Miswan Sujaka, SS.

MS
42

EN GL IS H tw o

Preface

Dear students This book is intended to help you practice the lessons that you have learned in the classroom. Please do not do the exercises in this book before you study the lessons in class first. Before you start every lesson, please study the examples carefully to help you answer the questions correctly. If there are unfamiliar words, look them up in the dictionary or ask other students. Finally, your teacher does not usually use Indonesian in the classroom, so remember, if there is something that you do not understand, please ask your teacher.

Happy studying!

Miswan Sujaka, SS. MS 43

Contents
SESSIO N

SUBJECT
DESCRIBING PEOPLE INVITATION AND EXCUSES TELEPHONING EXPERIENCE CHECKING AND TALKING ABOUT THE PAST EVENTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBING OBJECT CAUSE AND RESULT TALKING ABOUT HEALTH COMPARING THINGS COMPLAINING DESCRIBING CHANGES

PAGE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1. Describing People
Objectives After completing this lesson, you should be able to: ask about the appearance or look of person; describe a person by his/her appearance; describe by his/her personality. Attention To ask about the appearance of a person, you say: 44

What What What What

is he like? are they like? does he look like? do they look like?

To answer those questions, you say:

He is handsome, tall and attractive. He is a big, black man with a moustache.

To ask about the look of certain part of body, you say:

What is his complexion like? nose like? body like?

To answer those questions, you say: His nose is hooked OR

His nose is pointed His complexion is pale His complexion is dark His body is well-built His body is slim

He has a hooked nose. He has pointed nose. He has a pale complexion. He has dark complexion. He has a well-built body. He has slim body.

Now find the meaning of the words to describe the appearance of a person from a dictionary or from other resources.
Face Thin Long Round Oval Square Heart-shaped Eyes Round blue eyes Chink Bushy eyebrows Hairstyle Long Short Straight Wavy Curly Neat Untidy Plaited a fringe swept back in a bun pony tail bald balding thinning receding Build Fat Thin Slim Plump Medium built Broad-shouldered Overweight Height 170 cm medium height average height below average tall short tallish Nose long flat hooked nose broken pointed sharp Lips thin / thick full wet brunette redhead mousey dark blonde dyed

Complexion pale /dark /white sunburned/tanned fair skinned /Oriental Hair colour black brown red fair gray white

To ask the personality of a person, you say:

What What What What is he like? is his personality like? is his personality? is his character like?

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What are his characters?

To answer the questions above, you say:

He is kind He is caring He is shy

(please refer to the notes below!) Look up a dictionary or ask your teacher for the meaning of the words to describe the personality of a person.
Aggressive Polite Wise Lively moody thoughtful cheerful sociable talk-active calm reserved sophisticated amusing reliable friendly

Do you know other personality traits?

Exercise 1
Fill in the blanks with the following words. Like tall wavy oriental Personality pointed square balding 1. Janes hair is beautiful. It is long and _______________ 2. What does your new friend look____________________? 3. Tom is still young, but his hair is ___________________ 4. A beautiful girl usually has a ______________________ nose. 5. Kate is famous in her village because she is _______________ 6. Georges height is 185 cm. He is very ____________________ 7. My mother and I are very different. We do not ____________ the same. He is tall but I am short. 8. Everybody likes Maggie. She has a kind _______________ 9. Mike Tyson has a ________________face. 10.Rebecca is a true blue Aussie, but her skin is _________________ look sociable

Exercise 2 Crossword puzzle: Describing people

46

Exercise 3 Guess who the person is!

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Exercise 4 Look around at your friends and people at your campus and describe their looks
and personality and put the information in the table below. For example. Michele is a girl with wavy and long hair. She is shortish. She is slim so she doesnt look short. Her face is oval-shaped with a small pointed nose and thin lips. Hes got small black eyes with thin eyebrows. No 1 2 3 4 5 48 Name Height Body Hair Complexion Nose Personality

6 7 8 9 10

Exercise 5 Answer the following questions. I : How are you?

U I U I U I U : ______________________________________________________ : I dont know what you look like. Are you beautiful/handsome? : ______________________________________________________ : How would you describe yourself? : ______________________________________________________ : What about your personality? : ______________________________________________________

2. INVITATION AND EXCUSES

Attention a) Before inviting someone to do something, we must ask whether he/she is free or not and we can say:

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ASKING Are you free Are you busy tonight? next Thursday? on Saturday? tomorrow night?

ANSWERING Yes, I am. Why? No, Im not. Im going to a show Not, Im not. Why? Yes I am, Im visiting my grandmother

b) To invite someone to do something we can say: ASKING go out for dinner? Would you like to go to the Cinema? come to my house? c) Asking for and giving suggestion to someone we can say: ASKING go? Where shall we meet? have dinner? Lets Why dont we What about How about ANSWERING Go to Meet at Have dinner at Going to Meeting at Having dinner at My house The Hilton MPS Caf my house? The Hilton? MPS Caf? Yes, ANSWERING Id love to That would be nice

Please come to my house sometime is a common form of invitation for a personal visit. A polite, noncommittal answer is Thank you; I would be happy to come sometime. Such an exchange of courtesies has no actual meaning. To make an invitation sound genuine one must ask for a definite commitment as the day and time. Adding some explanation like My parents want very much tp meet you gives a touch of warmth and genuineness to an invitation. In some cases, it is good to ask first Are you busy at such-and-such at time before extending and invitation for that time. Stop in is a friendly, colloquial expression similar to Drop in or Come over. You are cordially invited is the most formal style of invitation. When you invite people to your home, make it clear if you intend to serve a meal. If you are not sure what they can eat (because of health, individual taste, religious taboos) it is a good idea to ask them about you intend to serve, when they accept the invitation.

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In accepting an invitation, first express invitation, then be sure to make certain of the exact time and place; and if it is too be a formal party, what kind of clothes you are expected to wear. If you decline an invitation you must make your rejection of it absolutely clear, and it is customary to give a polite reason for nit accepting. You must never an invitation unless you are certain you can keep your promise. A very common expression of invitation is Would you like to ?
Play Tennis Football Chess Cards See A film/a movie A play Spiderman 5 Mr. Bean Go/Come swimming dancing bowling shopping Have a meal breakfast dinner supper a walk a drive a swim a ride Go to a party a disco a play the theatre Go for

1 Use Janes diary to write

short conversations. Use in the morning, in the afternoon and in the evening.

A B

Are you fee on Monday the 21st in the morning? Are you free on Monday 21st in the afternoon?

Yes, I am No, Im afraid Im not

C D E F G H

__________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

_____________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________

2 Now use the entries in Rons diary to finish conversations.

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AUGUST 12 18 SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY Go to bed early

4:30 p.m. Play tennis with Bob WEDNESDAY 8 p.m Go to Party at Sues THURSDAY Meet Maria at LP3M FRIDAY Wash hair SATURDAY Linda 11a.m. Go swimming with

A. Can you come to the cinema with me on Monday evening? No, Im afraid I cant. Im going to bed early. B. Would you like to come to tea on Tuesday?

_________________________________________ C. Well, What are you doing on Wednesday evening? _________________________________________ D. what about lunch on Thursday? _________________________________________ E. Can you come to town with me on Saturday morning then?
_________________________________________ _

3 Put this conversation into the right order.

Sue Ron Sue Ron Sue Ron Sue Ron Sue Ron Sue Ron : : : : : : : : : : : : 1. Jane! How are you? 2. Sue, Its Ron here. 3. Hello. Can I speak to Sue, please? 4. How nice! Yes, Id love to. Where is it on? 5. 7700210. Hello. 6. January the 23rd. Er Yes, I am. Why? 7. Ive got tickets for The Dogs. Would you like to come with me? 8. Yes, fine! See you there. Bye. And thanks, Ron. 9. Oh, not too bad. Listen, are you free June the 23rd? 10. At City Park. Shall we meet outside at about 7.15? 11. Thats OK. See you on the 23rd then. Bye 12. Speaking. Who is it?

4 Making excuses
Jack telephones Maria and invites her out. Maria has got other plans, and refuses. Write their conversations. Choose between Ive got to or Id like to, and I ought to.

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Jack : Would you like to go out for a meal? (meal?) Maria : Thanks, Id love to, but Im afraid Ive to go to do some work. (work) Jack :. (disco?) Maria : ... evening) Jack : . ... (party?) Maria : . (late night film on TV) Jack : . . hair) Jack : . (theater?) Maria : . ... (look after the children) Jack : . .. class) (chat?) (evening Maria : . (play cards?) (wash my Maria : (have a quiet

5 Read this letter, and then answer the questions below.

Dear Gaby, Thanks very much for your invitation to come down to Bristol for the weekend. Id love to come, but unfortunately august is a bad time for me to get away. Were very busy with the tourists here. At the moment, Im actually writing this letter at Heathrow Airport! When they arrive, Ive got to take them on a coach tour of London. Im free on Sunday, but I really ought to do some housework then. So Im afraid I cant make it down to Bristol not until October, anyway. Wouldnt you like to come up to London for a day or two instead? Id love to see you. You can come on a coach tour and help me with the tourists! What about next Saturday? Love, Michelle 1. Where did Gaby invite Michelle? 2. Does she accept the invitation? 3. Why is August a bad time for Michelle to get away? 4. Is she busy in September too? 5. Why is Michelle at Heathrow? 6. Where does Michelle invite Gaby?

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6 Write a letter
Youre an English teacher in London. Its July, and you have a lot of foreign students. On Saturday youre taking a group of students to Cambridge for the day, and on Sunday youre planning to visit your parents, and prepare your lessons for next week. A friend of yours, Steward, has invited you down to the seaside for the weekend. Write a letter politely refusing Stewards invitation and explaining why, and invite him up to London. Dear Steward, Thanks But ...
. . . . Yours, .

very

much

Id unfortunately..

...,

7 Dialogue Cues
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Student A

Student B
Answer the phone. Say your name

Student A

Answer the phone. Say your name

Student B

Say who you are Greet your friend . Ask if he/she is busy. Ask if you are calling at a bad time Say you are busy. Explain what you are doing.

Greet your friend. Say your name. Return the greeting Suggest something to do this afternoon. Agree. Suggest a time and place to meet Agree. Say goodbye Say goodbye

Disagree. Make another suggestion.

Accept the excuse. Repeat the invitation for tomorrow

Respond to the excuse.

Refuse again. Make another excuse

Respond. Say goodbye. Say you will ring some time next week. Say goodbye

The hotter the soil, the harder it becomes

3. TELEPHONING
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Attention Greeting At Home In the Office (Receptionist) Good morning, LP3M. Can I help you? (No receptionist) LP3M, William Smith Speaking. 7703444 Not Friendly: Hello Good morning, LP3M

Hello? Hello. 7703444

Friendly:

Hello

Good morning, LP3M Make up a greeting for the following Be friendly 1. James Brown, Chairman of ACER, New York 2. Justin at home (90210) 3. Angie, receptionist, GBL Co. 4. Bryan, office manager, The British Company 5. Cindy at home (567001)

Asking for Someone Hello. Can speak to please? (office or home) Good morning. Id like to speak to please. (office) Is Steve in? (home) Is Jonathan there? (home) Work in pairs. Student A, use a greeting. Student B, ask to speak to someone at the place TIME Morning Evening Afternoon Morning Morning PLACE Catharines house (774586) Hilton Hotel The British Company James house LP3M

Identifying and asking someone to wait. Whos speaking? Or Can I have your name please? Hold on. 56

Ill just get her Hang on. Ill get him Can you hold a minute. Ill put you through Now practice the following 1. A: You are John. You want to speak to Hermann B: You are Hermanns mother 2. A: You are Mr. Smith from Mobil Oil. You want to speak to Ms. Janet B: You are the receptionist at Indo Royal 3. A: You are Ms. Miller from Indo Royal. You wan to Mr. Brown B: You are the receptionist of The British Company 4. A: You are William, you wan t to speak to Clare B: You are Clares boyfriend. Saying goodbye Nice to hear from you Thanks for calling Look forward to seeing you Its been good talking to you Goodbye Bye See you See you next

What would you say here? 1. You are ending a call with someone you have arranged to meet. 2. You are ending a call with someone you see in class every Monday 3. You are ending a call with someone who has helped you with a problem 4. You are ending a call with a businessman who has given you some information When the caller asks to speak to you Speaking Or This is Mr. Black Now make up dialogues. Student A Student B Answer The phone You are Ask to speak to Student A Ask to speak to Student B Answer The phone You are

Saying Someones Not In/Taking Massages.

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Apology Im sorry Im afraid Sorry but

Excuse Hes not in Hes in a meeting Shes sick today

Offer Can I take a message? Can you leave a message?

Yes please, could you tell him Mr. So and So called and Make up dialogue for the following messages: 1. Caller: Pete, the mechanic at 2. Caller: Jane Brown, an employee. Harrison Motors. Message for: Mr. Green Message for: Mr. Black Message: Shes sick today Message: His cars ready 3. Caller: Ann Richards Message for: Steward Message: Meet her at the cinema 8:00. 4. Caller: John Frank Message for: Mrs. Connor Message: Hell be late for the meeting

1 A telephone conversation
David phones Maria one night. Number their conversation in the right order.

Maria _______a. Id love to David, but Id like to wash my hair tonight. David _______b. Sorry, David, but Im afraid Im expecting an important David _______d. Yes. Perhaps Ill be free next weekend. Maria _______e. Ill be quick, then. Would you like to come out to a party this evening? David _______f. Fine. Ive give you a ring on Wednesday or Thursday. Bye. Maria _______g. Well, actually, Im in the middle of painting the garage. David _______h. 098210. Maria Carpenter speaking. Maria _______i. OK. Some other time perhaps? David _______j. Oh, Hello, David. How are you? Maria _______k. Well, we can go when your hairs dry. David _______l. Hello. Maria. This is David. phone call. Maria ________c. Fine. Are you busy? I hope Im not ringing at a bad time.

2 What would you say?

It is 10 a.m. and Tony Whitelaw is phoning Mr. Pollock who works at BAJAJ Motors. The number is 90210 but Tony makes a mistake and dials 90222. (1) (2) A womans voice answer: ________________________________________________________________ Tony realizes he has dialed the wrong number and apologies: ________________________________________________________________ 58

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

(10) (11)

The woman replies politely: ________________________________________________________________ Tony phones again and the girl on the switchboard at BAJAJ Motors answers: ________________________________________________________________ Tony asks for Mr. Pollocks desk telephone number which is 77: ________________________________________________________________ The girl replies: ________________________________________________________________ The phone rings and Mr. Pollocks secretary answers it: ________________________________________________________________ Tony asks to speak to Mr. Pollock: ________________________________________________________________ The secretary says Mr. Pollock is at a meeting, but she tries to help: ________________________________________________________________ Tony wants Mr. Pollock to know that is in London until Wednesday, is staying at the Queen Park Hotel and would like to see him as soon as possible: ________________________________________________________________ The secretary replies: ________________________________________________________________ Tony: Thank you.

3 Express your own question to the answer below.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. A: ______________________________________________________________ B: Yes, I have. I called Mr. Arnold a few minutes ago. A: ______________________________________________________________ B Yes, I did. I called her this morning. A: ______________________________________________________________ B: No. She didnt leave a message. A: ______________________________________________________________ B: Sure. Ill call him again if he is not busy A: ______________________________________________________________ B: My phone number is 436 6521 A: ______________________________________________________________ B: No. He doesnt know my phone number. A: ______________________________________________________________ B: Sure. Ill return his call sometime this afternoon. A: ______________________________________________________________ B: Sorry, I dont know the area code for London. A: ______________________________________________________________ B: Im afraid Mr. Matthew is busy right now. A: ______________________________________________________________ B: Mr. Ron did. He called you an hour ago but you were out. A: ______________________________________________________________ B: Thanks. Do you know whos calling? A: ______________________________________________________________ B: Okay Linda. What line? A: ______________________________________________________________ 59

14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

B: As I know his phone number is 375-9543 A: ______________________________________________________________ B: Just dial 5 for operator and dial the number you want. A: ______________________________________________________________ B: Sorry. Wrong number. A: ______________________________________________________________ B: Yes. Id like to speak to Mr. Raymond, please. A: ______________________________________________________________ B: Yes, thats right. This is doctor Lees office. A: ______________________________________________________________ B: No. Just tell him I am going to his house at seven tonight. A: ______________________________________________________________ B: Yes. You can use the coin. A: ______________________________________________________________ B: Pick up the receiver first. Then insert the card or coin in the slot.
When there is a will there is a way

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4. Experience
Objectives: After completing this lesson , you should able to: Ask about ones experience Tell experience

Attention: a) Study this example: Tom: Look! Its raining again. Ann: Oh no, not again. It rained all day yesterday too. Rained is the simple past tense. We use the simple past to talk about actions or situations I enjoyed the party very much Mr. Brown died ten years ago When I lived in Athens, I worked in a bank b) Very often the simple past ends in ed: Spelling Rules for Regular Past Tense Verbs
END OF VERB -ED FORM
Rule 1: END OF VERB: A CONSONAT + -e ADD d Live lived Close Closed ONE VOWEL + ONE CONSONANT* Double the consonant, ADD -ed Rob robbed Beg begged TWO VOWELS +ONE CONSONANT ADD ed; Do not double the consonant Explain explained Clean cleaned TWO CONSONANTS ADD ed; Do not double the consonant Start started Jump jumped CONSONANT + -y CHANGE y To -i ADD -ed Hurry hurried try tried VOWEL + -y ADD ed; Do not change y To i Pray prayed Destroy destroyed

Rule 2: Rule 3: Rule 4: Rule 5: Rule 6:

but many important verbs are irregular. This means that the simple past does not end in ed: leave left We all left the party at 11:00 go went Last month I went to Rome to see a friend of mine cost cost This house cost $75,000 in 1980

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1. Now write down the past tenses of these verbs. Are they rule 1,2,3,4,5 or 6?
Verbs Rule? Verbs Rule?

1. arrive 2. cook 3. dance 4. shop 5. remember 6. kidnap 7. like 8. tip 9. love 10. greet

11. marry 12. slap 13. play 14. watch 15. wash 16. date 17. reward 18. look 19. start 20. stop

EXCEPTIONS: Do not double x (fix + -ed = fixed). Do not double w (snow + -ed = snowed). NOTE: For two-syllable verbs that end in a vowel and a consonant (e.g., visit, open), the consonant is not doubled if the stress is on the first syllable. The consonant is doubled if the stress is on the second syllable (e.g., admit, occur).

2. Fill in the missing verbs. Choose from the verbs in the box.
Am(m) Am not (m not) was wasnt is (s) isnt are arent were werent

Diane : Hello, Vince. Vince : Hi! How are you? Diane : I_______________ fine. And you? Vince : I _______________ very well. Diane : Oh! Really? Im sorry? Vince : Yes. I ____________ at the conference today. I _______ in bed. Diane : Well, dont worry. It ____________ interesting. Vince : ___________________ you and Paul both there? Diane : No, ____________. Paul _____________ at a meeting with LP3M. Where ______________ Joanne now? Vince : I dont know. She _____________ here at lunchtime. By the way. Diane, ________ Those German people from BMW? Diane : No, they _____________. I asked them. They __________ from SONY. Vince : Ah! That ____________ interesting. Thank you.

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3. Write conversations
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A: Where/you last night? B: We/at home. A: The party /fun? B: Yes/quite fun. A: Where/your lecturer last week? B: He/on holiday. A: The lecture/interesting? B: Yes/very interesting? A: You/meeting this morning? B: No/in bed A: They/conference yesterday? B: Yes/there all day. A: Where were you last night? B: ______________________________ A: ______________________________ B: ______________________________ A: ______________________________ B: ______________________________ A: ______________________________ B: ______________________________ A: ______________________________ B: ______________________________ A: ______________________________ B: ______________________________

4. Answer these questions.

1. Where were you at 6 oclock this morning? .. at 9 oclock last night? this time last week? yesterday morning?......................................................................... 2. Where did you go last holiday? 3. How did you go there? . 4. What did you see there? . 5. What did you eat? 6. What did you drink? 7. What did you buy? 8. Who did you go with? 9. How did you come home? 10. Did you send any postcards? 11. Did you take any photographs? 12. Did you enjoy it?

5. Now write questions like this:

1. Ask where they went last summer. ____________________________________ 63

2. Ask how they traveled. 3. Ask where they stayed on the way 4. Ask how long the journey took. 5. Ask if they did anything special. 6. Ask if they enjoyed the camping.

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

7. Ask where they stayed after camping ____________________________________ 8. Ask how long they stayed in Canada ____________________________________

6. Complete the spaces. Use the past of the words in the box.
Come Go write meet ride take shine is send see bring

Andrew ________ to Egypt last summer. He ________ a lot of people there. He _________ a lot of letters and _________ them to all his friends. The sun ________ nearly every day. It _______ very hot. He ________the Great Pyramid and he _________ on a camel. He _________ a lot of photos. He __________ home by British Airways. He ________ a lot of souvenirs with him.

7 Comprehension
Read this passage, and then answer the questions below. Jim Clough got up at 7.00 this morning. He has a good breakfast, and then he left the house. Jim usually drives to work, but it was a nice morning, s he walked. He went through the park, and then he started to cross Bens Street. Unfortunately, he didnt look very carefully, and a cyclist ran into him. Jim fell down and hurt his arm. His wife gave him lunch in bed, and after lunch the doctor came. He looked at Jims arm, and said, Im sorry, Mr. Clough, but Im afraid you must stay in bed for three days. Three days? said Jim. Yes, Said the doctor, Im sorry. But Jim looked happy. Sorry? he said. Im not, Im glad. The big football match is on Friday. Now I can watch it at home on the TV! 1. What time did Jim get up? 2. What did he do after breakfast? 3. How does Jim usually get to work? 64

4. Why did he walk this morning? 5. Where did the accident happen? 6. Why did the accident happen? 7. What happened to Jim when the cyclist hit him? 8. Where did Jim have lunch? 9. What happened after lunch? 10. What does Jim have to do?

8. Writing about the past

Read the story about Jim again, and look at Claire Robins diary below. Then write about Claire Robins day.

Clare Robins got up at 7:30. She Claire usually

., but it was..so a man stepped out in front of her, and she ran into him. She A driver stopped and The doctor

...and said..A week? said Claire. Yes. But..Sorry?

she said..!

5. Checking & Talking

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About the Past

Attention a) We use yet when we ask if something has happened or we say that something has not happened. We use yet mainly in questions and negative sentences. Yet usually goes at the end of the sentence: Im hungry. Is dinner ready yet? Have you finished writing that letter yet? Its 10:00 and Tom hasnt gotten up yet? (or isnt up yet) We dont know where were going on our vacation yet. We often use yet with the present perfect (Have you finished writing that letter yet?) I You We They He She It Ive Hes ve have s has never I You We They He She It Have you Has he havent have not hasnt has not Ever

been to London. seen the Queen.

been to London Seen the yet? Queen Been to London? Seen the Queen?

b) Yet shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: Have you done your homework yet? I havent told them about the accident yet.

1 Write about Je-Lo

Example: Shes been to Mexico City She hasnt been to Sao Paulo yet 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Je-Lo, the famous singer, is on a concert Theyre

2 Write about The Cats

Example: Theyve been to Boston They havent been to Dallas yet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The Bats are very popular group. 66

tour of Latin America. Its the day of the tour, and Shes in Lima
Je- Lo: Tour of Latin America

on a concert tour of the U.S. Its the fifth day of the tour, and theyre in Miami.
The Bats: Tour of the United States
Itinerary: June 1-10 Day 1: Boston Day 6: New Orleans Day 2: New York Day 7: Dallas Day 3: Washington Day 8: Las Vegas Day 4: Atlanta Day 9: San Francisco Day 5: Miami Day 10; Los Angeles

Itinerary: June 1-10: Day 1: Mexico City Day 6: Santiago Day2: Panama City Day 7: Sao Paulo Day3: Bogota Day 8: Rio de Janeiro Day4: Guayaquil Day 9: Caracas Day 5: Lima Day 10: San Juan

3 Write questions and answers about Je Lo.

Example: Has she been to Atlanta yet? Yes, she has. Has she been to Dallas yet? No, she hasnt 1. ____________________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________________________ 4. ____________________________________________________________________ 5. ____________________________________________________________________ 6. ____________________________________________________________________ 7. ____________________________________________________________________

4 Write questions and answers about the Bats

Example: Have they been to Mexico City yet? Yes, they have. Have they been to Sao Paulo yet? No, they havent. 1. ____________________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________________________ 4. ____________________________________________________________________ 5. ____________________________________________________________________ 6. ____________________________________________________________________ 7. ____________________________________________________________________

5 Mingle: Check your friends activities

NAME 67

CHECKING
Have breakfast? What time? What/eat/lunch? Where/with? Who/with? Watch TV? When? What program? Who/with? Take a rest? What time? Where? See LOTR? When? Where? Who/with? Meet/soul-mate? Where? When? Have a shower? When? How long? This class /finish? When/it/start? Speak to/any friends? Who/speak to? Speak/your mother tongue/in class? What/say?

6. Events & CIRCUMSTANCES

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Attention a) Study this example situation: Yesterday Tom and Jim played tennis. They began at 10 oclock and finished at 11 oclock. What were they doing at 10.30? They were playing tennis (at 10.30) They were playing means that they were in the middle of playing tennis. They had started playing but they hadnt finished. This is the past continuous tense (Circumstances) I//He/She was We/They/You were

playing

We use the past continuous to say that someone was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this time but hadnt finished: This time last year I was living in Brazil. What were you doing at 10 oclock last nigh t? b) The past continuous does not tell us whether an action was finished or not. Perhaps it was finished, perhaps not. Compare: Tom was cooking the dinner. (past continuous) = He was in the middle of cooking the dinner and we dont know whether he finished cooking it. Tom cooked the dinner. (past simple) = he began and finished it c) We often use the past continuous (I was doing) and the past simple (I did) together to say that something happened in the middle of something else: Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner. I saw Jim in the pub. He was drinking gin and talking to the barman. It was raining when I got up. While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back. But to say that one thing happened after another, use the pas simple: Yesterday evening Tom was having a bath when the phone rang. He got out of the bath and answered the phone. Compare: When Tome arrived, we were having dinner. (past continuous) = We started dinner before Tom arrived. When Tom arrive, we had dinner. (past simple) = Tom arrived and then we had dinner.

1 Read the four passages below, and answer the questions

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A. I first met your father while we were living in London, about 20 years ago. I was having lunch in a small caf in Kensington when he walk in and asked if he could share my table C The titles were uncovered accidentally by workmen while they were laying a gas main. An expert from the museum was called in, and he identified them as a part of a roman Villa B. Poor Mrs. Phillips. She was walking down High Street yesterday when a chimney fell off one of the houses and crashed onto pavement. It missed her by inches D. I remember it as if it was yesterday. We were all sitting in the kitchen playing cards when the music suddenly stopped and they announced that he was dead. we just couldnt believe it 1. 2 a) What are the events in each passage? b) In what circumstances did these events occur? How are (a) when (b) while used to link events and circumstances?

2 Match the events and circumstances in the two lists below. Talk about each
pair using when and while. Example: He was painting the ceiling when he fell off the ladder. He fell of the ladder while he was painting the ceiling. Events 1. He fell of f the ladder 2. His jeans split 3. He burnt his hand. 4. The TV screen went blank 5. He lost consciousness. 6. The tyre burst 7. He found his passport 8. His pen ran out 9. He bit his tongue. Circumstances He was writing a cheque. He was tidying his room He was climbing over the fence. He was having breakfast He was painting the ceiling He was taking the meat out of the oven He was being given the injection. He was turning a corner He was watching the news

3 Fill in the missing words. Choose from the verbs in the box
Was Hit Got crossing Were watching hit was was wasnt

Last year the Albatross, A British cruise ship ________ the Atlantic, when it _________ an iceberg. It ________ eleven oclock at night. Luckily, it __________ a 70

very big iceberg, but the passengers __________ a terrible shock. When the ship ___________ the iceberg some of them _______________ a film in the ships cinema. The film _____________ The Titanic.

4 Here is a list of some things that Ann did yesterday (and the times at which she
did them): 1. 08.45 - 09.15 2. 09.15 10.00 3. 10.00 12.00 had breakfast read the newspaper cleaned her flat 4. 12.45 01.30 5. 02.30 03.30 6. 04.00 06.00 had lunch was some clothes watched television

Now write sentences saying what she was doing at these times: 1. At 9 oclock she was having breakfast 2. At 9.30 she __________________________________________________________ 3. At 11 oclock _______________________________________________________ 4. At 1 oclock__________________________________________________________ 5. At 3 oclock _________________________________________________________ 6. At 5 oclock _________________________________________________________

5 Put the verb into the correct form, past continuous or simple.
Example: While Tom was cooking (cook) the dinner, the phone rang (ring) 1. (paint) the ceiling. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Last night I _________ (read) in bed when suddenly I ________________ (you/watch) television when I phoned? Ann _____________ (wait) for me when I ____________ (arrive) I _______________ (not/drive) very fast when the accident I _______________ (break) a plate last night. I ____________ __________ (hear) a scream. George____________ (fall) off the ladder while he _________

__________ (happen). (do) the washing up when it _____________(slip) out of my hand.

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7. 8. 9. 10.

Tom _____________ (take) a photograph of me while I We ____________ (not/go) out because it ___________ (rain) What ______________ (not/do) at this time yesterday? I __________ (see) Carol at the party. She ___________ (wear)

____________ (not/look)

really beautiful dress.

6 Events and circumstances: When & While

Each pair of prompts below refers to a past event and the circumstances in which it took place. Decide which is which, and write two sentences saying what happened (a) using when , (b) while. Example: Walk in the park / meet an old friend (I) a) I was walking in the park yesterday when I met an old friend. b) I met an old friend while I was walking in the park yesterday. 1. find a $10 note / do the washing (he) a) He______________________________________________________________ b) _________________________________________________________________ 2. hear the news / have dinner (we) a) ________________________________________________________________ b) ________________________________________________________________ 3. read a magazine / fall asleep (I) a) ________________________________________________________________ b) ________________________________________________________________ 4. get on the boat / be arrested (they) a) _________________________________________________________________ b) _________________________________________________________________ 5. get out of bed / feel a terrible pain (she) a) _________________________________________________________________ b) _________________________________________________________________ 6. lose consciousness / throw water on the flames (He) a) _________________________________________________________________ b) _________________________________________________________________

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7. Describing Object
Objectives After completing this lesson, you should be able to: describe an object by its colour, shape, measurement, and function; ask about the appearance of an object. Attention To ask about the colour of an object, you say: What colour is it? you new shirt? What is the colour of it? your new shirt? To answer those questions, you say: It is black white red To ask about the shape, you say: What shape is it? What is the shape of it? To answer the questions, you say: The shape is rectangular or It is triangular It is circular It is square It is cylindrical Or you can say: The shape is like It is shape like a a a a a rectangle. triangle. circle. square. pyramid. 73 it is rectangular in shape it is triangular in shape it is circular is shape

a cone. a cube. a cylinder. a bird. a star. an apple. the letter T To ask about measurement of an object, you say: How big is it? How high is it? How long is it? How thick is it? How much does it weigh? Or you can say: What is the size of it? What is the height of it? What is the width of it? What is the length of it? What is weight of it? What is the thickness of it? What is the area o of it? To answer those questions, you say: It is 150 cm high or its height is 150 cm. It is 70 cm long or its length is 70 cm It is 5 cm thick or its thickness is 5 cm. 2 The area of the rectangle is 60 cm . (Read: Sixty square centimeters) The area of the box is 150cm3. (Read: A hundred and fifty cubic centimeters) To ask about the function of an object, you say: What is the function of it? What is the function of a dictionary? Or What is it for? To answer those questions, you say: Its function is to hold pens. It is for finding out the correct pronunciation of a word. To ask about the property of an object, you say: What does it have? What does it consist of? What are its properties? To answer those questions, you say; It has one leg. It has two leg. It has a handle. It consists of four legs and one seat, 74

It consists of a keyboard, a CPU and a monitor. Note: There are several ways to describe measurement/size. For example: The table is 60 cm high. The table is 60 cm in height. The height of the table is 60 cm. The tables height is 60 cm. The table has a height of 60 cm. These sentence patterns can also be used to describe the measurement for width, length, thickness and weight.

Exercise 1a Fill in the blanks with the following words. Rectangle triangle square cubic shape Circle cone triangular cylindrical conical
1. Most of the books are ____________ in shape.

rectangle pyramidical circular

2. You should have a safety __________ in front of the car that breaks down. 3. The full moon is always _______________ 4. An edible container of ice cream is usually_____________ 5. In Indonesia its difficult to find sugar in ______________ 6. Pipes are always _____________ in shape. 7. A coin is shaped like a __________________ 8. The shape of TV screen is _______________ 9. A blackboard is usually shaped like a _________________ 10.The letter A is ________________ in shape. 11.Bacang food is shaped like a _______________________ 12.Tumpeng food is shaped like a _____________________

Exercise 1b Fill in the blanks with the following words. Size length big long High thick width weight
1. My dictionary is 1050 pages__________

height wide

thickness weigh

2. The _______ of the main street should be at least 12 m. 3. What __________ of shoes do you wear? 4. What is your _______________? It is 60 kg. 75

5. How _______________ is your fridge? Its just enough for a family of three. 6. My girlfriend is taller than me. Her _____________ is 170 cm. 7. How _____________ is the sky? Nobody knows. 8. Jl. Syailendra is not as ____________as Jl. Bantam. 9. The ___________ of that glass is 0,5 cm. 10.Do you know how much you ______________? 11.The street in front of my house is more than 12 m?

Exercise 2 Complete the blank spaces with either adjectives or nouns. For example: You should make it like a triangle. Can you make it triangular in shape? 1. The shape of the land is a ________________________
2. This land is _____________________ 3. That ice cube is _________________________________ 4. That ice cube is ________________________in shape. 5. That invitation is lovely. It shaped like a ____________. 6. The shuttle cock case is always _____________________ 7. The shape of the shuttle cock is like a _______________

Exercise 3 Guess what object is described and after that make your own guessing game. 1. it is rectangular in shape. Its colour can vary, either black, yellow, green or
others. It is about 40 cm long and 25 cm wide. It has two covers and there is a grip inside. It is for holding paper, etc. What is it? 2. It is shaped like a circle, or a square or maybe a rectangle. Its colour can vary, but its most common colour is black or white. Its diameter is about 4 or 5 cm and it weighs about 25 cm grams. If I tell you what its function is, you can guess it easily, but its especially needed when you plan to do something consist of two things, the main part that has two needles or just numbers and the other part is for holding. Now please make your own sentences.

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Exercise 4 Answer the question below. I : Do you have something special?

U I U I U I U I U I U I U I U : ___________________________________________________ : What is? : ___________________________________________________ : What is it like? : ___________________________________________________ : What is it for? : ___________________________________________________ : How big is it? : ___________________________________________________ : How high is it? : ___________________________________________________ : How long is it? : ___________________________________________________ : Is it thick? How thick is it? : ___________________________________________________

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8. CAUSE AND RESULT

Attention
a) Study this simple situations: Anns clothes are covered in paint. She has been painting the ceiling. Has been painting is the present perfect continuous tense. b) We use the present perfect continuous when we talk about an action that begin in the past and has recently stopped or just stopped. Here are some examples: You are out of breath. Have you been running? Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? c) We are interested in the action. It does not matter whether something has been finished or not. It the example, the action has been finished. Here are some pairs of example: Toms hands are very dirty. He has been fixing the car. Youve been smoking too much lately. You should smoke less.

1. Use each phrase in the box once to describe what these people have been doing.
Listen / loud music Miss / lunch Pick up / heavy things Play / tennis Drink / water from the tap Eat / a lot of sweet things Eat / too much Lie / in the sun Walk / in the train Work out / at the gym Work / hard Work / too hard Sit / in a drought Smoke / too much Walk / in new shoes Run

1. Maggie has got a sore shoulder. ____________________________________________ 2. Jim is out breath. ________________________________________________________ 3. John feels worn out. _____________________________________________________ 4. Megan feels sick. ________________________________________________________ 5. Bryan is getting thin. _____________________________________________________ 6. Trudy is feeling great. ____________________________________________________ 7. Mr. Green is getting fat. ___________________________________________________ 8. Amanda has got a bad cough. ______________________________________________ 78

9. Liz is very tired. _________________________________________________________ 10. Toms skin has gone brown. _______________________________________________ 11. Maggie has got a headache. _______________________________________________ 12. Ron has got toothache. ___________________________________________________ 13. Tim has got a cold. ______________________________________________________ 14. Mr. Brown has got a backache. ____________________________________________ 15. Steve has got a temperature. ______________________________________________ 16. Mia has got blisters on her feet. ____________________________________________

2. Write the recent activities of the situations below.

1. Sallys clothes are covered in mud and theres a football near her. ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Jack is sweaty and hes holding an axe. ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Marys hair and clothes are wet and shes got a wet umbrella, too. ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Kenneth has a screwdriver and theres a car behind him. ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Bobby has just got out of a fitness centre and he looks tired. ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. James eyes are red and watery ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. Rons face and hands are very dirty ___________________________________________________________________________ _ 8. Jane has just come back from the beach. He is very red. ____________________________________________________________________________ 9. Bob has a black eye, and Bill has a cut lip. ____________________________________________________________________________

79

3. Look around you, and write 10 things about and action that began in the past and has recently stopped or just stopped.
Example: Jane feels dizzy. He has been having examination. 1. ________________________________________________________________ _ 2. ________________________________________________________________ _ 3. ________________________________________________________________ _ 4. ________________________________________________________________ _ 5. ________________________________________________________________ _ 6. ________________________________________________________________ _ 7. ________________________________________________________________ _ 8. ________________________________________________________________ _ 9. ________________________________________________________________ _ 10. ________________________________________________________________ _

80

Man purposes, God disposes

9. TALKING ABOUT HEALTH

Attention
To ask about somebodys health, you say: How are you? Whats wrong with you? What happened to you? Whats the problem? Whats the matter? To answer the questions above, you say: I dont feel well. Im not feeling well. Something is making me sick I feel terrible To ask about somebodys symptoms, you say: What are the problems? What seems to be the problem? What are the symptoms? To answer the question above, you say: I feel dizzy and cold.

81

Ive got pains all over my body It hurts when ..

To describe the sickness

a headache. a stomachache an earache a toothache a sore eye a sore leg a sore lip A broken leg A stopped-up nose A pain in my arm back chest tooth head stomach ear eye leg lip leg nose arm back chest

aches sore is broken stopped up hurting

Ive got

Or

My

1. The words below are some of the most important used when talking about the Health and Healthcare. Find the meaning in Bahasa Indonesia.
Health and Healthcare - Illnesse stomach ache toothache cough hart disease infectious disease ear ache cancer flu infection pain Ache Headache Cold Heart attack Infection

Health and Healthcare - Minor Injuries Bruise cut Graze wound

Health and Healthcare - Treatment check-up injection take medicine pill tranquilizer Health and Healthcare - People doctor nurse surgeon general practitioner patient dose (of medicine) give some an injection operation plaster

Bandage Drugs Medicine pain-killer tablet

dentist midwife specialist

Health and Healthcare - Places operating theatre ward surgery

Hospital waiting room

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 Catch Hurt

Health and Healthcare - Verbs cure injure prescription heal operate on treat

Prescribe Treatment Fit feel sick healthy unwell

Health and Healthcare - Adjectives ill be sick unhealthy well sick vomit painful

83

2. Talking about health. Write the missing words in the crossroads.

Clues: A = Across; D = Down Jill: Hello Mum. How are you today? Mrs. Grey: I dont feel (16A) well, Im afraid. Jill: Oh, . (10A). (13A) sorry. Whats the ? (14D) Mrs. Grey: Ive (1A) an awful (7A) in my Shoulder. Jill: Why dont you (2D) some medicine? Mrs. Grey: The doctor (11D) me some medicine Last night, but it didnt help. Jill: What about your back? Mrs. Grey: Thats (19A) . (22A) today. Jill: Oh good. I am .. (11A). Well, I must go. George (5D) his love. And heres Todays newspaper for you to ..(17D) Mrs. Grey: .. (3A), dear. Goodbye. Jill: Bye. Ill come and see you ..(15A) tomorrow

Lily: Hows your headache? Ann: Not too . (1D), Im afraid. Lily: Why dont you .. (2D) an (4D) Ann: Yes, I will, I think Ive got a .. (3D), too. I feel very (20D). I think Ill spend the (12D) in bed. Fred: Whats the (14D)? You look (9D) Dave: I am. Ive got a stomach .(6A). Fred: Perhaps you . (18A) too . (19A) for dinner last night. Dave: Yes, I think I (21A) Time when I was Fred: You always eat too (19A). Why dont you (17D) the diet questionnaire in Building Strategies, Unit 3? Then you can check your (8A)!

43

3. Choose the best answer A, B, C, D.

Mr. Green hasnt been feeling well lately. Now he is with the doctor in his office. Doctor: Mr. Green: Doctor: Mr. Green: Doctor: Mr. Green: chest. Doctor : Mr. Green: Doctor: Mr. Green: Doctor: Mr. Green: Doctor: pill Mr. Green: Doctor:
1.

Good morning, sit down, please. (1)_________________________? Doctor, I (2)_________________________ well for the last week. And what exactly (3) _________________________________? Well, I (4) ___________________________ a slight headache. Anything (5) _________________________? In the mornings I sometimes (6) __________________________ my Uh-uh. Any other (7) ______________________________? Sometimes my back (8) _______________, so I cant sleep well at night. I see. O.K. (9)______ take off your shirt? Im going to examine you. (10)______ recently? Perhaps a little bit. (11) ___________________________? Im a lecturer. Whats wrong with me doctor? Nothing serious. Heres the prescription. (12) ___________________ one before you go to bed each night. You (13) ________ try to stop worrying. (14) __________________________ come back, doctor? Yes, come and see me again in two weeks
5. a. more b. again c. else d. later 9. a. Would you like me b. Shall I C. May d. Can you 14a. a. can b. ought c. must d. will

a. What problem b. Whats wrong c. What the matter d. is it the matter a. didnt feel b. m not feeling c. havent been feeling d. feeling not a. the matter b. the problem c. is the matter d. is it the matter

2.

6. a. feel a sore 10. a. Do you worry in b. Are you worrying b. feel a pain in c. Have you been c. feel an ache on worrying d. feel a pain on d. Did you worry 7. a. matter b. things c. complain d. problems 11. a. What do you do b. What are you doing c. How do you do d. What your job is

14a. a. Do I have to b. Shall I c. Need I to d. Will I

3.

44

4.

a. ve got b. got c. m having d. been having

8. a. aches b. painful c. hurt d. hurting

12. a. Drink b. Take c. Eat d. Taking

4. Fill in the blanks with the following words.

hurt sick aches pains problem wrong how sore medicine have a injection take pills doctor examined stomach appointment prescription terrible

Last time when I was ..1, I went to a ..2 of course, I made an. ..3 beforehand. In the doctors room, the doctor 4 my body. The I had an 5, after that the doctor wrote a ... 6. the doctor was very kind. He was asked me lots of questions. This is some of the conversation we had: Doctor said I said Doctor said I said : You look terrible. Whats 7 with you? : I8 got ..9 all over my body. : What seems to be the .10? : I dont know, Doc, but my back 11 my chest is ..12 I

feel 13 and I always want to vomit. The doctor then touched my . 14 and asked me again. Doctor said I said Doctor said I said Doctor said I said : 15 does it feel? Does it 16? : Yes, Doc. : Have you taken any 17? : Yes I have. I bought it from a stall. : Now, please buy this prescription. They are18 please? 19 them three times..20 day. : All right, Doc. Thank you very much.

5. Answer the following question

I U I U I : Have you ever had an anemia? : _______________________________________________________________ : What about a sore eye? Have you ever had it? : _______________________________________________________________ : Why did you have it?

45

U I U I U I U

: _______________________________________________________________ : How did you recover from it? : _______________________________________________________________ : Have you ever been hospitalized? : _______________________________________________________________ : What about an operation? : _______________________________________________________________

6. The are 30 illnesses in this puzzle. How many can you find?
ILLNESS PUZZLE F L U Q D I Z Z Y N G O U T F G L J E G L E X Z Q A I M A G A E A H U A V H M T S N S S U K N S S M S J N U E J K Y N O S E B L E E D P D K A N R K L L E M F A T Q M Q F E F C T D S O R E E Y G S H C I R G R B A I I F L Q V Z K K I S O A I P A I N C C H M R M Y J P C A U L N H T N C M E E V T T X Z A K I G K G J U S E L S A X M E A S L E S H Q W K R O R K C D Q G B V X E H Z C V O L E M Q P A A S A S T H M A G H K R G L N W O B C O L D B T H L C R A M P C I E I I H R X H E A R T S I C K N V A R U E E H L E P R O S Y O S T I F F T Y S

46

7 Ask your friends about who often gets the sickness listed below. Ask
them why they got the sickness and how they recovered from it. For example:
You Jane You Jane You Jane No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 : Have you ever had a stomach-ache? : Yes I have. : Why did you have it? : Because I ate food that was too spicy : How did you recover from it? : I took medicine called Promaag Sicknesses Stomach ache Toothache Fever Ear-ache Sore-eye Rash Measles Flu Stopped-up nose Nose bleed Diarrhea Headache People who have had it Jane Why did he have it? He ate spicy food How did he recover from it He took a medicine

10. COMPARING THINGS

47

Attention
a) Study this examples: Lets go by car. Its cheaper. Dont go by train. Its more expensive. Cheaper and more expensive are comparative forms. We use comparative forms to compare two different things After comparatives we use than: Its cheaper to go by car than to go by train. b) We use er for the comparative of short adjectives and adverbs: cheap/cheaper hard/harder large/larger thin/thinner This jacket is too small. I need a larger size Ann works harder than most of her friends c) We use more (not er) for other two-syllable adjectives and longer adjectives: more modern more serious more comfortable More expensive hotels are usually more comfortable than cheaper ones. Her illness was more serious than we first thought. We also use more for adverbs that end in ly. more slowly more seriously more quietly more carefully

d) To compare more than two things we use superlative forms. We use the est or the most to form the superlative and adjectives and adverbs. In general we use the est for shorter words and the most for longer words. For example: long/the longest hot/the hottest easy/the easier but the most famous the most boring the most difficult Yesterday was the hottest day of the year That was the most boring movie Ive ever seen. We sometimes use most + adjective (without the) to mean very: The book you lent me was most interesting. (=very interesting) Thank you for the money. It was most generous of you. (=very generous) e) To compare two similar things, we use as + adjective + as Study this example situation:
Joe, Henry, Arthur, Ivan are all millionaires They are all very rich. Joe has $10 million, Henry has $6 million, Arthur has $2 million, Ivan has $ 2 million. So: Henry is rich He is richer than Arthur But Joe is the richest of them And Arthur is as rich as Ivan

48

We use as as in positive sentences and in questions Im sorry Im late. I got here as fast as I could Theres plenty of food, so eat as much as you like John is as strong as Arnold We also say twice as as, three times as as, etc. Gasoline is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago. Their house is about three times as big as ours f) List of Comparison Degree 1. Adjectives of one syllable Adjectives of one syllable add -er and -est. Adjectives ending on 'e' just add -r and -st. Some adjectives double the final consonant. Adjective Small Warm Old Nice Comparative Smaller Warmer Older/Elder Nicer Superlative Smallest Warmest Oldest/Eldest Nicest

2. Adjectives of two syllables Some adjectives of two syllables add -er and -est. Adjectives ending in 'y' use -ier and -iest. Adjectives ending in -ful, -less, -ing, -ed use more and most. Some other adjectives of two syllables use more and most (modern, famous, normal, correct,..). Adjective Narrow Happy Useful Boring Modern Comparative Narrower Happier More Useful More Boring More Modern Superlative Narrowest Happiest Most Useful Most Boring Most Modern

3. Adjectives of three or more syllables Adjectives of three or more syllables use more and most. Adjective Beautiful Dangerous Exciting 4. Irregular adjectives Comparative More Beautiful More Dangerous More Exciting Superlative Most Beautiful Most Dangerous Most Exciting

49

You will have to learn these by heart. Adjective Comparative Good (well) Better Bad Worse Little Less Much, Many More Far Farther/Further Late Later

Superlative Best Worst Least Most Farthest/Furthest Latest

1. Complete these sentences. Use the comparative of the words in

parentheses
Example: Her illness was more serious than we first thought. (serious) 1. Sorry Im late. It took me ________________to get here _________ I expected. (long) 2. My toothache is__________________ it was yesterday. (painful) 3. She looks about 20, but in fact shes much ________________ she looks. (old) 4. The problem is not so complicated. Its _______________ you think. (simple) 5. Your English has improve. You speak a lot _______________ you did when we last met. (fluently) 6. Health and happiness are ______________________ money. (important) 7. We always go camping when we go on vacation. Its much ______________ staying in a hotel. (cheap) 8. I like the country. Its ____________________ and _________________ living in the city. (health/peaceful) 9. Let me ask him. I know him ________________ you. (good) 10. You are standing too near the camera. Can you move a little _________ away? (far)

2. Complete these sentences. Each time use the comparative form of one
of the following adjectives or adverbs:
easily expensive thin quiet 1. This jacket is too small. I need a larger size. crowded early large near often

2. You look ________________________. Have you lost weight? 3. hes not so enthusiastic about his studies. Hes ____________ in having a good time.

50

4. Youll find your way around the town_______________ if you have a map. 5. Youre making too much noise. Can you be a little bit__________________? 6. There were a lot of people in the caf. It was ___________________ than usual. 7. Youre late. I expected you to be here __________________________ 8. You hardly ever write to me. Why dont you write a little________________? 9. The hotel was surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be much___________________ 10. Its a shame you live so far away. I wish you lived__________________________

3. Complete the sentences with a superlative and preposition.

Example: Its a very nice room. Its the nicest room in the hotel. 1. Its a very cheap restaurant. Its_____________________ town. 2. It was a very happy day. It was _________________________ my life. 3. Shes very intelligent student. She_______________________ the school. 4. Its very valuable painting. It______________________________ the gallery. In the following sentences use one of the + superlative. Example: Its a very nice room. Its one of the nicest rooms in the hotel 5. Hes a very rich man. Hes one_________________________ the world. 6. Its very old castle. Its ________________________________ France. 7. Shes very good student. She___________________________ the class. 8. It was very good experience. It was_______________________ my life. 9. Hes a very dangerous criminal. He_______________________ the country. 10. She is a very beautiful girl. She ___________________________ the village.

4. Fill in the correct comparative.

1. 2. 3.
Sport is ________________ (interesting) than politics. Leah is ________________ (tall) than her sister. He's ________________ (nice) than your other friends.

51

4. 5. 6. 7.
8.

He's got a ________________ (big) car. Ice hockey is ________________ (dangerous) than basketball. The weather is ________________ (bad) than yesterday. History is ________________ (boring) than geography. I think Tina is ... (pretty) than Mandy.

5. Fill in the correct superlative.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. That was the _______________ (funny) film I've ever seen. It was the ________________ (horrible) feeling I've ever had. This is the _______________ (bad) book I have ever read. It's the ________________ (large) company in the country. That's the _______________ (helpful) idea so far. The factory uses the _______________ (modern) production methods. This is the _______________ (early) I've ever got up. It was the ________________ (sad) day of my life.

6. Fill in the correct comparative or superlative. Also use the/than if necessary.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. My new car is ________________ my old one. (fast) I think Mike is ________________ person in our class. (intelligent) Let's go to the library. It's ________________ there. (quiet) My bedroom is ________________ room in the house. (cold) My handwriting is bad, but Jenny's is ________________ (bad) Brazil is ________________ South American country. (big) A television is ________________ a book. (heavy) It's ________________ flower I have ever seen. (beautiful)

7 Comparing you and your partner 52

YOU (FILL IN FIRST)

YOUR PARTNER

WHO IS ?

AGE HEIGHT SIZE OF ARMS NUMBER OF FAMILY MEMBERS MONEY IN YOUR POCKET WEIGHT TIME YOU WAKE UP

(young) (old) (tall) (short) (long) (short) (big) (small)

(rich) (poor) (heavy) (light) (early) (late)

NameRecord1.Cm2.Cm3.Cm4.Cm5.Kg6.Kg7.
Years old8.Years old9.Years old 10.Years old11.12Jl.

13Jl. 14.Rp. 15.16.17.18.19.20

8. The Guinness Sheet of Class Records

Who is he/she? 1. shoes

53

2. the cheapest pen the tallest man 3. the tallest woman 4. the shortest man 5. the shortest woman 6. the lightest man 7. the lightest woman 8. the oldest man 9. the oldest woman 10. the youngest man 11. the youngest woman Whose is/are 12. the farthest house from school 13. the nearest house to school 14. the most expensive Who has/is the 15. best smile 16. longest hair 17. shortest hair 18. funniest 19. most serious 20. most talkative

11. COMPLAINING
Attention
54

a) The position of enough Enough goes after adjectives and adverbs:

He didnt get the job because he wasnt experience enough. (not enough experience) You wont pass the exam if you dont work hard enough. She cant get married yet. Shes not old enough.

Enough goes before nouns: He didnt get the job because he didnt have enough experience. (not experienced enough) Id like to take a vacation, but I dont have enough money. Some of us had to sit on the floor because there werent enough chairs You can also use enough alone (without a noun): Ill lend you some money if you dont have enough. Its Theyre big small expensive long (adjective) pollution dirt There isnt is not enough water fresh air (UCN) arent are not enough me you him Then

too

for

There

s is

too much

are re

too many

people problems houses jobs (CN)

b) We do not usually say enough/too for doing something. We use the infinitive after enough and too. So we say enough money to do something, old enough to do something, too young to do something, etc.:

I dont have enough money to take a vacation. (not for taking) She spoke too quickly for us to understand. Shes not old enough to get married.(or Shes too young to get married)

1. Complete these sentences using enough with one of the following words:
big time old warm cups money qualification room

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1. She cant get married yet. Shes not old enough 2. Tom would like to buy a car, but he doesnt have_________________________
3. I couldnt make coffee for everybody. There werent ______________________ 4. Are you ______________________ ? Or shall I turn on the heat? 5. Its only a small car. There isnt ____________________ for all of you. 6. George didnt feel __________________ to go to work this morning. 7. I didnt finish the exam. I didnt have ___________________________________ 8. Do you think Ive got _________________________ to apply for the job? 9. Try this jacket on and see if its _______________________________ for you.

2. Answer these questions using the words in parentheses ()

Example: Is she getting married? (not old enough) No, she isnt old enough to get married 1. Why cant you talk tome now? (too busy) Im too ____________________________________________________now. 2. Lets go to the movies. (too late) No, its ____________________________________________________ movies. 3. Why dont we sit outside? (not warm enough) Its not_____________________________________________________ 4. Would you like to be a politician? (too nice) No, Im____________________________________________________ 5. Are you going away on vacation this year? (not enough money) No, I dont have____________________________________________ 6. Shall we take a picture? (too dark) No,________________________________________________________ 7. Did you hear what he was saying? (too far away) No, we_____________________________________________________ 8. Can she make herself understood (in English)? (not enough English) No, she doesnt speak _______________________________________ 9. Does Harry work? (too lazy) No, hes____________________________________________________

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3.Make one sentence (using too or enough) from the two sentences given
Example: we couldnt eat the food. It was too hot. The food was too hot (for us) to eat 1. I cant drink this coffee. Its too hot. This coffee is___________________________ 2. Nobody could move the piano. It was to heavy. The piano____________________ 3. I cant wear this coat in winter. Its not warm enough. This coat______________ 4. Dont stand on that chair. Its not strong enough. That chair_________________ 5. Six people cant fit in this car. Its not big enough for six people. This car______

4. Complete the following lyrics

Slank Too Sweet To Forget

I ________ my guitar and I _______ to play those old _________ songs from our yesterdays but only half way __________ the things I should have said those old memories came ________ into my head Chorus oh youre so _________ too sweet to forget memories of being _________ with you Its all in my dream youre just so sweet too _________ to forget you dont love me the __________ as I love you Its not to be I ___________ hmmm days are _________ by the wind begins to blow seasons changing and the __________ begin to grow but the words __________ my head would forever stay __________ wherever I may go __________ I may do

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repeat reff

and inside _________ dark lonely night memories of the two of us begin to take ________ youre just so sweet too sweet to forget but you dont _________ me like
I love you its not to be I _________

12. DESCRIBING CHANGES

Attention

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a) We use used to with the infinitive (used to do/ used to smoke etc.) to say that something regularly happened in the past but no longer happens: I used to play tennis a lot, but now Im too lazy. Do you go to the cinema very often? Not now, but I used to. Jack used to travel a lot. These days he doesnt go away very often. We also use used to for past situations (which no longer exist):

We used to live in a small village but now we lived in the city. This building is now a toy shop. It used to be a restaurant. Do you see that hill over there? There used to be a castle on that hill. Ive started drinking beer recently. I never used to like it before. Betty used to have long hair but she had it cut short last month. b) Used to + infinitive is always past. There is no present. You cannot say I use to to. For the present, use the present simple (I do). Compare the present and past: Past Present He used to smoke He smokes We used to live We live There used to be There is

c) The normal question form is did use to?: Did you use to eat a lot of sweets when you were a child? The negative form is didnt use to (or used not to) Jack didnt use to go out very often until he met Jill. d) 'Used to' or 'Use To' VS Would I was asked on Pal Talk recently how to use used to and would. If we say something used to happen we are talking about repeated events and actions in the past, usually things that happened a long time ago and are now finished. To express this we can use either used to or would.

When I was young I used to play with my dolls. = When I was young I would play with my dolls.

Of course I no longer play with dolls!

We used to go out a lot in the summer.

Implies that we no longer go out much. If you want to talk about repeated states or habits in the past, you must use used to, you cannot use would : :

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My dog used to bark at cats. I used to smoke. I used to be an administrative assistant. I used to live in England.

You should use 'use to' without a d in sentences when it follows 'did' or 'didn't' (don't worry too much about this because lots of people get it wrong). The question form is Did you use to?'. When asking a closed question you put did/didn't in front of the subject followed by use to, you cannot use would.

Did you use to go out with my sister? Did they use to own the company? Didn't we use to go to the same school?

Also when asking questions about states in the past you cannot use would.

What sort of things did you use to like when you were young?

. In the negative you cannot use would without a change in meaning.

I didn't use to play with my dolls.

If I said I wouldn't play with my dolls. It would mean I refused to play with my dolls.

We didn't use to go out much in the winter months.

If I said we wouldn't go out much. It would mean we refused to go out much. !Note - The general rule is when there is did or didn't in the sentence, we say use to (without d) when there is no did or didn't in the sentence, we say used to (with d). There is also a difference between "used to do something and to be used to something".

Used to Used to do

We use 'used to' for something that happened regularly in the past but no longer happens.

I used to smoke a packet a day but I stopped two years ago. Ben used to travel a lot in his job but now, since his promotion, he doesn't. I used to drive to work but now I take the bus.

We also use it for something that was true but no longer is.

There used to be a cinema in the town but now there isn't. She used to have really long hair but she's had it all cut off. I didn't use to like him but now I do.

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'Used to do' is different from 'to be used to doing' and 'to get used to doing', to be used to doing We use 'to be used to doing' to say that something is normal, not unusual.

I'm used to living on my own. I've done it for quite a long time. Hans has lived in England for over a year so he is used to driving on the left now. They've always lived in hot countries so they aren't used to the cold weather here.

We use 'to get used to doing' to talk about the process of something becoming normal for us.

I didn't understand the accent when I first moved here but I quickly got used to it. She has started working nights and is still getting used to sleeping during the day. I have always lived in the country but now I'm beginning to get used to living in the city.

1. Complete the sentences with used to

Example: Wally doesnt smoke anymore but he used to smoke 40 cigarettes a day. 1. The baby doesnt cry so much now but she _________________ every night. 2. She _____________ my best friend but we arent any longer. 3. We live in Nottingham now we _______________ in Leeds. 4. Now theres only one pub in the village but there _____________ three. 5. When I was a child I ___________ ice cream, but I dont like now. 6. Now Tom has got a car. He ____________ a motorcycle.

2. Write some sentences about a man who changed his lifestyle. Ron
stopped doing things and started doing other things:
He stopped Studying hard Going to be early Running three miles every morning He started Smoking Staying out late Spending a lot of money

Make sentences like these: Example: He used to study hard. He never used to smoke, or He didnt use to smoke.
1. ____________________________________________________________________

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2. ____________________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________________________ 4. ____________________________________________________________________

3. Write down ten things you used to do (and dont do it anymore)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. .

4. Now you have to ask questions. Mr. Samuel is an old man now. You are asking
someone what he used to do when he was younger. Example: I know he doesnt smoke now but did he used to smoke?

1. I know he doesnt play now but ______________________________________? 2. I know he isnt very rich now but _____________________________________? 3. I know he doesnt go out very often these days but _______________________? 4. I know he doesnt dance these days but _______________________________? 5. I know he doesnt like reading now but_________________________________?

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