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Agave Aloe
REGENERACIN
Suspensin celular
GERMINACIN
Semilla artificial
Embriognesis somtica
Alta probabilidad de mutaciones Dificultad metodolgica con algunas especies en particular Prdida de la capacidad regenerativa luego de repetidos subcultivos Los embriones somticos presentan frecuentemente una profunda dormancia
GERMINACIN
Embriognesis en soja
DESARROLLO INDUCCIN PROLIFERACIN
Embriognesis en vid
Embriones somticos de alfalfa La funcin inductiva es llevada a cabo por auxinas (2,4-D).
Una de las ideas con embriones somticos es producir semillas sintticas o artificiales surge como resultado de la posibilidad de su aplicacin en agricultura.
Encapsulacin
Alginato de sodio cultivo embrionado 4mm
50 mM CaCl2 Cpsules
Morfognesis
cut ---> subculture transplanting into soil cut ---> subculture Advantitious Acclimatization shoots -------> cut ---> subculture Culture in field
Fuentes del explanto * Apices de los vstagos o tallos * Yemas axilares * Yemas florales no desarrolladas
In many commercial labs, rooting in culture (in vitro) is skipped in favor of rooting out of culture (ex vitro). This tray of unrooted microshoots has now been taken out of the sterile environment. The microcuttings, as they are called, are trimmed up and soaked in a rooting hormone (auxin) solution...
...then planted in flats much like young bedding plants. At this point they still have no roots.
Flats of unrooted microcuttings are transferred to a fog chamber within a greenhouse. Directly out of culture, the plantlets need high humidity levels and reduced light (similar to the in vitro environment).
Over the next 10-14 days, fogging is diminished and the tent opened up, until the plants do not need extra protection (ie. the plantlets on the right). This process is known as acclimatization or hardening off.
The microcuttings have rooted, transplanted into larger cells, and increased greatly in size in only a few weeks.
After all that work, the plants are ready for the field. They are moved to a shade house at least one week before planting to finish the hardening-off process
Inconvenientes * Desarrollo asincrnico * Vitrificacin (hiperhidracin, aspecto vidrioso de los tejidos , los desrdenes fisiolgicos que genera permiten el crecimiento y multiplicacin pero no el enraizamiento) * Contaminacin crnica * Problemas en el enraizamiento * Variaciones genticas
Etapa II - Multiplicacin
Los vstagos generados son transferidos al medio de desarrollo especfico dnde se dividen constantemente
Caractersticas de la Micropropagacin
Sistema de reproduccin clonal La etapa de multiplicacin se puede repetir de manera de llegar a un nmero ilimitado de clones Se simplifica el manipuleo de los ciclos productivos
Independencia estacional y ambiental