Colins Maths Revision Notes Colin Roberts 2008 - 2011

Percentages, fractions and decimals

Percent means per hundred, or out of every hundred. So if you have a group of youngsters trying for a place in a team (football, hockey, air display team, fishing, whatever) and only 10% are successful, this means that only 10 out of a hundred get a place. Put another way, the success rate is 10 or 0.1, now to express this as a percentage, multiply by a hundred; 10 x 100 = 10% 100 100 If 25 are successful, this gives a success rate of 25 x 100 = 25% (cancel the 100s) 100 If 6 apply, and 3 get a place, (3 out of 6) then as a percentage, this is 3 6 or 1 2 multiply by 100 to give; 1 x 100 = 50% 2

The number it is out of is always on the bottom

Now, if 50 out of 100 young people enter a painting competition, we can say this is the same as; 50 100 = 25 50 or 5 or 1 10 2 multiply by 100 to give; 1 x 100 = 50% 2

this cancelling down gives us what are called equivalent fractions. So 25 100

= 5 or 1 20 4

and

1 4

multiply by 100 to give; 1 x 100 = 25% 4

Now try the equivalent sheet

Seaborn Penrhos Road, Colwyn Bay, Conwy LL28 4DB 01492 533 935

Colins Maths Revision Notes Colin Roberts 2008 - 2011

Percentage Increases A whole amount of anything is 100% We saw with our earlier sheets that a percentage of an amount went something like this; 50% of 20 is: 50 x 20 = 1 x 20 = 10 100 2 The important thing was the top of the fraction multiplies, the bottom divides An increase means you have more than you started with, and this is how you do it; Say you put 10 in a bank, for a year, and they pay you 10% interest An easy way to do this is to say 10% is 10 or 0.1 100 So your total amount is now 10 x 1.1 = 11 (If the interest had been 20%, your new amount would have been 10 x 1.2 = 12) A different way would be to say 10% of 10 is 1 so your new amount is 10 plus 1 = 11 Now try these; 500ml + 25% 450Kg + 10% 600ml + 50% 450Kg + 30%

Seaborn Penrhos Road, Colwyn Bay, Conwy LL28 4DB 01492 533 935

Colins Maths Revision Notes Colin Roberts 2008 - 2011

Percentage pattern forms 1) An item is 20, but has 10% off in the sale. What is the new price?

If the item is discounted, the seller is paying part of the cost, so you pay 100% - discount. In this case, 100 10 = 90% New Price = Old Price x 0.9

2)

An item is 50 in sale, which is at 10% discount. What was the price before the sale? so, OP = 50 0.9 or another way, 50 0.9

This means OP x 0.9 = 50

3)

An item increases in price by 10% - this means it not only holds 100% of its price, but increases beyond it, in this case NP = OP x 1.10

4) An item has an inflated price of 50, had an increase of 10%, what was the original price? Original Price x 1.10 = New (inflated Price) OP = NP 1.10 5) An item (often a car) is bought for say, 2000. it depreciates (loses value) at 5% per year how much is it worth after 3 years? 2000 x 0.95 = 1900 Seaborn Penrhos Road, Colwyn Bay, Conwy LL28 4DB 01492 533 935

Year 1 -

Colins Maths Revision Notes Colin Roberts 2008 - 2011

Year 2 Year 3 1900 x 0.95 = 1805 1805 x 0.95 = 1714.75

A quick way of doing this if you can remember it is; 2000 x (0.95)3 = 1714.75 where the amount in brackets is the depreciation, the power is the number of years.

For savings interest, or an item increasing in value, appreciating, the rate becomes 1.05, 1.10, and so on.

Seaborn Penrhos Road, Colwyn Bay, Conwy LL28 4DB 01492 533 935