Thana Culture:

11

Thana Culture:
22

Thana Culture:
33

Colonial Police Stations;

44

But We Want ...

55

Police stations ...;

Where people feel comfortable enter,

66

Police stations ........;

Where they receive a courteous reception,

77

Police stations .............;

Where their concerns are heard with sympathy and

88

Police stations ...............;

Where their problems are solved efficiently

99

Transforming Thana Culture:

Reconnecting Police and People

1010

Proposal
Transforming Thana Culture:

June 2011 Mian Masroor Saeed Dr Shafqat Qamar

1111

proposal outlines
i) ii)

challenges bottom-up measures

Professional & Administrative consultation lead to; Interim policy including business plan Pilot project Feed backs and Professional & Administrative consultation lead to;

1212

Transforming Thana Culture:

1 The challenges

1313

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)

Registration of cases: Police behaviour Lack of skills, Investigation incompetence Lack of resources (man, money material) Corruption Chains Accountability Laws, rules, regulations and policies Awareness and participation of local community Lack of missionary spirit Police stations buildings:

(ix) (x)

1414

(i) Registration of cases

Police prevent and detect only cognisable cases. non-cognisable cases, 1515 no action is

(i) Registration of cases

-to

keep the crime graph down on paper positive picture of performance -Money from opposite party -Political /administration pressure Lead to negative impact on the entire criminal justice system

1616

1 The challenges
(ii) Police culture

1717

(ii) Police culture BEHAVIOUR; Abusive language Rude attitude Non cooperative
1818

(ii) Police culture

HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS

Torture for obtaining facts for obtaining money for confession.innocent

1919

(ii) Police culture

Torture
March 10, 2010 Justice Sair Ali of Supreme Court (SC) has remarked thana (police station) culture will stand changed when the floggers are flogged.
2020

(ii) Police culture

1. forFirstInformation report (FIR) 2. to get releasefrom false arrest 4. to avoid false arrest 5. forPolice verification for passport 6. to take down a complaint 7. to be paid to avoid arrest 8. to arrest accused 9. to get character certificate for immigration 10. forPolice verification for job

Corruption;

2121

1 The challenges
(iii)

Lack of skills

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Lack of skills
Two tier cadre
-Top

tier (PSP) less than 1% of the total force

lack operational experience full authority, no responsibility, no accountability

-Lower -Lower

receive basic training of marching, discipline and little skills development . little authority or responsibility

tier constables, who make up 87% of the force

tier investigators (ASI, SI, Inspector) make up 13% of the force

authority and responsibility without professional skills

2323

Lack of skills
Key skills
Effective Communication Community and Customer Focus Personal Responsibility Resilience Problem solving Respect for Diversity Teamwork

2424

Lack of skills
Investigation Incompetence

2525

Lack of skills
Investigation Incompetence

2626

Lack of skills
Investigation Incompetence

2727

Lack of skills
Police lack basic investigative or crime scene management skills training of new recruits largely focused on rudimentary physical training and not on the cultivation of skills 13% of Police force have investigative skills without any ethical consideration Police do not undertake lengthy and complex investigations on their own initiative

Investigation Incompetence

2828

1 Challenges
(iv) Lack of resources
(man money material)

2929

Lack of resources (man money material)

Out of 180,000 police in the Punjab, only 40,000 stationed in police stations. Outdated Weapons, Miserable Police patrolling vehicles The head of police training schools/academies are from supervisory PSP cadres, who lack operational experiences, training skills and motivational attitude.
3030

Lack of resources (man money material)

Crime victims cover the cost of transportation and basic supplies for police Rely on local political patrons for basic resources Salary . . Police expected to work unlimited hours
3131

1 Challenges
Corruption Chains

3232

Corruption Chains
1. 2.

3.

4.

Junior police take bribe from public and criminal gangs Senior ranking officers involved in taking bribe on monthly basis from juniors Some police stations sold to most corrupt junior officers Trainee recruits forced to pay Rs 3000-4000 monthly bribes

3333

1 Challenges
Accountability:
Individual-level accountability Agency-level accountability
3434

Accountability:

3535

Accountability:
Individual-level accountability
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

ACRs/PER (Performance Evaluation Report) Disciplinary Punishments (for junior cadre only) Public Safety commissions (non functioning) Anticorruption Establishment (non effective) Chief Minister/Executive, Parliaments and its members

Punishments are meant for the PPOs while the luxuries and comforts of bungalows and cars are for those who really have no stake in the system. Even if allegations of corrupt practices 3636 are proven against any PSP officer, the officer is

Accountability:
Individual-level accountability
1.

ACRs/PER (Performance Evaluation Report) Statutory dos for senior cadre 2. Disciplinary Punishments (for junior & Senior cadre) 3. Police Ombudsman 4. Intelligence monitoring

3737

Accountability:
Agency-level 1- Police Ombudsman accountability
2- Academic Attachment with local Universities Public satisfaction surveys, crime surveys etc Evaluation and improvement of the pilot project, final project Helping in improving training standards of police 3- Criminal Justice System Reform (CJSR) Cell Intelligence monitoring Academic monitoring Think Tank policy formulation evaluation

3838

Accountability:
Agency-level accountability
Cont...
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Public Safety commissions Chief Minister/Executive, Parliaments and its member Criminal Justice Coordination Committee Police Citizen liaison Committee Courts

3939

1 Challenges
Laws rules regulations and policies

4040

Laws rules regulations and policies The constitution of Pakistan provides

protection to their citizen about their human rights but;
1. 2. 3. 4.

Pakistan Penal Code1860, Police Order 2002, Criminal Procedure code1898 and Police rules 1935 ... .. do not conform to constitutional protection.

Police are working without 1. effective Police codes, 2. standard operational procedures, 3. statutory performance indicators, 4. internal review procedures, 5. statutory guidelines and

4141

1 Challenges
Awareness and participation of local community

4242

Awareness and participation of local community

Public is ignorant and totally unaware of govt policy formulation processes. Their perception is that they are being governed by colonial type of management. People do not trust police in any capacity and People are not ready to participate in any activity requested by the Police.

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1 Challenges
Lack of dedication motivation and missionary spirit

4444

1 Challenges
Police Stations:

4545

Police stations buildings:

No proper reception or seating arrangements for visiting public

4646

For Public Friendly Police Reforms

Public Friendly Institution

4747

Public Friendly Institutions

Statutory Public Complaint System Internal Accountability of all ranks External of institution and all ranks Professional Bureaucratic Independent of external influences Financially resourceful Focus on solving public problem not merely of law

implementation

4848

2 Statutory Complaint System

Police Complaint Cell Police Ombudsman

4949

2 Statutory Complaint System

Police Complaint Cell
The majority of complaints against police officers need to be investigated through internal investigation within police department in line with Home Department guidance. Police Inspectorate should monitor complaint patterns for individual officers. Those with higher than average numbers or worrying 5050 patterns are identified and inquiries are made

2 Statutory Complaint System

Police Complaint Cell
12345Structure Functioning Monitoring and Evaluation Accountability Public Perception Survey
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2 Statutory Complaint System

Police Ombudsman
It is not part of any government department; It is an entirely separate public body; It is independent of the police service; Its decisions cannot be overruled apart from by a court of law; The Police Ombudsman has its own investigation teams that enable it to choose 5252 to investigate incidents of alleged police

2 Statutory Complaint System

Police Ombudsman
12345Structure Functioning Monitoring and Evaluation Accountability Public Perception Survey
5353

3:
Allocating resources for police stations
1. Allocating sufficient budget for stationary, fuel, investigation expenses and other contingencies 2-Upgrading patrolling vehicles and arms 3-Establshing Computer room 4- Installation of CCTV system 5- Reception with drinking water and seating

5454

4 Improving recruitment and training standards

In developed countries recruitment of police officers is done only at one level and that is at the bottom. Candidates have to have a minimum of 12 years of schooling. Go through police academy training and start as a constable. These constables can rise all the way to chief of police. There is no recruitment in between. That is what we need in Pakistan but not now.

5555

4 Improving recruitment and training standards

Right now we recommend that best lot of constables from reserve may be trained to UK standard..... .....to be posted in Police Stations
5656

4 Improving recruitment and training standards

Recruitment
1-Basic Requirements; including age, education, domicile, eyesight, driving licence, criminal record 2-Standard Entrance Test of Language, Information Handling, Numeracy 3-Physical Fitness Test

5757

4 Improving recruitment and training standards

Training standards should have highest Police training culture
1. 2. 3.

4.

moral values UK training Standards should be followed. Commonwealth Manual of Human rights on Police Training should be incorporated in training. Problem based learning manual for training and evaluating police trainee should be made part of training.
5858

5 Raising Investigation Standards

1. 2. 3.

Updating Investigation Manuals Improving Individual Police Officer (all member)s skills Strengthening Investigation Department

5959

6 Increasing Internal 1-ACRs and Disciplinary Proceeding of lower ranks Accountability

Punitive verses corrective action against junior officers 2-Supervising officers ACRs Supervising officers dossier should have worse remarks if they are unable to handle public complaints, unable to improve public satisfaction and unable to eradicate torture cell within or outside their concerned police stations.

6060

7 Establishing Agency1- Academic Attachment with local levelUniversities oversight system

Public satisfaction surveys, crime surveys etc Evaluation and improvement of the pilot project, final project Helping in improving training standards of police 2- Police Ombudsman 3- Criminal Justice System Reform (CJSR) Cell

6161

8 CPC 1898; Police be Updating Constable willOrder empowered to register the case and to do further investigation of 2002, Police Rules ordinary cases. All the & CPC irrespective 1934 criminal cases 1898 of cognizable or non cognizable be
1. 2. 3.

4.

registered. Best constable will be selected from reserve constabulary who will be given refresher training of UK standard about policing and investigation. These will be appointed in police stations. No need of fresh recruitment. Police Order 2002 will be amended to replace; 6262 - Public Safety Commissions with

9 Developing modern Police Codes & Manuals

1.

U.N. Code of Conduct (a Guide to Law Enforcement Worldwide )

1.

Police be empowered to use caution or reprimand in order; to deal quickly and simply with less serious offenders; to divert them from unnecessary appearance in the criminal courts; and to reduce the chances of their re-offending Police be encouraged for local resolution
6363

3.

10 Upgrading police Respectable buildings station reception

1.

23-

Dignified seating arrangement for public Reception walls having clearly visible information for public regarding Police Complaint Policy, Police Ombudsman Complaint Procedure and their contact details. Eight hour shifts be introduced in police stations. 6464

4-

11 Learning lessons from experiences

1-UK 2- South Africa, 3- Ireland Police Ombudsman 4- New members of EU

6565

13 Awareness and Participation of Local Community

Citizen Police liaison committee Citizen Advice Bureaus
1.

2.

3.

Watching of suspicious or criminal activity, Reporting crime and cooperation with Police Encouraging citizen for utilizing of complaint process .
6666

14 Implementation strategy
Coordination between different wings Functions of Criminal Justice of government, academic institutions Reform Cell consultants and public; 2. Receive suggestion, feed back and evaluation from all stack holders; 3. Monitor the operation and effect of its pilot project and draw conclusions; 4. Watching of watchdogs through statutory performance standards; 5. Promote awareness of transforming thana culture among the masses; and. 6767 6. Preparation of interim policy and later
1.

14 Implementation strategy
1.

Phase-1
Pilot project Police stations of one rural and one urban subdivision (Gujar Khan and Pindi Amendments Bhattian) regarding registration of FIR CPC 1898 and providing constable responsibility of preliminary investigation. Police Order 2002 -Replacing of Japan modal Public Safety Commission with Irish modal Police Ombudsman & South Africa Independent Complaint Directorate -Introduction of Statutory complaint system

6868

14 Implementation strategy
1.

Phase-1
Improving existing rules or 1. Police code of ethics developing new laws
2. 3.

4.

Police investigation manual, UK/South African type performance indicators and Statutory guidance on arrest, search, house raids etc.

6969

1.

14 Implementation strategy Refresher training of existing

1.

constables for pilot project Phase-1 implementation. 2. Police station buildings will be made public friendly. 3. Effective implementation of ACRs and E&D rules for accountability of junior and senior ranks ;ie first time warning- later awarding quick punishment of compulsory retirement or termination. Note; Transfer or posting is not punishment rather it encourages
7070

14 Implementation strategy
1.

Phase-1

Professional Consultation 1. OSCE and University of Portsmouth UK 2. Social Sciences and law department of local university Administrative Consultation 1. Punjab Home Department 2. Punjab Law Department 3. Planning Department 4. Punjab Finance Department 5. Punjab Police
7171

14 Implementation strategy
1.

Phase-1
Feed back and evaluation on systematic basis 1. Foreign Consultants 2. Professors of Local Universities 3. Clients/Customers/Service Users 4. Police officials 5. Police recruits 6. General Public

7272

14 Implementation strategy
2. Phase-11
Based on Feed back and evaluation after six months 1. Amendments in Interim Policy 2. Improvement of Interim Policy 3. Preparation of final policy and Business Plan 4. Amendments in existing laws/regulations 5. Development of new laws/regulations 6. Implementation of final policy within whole Punjab

7373