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1.- TENSES OF

PRESENT

1.1 PRESENTE simple (Simple Present)

Se forma en ingls con el infinitivo del verbo sin 'to' (forma bsica) para todas las personas, a excepcin de la tercera persona singular que aade una -s final: I play You play He plays We play You play They play Yo juego T juegas l juega Nosotros jugamos Ustedes juegan Ellos juegan

Cuando el verbo termina en -s, -ss, -sh, -o, -ch, -x se aade a la tercera persona singular la terminacin '-es'. Cuando termina en 'y' precedida de consonante cambia la 'y' por 'ies' I kiss / Yo beso I try / Yo intento She kisses / Ella besa He tries / l intenta

FORMAS NEGATIVA, INTERROGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA-NEGATIVA A diferencia del espaol, para su construccin se recurre al verbo 'to do' que realiza una funcin auxiliar. En la tercera persona la forma 'do' cambia a 'does en terceras personas'. NEGATIVA: sujeto + auxiliar + not + forma bsica I do not play You do not play He does not play We do not play You do not play They do not play Yo no juego T no juegas l no juega Nosotros no jugamos Ustedes no juegan Ellos no juegan

INTERROGATIVA: auxiliar + sujeto + forma bsica

Do I play? Do you play? Does he play? Do we play? Do you play? Do they play? Don't you play? / No juegas? Doesn't he play? / No juega? USOS DEL PRESENTE SIMPLE

Juego yo? Juegas t? Juega l? Jugamos nosotros? Juegan ustedes? Juegan ellos?

INTERROGATIVO-NEGATIVA: auxiliar + sujeto + not + forma bsica

a.) Para indicar acciones o estados habituales He smokes / l fuma Es un fumador. No se trata de que est fumando un cigarrillo en este momento, sino que lo que se indica es que es una persona que habitualmente fuma. I get up at nine o'clock / Me levanto a las nueve en punto No estoy diciendo que me estoy levantando y que son las nueve, sino que habitualmente suelo levantarme a dicha hora. b.) Dado que se emplea para indicar acciones o estados habituales, suele acompaarse de los adverbios de tiempo (usually, sometimes, never, etc.). I often get angry with Rachel / A menudo me enfado con Raquel c.) Puede indicar una accin indeterminada en el tiempo: I speak English / Hablo Ingls He doesn't drink coffee / No bebe caf

1.2 EL PRESENTE CONTINUO (PRESENT CONTINUOUS)

El presente continuo o progresivo se forma con el presente del auxiliar 'to be' y el gerundio del verbo que se quiere conjugar: I am playing Yo estoy jugando You are playing T ests jugando He is playing l est jugando We are playing Nosotros estamos You are playing jugando They are Ustedes estn jugando playing Ellos estn jugando I am reading a book / Estoy leyendo un libro Helen is phoning a friend / Helen est telefoneando a un amigo a.) La forma negativa aade la partcula 'not' al auxiliar: I am not playing You are not playing He is not playing We are not playing Yo no estoy jugando T no ests jugando l no est jugando Nosotros no estamos jugando Vosotros no estis jugando

You are not playing They are not playing

Ellos no estn jugando

I am not reading a book / No estoy leyendo un libro Helen is not phoning a friend / Helen no est telefoneando a un amigo b.) La forma interrogativa invierte el sujeto y el auxiliar: Am I playing? Are you playing? Is he playing? Are we playing? Are you playing? Are they playing? Estoy yo jugando? Ests t jugando? Est l jugando? Estamos nosotros jugando? Estn ustedes jugando? Estn ellos jugando?

Am I reading a book? / Estoy yo leyendo un libro? Is Helen phoning a friend? / Est Helen telefoneando a un amigo? c.) En la forma interrogativa-negativa se coloca la partcula not despus del sujeto: Aren't you reading a book? / No ests leyendo un libro? Isn't Helen phoning a friend? / No est Helen telefoneando a un amigo? USO DEL PRESENTE PROGRESIVO a.) Indica una accin que se est desarrollando en ese momento. He is smoking / l est fumando Est fumando en este momento. Puede ser un fumador habitual o puede que fume en muy raras ocasiones. (*) Oberva la diferencia con el ejemplo anterior del Presente Simple 'He smokes' I am having breakfast now and it's nine o'clock / Estoy desayunando ahora y son las nueve en punto. Estoy desayunndo y en este momento son las nueve en punto. Es posible que todos los das desayune a las nueve pero podra ser tambin que habitualmente desayune a otra hora distinta. El hecho es que hoy desayuno a las nueve en punto. b.) Tambin puede indicar una accin planificada que se desarrollar en un futuro. I am going to Barcelona tomorrow / Voy a Barcelona maana c.) Puede indicar una accin habitual que se repite frecuentemente. En este caso, suele acompaarse de adverbios de frecuencia ('often', 'usually', etc.) She is always shouting / Ella siempre est gritando PRESENTE ENFTICO : Esta forma se usa cuando se quiere enfatizar o recalcar a una afirmacin. La forma enftica se obtiene mediante el auxiliar 'do'. Su construccin es: sujeto + auxiliar + forma bsica I do study / Yo estudio! (realmente estudio, de verdad que estudio)

1.3 Present Perfect (Pretrito Perfecto)

El "present perfect" es un tiempo que sirve para describir acciones que acaban de suceder en el pasado y que guardan alguna relacin con el presente. Equivale en castellano al pretrito perfecto:

I have bought a car.

Yo he comprado un coche: nos indica que la accin de comprar el coche acaba de realizarse.

Si por el contrario utilizramos el "past simple" esta conexin con el presente se pierde: I bought a car. Yo compr un coche: no implica que la accin haya sido reciente, ni que an siga teniendo ese coche.

En las oraciones con "present perfect" no se suele mencionar el momento en el que se ha desarrollado la accin: I have read a book. Yo he ledo un libro: la accin acaba de finalizar.

Ya que si se mencionara el momento de su realizacin, entonces habra que utilizar el "past simple": I read a book this morning. Yo le un libro esta maana

No obstante, a veces s se puede mencionar el periodo de tiempo en el que la accin se ha desarrollado, pero nicamente si este periodo de tiempo an no ha finalizado: This morning I have drunk three coffees. Esta maana me he tomado 3 cafs: utilizo en este caso el "present perfect" si el periodo de la maana an no ha terminado.

Ya que si este periodo hubiera finalizado habra que utilizar entonces el "past simple": This morning I drank three coffees. Esta maana me tom tres cafs: nos indica que la maana ya finaliz.

Otro uso tpico del "present perfect" es para describir acciones que empezaron en el pasado y que an no han finalizado: I have lived in this city since 1980. He vivido en esta ciudad desde 1980: implica que sigo viviendo en la ciudad. He jugado al tenis desde mi

I have played tennis since my childhood.

infancia: y sigo jugando Si la accin hubiera ya finalizado entonces habra que utilizar el "past simple": I lived in this city for 10 years. I played tennis for many years. Yo viv en esta ciudad 10 aos: pero ya no vivo ah. Yo jugu al tenis muchos aos: pero ya no juego.

El "present perfect" se forma con el auxiliar "to have" en presente del indicativo (simple present), ms el participio (past participle) del verbo principal: I have listened to the news. She has watched TV. Yo he escuchado las noticias Ella ha visto la tele

La forma negativa se forma con la partcula de negacin "not" entre el auxiliar y el verbo principal, y la forma interrogativa se construye con el auxiliar al comienzo de la oracin, seguido del sujeto y del verbo principal: I have not done my homework. Have you been in Seville? Yo no he hecho mis deberes. Has estado en Sevilla?

Oraciones afirmativas: Sujeto + HAVE (en presente) + Participio pasado

I have walked - he andado You have walked has andado He / She / it has walked ha andado We have walked hemos andado You have walked habis andado They have walked han andado

Tambin podemos formar las frases con contracciones: Ive walked - he andado Youve walked has andado Hes / Shes / its walked ha andado Weve walked hemos andado Youve walked habis andado Theyve walked han andado Oraciones negativas: I have not walked No he andado You have not walked No has andado

He / She / It has not walked No ha andado We have not walked No hemos andado You have not walked No habis andado They have not walked No han andado Tambin podemos formar las frases con contracciones: I haven't walked No he andado You havent walked No has andado He / She / It hasnt walked No ha andado We havent walked No hemos andado You havent walked No habis andado They havent walked No han andado Preguntas: Las preguntas s/no tienen la forma: HAVE (presente) + Sujeto + Participio pasado + ?

Have you visited the museum? Has visitado el museo? Have they seen the film? Han visto la pelcula

1.4 PRESENTE PERFECTO CONTINUO (Present perfect continuous)

Se forma con el sujeto + have/has + been + gerundio Ejemplo: I have been studying Se usa: 1. Para hablar de una accin que ha acabado hace poco que acaba de terminar. Ejemplo: You look tired. Yes I have been running. 2. Tambin se usa para decir cuanto tiempo ha durado una actividad. 3. Se usa con preguntas con how long y since y for. Ejemplos: How long have you been living here? Cuanto tiempo llevas viviendo aqu? I have been living here since 2006. Vivo aqu desde 2006.

I have been living in this flat for 2 years. Llevo 2 aos viviendo en este piso. Cual es la diferencia entre el present perfect y el present perfect continuo? 1. Cuando usas el present perfecto continuo el nfasis esta en la duracin de la actividad. Ejemplo: It has been raining for 2 hours. Lleva dos horas lloviendo. 2. Tambin se usa para estas mas interesada en una accin que no esta terminada todava. Ejemplo: I have been doing my homework. He estado haciendo mis deberes. 3. Se usa el present perfect simple para decir que algo esta acabado. Ejemplos: I have written a letter. He escrito una carta. (la carta esta terminada) I have been writing a letter. He estado escribiendo una carta. (la carta no esta terminada) 4. Se usa el present perfect continuo para decir cuanto tiempo ha durado la actividad. Ejemplo: I have been writing this letter for an hour. Llevo una hora escribiendo esta carta. 5. Se usa el present perfect simple para decir cuantas cosas hemos hecho o cuantas veces hemos hecho algo. Ejemplo: I have read 3 chapters of this book. He ledo 3 captulos de este libro. I have been to the beach everyday this week. Esta semana he ido a la playa todos los dias.

6. A veces no hay gran diferencia entre las dos. Ejemplo: I have been living here since 2006. I have lived here since 2006. Las dos frases se pueden traducir como - Vivo aqui desde 2006.

EJERCICIOS 1 1.1
Put the correct forms of the verbs into the gaps. Use the Simple Present in the statements. Example: I _____ in the lake. (to swim)

Answer: I swim in the lake.

1) We 2) Emma dream) 3) They 4) John come) 5) I 6) He

our dog. (to call) in the lessons. (to

at birds. (to look) home from school. (to

my friends. (to meet) the laptop. (to repair) hello. (to say)

7) Walter and Frank 8) The cat 9) You 10) She

under the tree. (to sit) water. (to drink) the lunchbox. (to forget)

1.2 - Escrbe el tiempo verbal correcto en las siguientes frases: 1. John 2. I to Mary now (talk) television every night. (watch) to bed at nine o'clock. (go)

3. The children usually 4. 5. They 6. I 7. I

a book at the moment?. (Richard read) to the theatre very often. (not go) at the moment. (not study) English, although I at the moment. (not speak) / (study)

8. I 9. I (have) 10. She 1.3

in Valencia, though I

in Madrid at the moment. (live) / (stay) my own apartment. (stay) /

in a hotel at the moment, although I

from Chile, though she

in New York just now. (come) / (live)

Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use the Present Progressive/Present Continuous. Watch the punctuation and form sentences or questions. Example: ____ she ______ a magazine? (to read) Answer: Is she reading a magazine?

1) The teacher 2) 3) They 4) look) 5) We 6) 7) She 8) run) you

the door. (not/to close) the washing-up? (to do) the printers. (to check)

your grandmother

at birds? (to

the checkpoint. (not/to pass) they to help? (to try)

to the centre of the town. (not/to walk) the policemen into the bank? (to

9) Look! Steve's mother make) 10) You

a cup of coffee. (to

the words correctly. (not/to link)

1.4
Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use the Present Perfect. Watch the punctuation and form sentences or questions. Example: ____ you ______ the car yet? (to clean) Answer: Have you cleaned the car yet?

1) Emma 2) How often 3) 4) John 5) 6) Andy 7) What 8) I 9)

this film on TV. (not/to see) she the Millers the office? (to phone) yet? (to arrive)

on a trip through Alaska. (not/to go) they ever to New York? (to be)

his sister's bike. (not/to repair) you in the kitchen? (to drop)

a new laptop. (to buy) Toby his blue pen? (to find) their homework. (not/to forget)

10) The students

1.5 PRACTICE.- PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS 1.I .the house. (tidy) 2.He is dirty because he .. the car. (repair) 3.Imy keys. (lost)

4.I dinner. (cook) ahora la cena esta lista 5.I ..for 3 hours. (wai

2.- TENSES OF

PAST

El pretrito (pasado) se utiliza para referir acciones o situaciones del pasado.

2.1 EL PASADO SIMPLE (Simple Past)

El pasado simple funciona de manera similar al Presente simple, salvo que empleamos el auxiliar 'did' para todas las personas (incluida la tercera persona singular 'he/she/it'). En la forma afirmativa, el auxiliar 'did' no aparece, empleando en su lugar la terminacin 'ed'. Esta es la forma de pasado para todos los 'Verbos Regulares' Existe un amplio conjunto de verbos que no cumplen esta condicin, es decir, para la forma afirmativa no emplean la terminacin 'ed' sino que su forma es irregular. No siguen ninguna regla, por lo que la nica manera de conocer su forma de pasado es aprenderla. Se denominan 'Verbos Irregulares'. AFIRMATIVA I played You played He played We played You played They played NEGATIVA Yo jugu I did not play T jugaste You did not play l jug He did not play Nosotros jugamos We did not play Vosotros jugasteis You did not play Ellos jugaron They did not play Yo no jugu T no jugaste l no jug Nosotros no jugamos Vosotros no jugasteis Ellos no jugaron

INTERROGATIVA Did I play? Did you play? Did he play? Did we play? Did you play? Did they play? USO DEL PASADO SIMPLE

INT.-NEGATIVA Jugu? Didn't I play? No jugu? Jugaste? Didn't you play? No jugaste? Jug? Didn't he play? No jug? Jugamos? Didn't we play? No jugamos? Jugasteis? Didn't you play? No jugasteis? Jugaron? Didn't they play? No jugaron?

a.) Para acciones pasadas. Indican el perodo de tiempo durante el que se desarroll y complet una accin ya finalizada. Es habitual que vaya acompaado de un adverbio de tiempo. I bought this car last year / Compr este coche el ao pasado b.) Para expresar una accin indeterminada en el pasado: They used pencils and paper / Utilizaron lpices y papel c.) Para expresar una accin habitual en el pasado They never drank alcohol / Nunca beban alcohol d.) Puede servir para expresar una condicin improbable. If I saw her, I should speak to her / Si le viera le hablara

2.2 EL PASADO PROGRESIVO (Past Continuous)

Su estructura se forma con el pretrito del verbo auxiliar to be + el gerundio del verbo que se quiere conjugar. I was playing / Estuve jugando Para la forma negativa se aade la 'not' al auxiliar I was not playing / No estuve jugando En la forma interrogativa se invierte el orden del sujeto y el auxiliar: Was I playing? / Estuve jugando? USO DEL PASADO PROGRESIVO a.) Para expresar una accin que se estaba desarrollando en el pasado pero cuyo fin no conocemos o carece de importancia: It was raining / Estaba lloviendo b.) Para expresar dos acciones que se desarrollan simultneamente I was reading the newspaper while I was walking home / Estaba leyendo el peridico mientras volva a casa caminando c.) Para expresar dos acciones que se desarrollan en el pasado, una de las cuales tuvo su comienzo antes que la otra: When I arrived John was talking on the phone / Cuando llegu John estaba hablando por telfono.

2.3 EL PRETRITO PERFECTO (Present Perfect)

El pretrito perfecto, se forma con el presente del verbo 'to have' a modo de auxiliar y el participio pasivo del verbo que se conjuga segn la siguiente construccin: to have + participio del verbo a conjugar I have played You have played He has played We have played You have played They have played Have you played? / Has jugado? En la forma negativa se coloca 'not' despus del auxiliar: He has not played / l no ha jugado La forma interrogativa-negativa tiene la construccin auxiliar + not + sujeto Haven't you played? / No has jugado? USO DEL PRETRITO PERFECTO (Present Perfect) El present perfect simple conecta / une el pasado y el presente de una manera parecida al pretrito perfecto en espaol. Si decimos que algo ha ocurrido ('has happened'), pensamos del pasado y del presente a la vez como si hiciesemos un puente del pasado al presente. Yo he jugado T has jugado l ha jugado Nosotros hemos jugado Vosotros habis jugado Ellos han jugado

La forma interrogativa, se obtiene anteponiendo el auxiliar al sujeto.

Ejemplo: - I cant do my homework because Ive lost my book. - No puedo hacer mis deberes porque he perdido mi libro. As que muchas veces podemos cambiar una frase del present perfect simple al present simple y queda con un significado parecido. Ive lost my book I dont have it now Do you know it .

Have you seen the new Leonardo Di Caprio film Your sister has left the door open Hasnt Danny got married yet? Ive finally found a job

The door is open now Is he still single?

I have a job now

Usamos el present perfect simple para acciones en el pasado que tienen un significado o relevancia en la actualidad. Ive passed my driving test! / He aprobado el exmen de conducir Have you seen the gorgeous new secretary? / Has visto a la atractiva nueva secretaria? A terrorist has bombed a bus (accin en el pasado que tiene un significado ahora) Adolf Hitler bombed London (no tiene relevancia ahora)

2.4 EL PRETRITO PERFECTO PROGRESIVO (Present Perfect Continuous)

Tiene la siguiente construccin: sujeto + pretrito perfecto de 'to be' + gerundio I have been playing / He estado jugando He has been playing / l ha estado jugando En la forma negativa se coloca 'not' despus del auxiliar: I have not been playing / No he estado jugando La forma interrogativa, se construye invirtiendo la posicin del sujeto y el auxiliar: Have I been playing? / He estado jugando? La forma interrogativa-negativa sigue la misma construccin que en el pretrito perfecto Haven't I been playing? / No he estado jugando? USO DEL PRETRITO PERFECTO PROGRESIVO Se usa cuando se quiere expresar el sentido de la continuidad de una accin que ha comenzado en el pasado, que dura todava en el presente y que incluso puede continuar en el futuro.

I have been studying English for two years / Estudio ingls desde hace dos aos (y contino estudindolo en la actualidad) TIME EXPRESSIONS (Las expresiones de tiempo) El present perfect es usado frecuentemente con las siguientes expresiones de tiempo: Ever and never Have you ever been to Scotland? / Has estado alguna vez en Escocia? Ive never eaten paella. / Nunca he comido paella. Just Ive just made tea, would you like a cup? / Acabo de hacer t. Quieres una taza? Ana and Jess have just had a baby / Ana y Jess acaban de tener un nio. Recently and lately Ive recently passed the F.C.E. exam and Im studying for the C.A.E. Acabo de aprobar el exmen de FCE y estoy estudiando para el CAE. Have you seen John lately? / Has visto a John ultimamente? So far Ive had three beers so far this evening and its only eight oclock! He tomado hasta ahora tres cervezas esta tarde y slo son las ocho. Yet and already 'yet' - normalmente se utiliza en frases interrogativas y va al final de la oracin . Se usa cuando esperamos que algo va a pasar en el futuro, no en el pasado ni en el presente. Have you done your homework yet? / Has terminado ya los deberes? I dont think Manoli has done the shopping yet. / Creo que Manoli todava no ha hecho la compra. 'already' - se usa en frases afirmativas e interrogativas y normalmente va detrs de los verbos auxiliares o modales y delante de los dems verbos. Con 'already' decimos que algo est en el presente o el pasado, no en el futuro. Yes, Ive already finished my homework / S, ya he terminado mis deberes En Ingls britnico yet y already acompaa habitualmente a los tiempos perfectos. En Ingls Americano prefieren usar los tiempos pasados. Compara: Have you phoned your mother yet? (UK) Ive already phoned her (UK) Did you phone your mother yet? (USA)

I already phoned her (USA)

Since and for 'For' - (how long something has lasted) Se usa para decir cunto tiempo ha durado una accin. En espaol suele decirse desde hace. Weve had this computer for about six months. / Tenemos esta computadora desde hace unos seis meses.

'Since' - (when something started) Se usa como una referencia a un punto de tiempo cuando algo empez. En espaol suele decirse desde o desde que. Weve had this car since January / Tenemos este coche desde enero. Comparar: Ive known Eric since 1989. Ive known Eric for 15 years (si estamos en 2004)

EJERCICIOS 2
1 - Cambia el tiempo verbal a 'past simple' en las siguientes frases, siguiendo el
ejemplo: 1. We love England 2. They don't like the film 3. They work on a farm 4. Do you work in this factory? 5. Where do you live? 6. I don't like Tokyo 7. Does he play the guitar? 8. I don't study French 9. They hate waiting 10. Does your son study here? We loved England

2 - Completa las frases escribiendo el tiempo de pasado que proceda.

1. He 2. We his motorbike when he suddenly felt ill. (ride) the television when it suddenly stopped working. (watch) him inside. (put)

3. When the ambulance came they 4. I

to the radio when the phone rang. (listen)

5. When I arrived, they

hello but continued studying. (say)

3 - Cambia las siguientes frases del present perfect a frases con un significado parecido en
el present simple poniendo el verbo entre parntesis. Sigue el ejemplo.
Luis has a new com puter.

Luis has bought a new computer (have)

1. Ive written the report. (finish) 2. Angeles has lost her keys. (not find) 3. Have you seen Ruben? (be) 4. Ive bought a new camera. (have) 5. The secretary has gone to lunch. (not be) 6. We havent cleaned the flat. (be) 7. Im sorry, Ive forgotten your name. (not remember) 8. Figo has broken his leg. (be) 9. Carolyns had a baby. (have) 10. The Pope has died. (be)

4 - Pon since o for en los espacios en blanco.

1. Ive lived in Valencia _____five years. 2. Angeles and I have known each other ____ 1998. 3. I havent eaten anything ____ breakfast. 4. My parents have been married _____ more than fifty years. 5. Israel has been an independent country _____ 1948. 6. Ive been really busy. I havent been out _____ about two weeks. 7. We havent seen Luis and Manoli _____ last Tuesday. 8. Graham has had his Porsche ______ nearly a year. 9. Danny has been in Michigan_______ two years. 10. I havent had a good steak ______ ages.

5 - Ahora escrbe frases con since y for siguiendo el ejemplo

Craig and Angeles live together. They started living together five years ago. Craig and Angeles have been living together / have lived together for five years. 1. Graham has a Porsche. He bought it two years ago. 2. Deek is studying German. He started in 1999. 3. Luis and Craig started working on La Mansin del Ingls in 2001. 4. Cathy is in Cuba. She went there three weeks ago. 5. Tom plays the saxophone. He began last March. 6. Craig teaches English. He started in 1991.

3.- TENSES OF

FUTURE

3.1 FUTURO SIMPLE (SIMPLE FUTURE)

Como tal, no existe un tiempo especfico de futuro en ingls, pero existen distintos verbos y expresiones para referirnos a l. Una forma habitual de futuro en ingls tiene la siguiente estructura: Sujeto + will + verbo I will play / Yo jugar Como vemos, sta forma de futuro en ingls es bastante simple. De hecho, suele denominarse FUTURO SIMPLE (Future Simple) Podemos encontrarnos con otra forma auxiliar, vlida tambin para expresar el futuro, que es 'shall'. En este caso, 'shall' sirve como auxiliar para la primera persona del singular y plural emplendose 'will' para todas las dems. Tanto 'shall' como 'will' pueden contraerse en sus formas afirmativa y negativa (You will You'll). 'Shall' es menos utilizado, especialmente en Estados Unidos. En ingls moderno se tiende a usar 'will' para todas las personas. AFIRMATIVA
I (shall / will) play You will play He will play We (shall / will) play You will play They will play Yo jugar T jugars l jugar Nosotros jugaremos Vosotros jugareis Ellos jugarn

NEGATIVA
I (shall / will) not play You will not play He will not play We (shall / will) not play You will not play They will not play Yo no jugar T no jugars l no jugar Nosotros no jugaremos Vosotros no jugaris Ellos no jugarn

En la forma interrogativa se invirte el orden de sujeto y auxiliar: Will you play? / Jugars?

La forma estructura de la forma interrogativa-negativa es: auxiliar + sujeto + not Will you not play? / No jugars?

3.2 FUTURO IDIOMATICO (IDIOMATIC FUTURE)

Going to future expresses a conclusion regarding the immediate future or an action in the near future that has already been planned or prepared.

Form of going to Future

positive
I I am going to speak.

negative
I am not going to speak.

question
Am I going to speak?

you / we / they You are going to speak. You are not going to speak. Are you going to speak?

he / she / it

He is going to speak.

He is not going to speak.

Is he going to speak?

Use of going to Future

an action in the near future that has already been planned or prepared example: I am going to study harder next year. a conclusion regarding the immediate future example: The sky is absolutely dark. It is going to rain.

Signal Words
in one year, next week, tomorrow

3.3 EL FUTURO PROGRESIVO (PROGRESSIVE FUTURE)

Esta forma del futuro es usada en ingls con mayor frecuencia que en espaol. Su estructura es la siguiente: sujeto+ futuro de 'to be' + gerundio del verbo a conjugar

You will be flying to Paris tomorrow at this hour / Maana a esta hora estars volando hacia Paris Las formas negativa, interrogativa e interrogativa-negativa se construyen de forma anloga a la explicada para el futuro simple. FORMA NEGATIVA I shall / will not be playing no estar jugando FORMA INTERROGATIVA FORMA INT. NEGATIVA shall / will I be playing? shall / will I not be playing? estar jugando? no estar jugando?

USO DEL FUTURO PROGRESIVO Sirve para indicar una accin que se desarrollar en el futuro. Pueden ser acciones o situaciones que no conocemos cundo exactamente se producirn aunque tambin puede expresar acciones ya planificadas y que se producirn en un determinado momento. They will be leaving tomorrow / Ellos saldrn maana

3.4 EL FUTURO PERFECTO (PERFECT FUTURE)

Sirve para indicar la duracin de una accin. Expresa una accin que terminar en un determinado momento del futuro. Suele ir acompaado de la preposicin 'by'. They will have written the novel by next month / Ellos habrn escrito la novela el prximo mes. Su estructura es la siguiente: sujeto + futuro de 'to have' + participio FORMA AFIRMATIVA FORMA NEGATIVA FORMA INTERROGATIVA I shall have played I shall not have played Shall I have played? Yo habr jugado Yo no habr jugado Habr jugado? INTERROGATIVO-NEGATIVA: Shall I not have played? / No habr jugado?

3.5 EL FUTURO PERFECTO PROGRESIVO (PERFECT PROGRESSIVE FUTURE)

Sirve para expresar acciones que se desarrollan hasta un momento determinado del futuro en el que pueden finalizar o no. Next year I shall have been studying ten years / El ao prximo llevar diez aos estudiando. Su estructura es la siguiente: sujeto + futuro de 'to have' + participio de 'to be' + gerundio FORMA AFIRMATIVA I shall have been playing Yo habr estado jugando FORMA INTERROGATIVA Shall I have been playing? Habr estado jugando? OTRAS FORMAS DE EXPRESAR EL FUTURO FORMA NEGATIVA I shall not have been playing Yo no habr estado jugado INTERROG-NEGATIVA Shall I not have been playing? No habr estado jugando?

- El Presente como futuro. En ingls, al igual que en espaol, podemos emplear tiempos del presente para hablar del futuro. El Presente Simple puede ser usado para hablar de acciones conocidas de antemano o planificadas (que no dependen de nuestra voluntad). Our holidays begin in August / Nuestras vacaciones comienzan en agosto Your flight leaves at 17:15 on Monday / Su vuelo sale a las 17:15 el lunes El Presente progresivo o Presente continuo como futuro. Cuando hablamos de planes, proyectos, citas, etc. utilizamos el Presente continuo. We're playing football this afternoon / Vamos a jugar al ftbol esta tarde - El futuro con 'going to' Es una forma muy habitual para referirse a una accin relativa a una intencin o una decisin que se haba tomado con anterioridad. Al igual que el Presente Progresivo se puede utilizar para expresar planes, citas, etc. Are you going to take the car tonight? / Vas a coger el coche esta noche? - Con 'to be' + infinitivo, para indicar lo que est programado para el futuro The president is to meet the congressmen tomorrow / El presidente se reunir con los congresistas maana - Con 'to have to' (tener que) I have to go to the dentist / Tengo que ir al dentist

EJERCICIOS 3
3.1 A)- Pon los verbos en 'future simple' o 'present simple' segn proceda: 1. After I 2. As soon as she 3. I 4. I 5. I you before I Helen when we this report when I the old people's home, I me I you how grandma is. (visit) / (tell)

you know. (phone) / (let) to London. (see) / (fly) to Paris. (phone) / (get) at home. (finish) / (be)

B)- Completa las frases escribiendo el tiempo verbal en 'future simple' o 'future continuous' 1. At eight o'clock on Monday evening we 2. He 3. I 4. What 5. Next month they 3.2 Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use the going to-future. Watch the punctuation and form sentences or questions. Example: ___ they __________ a football for Peter? (to buy) Answer: Are they going to buy a football for Peter? our university next month. I to lend you the bike tomorrow. I early on Saturday night?. (you do) in England. (live) over San Francisco. (fly) him then. (visit) / (ask) it all day. (not be able) / (use)

1) She 2) 3) John 4) 5) What 6) I 7) 8) They 9) When 10) Angela she you

to the stadium. (not/to walk) to London? (to fly) anything. (not/to eat) at a campsite? (to stay) you tomorrow? (to do)

Dennis tonight. (not/to see) Alexander the next bus? (to take)

football in the gym. (not/to play) you me the book back? (to give)

a week in Poland. (to spend)

3.3 Put in the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Use the will-future. Watch the punctuation and form sentences or questions. Example: ___ they ____ the match? (to win) Answer: Will they win the match?

1) They 2) 3) When 4) His parents 5) 6) It 7) raise) 8) This van 9) The meeting 10) When send) they you

back by 6:30 pm. (to be) me? (to help) I you again? (to see) him for being late. (not/to punish) the contract tonight? (to sign)

us three hours to get there. (to take) this concert money for our school club? (to

with 8 people in it. (not/to break down) before tomorrow morning. (not/to close) she me a copy of her essay? (to

WOULD

Would es el pasado de will en algunos casos y es un verbo modal auxiliar. Se forma sin do y despus de would ponemos el infinitivo sin to. I'd like some more whisky. / Quisiera un poco ms de whisky Would you like to go out with me on Saturday night? / Te gustara salir conmigo el sbado por la noche? I wish you wouldnt smoke. / Preferira que no fumaras - Would puede ser el pasado de will en el estilo indirecto. Se usa para hablar sobre el futuro en el pasado, cuando hablamos sobre un accin en el pasado que todava no ha ocurrido en el tiempo del que estamos hablando. When I saw her on the bus. I didn't know that I would fall in love with her. Cuando la vi en el autobs, no saba que me enamorara de ella I had no idea that they would offer me the job. No tena ni idea de que me ofreceran el trabajo - Would se usa como will para pedir cosas, y ofrecer. Would you sign here, please? / Querra usted firmar aqu? Would you like some chocolate cake? / Le apetece un poco de pastel de chocolate? I`d like to see you again /Me gustara volver a verte Would you mind waiting in my office? / Le importa esperar en mi oficina? - Tambin would puede indicar los habitos en el pasado y una firme voluntad en el pasado de hacer algo. He would play football, rugby and tennis, but he hated playing golf. Jugaba futbol, rugby y tenis, pero odiaba jugar golf. My grandmother would sit in her room all day in a bad mood, and would only cheer up when she went to the casino. Mi abuela sola sentarse en su habitacin todo el da de mal humor, y solo levantaba el animo cuando se iba al casino. - Pero no se puede usar el would cuando la accin ocurre en una sola ocasin en el pasado. Comparar : Bono sang at the concert last Sunday. / Bono cant en el concierto el domingo pasado (Y no Bono would sing at the concert last Sunday ) - Sin embargo, would not se puede usar para indicar la negacin de una ocasin. I invited her to my flat, but she wouldnt come. / Le invit a mi piso, pero ella no quiso venir The bloody T.V. wouldn`t work last night. / No funcionaba el maldito televisor ayer por la noche - Para criticar el comportamiento de la gente, se puede usar would. En est caso se da ms nfasis (stress) en el would. You were a good boy, but you WOULD leave your clothes all over the bedroom floor Eras un buen chico, pero siempre dejabas tu ropa en el suelo That`s typical of you, you WOULD go to the pub without leaving me a note!. Eso es tpico de t, te fuiste al pub sin dejarme una nota! - Would, como used to, puede hablar de acciones repetidas y cosas en el pasado, pero no para referirse a estados como vivir, estar etc. I used to play football in the park every Sunday. / Sola jugar futbol en el parque todos los domingos I would play football in the park every Sunday. / Sola jugar futbol en el parque todos los domingos) I used to live in London. / Sola vivir en Londres Pero no: I would live in London - Would (y tambin should), como un verbo auxiliar, se usa con verbos que refieren a situaciones no reales o no ciertas. Se puede comparar con el subjuntivo en espaol. Aparecen mucho con las frases con if.

If I were a rich man, I'd build a big, tall house. / Si fuera rico, construira una casa grande y alta If I had a hammer, I'd hammer in the morning. / Si tuviera un martillo, martilleara por la maana If I ruled the world, every day would/should be the first day of spring. Si gobernara el mundo, todos los das sera el primer da de la primavera If I had known you were married, I wouldnt have asked you to dinner. Si hubiera sabido que estabas casada, no te habra invitado a cenar

SOLUCIONES 1
1.1
1) We call our dog. 2) Emma dreams in the lessons. 3) They look at birds. 4) John comes home from school. 5) I meet my friends. 6) He repairs the laptop. 7) Walter and Frank say hello. 8) The cat sits under the tree. 9) You drink water. 10) She forgets the lunchbox.

1.2

1. John is talking to Mary now.

2. I watch television every night. 3. The children usually go to bed at nine o'clock. 4. Is Richard reading a book at the moment? 5. They don't go to the theatre very often. 6. I'm not studying at the moment.
2. 7. I don't speak English, although I'm studying it at the moment.

8. I live in Valencia, though I'm staying in Madrid at the moment. 9. I'm staying in a hotel at the moment, although I have my own apartment. 10. She comes from Chile, though she is living in New York just now.

1.3
1) The teacher is not closing the door. 2) Are you doing the washing-up? 3) They are checking the printers. 4) Is your grandmother looking at birds? 5) We are not passing the checkpoint. 6) Are they trying to help? 7) She is not walking to the centre of the town. 8) Are the policemen running into the bank? 9) Look! Steve's mother is making a cup of coffee. 10) You are not linking the words correctly.

1.4
1) Emma has not seen this film on TV. 2) How often has she phoned the office? 3) Have the Millers arrived yet? 4) John has not gone on a trip through Alaska. 5) Have they ever been to New York? 6) Andy has not repaired his sister's bike. 7) What have you dropped in the kitchen? 8) I have bought a new laptop. 9) Has Toby found his blue pen? 10) The students have not forgotten their homework.

1.5 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOS

1. I have been tidying the house. 2. He is dirty because he has been repairing the car. 3. I have lost my keys. 4. I have cooked dinner. 5. I have been waiting for 3 hours. (wait)

SOLUCIONES EJERCICIO 2
1 2. They didn't like the film. 3. They worked on a farm. 4. Did you work in this factory? 5. Where did you live? 6. I didn't like Tokyo 7. Did he play the guitar? 8. I didn't study French 9. They hated waiting 10. Did your son study here? 2
was riding

1. He
were watching

his motorbike when he suddenly felt ill. the television when it suddenly stopped working.
put

2. We

3. When the ambulance came they

was lis tening

him inside.

4. I

to the radio when the phone rang.

s aid

5. When I arrived, they

hello but continued studying.

3 1. The report is finished. 2. Angeles cannot find her keys. 3. Where is Ruben? 4. I have a new camera. 5. She isnt here at the moment.

6. The flat is dirty. 7. I dont remember your name. 8. His leg is broken. 9. Carolyn has a new baby. 10. The pope is dead. 4
for

1. Ive lived in Valencia

five years.
since

2. Angeles and I have known each other

since

1998.

3. I havent eaten anything

for

breakfast. more than fifty years.

since

4. My parents have been married 5. Israel has been an independent country

1948.
for

6. Ive been really busy. I havent been out

since

about two weeks. last Tuesday.

7. We havent seen Luis and Manoli

for

8. Graham has had his Porsche

for

nearly a year. two years.

for

9. Danny has been in Michigan 10. I havent had a good steak

ages.

5 1. Graham has had a Porsche for two years. 2. Deek has been studying German since 1999. 3. Luis and Craig have been working on La Mansin del Ingls since 2001. 4. Cathy has been in Cuba for three weeks. 5. Tom has been playing the saxophone since last March. 6. Craig has been teaching English since 1991.

EJERCIOS 3 3.1
A)
vis it 'll tell

1. After I

the old people's home, I

you how grandma is.

phones

'll let

2. As soon as she
'll s ee

me I
fly

you know. to London.

3. I
'll phone

you before I
get

4. I
'll finis h

Helen when we
'm

to Paris. at home.
'll be flying

5. I B)

this report when I

1. At eight o'clock on Monday evening we

'll be vis iting 'll as k

over San Francisco. him then.

'll be us ing

2. He
won't be able

our university next month. I to lend you the bike tomorrow. I

will you be doing

3. I 4.What 5. Next month they

it all day.

early on Saturday night?.

'll be living

in England.

3.2
1) She is not going to walk to the stadium. 2) Are you going to fly to London? 3) John is not going to eat anything. 4) Is she going to stay at a campsite? 5) What are you going to do tomorrow? 6) I am not going to see Dennis tonight. 7) Is Alexander going to take the next bus? 8) They are not going to play football in the gym. 9) When are you going to give me the book back? 10) Angela is going to spend a week in Poland.

3.3
1) 2) 3) 4) They will be back by 6:30 pm. Will you help me? When will I see you again? His parents will not punish him for being late.

5) Will they sign the contract tonight? 6) It will take us three hours to get there. 7) Will this concert raise money for our school club? 8) This van will not break down with 8 people in it. 9) The meeting will not close before tomorrow morning. 10) When will she send me a copy of her essay?