SJK (T) JALAN SAN PENG KUALA LUMPUR

PERTANDINGAN EKSPERIMEN SAINS, PERINGKAT ZON PUDU 2011

4.1 USES OF ENERGY 4.2 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY 4.3 RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

4.1 USES OF ENERGY

ENERGY
What is energy? Why do we need energy?
To carry out life processes
(moving,breathing and growing,(plants-to make food)

The ability to do work

To do our daily activities

(walking,reading,playing) *Non living things- to move, to work

SOURCES OF ENERGY
Sun
Main source of heat and light energy (solar energy)

Mnemonic

S, B, 2F, 2W
(SON BUYS 2FANS&2WHEELS)
SON-SUN 2 FANS- FUEL, FOOD BUYS-BATTERY 2WHEELS- WATER,WIND

Battery
Chemicals (man made) (dry cells, accumulator)

Fuel
(coal, fire, wood, oil and natural gas)

Wind
(Windmills)

Sources of energy

Water
(hydroelectric power)

Food
(Cooked or uncooked food)

The Sun as a Primary Source of Energy

heat energy stored in lakes and reservoirs

energy stored in wind Hydroelectric heat Sun light energy

light

energy stored in fossil fuels like petrol energy stored in wood energy stored in food

Living Things Humans (Animals)

4.2 TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY

Electrical Energy

Light Energy

Heat Energy
Mnemonic E
Elephant

L
Likes

Form of Energy
6 4

H
Heavy

S
Sweet

C
Cute

K
Kind

P
Porcupine

Kinetic Energy 7 Potential Energy 5 Chemical Energy

Sound Energy

Electrical Energy

Enable electrical appliances such as computer, television and etc.to work. Can be obtained from sources like dry cells, dynamos, solar cell and etc. Enable us to see Can be obtained from objects that produce light - Sun - Lighted candles/ burning objects - Lamps, lanterns and lamp Heat causes an object to become hot. Can be obtained from sun, burnt fuels (coal/fire wood/candles) and electrical equipment(lighted bulbs, kettle)

Light Energy

Heat Energy

Sound Energy

Enable us to hear Produced by vibrations Sources: musical instruments, alarm clocks. Stored in fuels and food Examples : battery, petrol, gas cylinder, rice, meat, vegetables

5 Chemical Energy
6

Kinetic Energy

Moving objects has kinetic energy Examples: moving car, rotating fan, flying bird, flowing river and etc. (Switching on or off is not kinetic)

7 Potential Energy

Stored in an object because of its position/condition Examples: stretched rubber band, a coconut on top of tree, stretched arrow.

Cannot create

Energy

Cannot destroy

Can change from one form to another form

Transformation of energy

Transformation of energy
Activity a) Switching on the television b) Using a solarpowered calculator c) Kicking a ball Electrical energy Transformation of energy light energy + sound energy

Solar energy

electrical energy

light energy

Chemical energy (body)

kinetic energy

heat energy

d) Burning a candle

Chemical energy

light energy + heat energy

e) Switching on a torchlight

Chemical energy

electrical energy

light energy

f) Boiling water

Electrical energy

Heat energy

Transformation of energy
Appliance a) Radio Electrical energy Transformation of energy sound energy

b) Electrical iron

Electrical energy

heat energy

c) Table fan

Electrical energy

kinetic energy+ sound energy

d) Gas stove

Chemical energy

heat energy + light energy

e) Hairdryer

Electrical energy

kinetic energy

heat energy+ sound energy

f) Torch light
(Draw

Chemical energy

electrical energy + light energy

(Put + to show if more than one energy is produced)

to show the transformation)

4.3 RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

Energy

Renewable
(Can be replenished when used up)

Non-renewable
(Cannot be replenished when used up)

Solar (sun) Wind(windmills) Biomass (Plants& Animals waste) Hydroelectricity-water (It does not cause pollution)

Fossil Fuels Natural Gas Petroleum Heat energy Coal (Can cause shortage if use them extensively)

(As the usage of non-renewable energy increases, the availability of non-renewable energy in the earth decreases)

USAGE OF ENERGY

To avoid wastage

To save cost

USE ENERGY WISELY

To avoid shortage

To reduce pollution

WAYS TO SAVE ENERGY

Switch off appliances when they are not in use. Use public transport Share the car with friends (car pooling) Use energy-saving electrical appliances such as fluorescent lamps which are more energy efficient compared to filament bulbs.

5. Diagram 1 shows electric appliances

MCQ QUESTIONS
1. We need it to walk, talk and breathe We need it to carry out life processes. No work can be done without it.

What does the information refer to? A. Work B. Energy C. Food D. Life processes 2. Which of the following statements is not true? A. An accumulator has chemical energy. B. A lighted torch has light energy. C. A moving toy has kinetic energy. D. A box on the ground has potential energy. 3. Solar energy Electrical energy Light energy

Which appliances make use of energy transformation to work? A. Oven only B. Computer only C. Oven and Fan D. All the above electric appliances 6. Which of the following are renewable energy resources? A. solar energy and coal B. solar energy, wind and coal C. solar energy, wind and biomass D. solar energy, wind and petroleum 7. Which of the following can help save energy? I using more electric appliances II car pooling to go work III sleeping with the lights on IV using renewable energy sources A.I and III only B. II and IV only C. I,II and III only D.I,III and IV only 8. The Sun is the primary source of A. heat and light energy B. heat and kinetic energy C. light and chemical energy D. electric and heat energy

Which appliance undergoes the above energy transformation when it is in use? A. Electrical cooker B. Table fan C. Calculator D. Radio 4. A kettle whistling when the water is boiling. Which energy transformation takes place when the alarm clock rings? A. Chemical energy electrical energy kinetic energy sound energy B. kinetic energy electrical energy chemical energy sound energy C. Chemical energy electrical energy sound energy kinetic energy D. Sound energy kinetic energy electrical energy chemical energy

9. A non-renewable energy source is the energy source that A. comes from the Sun B. can be replenished when used up C. cannot be replenished when used up D. cannot be changed into another form of energy. 10. Which of the following is a source of energy? I fuel II paper III water IV battery A. I only B. I and IV only C. I,II and III only D. I,III and IV only

STRUCTURE QUESTION
1. Ashwin carried out an investigation to study the transformation of energy when electric current flows through a light bulb. She prepared the following circuit and switched it on. She touched the light bulb. Diagram 2
Dry cells

Switch

Bulb

a) State what she felt when she touched the light bulb?

[1mark] b) Give a reason to support your answer in (a).

[1mark] c) State the transformation of energy that occurred in the circuit.

[1mark] d) Name the appliance that makes use of the same transformation of energy.

[1mark]

Technique to answer
1. Ashwin carried out an investigation to study the transformation of energy when electric current flows through a light bulb. She prepared the following circuit and switched it on. She touched the light bulb. Diagram 2
Dry cells

Switch

Bulb

a) State what she felt when she touched the light bulb? Hot [1mark] b) Give a reason to support your answer in (a). The light bulb produces heat energy [1mark] c) State the transformation of energy that occurred in the circuit. chemical energy electrical energy light energy + heat energy [1mark] d) Name the appliance that makes use of the same transformation of energy.

torch [1mark]

MCQ ANSWERS 1. B 2. D 3.C 4.A 5.D 6. C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.D