LIGHTING PROTECTION FOR WIND TURBINES FINAL PRESENTATION

Mike Nager, Phoenix Contact

53rd ISA Power Industry Division Symposium 20th Annual Joint ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference 7-10 June, 2010, Summerlin, Nevada

Who are Industry Leaders in Wind?

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Lightning Locations in USA

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Wind Turbine Locations in USA

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Lightning Strikes meet Wind Turbines

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Lightning Strikes meet Wind Turbines

Source: GDV

Fire at a wind turbine near Paderborn /Germany. Total loss 1.5 million Euro 20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Lightning Strikes meet Wind Turbines

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Principle of Over-Voltage Suppression

A
S1

S2

S3

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

TT 0570 D 12.02.09

Surge Suppression Components

Suppressor Diode Metal Oxide Varistor

Gas Tube

Spark Gap

Speed

Energy

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

TT 1669 D 10.03.09

Standard Waveforms

i 1,0

10/350 s (IEC 62305-1)

0,5

8/20 s (IEC 60060-1)

0,0

8 0 10 20

100

200

300

350

t s

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

TT 0168 D
16.02.09

Lightning Protection Zones according to IEC 62305-1

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Lightning protection zones

LPZ 0A LPZ 0B LPZ 0A LPZ 1 or LPZ 0B LPZ 2

LPZ 0A

LPZ 2

LPZ 0A

LPZ 0A

LPZ 1 LPZ 0B LPZ 2 LPZ 0A

C.Wagener

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Positioning of air-termination systems

air-termination rod receptor plate

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Lightning current distribution paths

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Surge protection inside the nacelle

SPD for rotor blade shifting SPD for the obstruction lighting Gear box
M

SPD for the controller, powersupply 230V or 24V, bus interface

Generator

SPD for stator windings and rotor windings

SPD for 230/400V control power supply

SPD for signals: (Anemometer, communication to the hub)

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Zone protection requirements

Selection and installation in acc. to IEC 61400-24

HV/MV MOV arrester

CLASS I/II

CLASS II

CLASS II

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Class 1 arrester

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Challenges caused by rotating equipment

Lightning protection system e.g. coal brushes or spark gaps

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Down tower panels (LVDP, MCP)

Generator (rotor) Generator (stator) 400/230V Bus interface signalling power supply

1 0 L / I A 1 1 N 1 C 0 0 K 0 T L 0 0 / I A 1 1 N R C 0 0 K EO T M 0I 0 R BN O U R C TT T A E D A

S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 S 5 S 6 S 7 S 8
A B C

C P 3 1 2

S S 9 1 S 0 1 S 1 1 S 2 1 S 3 1 S 4 1 S 5 1 6 S Y S

QPE UO ITW NR

R E S E T R U N /R P O G

R F U A N I L ILN NT IEL N C O R O IdEB L8T C2 7I 0 OH r39R .o X N.T 2 7 6 9 B F D S A P Y P A I R F G L

R R 1 1 E E R R 0 0 F F L L E I / 2 I 6 SI 1 QA U 1 I/ 2 I 6S I 1 Q E U 1 I 2 I 6 I 1 Q2 U 1 5 9 1Q S 5 9 12 S 5 9 1E S U A 2 I I I I I EI I0 QU U U I I I I E I I0 Q Q U U I I I I I I0 Q Q U U I A 3 4 7 I 1 I2 3 Q L M 3 I 7 I 1 I2 3 Q L M 3 I 7 I 1 I2 3 Q L M A 4 8 1 4 8 1 N 4 8 1 4 N I4 I 1 1I 1 1 N 1 N 1 T T C C R U N P /O R G R U N P /O R G 0 0 0 0 L L K 0 K 0 T T L L ILN NT NL IEO C O R IIEO NT LN NL C O R 0 0 0 / 0 / I A A IdEIR I 1 L7T C2 30 T I.39B L7X C2 7T 0T OH ro9B .7X N9 .8 2 6 O6IR roH dE N9 .8 2 1 1 1 N R N R B C B C F F D K 0 D 0 0 0 E K EO T M S T 0O S A A M P P 0 Y 0I O U Y 0I P P R A RN A I I R R BN O U B R R C TT C TT F F G G T T L L A E A E D D A A

FU

1 0 L / I A 1 1 1 N C 0 K 0 T L 0 0 / I A 1 1 N R C 0 0 K EO T M 0I 0 R BN O U R C TT T A E D A

R E S E T R U N /R P O G

R F U A N I L ILN NT IEL N C O R O IdEIR L7T C9 7B 0 T OH r32 .o X N.8 2 6 9 B F D S A P Y P A I R F G L

I I I I I I QQ U M 12 56 91 1E S 0 2 I I I I I I QQ U U 34 78 11 34 L 2

I>

I>

I>
L N L K NX /1 L0 K7 A NX /1 C 0 L5 K0 A T NX /1 C 0 K3 A0 T /0 1 CX A1 T0 C 0 T L N L K X/ 1N L 6K 0A XN 1C 0/ K 4A 0T X 1/ 0C 2A 0T 0C T U U S S FL 1 2 SWITC

3L,N
I> I> I>

H SF 7 TX/FX LN Ord. X K/ 810 No.283 AC 2577 0 R T

T D D

0 40 V/ 90 V 6 0 23

V-

MODEM

3L,N

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Protection inside LVDP

MOV VALVETRAB Arc Gap FLASHTRAB

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Protection inside LVDP and MCP

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Switch cabinet for FAA lights

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference

Other Standards of Interest

IEC 61024 IEC 61312 IEC 61643 IEC 61662 NREL

(National Renewable Energy Laboratory)

Protection of Structures against Lightning Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems Assessment of the risk of damage due to lightning Wind Turbine Lightning Protection Project 1999-2001 Requirements for Surge Protection Devices Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems

UL 1449 Third Ed. NFPA 780

(National Fire Protection Association)

20th ISA POWID/EPRI Controls & Instrumentation Conference