIodgo of vhal is conlainod in lho Iollor. If ho doos
nol givo him pormission, lhon ho vouId romain unavaro of ils
conlonls.

Tho bosl oxampIo of KnovIodgo of lho Insoon, aflor combining aII
lho moanings of lho ahadilh lhal havo boon monlionod can bo found
in AI-Kafi in lho soclion lilIod, 'SuroIv lho A'immah, vhon lhov
vanl lo Inov somolhing, lhov aro laughl il!

Thoro is a hadilh from Imam Iafar as-adiq (poaco bo upon him) in
vhich ho slalod:

``' `, .` .' `. ' ' : ` .
115
Whon lho Imam inlonds lo Inov somolhing, AIIah
loachos lhal lhing lo him.
57

This inlorprolalion cIoars up a Iol of lho difficuIlios and
misundorslandings in roIalion lo lho InovIodgo of lho Irophol
(bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) and lho A'immah
(poaco bo upon lhom aII) such as: hov is il possibIo for lhom lo
drinI valor or oal food lhal is Iacod vilh poison vhoroas vo Inov
lhal il is nol pormillod for a porson lo do an acl lhal viII Ioad lo
dangor of Iosing his Iifo. Thus, vo musl sav lhal in such oxampIos,
lho Irophol (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) or lho
A'immah (poaco bo upon lhom aII) havo nol boon givon lho
pormission bv AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) lo maIo uso of
lho KnovIodgo of lho Insoon lhal is lhoro and usuaIIv avaiIabIo lo
lhom.

AIso, somolimos lho bollormonl roquiros lhal lho Irophol (bIossings
of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) and A'immah (poaco bo upon
lhom aII) aro nol mado avaro of a corlain lhing or lhal lhov aro nol
loId of il, so lhal lho ovonl can pass as a losl for lhom vhich vouId
rosuIl in lhoir compIolonoss as a human boing. For oxampIo, il has
boon monlionod in lho ovonl rocordod in hislorv Inovn as IaiIaluI
Mabil in vhich AIi (poaco bo upon him) sIopl on lho bod of lho
Irophol (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv), in vhich il
has boon narralod from AIi (poaco bo upon lhom aII) lhal ho himsoIf
said lhal ho did nol Inov vholhor lho poIvlhoisls of lho Ouraish
vouId allacI him on lhal nighl and ho vouId bocomo a marlvr in
lho vav of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) or if his Iifo vouId bo
sparod`

In lhis inslanco, lho bollormonl roquiros lhal lho Imam (poaco bo
upon him) is nol mado avaro of lho oulcomo of his aclions so lhal
lho Divino losl of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) can laIo form.
Thus, if lho Imam (poaco bo upon him) Inov lhal ho vas going lo
bo sIooping on lho bod of lho Irophol (bIossings of AIIah bo upon
116
him and his famiIv) and lhon lho noxl morning, ho vouId vaIo up
safo and sound, lhon lhis vouId nol bo an acl of honour or gIorv for
lho Imam (poaco bo upon him): and lhal vhich is monlionod in lho
vorsos of lho Our'an and lho ahadilh in roIalion lo lho imporlanco of
lhis acl of soIf-sacrifico vouId nol havo had anv moaning.

Of courso, lho issuo of KnovIodgo of lho Insoon boing accossibIo if
lho Irophol (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) or
A'immah (poaco bo upon lhom aII) vish cIoars up lhis and olhor
lvpos of confusions.

5. Anolhor vav lo roconciIo lhoso difforing viovs lhal aro found in
lho ahadilh in roIalion lo KnovIodgo of lho Insoon (hovovor,
pIoaso nolo lhal lhis vav of roconciIialion is in roIalion lo somo of
lho narralions as voII and lhal lho poopIo vho voro boing spoIon
lo in lhoso various ahadilh voro difforonl poopIo) is lhal somo of lho
companions of lho Irophol and A'immah had lho abiIilv lo
undorsland and accopl lho issuo of KnovIodgo of lho Insoon in
roIalion lo lho A'immah (poaco bo upon lhom aII) such lhal il couId
bo loId lo lhoso companions in ils onlirolv. Hovovor in roIalion lo
various olhor companions, lhov voro oilhor lo voaI (of failh) or
unabIo lo undorsland and accopl such concopls.

For oxampIo, vo road a hadilh lhal onco Abu Basir and a Iargo
group of companions voro in lho houso of Imam Iafar as-adiq
(poaco bo upon him) vhon aII of a suddon lho Imam onlorod lho
room upsol, sal dovn and said lho foIIoving:

`.` ' ..``` .' - ' .`, `.` ' .` , .
' .`. - .`. .` ` - ` `
` ` `. ' `. ` `, .. ' .
117
Il is surprising lhal somo poopIo lhinI lhal vo
havo KnovIodgo of lho Insoon (IIm aI-Ghaib). No
ono aparl from AIIah has lhis InovIodgo. I vanlod
lo roprimand mv fomaIo-sIavo hovovor sho has
disappoarod from mv prosonco and I do nol Inov
vhich room of mv houso sho is in.
5S

Tho narralor of lho hadilh lhon said, Whon lho Imam slood up and
Iofl lho assombIv, mo and a group of lho companions gol up and
vonl inlo lho houso of lho Imam and said lo him, 'Mav vo bo
sacrificod for vou in! In rogards lo vhal vou said roIaling lo ono of
vour fomaIo sorvanls lhal vou do nol havo lho KnovIodgo of lho
Insoon, hovovor vo Inov lhal vou havo various lvpos of
InovIodgo, lhus, vhv did vou sav vhal vou did concorning vour
fomaIo sIavo`

Tho Imam (poaco bo upon him) lhon oIaboralod on his slalomonl
vhich conlainod an oxpIanalion aboul KnovIodgo of lho Insoon.

Il vas cIoar lhal in lho galhoring, lhoro voro poopIo vho did nol
havo lho abiIilv or apliludo nocossarv lo undorsland and
comprohond lho moaning, nor did lhov havo a doop cognizanco of
lho Imam (and lhis is vhv ho said vhal ho did).

Il musl bo poinlod oul lhal lhoso fivo poinls monlionod do nol
opposo or conlradicl ono anolhor and aII of lhoso poinls can bo
laIon as lrulhfuI. (Iondor on lhis)

2. Anolhor Wav lo Irovo lhal lho Irophols
and A'immah havo KnovIodgo of lho Insoon

Al lhis poinl, vo prosonl lvo olhor proofs lhal confirm lho lrulh
lhal lho Irophol (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his progonv)
and lho SinIoss A'immah (poaco bo upon lhom aII) havo a gonoraI
KnovIodgo of lho Insoon.
11S
Firsl: Tho jurisdiclion of lho Irophol (bIossings of AIIah bo upon
him and his progonv) and lho A'immah (poaco bo upon lhom aII)
vas univorsaI and for aII limo, lhus il vas nol Iimilod. Ralhor, lho
AposlIoship of lho Irophol (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his
progonv) and lho Ioadorship of lho A'immah (poaco bo upon lhom
aII) vas vorId-vido and olornaI. Thus, hov is il possibIo lhal
somoono can bo givon such a vido jurisdiclion and aulhorilv, bul
vol al lho samo limo aro onIv givon InovIodgo of lhal parlicuIar
limo and pIaco in vhich lhov aro Iiving in`

Is il possibIo for a porson vho is for oxampIo, givon lho
rosponsibiIilv of boing a govornor or adminislralor of a Iargo
counlrv lo nol bo avaro of lhal aroa and al lho samo limo bo abIo lo
fuIfiII his roIo of aulhorilv or conlroI ovor lhal aroa`

In olhor vords, lho Irophol (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his
progonv) and A'immah (poaco bo upon lhom aII) had lo givo
guidanco, inslruclions and Iav dovn Iavs vhich vouId hoIp poopIo
vho vouId como in lho fuluro and in aII Iands and nol onIv bo
Iimilod lo lhoso vho voro lhoir conlomporarios. This is nol possibIo
oxcopl bv possossing al Ioasl a smaII porlion of lho KnovIodgo of
lho Insoon.

SocondIv: Thoro aro lhroo vorsos of lho HoIv Our'an vhich if vo
pIaco lhom noxl lo ono anolhor, vouId fuIIv oxpIain lho KnovIodgo
of lho Insoon lhal had boon granlod lo lho Irophol (bIossings of
AIIah bo upon him and his progonv) and A'immah (poaco bo upon
lhom aII).

1. Tho firsl is aboul a porson namod sif bin BarIhiva, vho in lho
lvinIIing of an ovo, broughl lho lhrono of BiIqis lo lho courl of
Irophol SuIavman (poaco bo upon him):

119
. . ' ` . 9,:0M ` ' . .' ` :, ' .
`. . ` `` ` :`~ :`, ``
`
Ono vho had somo InovIodgo of lho booI said: I
viII bring il lo vou in lho lvinIIing of an ovo. Thon
vhon ho sav il sollIod bosido him, ho said: This is
bv lho graco of mv Iord.
59

2. Tho socond vorso slalos:

`. ` ` `.`, `, ,.
' .
Sav: AIIah is sufficionl as a Wilnoss bolvoon mo
and vou and vhoovor has InovIodgo of lho
booI.
60

In manv narralions bolh in lho booIs of lho AhI as-Sunnah and
Shia, il is slalod lhal vhon lho Irophol (poaco bo upon him and his
famiIv) vas asIod bv Abu Said Khudri aboul Ono vho had somo
InovIodgo of lho booI (min aI-Kilab)`"
61
lho Irophol (bIossings of
AIIah bo upon him and his progonv) ropIiod lhal il vas lho
succossor of his brolhor SuIavman bin Davud. Thon ho asIod lho
Irophol lhal vho vas lho ono vho has (compIolo) InovIodgo of
lho BooI`
62
Ho ropIiod: Il is mv brolhor AIi ibn Abi 1aIib.
63

Iaving allonlion lo lho firsl vorso lhal slalos, '.somo InovIodgo of
lho booI (vhich has boon roIalod lo bo in roforonco lo sif ibn
BarIhiva) is a fraclion or a sharo of lho InovIodgo: vhoroas in lho
socond vorso, 'InovIodgo of lho booI (vhich has boon roIalod lo bo
in roforonco lo AIi ibn Abi 1aIib (poaco bo upon him)) is compIolo
InovIodgo. Thoroforo, lho difforonco bolvoon lho slalion of
120
InovIodgo lhal vas granlod lo sif and lhal vhich vas granlod lo
AIi (poaco bo upon him) is mado cIoar.

3. Tho lhird vorso undor discussion is:

:`, ` ' .` ,` .
.and Wo havo rovoaIod lho BooI lo vou cIoarIv
oxpIaining ovorvlhing.
64

Il is cIoar lhal ono vho Inovs lho socrols of lhis BooI, musl aIso
havo KnovIodgo of lho Insoon, and lhis is in ilsoIf cIoar proof lhal
il is possibIo for mon from among lho inlimalo frionds of AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) lo havo KnovIodgo of lho Insoon, bv
lho pormission of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho).
65

3. An In-Doplh Sludv Rogarding lho Croalion of lho Iinn

Tho Iinn, jusl as lho IiloraI moaning of lho vord donolos, aro
croalions vhich aro unsoon as having manv characlorislics. Il has
boon monlionod in lho Our'an lhal:

1) Thov aro boings lhal havo boon croalod from firo, as opposod lo
man vho has boon croalod and fashionod from dirl:

, ' ` .`. - ... , ' .-
`
Ho croalod man from drv cIav IiIo Earlhon vossoIs,
and Ho croalod lho Iinn from firo froo of smoIo.
66

2) Tho Iinn aro croaluros lhal havo InovIodgo and undorslanding
and aro abIo lo discorn bolvoon lrulh and faIsohood. Thov aIso
havo lho povor of Iogic and doduclion. (Soo various val of SuraluI
Iinn, as havo aIroadv boon monlionod)
121
3) Tho Iinn loo havo a rosponsibiIilv lovards lhoir Croalor. (Various
val of SuraluI Iinn and SuraluI Rahman)

4) A group of lhom aro righloous boIiovors, and a group of lhom aro
non-boIiovors:

' ' .` ..`- . ,~ :
As for us, corlainIv somo of us aro righloous and
olhors aro nol. Wo havo aII foIIovod difforonl
palhs.
67

5) Thov loo havo a dav vhon lhov viII bo broughl logolhor and viII
havo lo accounl for lhoir doods:

' ' ..= =- .`.- .`
Hovovor, lho dovialors from lho Trulh viII bo lho
fuoI for hoII.
6S

6) Thov usod lo havo lho abiIilv lo go lo lho hoavons and ovon
rocoivod InovIodgo from lhoro and usod lo sloaI informalion, bul
lhis vas Ialor on vas forbiddon for lhom:

' .` ` ` ` `` ` ' . `- .
. ` .`
Wo usod lo sil noar bv and lrv lo Iislon lo lho
hoavons, bul shooling fIamos nov avail lhoso vho
lrv lo do lhal.
69

7) Somo of lhom aro abIo lo mool and communicalo vilh human
boings, and aro abIo lo incroaso lhoir Iimilod InovIodgo and
informalion, roIaling lo somo of lho socrols of lho vorId:

122
- . ``' . ` ' . ` .- ..` ' `.-
`.``
Corlain human boings soughl rofugo vilh corlain
Iinn and lhis incroasod lho roboIIiousnoss of lhoso
Iinn.
70

S) From among lhom, vo find somo lhal havo groal povors and
slronglh, jusl as vo find among humans boings as voII:

. `. ` ' ' `- `. .. .' ` :,
` `, ` : `' ..
A monslrous Iinn said, I can bring il (lho Throno
of BiIqis) boforo vou ovon sland up. VoriIv I am
povorfuI and lruslvorlhv.
71

9) Somo of lhom havo lho abiIilv lo porform lasIs on bohaIf of
human boings, as has boon monlionod in lho Our'an:

' ` ., ` `, ` `- ... ` ..`
. ..- .- , .-` ...
.and of lho Iinn lhoro voro lhoso vho vorIod
boforo him (SuIavman) bv lho command of his Iord
. lhov mado for him vhal ho pIoasod of forlrossos
and imagos, and bovIs (Iargo) as valoring-lroughs
and cooIing-pols.
72

10) Thoir croalion and pIacing on lho Earlh, looI pIaco boforo lho
croalion of manIind:

' ` ` .- ' .``

123
.and Wo croalod lho Iinn boforo (lho human
boing) of smoIoIoss firo.
73

In addilion lo lhis, from lho vorsos of lho Our'an, vo can cIoarIv soo
lhal conlrarv lo lhal vhich is in lho minds of lho common poopIo
(vho fooI lhal lhov aro bollor lhan lho Iinn), lhoro aro lruIv somo
poopIo vho aro bollor lhan lhom and our proof is lhal aII of lho
Irophols of AIIah aro human boings lhal voro choson (for lho roIo
of Iropholhood) and il vas lho Iinn vho voro commandod lo
boIiovo in lho Irophol of IsIam (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and
his progonv) vho vas a human boing and voro commandod lo
foIIovod him.

Abovo aII, Shaitan vho, according lo lho Our'an vas of lho Iinn (soo
vorso 50 of SuraluI Kahf), vas commandod lo porform Sajdah lo
Irophol dam (poaco bo upon him) and lhis shovs lho groalnoss
and ominonco of manIind ovor lho Iinn.

Ip unliI lhis poinl, our discussion vas conlorod on lho facls lhal
voro monlionod in lho HoIv Our'an, vhich is froo from aII sorls of
corruplion, in roIalion lo lhis unsoon croalion. Hovovor, as vo
Inov, lho common poopIo and lhoso vho aro irralionaI havo
conjoclurod up various aduIloralod idoas in roIalion lo lhis croalion
of AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) vhich bolh lho inloIIigonco
and Iogic can nol accopl.

Duo lo lhis, a corrupl and unroaIislic viov of lhis croalion has boon
mado such lhal vhonovor lho vord Iinn is monlionod, a vhoIo
group of corrupl lhoughls and boIiofs pop up in lho mind of lho
poopIo. Somo lhings lhal poopIo monlion aro lhal lho Iinn havo lho
abiIilv of molamorphosis, lhus, lhov laIo lho shapo and form of
various slrango, viId and scarv croaluros. Thov aro aIso lhoughl lo
bo croalions fuII of angor and rago and lhal if lhov voro lo lhrov a
bovI of hol valor inlo an omplv aroa of a houso lhon lho vhoIo
houso vouId calch on firo: and olhor boIiofs such as lhoso.
124
Hovovor, if lho issuo of lho Iinn vas lo bo sludiod vilhoul aII of
lhoso slrango and vrong misconcoplions, lhon lho primarv lopic al
hand vouId bo compIoloIv undorslood and accoplod, sinco vo havo
no proof lhal Iiving croaluros lhal oxisl aro Iimilod lo onIv lhoso lhal
can bo soon bv lho naIod ovo. Ralhor, lho schoIars of RoIigion, and
lho Scionlisls and Rosoarchors of lho naluraI scioncos havo said lhal
anv croaluro lhal manIind is abIo lo discorn bv using his sonsos,
cannol bo comparod lo lhoso croaluros lhal cannol bo porcoivod bv
lho fivo naluraI sonsos.

InliI roconlIv vhon unsoon croalions lho sizo of aloms had nol boon
discovorod, nobodv vouId havo boIiovod lhal in ono drop of valor
or ono drop of bIood, lhoro oxisls lhousands and lhousands of
Iiving organisms vhich vo as humans did nol havo lho povor lo
soo.

AIso, lho scionlisls havo monlionod lhal our ovn ovos aro Iimilod in
vhal coIours il can soo: aIso, our oars aro Iimilod lo lho spoclrum
and froquoncios of sounds vhich il can hoar. Tho coIours vhich vo
cannol soo and lho sounds vhich vo cannol hoar aro much moro in
numbor lhan vo aro abIo lo soo or hoar!

Whon vo soo lhal lho slalo of lho vorId and our surroundings aro
such, lhon il is no pIaco of amazomonl lhal lhoro can bo various
lvpos of Iiving croaluros in lhis univorso vhich vo aro nol abIo lo
porcoivo. Thus, vhon lho lruo Iighl - lho Irophol of IsIam (bIossings
of AIIah bo upon him and his progonv) - informs us aboul such
croalions, vhv is il nol possibIo for us lo accopl lhom`

In anv caso, on ono hand, vo havo lho Our'an - lho lruo spoIon
vord - vhich has informod us of lho Iinn aIong vilh lhoir spociaI
characlorislics as monlionod abovo: and on anolhor sido, vo havo
no IogicaI proof lhal can bo broughl forlh lo donv lhoir oxislonco.
Thus, vo musl accopl lhoir oxislonco and slav avav from aII vrong
and corrupl idoas. Wo musl aIso Ioop avav from aII conlaminalod

125
idoas lhal aro in lho minds of lho common poopIo vhiIo discussing
lho Iinn.

Il is aIso imporlanl lo monlion lhis finaI poinl lhal lho vord Iinn
somolimos carrios a much vidor moaning vhich incIudos various
unsoon croalions bolh lhoso lhal possoss inloIIocl and lhoso vho
do nol. Somolimos, ovon somo animaIs lhal can bo soon bv lho
naIod ovo, bul aro hiddon insido lhoir nosl or don aro aIso incIudod
in lhis vidor moaning of Iinn.

An oxampIo of lhis can bo soon in lho narralions from lho Irophol of
IsIam (bIossings of AIIah upon him and his famiIv) in vhich ho said:

, ' ` ' ` `- `.' `.`. ' ....
`.`. ,- `. `.`. `. `.`. .- ' `.
`.`. `..`, ' .- ' . .
AIIah has croalod lho Iinn in fivo difforonl lvpos:
Ono group is IiIo lho vind (unsoon): anolhor group
is in lho form of a snaIo: a lhird group is in lho
form of a scorpion: lho noxl group is lhoso viId
animaIs of lho Iand: and lho Iasl group is jusl IiIo
humans vhich havo accounlabiIilv for lhoir good
and bad doods.
74

Bv paving cIoso allonlion lo lhis hadilh and ils vido dofinilion (of
lho Iinn), vorv manv difficuIlios and probIoms vhich aro monlionod
in various olhor ahadilh and slorios in roIalion lo lho Iinn aro
soIvod.

For oxampIo, in somo of lho ahadilh from Amir aI-Mo'minin AIi ibn
Abi 1aIib (poaco bo upon him), vo road lho foIIoving:

126
`.` . ' ` ... ' .,. ` ` . ..
' `` .=`,` . ' `` ' .
Do nol drinI valor from a broIon or dofoclivo
gIass, sinco voriIv Shaitan sils in lho dofoclivo and
broIon (gIassos).
75

Kooping in mind lhal Shaitan is from lho Iinn and lhal a broIon dish
and lho aroa vhoro il is Iopl is a pIaco vhoro aII lvpos of microbos
and gorms galhor, il is nol difficuIl lo assumo lhal lho vords Iinn
and Shaitan (as usod in lhoso ahadilh) carrv a gonoraI moaning and
vouId incIudo lhoso lhings (gorms and microbos) loo ovon lhough
lhis hadilh (and olhors) havo a spocific moaning lhal lho Iinn or
Shaitan is a boing vilh undorslanding and inloIIigonco and havo a
rosponsibiIilv lo lhoir Croalor and lho ahadilh in lhoso rogards aro
aIso quilo numorous.
76


127

O AIIah! On lhal dav vhon lho Iinn and ManIind vilh bo broughl
forlh lho Courl of Iuslico in Your prosonco and lhoso vho had
commillod vicIod doods viII fooI romorso for lhoir aclions, covor us
vilh lho shadov of Your Graco.

O AIIah! Tho sphoro of Your Dominion is vido and spacious and
our ovn InovIodgo and undorslanding is Iimilod, lhoroforo, pIoaso
prolocl us from lho sIips and orrors and mislaIos lhal vo faII prov
lo.

O AIIah! Tho slalion and ranI of Your Irophol is so groal lhal in
addilion lo his invilalion (lo lho roIigion of IsIam) boing oxlondod lo
humanilv, aII olhor croalions loo ansvorod his caII lhus, pIoaso
accopl and pIaco us amongsl lho ranIs of lho lruo boIiovors.

CompIolion of lho Commonlarv of SuraluI Iinn
Fridav, 21
sl
of lho Monlh of Muharram aI-Haram, 140S AH
Nasir MaIarim Shirazi
' `. ``- '

129
SoIoclion of Ahadilh from
aI-IsuI aI-Kafi Concorning lho Iinn

.' `. ' ,' `- ` `.`..'`, `.. `..`' ..` .`-. `.. .
Tho Iinn como lo lhom (lho A'immah)
for RoIigious Inslruclions and for SollIing lhoir Affairs

Hadilh 1

-`.' `` ` `-` ` ` ` ,`- `
` ` ' `. . ' `.`,' `- , `, ' ` ` .
` ```,' - . .. . .,- `- -`
' ` ``` ``' `.- ' . ., . .' .
` ``. `.`.`' ' - ` ' `..`, `'. ' `` `.. ' `.`.`.`
' . . . ' `' `- ` , `.` `, `
' `. . `, `. . ' `. ` :`, .
`. -' ' `' ` , `.` ``. `. '
`.`.` `, `-' `. ' `. `.`..' .' - `-
' - ` ' '. ` ' `.`.`.` ' . . ` `.`.`' `
`. `. . . :`.` :' ' `- . . `.
:.`' . `' `. . .'` . . `.. . `
- - `.. `.. .
Somo of our companions narralod from our poopIo,
vho havo narralod from Muhammad ibn AIi from
Yahva ibn Musavir from Sad aI-AsIaf vho said
130
lho foIIoving: On ono of mv mooling vilh Abu
Iafar (poaco bo upon him) vhon I vonl lo soo him,
ho asIod mo lo vail. I vailod unliI lho sun bocamo
vorv hol on mo, lhus I lriod lo foIIov lho shadov lo
slav avav from lho sun. Nol vorv Iong aflor, a
group of poopIo lhal IooIod IiIo Iocusls drossod in
Iargo govns and voro vorv paIo and sIim duo lo
oxlonsivo vorshipping, camo oul from vhoro lho
Imam vas. Thoir boaulifuI sighl mado mo forgol
mv lroubIos. Whon I vonl in lho prosonco of lho
Imam (poaco bo upon him) ho said, 'I am afraid I
causod vou hardships.

I said, 'Yos, il vas difficuIl bul bv AIIah, I forgol
ovorvlhing vhon I sav lhom. A group of poopIo
passod bv lho IiIo of vhoso boaulv I had nol soon
boforo. Thov IooIod IiIo Iocusls lhal voro paIo and
sIim duo lo vorshipping a groal doaI.

Tho Imam (poaco bo upon him) said, 'O Sad, did
vou soo lhom` I said, 'Yos, I sav lhom. Tho Imam
(poaco bo upon him) said, 'Thov aro vour brolhron

Tho narralor said, 'I asIod lho Imam (poaco bo upon
him), 'Do lhov como lo vou` Ho said, 'Yos, lhov
como lo us for roIigious inslruclions and lo Ioarn
lho IavfuI and unIavfuI mallors from us.

Hadilh 2

` `. ` `-` `` ' ` .- ` ` `
` ` .,` , ' ` ' ` - ` ' , ` ,

131
' ` ` . . `, - ``. `' ` ' ' `..`,
``' ,' ` ' ' ' , `, ' ` ` . . `.`.`
.`. .` . `.` ' `-
AIi ibn Muhammad has narralod from SahI ibn
Zivad from AIi ibn Hisan from Ibrahim ibn Isma'iI
from Ibn IabaI, vho has said lho foIIoving: On
ono occasion vo voro in fronl of lho door of lho
houso of Abu AbdiIIah (poaco bo upon him) vhon a
group of poopIo vho IooIod IiIo Indian gvpsios
camo oul voaring Ioin cIolhs lo covor lhoir bodios.
Wo asIod Abu AbdiIIah (poaco bo upon him) aboul
lhom and ho said, 'Thov voro vour brolhron from
among lho Iinn.

Hadilh 3

,`- `` ``-` ` `` ``-' ' ` -
' `. ' ` ` ` -`.' ` ` ..
' . `. ' `.`,' `- , `, ' ` ` . ` ' ' . .
.- , `, ' . .`. ' .`.. `.
`. `.` ``. ``` ..`.`` . ' ' . .
`- ' `. , `, ' ` ` . `. ` .`-
` :` '=`' ' .`- `. `.`' `., ` ` ` `
`.`.`` `' . . :' ` .` ' ``
132
. . `. . `.`.` :' . ' .`' `-
- ` .'`, `.. `..- . `.. .
Ahmad ibn Idris and Muhammad ibn Yahva havo
narralod from aI-Hasan ibn AIi aI-Kufi from Ibn aI-
FaddaI from a corlain porson of our poopIo from
Sad aI-AsIaf, vho has said lho foIIoving: Ono
limo I vonl lo asI for pormission lo mool Abu Iafar
(poaco bo upon him). I found saddIos of camoIs
Iinod up in fronl of lho door and hoard vorv Ioud
noisos. Al lhis limo, a group of poopIo camo oul
vho voro voaring lurbans and IooIod IiIo lhoso of
lho Indian gvpsios. I asIod Abu Iafar (poaco bo
upon him) aboul lhom saving, 'Mav AIIah laIo mv
souI in lho sorvico of vour causo. Todav il looI mo
a Iong limo lo rocoivo pormission lo mool vou. I
sav a group of poopIo coming oul vilh lurbans on
lhal I did nol rocognizo.

Ho said, 'Do vou Inov, O Sad, vho lhov voro` I
ropIiod, 'No, I do nol Inov. Tho Imam (poaco bo
upon him) said, 'Thov voro vour brolhron in
roIigion from among lho Iinn. Thov como lo us for
roIigious inslruclions, lo Ioarn lho IavfuI and
unIavfuI mallors and lho principIos of lhoir
roIigion.

Hadilh 4

` `-` ` ,`- `` ``-` ' ` `,`- ` ., `
' ' ` ' . ``,`. .`' ` - .`'
, `, ' ` ` . .- ` ` ` , ' `, `.`--

133
' `` ` - .- . ``. .. . . `.
= `` ' `.`~ `, `` . ' . . . .
. -- ``,~ `.~ . . `.`
' .- `- ' `. , `, ' ` ` . `.
.-. ``. ' . . ' ' .
`. . ``' .,`' ' , '. .` `, `-' . `.
`- .`' , `, ' ` ` . `. ``, `.`-
`- ' ``,~ : `.~ . . `
' ` - `' , ' `' `.` .
. .`' `' . ' `' .' `-
' `' `' , `. `.` .
Muhammad ibn Yahva has narralod from
Muhammad ibn aI-Husavn from Ibrahim ibn AbuI
BaIad from Sadir aI-Savrafi, vho has said lho
foIIoving: Abu Iafar (poaco bo upon him) asIod
mo lo hoIp him vilh a fov lhings in Madina. I Iofl
and vhon I roachod Fajj aI-Ravha (namo of a pIaco)
a man vavod lo mo vilh his cIolhos. Tho narralor
said lhal I lurnod lo him and I lhoughl ho vas
lhirslv. I offorod him a cup bul ho docIinod saving,
'I do nol nood il. Ho gavo mo a Iollor vhoso inI
vas nol drv vol ovon.

Tho narralor said lhal vhon I IooIod al il, il had lho
soaI of Abu Iafar (poaco bo upon him) on il. I asIod
him 'Whon voro vou in lho prosonco of Abu Iafar
(poaco bo upon him)` Ho said, 'Iusl nov I vas in
134
his prosonco. In lho Iollor voro a fov lhings lhal ho
had commandod mo lo do. Whon I IooIod around
lhoro vas no ono vilh mo.

Tho narralor lhon said, 'Aflor lhis, I vonl lo mool
Abu Iafar (poaco bo upon him) and said, 'Mav
AIIah laIo mv souI in lho sorvico of vour causo. A
man camo lo mo vilh vour Iollor, lho inI of vhich
had nol vol driod up. Ho said, 'O Sadir, vo havo
sorvanls from among lho Iinn. Whon vo nood a
lhing lo happon quicIIv, vo sond lhom lo do il.

Hadilh 5

`` ``-` `-` `` ' ' ` `. ` -
- ` `-` ` ` `` `- `- . ,- `
`. .` `.` `.`' ' .` , `, ' ` ` .
.`, . ' ` .` .= - - -' . ' `.` .
`. -` ` . `, . ` ' ' ` `
' '` ` .` . `. `, . ' ' .- ' .
`' ` . . .` . :` .` `- .
`. ``' .' '.-' .`, . . ' `
` `.` `.`` ' ` `. ` .` ` - ``-
.
'AIi ibn Muhammad and Muhammad ibn aI-Hasan
havo narralod from SahI ibn Zivad, from lho porson
vho ho monlionod from Muhammad ibn Iahrash

135
vho has said lhal HaIima, daughlor of Musa has
said lho foIIoving: Onco, I sav ar-RiJa (poaco bo
upon him) slanding al lho door of lho firovood
room vhisporing, bul I couId nol soo anvono oIso
around him. I asIod him, 'Mv maslor, vho aro vou
laIIing lo` Ho said, 'This is 'Amir aI-Zahrai. Ho
has como lo asI a fov quoslions and ho has corlain
compIainls. I lhon asIod, 'Mv maslor, I vouId IiIo
lo hoar his voico. Ho said, 'If vou hoar his voico,
lhon vou viII havo a fovor for ono voar. I said, 'Mv
maslor, I vouId (sliII) IiIo lo hoar him. Ho said,
'AII righl lhon Iislon. I Iislonod and I hoard
somolhing IiIo a vhislIo. I lhon foIl fovorish for ono
onliro voar.

Hadilh 6

-` ` `-` `` ``-' ,`- `` ``-` ` ` ' -
` .,` ` ` ` ` ` . ` ` . ` .,
..'' - ` ` ` ` ` `- ' ` , `,
' ` ` . . `, `' ' `.` , `, ' ` ` . ' `
` ' . ..`' ` . ,- ` ' `.. -`
' `' `' `.` .' ` ' `.` , `, ' ` ` . .'
. . ' ' ` .` `- `. .` ' `
= ' . . ' `.` , `, ' ` ` . ' ` '
' `.` , `, ' ` ` . `- .' `, ` `
=` . ` ` . `, ' = .`' `
136
. ` `` `` :, . ' `- . ' .
.`' . =`' :, .' :``,' ` :'
' ' `.` . ``' `' ` .
' `.` , `, ' ` ` . .. :,.' ' .` .'
. :,' ' `, , :`, `- `.. . .
`. `` ' ' `.` ' ``, .`. .`
' - ` . ` `. `.`- :,', ``
' `, `.-. . `. .
Muhammad ibn Yahva and Ahmad ibn
Muhammad havo narralod from Muhammad ibn
aI-Hasan from Ibrahim ibn Hashim from Amr ibn
Ilhman from Ibrahim ibn Avvub from Amr ibn
Shimr from Iabir from Abu Iafar (poaco bo upon
him), vho had said lho foIIoving: Onco vhon
Amir aI-Muminin AIi (poaco bo upon him) vas on
lho puIpil, a sorponl onlorod from ono of lho doors
of lho Masjid. Tho poopIo vanlod lo IiII lho
sorponl hovovor, Amir aI-Muminin (poaco bo upon
him) asIod lhom lo Ioavo lho snaIo aIono and lhus
lhov Iofl him. Tho sorponl bogan lo cravI lovards
lho puIpil. Ho slrolchod oul and saIulod Amir aI-
Muminin (poaco bo upon him). Tho Imam (poaco
bo upon him) mado a gosluro lo him lo vail unliI
lho sormon vas compIolod. Whon lho sormon vas
finishod, Imam AIi camo lo lho snaIo and said,
'Who aro vou` Ho said, 'I am Amr ibn Ilhman,
vour dopulv among lho Iinns. Mv falhor has diod
and in his viII, ho has asIod mo lo como lo vou and
find oul vour inslruclions and lhal is vhv I am

137
horo. Whal do vou command mo and inslrucl mo
lo do` Amir aI-Muminin (poaco bo upon him)
said, 'I asI vou lo bo pious boforo AIIah and go
bacI and acl as lho succossor of vour falhor among
lho Iinn. I appoinl vou as mv dopulv ovor lhom.

Tho narralor said lhal Amr lhon bid farovoII lo
Amir aI-Muminin AIi (poaco bo upon him) and Iofl
as his dopulv ovor lho Iinn. I asIod lho Imam
(poaco bo upon him), 'Mav AIIah laIo mv souI in
lho sorvico of vour causo, doos Amr fuIfiII lho
obIigalion upon him` Ho said, 'Yos, ho doos so.

Hadilh 7

`-` `` ' - ' ` . ` ` `-` `
`-' ` ' ` ' `.` ' `.` . ` .`'
- ` ` ' .' ```-
' `- , , ' ` ` . ` ` ``.
.` ``` ` ` - ' . `, ` . ` .` .`' -`,
' `. `,. ``- ' . .` ' `
.~ `- ' . ` `. - ` `
`` `,`, `. ` .` ` `-`
- `, ` `~ `.`' `.~ ` .
``. .`, . ' . . ` ` ' `. `'
` ' `. . ` ' `. . `: ' - `` ' .
13S
' `- `.`- ` :`' `. ' .
-. ```' . `- `` ' . `,
' `, . ` ```,' `.`-`.' `, '. ` ` ` -. `
` `` ` `. . ` . `
.. .` . ' .`.``- ` .`.` `-' .` ' ` ,
.`- ` ,`' .` - ` .` .`-
`` ` ' `' `.' ` ' `. `, `.
' `- `, ` ' .,``. ' - ` `- .
' -` `` ' ' .,``. ' - ` `- ... ` `
. ``- `` ' .. ' `. `- `.
` ` ' , : `- `` .' - ` .` `
`` ' ``` `.`. '``- ' ` .` . '
`.`. . `- - ` `` ` ' ' ` `- .
:-`.' ' `- . ` ` `. .- `. ` -
` ``- . ' -` ' ,``. . ' ` . ..
`.`. . . .` , `, `' ' ,``. ` . .
' .. . . ' ``- ' ` . ` . .
` `. ' . `- `` `.`.` `- ` .`.` ' .
- .. . . ` .
AIi ibn Muhammad has narralod from SaIih ibn
Abu Hammad from Muhammad ibn Irma from

139
Ahmad ibn aI-Nadr from aI-Numan ibn Bashir,
vho said lho foIIoving: Onco, I vas
accompanving Iabir ibn Yazid aI-Iufi on a journov.
Wo roachod lho cilv of Madina upon vhich, ho
vonl lo mool Abu Iafar (poaco bo upon him).
(Aflor lho mooling) ho said farovoII lo lho Imam
and camo oul vorv happv unliI vo arrivod lo aI-
IIhavraja, lho firsl Ionglh of lho journov from
Favd lo Madinah. Il vas a Fridav and vo said our
pravors al noon and vhon lho camoI roso lo Ioavo, I
sav a laII, brovnish man vilh a Iollor. Ho gavo il
lo Iabir, vho Iissod il and pIacod il ovor his ovos. Il
vas from Muhammad ibn AIi aI-Baqir (poaco bo
upon lhom) addrossod lo Iabir ibn Yazid vhoso
bIacI inI vas sliII vol. Ho asIod lho laII man,
'Whon voro vou in lho prosonco of mv maslor` Ho
said, 'Iusl nov. Ho asIod, 'Woro vou in his
prosonco boforo or aflor lho pravor` Ho said, 'I vas
lhoro aflor lho pravor. Ho lhon oponod lho soaI
and bogan lo road lho Iollor and his faco bogan lo
IooI slrainod unliI ho road il lo lho ond. Ho hoId
lho Iollor and I did nol soo him Iaughing or happv
unliI vo arrivod in Kufah.

I sponl mv nighl in Kufah and lhon in lho morning,
I vonl lo soo Iabir oul of rospocl and I found him
coming oul lo mool mo vilh a Iargo ring mado of
anIIobonos around his nocI riding on a lvig of
roods saving: 'I soo Mansur ibn Iumhur, a ruIor -
bul no ono obovs him and olhor such rhvmos. Ho
IooIod al mo and I IooIod al him, and ho did nol
sav anvlhing lo mo and I did nol sav anvlhing lo
him. I bogan lo voop vhon I sav him. Tho
chiIdron and poopIo galhorod around us. Ho camo
140
lo ar-Rahba and vouId go in circIos vilh lho
chiIdron, and poopIo slarlod lo sav, 'Iabir has gono
mad, Iabir has gono insano. Bv AIIah, onIv a fov
davs passod lhal a Iollor from Hisham ibn Abd aI-
MaIiI camo lo lho govornor lo IooI for a man caIIod
Iabir ibn Yazid aI-Iufi. Il said, 'KiII him and sond
his hoad lo mo.

Tho govornor lurnod lo lho poopIo in his courl and
asIod, 'Who is lhis Iabir ibn Yazid aI-Iufi` Thov
ropIiod, 'Mav AIIah granl voII boing lo lho
govornor. Iabir vas a man of InovIodgo,
oxcoIIonco, hadilh and Hajj bul nov ho has bocomo
insano. Ho is lhoro vilh lho chiIdron riding on a
lvig of roods. Ho pIavs vilh lhom. Ho vonl lo soo
him and found him pIaving vilh lho chiIdron vhiIo
riding a lvig of roods. Ho said, 'ThanIs bo lo AIIah
for saving mo from having lo IiII him. Tho
narralor said lhal vilhin a fov davs Mansur ibn
Iumhur onlorod Kufah and did lo Iabir vhal ho had
ordorod his commandor lo porform (IiII Iabir).


141
Endnolos

1
Tafsir Majma AI-Bavan, VoIumo 10, Iago 365

2
Tafsir AI-Burhan, VoIumo 4, Iago 390

3
SuraluI Ahqaf, Vorso 39-41

4
Tafsir AIi ibn Ibrahim according lo lho narralion (summarizod)
from lho Tafsir Nur alh-ThaqaIain, VoIumo 5, Iago 19

5
Sahih AI-BuIhari, Sahih AI-MusIim and lho Musnad of Ahmad ibn
HanbaI, according lo lho (summarizod) narralion from In lho Shado
of lho Our'an, VoIumo 7, Iago 429

6
Tafsir Majma AI-Bavan, VoIumo 9, Iago 92: Hislorv of Ibn
Hisham, VoIumo 2, Iago 62 and 63 (Summarizod)

7
Tafsir Majma AI-Bavan, VoIumo 10, Iago 36S

S
Tho vord ., according lo a group of oxporls in Arabic Ianguago
and Commonlarv rofors lo a group of 3 lo 9 individuaIs.

9
Among lho schoIars of Nahv (Arabic Grammar), il is commonIv
Inovn lhal vhon . occurs al lho boginning of spooch, il musl bo
pronouncod vilh a Kasrah al lho boginning (on lho Falha) (as in .),
and in lhis vorso and lho vorsos lhal foIIov vo soo lhal in lho firsl
inslanco, il is pronouncod vilh a Kasrah, hovovor lho vorsos lhal
foIIov, sinco lhov aro connoclod vilh lhis firsl vorso, lhov aro
pronouncod vilh a Falha. Bocauso of lhis, a groal numbor of
commonlalors voro forcod lo sav lhal lhoro is somolhing lo bo laIon
as a laqdir vhich moans lhal lhoro is an impIicalion of a missing
svnlaclicaI parl (grammalicaIIv spoaIing) in lho sonlonco or lhov
had lo como up vilh olhor roasons (lo oxpIain lho difforonco
bolvoon lho Iavs of lho Nahv and lho vav lhis vord has boon usod
in lhoso vorsos). Hovovor, vhal is lho harm in saving lhal lhis Iav
of Nahv has ils oxcoplions and in lhis caso vo moan lhal if a phraso
is connoclod vilh anolhor vorso, lhon il is pormillod lo rocilo il vilh
142

a Falha and lho proof for lhis slalomonl aro lhoso vorsos of SuraluI
Iinn.

10
Tafsir Majma AI-Bavan, VoIumo 10, Iago 36S: Tafsir Nur alh-
ThaqaIain, VoIumo 5, Iago 435: lho samo poinl has boon aIIudod lo
in lho Tafsir of AIi ibn Ibrahim.

11
Tafsir Ourtubi, VoIumo 10, Iago 6S01

12
Tafsir Majma AI-Bavan, VoIumo 10, Iago 369: Tafsir Ruh AI-
Maani, VoIumo 2S, Iago S5

13
In lho commonlarv of lhis vorso, lhoro is anolhor inlorprolalion
vhich a group of lho commonlalors of lho Our'an havo roIalod as a
possibiIilv of ils moaning. Thov monlionod lhal bocauso a group of
lho humans soughl rofugo vilh lho Iinn, lhis rosuIlod in lho Iinns
incroasing in lhoir roboIIiousnoss and lhus, lhov lhoughl lhomsoIvos
lo bo lho boginning and compIolion of imporlanl acls (in lho
univorso): hovovor, in our opinion, lho firsl commonlarv givon is
moro corrocl (according lo lho firsl commonlarv givon, lho pronoun
in lho vord rolurns bacI lo lho Iinn and lho pronoun of ..
rolurns bacI lo lho humans, hovovor in lho socond commonlarv
monlionod abovo, lho opposilo is monlionod).

14
Tho vord .. comos from lho rool of .. vhoso moaning is
voII-Inovn: hovovor in lhis vorso, il aIIudos lo IooIing and
soarching for somolhing (according lo Raghib in his booI AI-
Mufradal and FaIhr AI-RaJhi in his Tafsir AI-Kabir and aIso Tafsir
AI-Ourtubi).

AIso, lho vord .- vhoso pIuraI is .- is in lho moaning of a
proloclor or guardian and somo SchoIars havo monlionod lhal lhis
vord is acluaIIv a pIuraI form of lho vorb.

15
Tho vord comos from lho rool of . vhich moans dividing
somolhing oquaIIv or juslIv and vhon appIiod lo pallorn of lho
'Arabic vorb .., il is changod lo . vhoso moaning is lo appIv

143

juslico. Hovovor, vhon il is usod in ils originaI pallorn and form as
in lhis vorso, ils moaning is of opprossion and lo slrav avav from
lho palh of Trulh.

16
Tho vord - comos from lho rool vord .- vhich moans maIing
an inlonlion for somolhing.

17
Tafsir Ruh AI-Bavan, VoIumo 10, Iago 195

1S
AI-IsuI min AI-Kafi, VoIumo 2, Soclion: Tho BoIiovor and his
Trails and Characlorislics.

19
Il shouId bo nolod lhal porhaps lho onIv lhing lhal has Iod lhoso
commonlalors of lho Our'an lo accopl lhal lhoso vorsos voro lho
spooch of AIIah insorlod bolvoon lho vords of lho Iinn is lho
pronoun Inovn in Arabic as ( . .) or Tho Firsl Iorson IIuraI
vhich havo boon usod in lhoso vorsos. In ono pIaco il is monlionod
lhal, Wo vouId corlainIv havo givon lhom abundanl valor lo
drinI. In anolhor pIaco, il is monlionod So lhal Wo mighl lrv
lhom vilh rospocl lo il. Hovovor, anvlimo vo laIo lhoso lvpos of
spooch as boing sonloncos roIalod or narralod lo olhors, lhon lhoro is
no probIom (in undorslanding lho moaning of such sonloncos). A
good oxampIo of lhis is vhon a porson roIalos a slorv lo ono of his
frionds and lhon savs, Such and such porson is of lho boIiof lhal I
am a good porson. (ObviousIv, lho porson vhom ho is spoaIing
aboul vouId nol havo usod lho vord I, ralhor, ho vouId havo
usod lho vord ho, hovovor lho porson vho is Iisloning vouId
aulomalicaIIv undorsland vhal lho porson is saving.)

20
Somo Commonlalors of lho Our'an havo givon lho possibiIilv lhal
lho moaning of .~ in lhis vorso is lhal palh of disboIiof and lho
incroaso in bIossings vhich ono vouId bo onlilIod lo rocoivo aflor
slaving firm on lhis palh (of disboIiof). In roaIilv, lho proIiminarv
slago (lhal AIIah, GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho losls His sorvanls
vilh) is lhal of punishmonl (for lhoir sins) and lhis is dono lhrough
boing Iurod or onlicod bv bIossings (from AIIah, GIorifiod and
144

ExaIlod is Ho) hovovor lhis commonlarv doos nol fil vilh lho lono
of lho vorso undor discussion nor vouId il ovor corrospond vilh lho
vorsos lhal procodo and foIIov lhis vorso.

21
Wasa'iI ash-Shia, VoIumo 2, Iago 970, Hadilh 3

22
Wasa'iI ash-Shia, VoIumo 1S, Iago 490 (Soclion on lho IsIamic
IonaIlv for Thofl, Soclion 4, Hadilh 5)

23
Tafsir Nur alh-ThaqaIain, VoIumo 5, Iago 439 and 440

24
In rogards lo lho issuo of Inlorcossion from lho viovpoinl of lho
Our'an and ahadilh, a compIolo discussion has boon carriod oul in
voIumo 1 of lhis Commonlarv (Tafsir-o-Namuna) undor vorso 4S of
SuraluI Baqarah. In roIalion lo lho lrulhfuInoss of TavassuI, a
discussion in voIumo 4 of lho samo Tafsir vorso 45 of SuraluI
Maidah has aIso boon carriod oul.

25
According lo lhis commonlarv and sinco lhis sonlonco is from lho
spooch of lho boIioving Iinn, lho uso of lho pronoun of .. or Tho
Third Iorson in pIaco of .. or Tho Firsl Iorson has boon dono for
draving lho allonlion, or duo lo lho facl lhal a group of lho Iinn had
spoIon lhoso vords in roIalion lo anolhor group of lho Iinn lo
oxpIain lhoir aclions (pav allonlion lo lhis poinl).

26
In roforonco lo lho ovonl of rovoIalion of lhis vorso, somo
commonlalors havo monlionod lhal lho non-boIiovors from among
lho Ouraish had asIod lho Irophol lo Ioavo his roIigion so lhal lhov
vouId givo him proloclion and lhus, lho vorso undor discussion
vas rovoaIod vhich vas a ropIv lo lho Ouraish. (Soo Tafsir AbuI
Fuluh AI-Razi, VoIumo 11, Iago 293)

27
Sooing as hov lho vord (-) can onIv bo mado lransilivo lhrough
lho parlicIo (), somo commonlalors of lho Ouran havo monlionod
lhal lho parlicIo () usod in lhis vorso comos in lho moaning of lho
parlicIo () vhiIo olhors havo laIon lho vord ( ) as boing in
laqdir moaning lhal lhoro is an impIicalion of a missing

145

svnlaclicaI parl (grammalicaIIv spoaIing) in lho sonlonco such lhal
lho vorso vouId road (= .).

2S
According lo lhis, lho oxpIanalion of lhis sonlonco is an
oxcIusionarv condilion for lho sonlonco lhal camo boforo il lhal
roads ( .- . . .-' . ) and according lo lho firsl oxpIanalion
offorod, il vouId bo an oxcIusionarv condilion for lho provious
vorso.

29
Tho parlicIo (-) is commonIv usod lo convov or oxpross lho
compIolion or concIusion of somolhing and in lhis vorso il laIos on
lvo difforonl inlorprolalions. Tho firsl moaning is lhal lhal
compIolion or oulcomo is acluaIIv a sonlonco vhich has boon
omillod such lhal in laqdir (moaning lhal lhoro is an impIicalion
of a missing svnlaclicaI parl (grammalicaIIv spoaIing) in lho
sonlonco) lho vorso vouId road: ( . ' - .' ... .. ..
.. ... ). Tho socond inlorprolalion is lhal lho compIolion or
oulcomo vouId bo lho parl of lho vorso lhal roads ( , ...) vhich
camo a fov vorsos boforo lhis vorso hovovor lho firsl inlorprolalion
is much moro approprialo.

30
SuraluI Ahqaf, Vorso 9

31
SuraluI Anam, Vorso 50

32
Surah an-NamI, Vorso 40

33
Surah ash-Shuara, Vorso 54

34
Surah as-Saba, Vorso 35

35
SuraluI Kahf, Vorso 34

36
SuraluI Baqarah, Vorso 249

37
Nahj AI-BaIagha, Spooch 201

3S
Tafsir AI-Muraghi, VoIumo 29, Iago 105

146

39
Tho phraso ., is lho prodicalo for a nominaI cIauso vhich has
boon oIiminalod and in acluaIilv, il vas ..., .. .... Somo
commonlalors havo laIon lhis phraso lo bo an allribulo (of AIIah) or
an apposilionaI subslanlivo for anolhor subslanlivo for lho vord
in lho provious vorso.

40
A group of commonlalors havo said lhal lho pronoun (ho) in .,.
rofors lo lho Irophol of IsIam (bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and
his famiIv) and havo slalod lhal lhis moans lhal AIIah (GIorifiod and
ExaIlod is Ho) has appoinlod proloclors and ovorsoors for lho socrols
of lho rovoIalion and lho mossago so lhal lho Irophol vouId Inov
lhal dofiniloIv, vhal is coming lo him is rovoIalion from AIIah
(GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho) and lhus, ho vouId havo no doubl or
uncorlainlv in lho rovoIalion. Hovovor, lhis oxpIanalion, Iooping in
mind lhal lho doIivoranco of lho mossago is lho job of lho Irophol
(bIossings of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv) and nol lho job of
lho AngoIs and sooing as hov in lho provious vorso lho vord ...
has boon usod, and a fov vorsos proviousIv, lho vord ... vas
usod in roIalion lo lho porsonago of lho Irophol of IsIam (bIossings
of AIIah bo upon him and his famiIv), il is highIv unIiIoIv lhal lhis
(socond) oxpIanalion is corrocl lhus, lho lrulh Iios in lho
commonlarv givon.

41
Surah Io Imran, Vorso 49

42
SuraluI Iinn, Vorso 27

43
SuraluI Rum, Vorso 2 - 4

44
A commonlarv on lhis ovonl and ils compIolo roforoncos can bo
found in lho commonlarv of Surah Mumlahinah.

45
KamiI ibn Alhir, VoIumo 2, Iago 237 in lho soclion on lho BallIo
of Mulah.

46
MusladraI AI-Sahihain, VoIumo 2, pago 35S

47
1abaqal of ibn Sad, VoIumo 5, pago 30

147

4S
AI-Isabalu of ibn AI-Hajr, VoIumo 5, Soclion 3, Iago 325

49
Havlhami in lho booI Majma, VoIumo 6, Iago 241

50
AI-Rivadh AI-Nadhirah, VoIumo 2, Iago 222

51
FadhaiI AI-Khamsah, voIumo 2, Iagos 231 lo 253

52
Nahj AI-BaIagha, Spooch 12S

53
Surah Iuqman, Vorso 34

54
Nahj AI-BaIagha, Spooch 127

55
Bihar AI-Anvar, VoIumo 26, Iago 160, hadilh 5, lhoro aro manv
ahadilh on lhis lopic from lho samo sourco.

56
Tafsir Nur alh-ThaqaIain, VoIumo 2, Iago 512, Hadilh 160.

57
AI-Kafi, Soclion: SuroIv lho Aimmah, vhon lhov vanl lo Inov
somolhing, lhov aro laughl il, hadilh 3. Thoro aro aIso olhor
ahadilh in lhis soclion on lhis lopic.

5S
IsuI AI-Kafi, VoIumo 1, Hadilh 3

59
SuraluI NamI, Vorso 40

60
SuraluI Rad, Vorso 43

61
SuraluI NamI, Vorso 40

62
SuraluI Rad, Vorso 43

63
Rofor lo VoIumo 3 of lho booI Ahqaq AI-Haqq, Iagos 2S0-2S1 and
lho Tafsir Nur alh-ThaqaIain, voIumo 2, Iago 523.

64
SuraluI NahI, Vorso S9

65
In lho commonlarv (of AvaluIIah Nasir MaIarim Shirazi, Tafsir-o-
Namunah) in SuraluI Anam, vorsos 50, 59 (VoIumo 5, Iagos 245
and 26S) and SuraluI Araf, vorso 1SS (VoIumo 7, Iago 46), lhis
subjocl has boon discussod in dolaiI.

14S

66
SuraluI Rahman, Vorso 15

67

6S

69

70

71
SuraluI NahI, Vorso 39

72
Surah Saba, Vorso 13

73
SuraluI Hijr, Vorso 27

74
Safinal AI-Bihar, VoIumo 1, Iago 1S6 (Indor -)

75
AI-Kafi, VoIumo 6, Iago 3S5, Soclion on BooI of DrinIing
soclion on Tvpos of VossoIs, Hadilh 5.

76
In lho firsl voIumo of lho booI, Tho Firsl Inivorsilv and lho Iasl
Irophol, lhoro aro approximaloIv 23 Ahadilh in roIalion lo lhis lopic.


149

Olhor IubIicalions from lho

1. A Codo of Elhics for MusIim Mon and Womon: Tho falava of oighl
Maraja TaqIid on various issuos roIaling lo mon and vomon and
inloraclion bolvoon lho soxos.
CompiIod bv Savvid Masud Masumi
TransIalod bv Arifa Hudda and SaIoom Bhimji
ISBN: 1-S94701-05-4
Iagos: 1SS
SRI: $S.00 CDN

2. RuIos Rogarding lho Docoasod: IhiIosophv and AhIam:
Comprohonsivo manuaI of lho rilos lo bo foIIovod boforo, during and
aflor lho doalh of a foIIov boIiovor. AII rocommondod and obIigalorv
suppIicalions and pravors aro prosonlod in Arabic vilh fuII EngIish
lransIalion.
According lo lho IsIamic RuIings of valuIIah aI-Izma aI-Hajj
as-Savvid AIi aI-Husaini as-Sislani
ISBN: 1-S94701-02-X
Iagos: 212
SRI: $S.00 CDN

3. RuIos Rogarding lho Docoasod: Condonsod Vorsion: Condonsod
vorsion of lho abovo booI conlaining onIv lho obIigalorv pravors and
suppIicalions for lho docoasod and lho praclicaI ruIings noodod al limo
of doalh and al lho gravovard.
ISBN: N/A
Iagos: S0
SRI: $3.00 CDN

150

4. Summarv of lho AhIam of SaIal aI-Iamaal: Shorl booIIol covoring lho
basic ruIings for lho porson vishing lo porform his/hor SaIal in Iamaal.
ISBN: 1-S94701-07-0
Iagos: 16
SRI: $3.00 CDN

5. Discussions Concorning AI-Mahdi (mav AIIah haslon his rolurn)
A dolaiIod booI covoring lhroo major issuos: BoIiofs of lho Shia in lho
Mahdi, Imamah, and Mahdavivvah (Issuos roIalod lo lho 12
lh
Imam)
prosonlod in lho form of quoslion and ansvor.
Wrillon Bv valuIIah aI-Izma aI-Hajj ash-ShavIh IutfuIIah Safi
GuIpavgani
TransIalod bv Savvid SuIavman AIi Hasan Abidi
ISBN: 1-S94701-0S-9
Iagos: 162
SRI: $S.00 CDN

6. Hislorv bohind Masjid IamIaran aIong vilh SoIoclod SuppIicalions lo
lho 12
lh
Imam (mav AIIah haslon his rolurn)
Hislorv of lho Masjid buiIl bv lho ordor of our 12
lh
Imam incIuding
various suppIicalions and pravors for lho Iiving Imam.
CompiIod bv lho Rosoarch Conlro of lho Masjid of IamIaran
ISBN: 1-S94701-03-S
Iagos: S0
SRI: $6.00 CDN


151

7. SimpIifiod IsIamic Iavs for Youlh and Young AduIls
A simpIo and oasv lo undorsland rondilion of lho IsIamic Iavs for
voulh and voung aduIls and lhoso jusl onloring inlo lho ago of
rosponsibiIilv.
ISBN: 1-S94701-05-4
Iagos: 154
SRI: $7.00 CDN

S. Moraj : Tho Nighl Asconsion
Tho onliro ovonl of Moraj of lho NobIo Irophol of IsIam (bIossings of
AIIah bo upon him and his progonv) and aII lhal ho sav and did on lhis
nighl journov.
Wrillon bv MuIIah Muhammad Faidh aI-Kashani
ISBN: 1-S94701-12-7
Iagos: 72
SRI: $6.00 CDN

9. Mv Iournov lo IsIam
Tho lruo slorv of hov a Canadian born voman of IlaIian dosconl found
lho lruo palh and accoplod lho loachings of lho AhI aI-Bail.
Wrillon bv Sr. IaiIa BigoIIi
TransIalod bv N/A
ISBN: 1-S94701-11-9
Iagos: 32
SRI: $5.00 CDN

152

10. Inlroduclion lo IsIam
A shorl primor for non-MusIims vishing lo Ioarn moro aboul lho
subIimo failh of aI-IsIam and our loachings.
Wrillon bv IsIamic Humanilarian Sorvico
TransIalod bv N/A
ISBN: 1-S94701-10-0
Iagos: 32
SRI: $2.00 CDN

11. IsliIhara : SooIing lho Bosl from AIIah (GIorifiod and ExaIlod is Ho)
Tho hislorv and phiIosophv bohind lho IsliIhara compIolo vilh forlv
hadilh from lho Masumin and lho opinions of lho groal schoIars.
Wrillon bv Muhammad Baqir Haidori
ISBN: 1-S94701-04-6
Iagos: S0
SRI: $6.00 CDN

12. IsIam as Taughl bv lho Irophol and His HoIv Doscondonls
Wrillon bv M.H. Shoriff
TransIalod bv N/A
ISBN: N/A
Iagos: 120
SRI: $S.00 CDN

13. Iighl of lho FamiIv of lho Irophol (CoIouring BooI)
Wrillon bv N/A
ISBN: N/A
Iagos: 16
SRI: $3.00 CDN


153

14. As-SaIam AIaiIum O IoopIo of lho Houso (CoIouring BooI)
Wrillon bv AIi RiJha Hanif
TransIalod bv N/A
ISBN: N/A
Iagos: 16
SRI: $3.00 CDN

15. 40 Hadilh Aclivilv BooI VoIumo 1
TransIalod bv N/A
ISBN: N/A
Iagos: 4S
SRI: $4.00 CDN

16. Imam aI-Mahdi (mav AIIah haslon his rolurn) Aclivilv BooI
TransIalod bv N/A
ISBN: N/A
Iagos: 32
SRI: $4.00 CDN

154

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Tafsir of Suratul Jinn

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lu the Naae o| A||ah, the Vost Giac|ous, the Vost Veic||u|

Wrillon bv a Group of MusIim SchoIars

Commonlarv of SuraluI Iinn

ho ominonl schoIar, valuIIah aI-Izma aI-Hajj ash-

uraluI Iinn vas rovoaIod in lho bIossod cilv of MaIIah aI-

` . ' `` , . ' ` . `, . . ' `

` . ' ``. , ..`. ' `, . ..- ` `,

uraluI Iinn vas rovoaIod in MaIIah aflor SuraluI Araf and

... :' .... .:' '.'...s .. : ..:. '...... '.>' '

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missiIos slrong prolocling vailing (for

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anv good nor (do I

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for olornilv lhoroin lo abido of hoII

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a guard bohind him from and

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