English Paper 1 Winter School 2011 4 July 15 July Learners Guide

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English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za Introduction: Have you heard about Mindset? Mindset Network, a South African non-profit organisation, was founded in 2002. We develop and distribute quality and contextually relevant educational resources for use in the schooling, health and vocational sectors. We distribute our materials through various technology platforms like TV broadcasts, the Internet (www.mindset.co.za/learn) and on DVDs. The materials are made available in video, print and in computer-based multimedia formats. At Mindset we are committed to innovation. In the last two years, we successfully ran a series of broadcast events leading up to and in support of the NSC examinations Now we are proud to announce our 2011 edition of Matric Exam Revision, which will begin with our Winter School in July. Weve expanded the broadcast to support you in seven subjects - Mathematics, Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, Mathematical Literacy, English 1st Additional Language, Accounting and Geography. During our Winter School, you will get Exam overviews, study tips on each of the topics we cover, detailed solutions to selected questions from previous examination papers, short question and answer sessions so you can check you are on track and live phone in programmes so you can work through more exam questions with an experienced teacher. Getting the most from Winter School Before you watch the broadcast of a topic, read through the questions for the topic and try to answer them without looking up the solutions. If you get stuck and cant complete the answer dont panic. Make a note of any questions you have. When watching the Topic session, compare the approach you took to what the teacher does. Dont just copy the answers down but take note of the method used. Make sure you keep this booklet for after Winter School. You can re-do the exam questions you did not get totally correct and mark your own work by looking up the solutions at the back of the booklet. Remember that exam preparation also requires motivation and discipline, so try to stay positive, even when the work appears to be difficult. Every little bit of studying, revision and exam practice will pay off. You may benefit from working with a friend or a small study group, as long as everyone is as committed as you are. Mindset believes that the 2011 Winter School programme will help you achieve the results you want. If you find Winter School a useful way to revise and prepare for your exams, remember that we will be running Spring School from the 3rd to 7th October and Exam School from 19th October to 22nd November as well.

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English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za Programme Outline The Mindset Winter School is designed to focus on two subjects each day. For each subject you will find the following sessions: Examination Overview This is a 15 minute session that gives details of what you can expect in each examination paper. Practical guidelines are also given on how to prepare for the day of the exam. Topics Tips In this session you will be given a 15 minutes summary of the key ideas you need to know, common errors and study hints to help you prepare for your exams. Topic Session An expert teacher will work through specially selected questions from previous exam papers. Interactive Q & A After every topic you will get the chance to test yourself. Live Phone-in This is your chance to ask your own questions. So submit your question to the Help Desk and we might call you back to help you live on TV. All questions you submit will be answered within 48 hours as normal.

Winter Broadcast School Schedule

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English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za Topic 1:Visual Literacy Question 1 Analysing a Cartoon Study the cartoon on the next page and then answer the questions. Hagar is the man sitting at the table waiting to be served. [Note: The key words have been printed in bold to help you answer the questions properly] 5 & 12 July

1.1

Complete the sentence below by choosing the correct answer from the list: The man talking to Hagar is a ... A manager B waiter C waitress D cashier [Only write number and letter of correct answer] (1) How does the cartoonist show that Hagar needs help? (2) Complete the sentence below by choosing the correct answer from the list: Hagar is ... by the man's question. A irritated B surprised C amused D saddened (2) How does the cartoonist convey Hagar's feelings? (2) Do you find this cartoon funny? Give a reason for your answer. (2) [Remember: you must say yes/no and then a reason for 2 marks.]

1.2 1.3

1.4 1.5

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English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za Question 2 Analysing an advertisement Study the advertisement and answer the set questions.

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English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za 2.1 2.2 The word NEW is placed in the top right-hand corner of the advertisement, Why is this effective? Give TWO reasons. (2) Explain how the following claims are designed to influence the reader: a) 100% South African Tea b) Midi tea leaves are carefully selected to make it strong and satisfying (2) (2) (2) (2)

2.3 Why is the exclamation aah appropriate in this advertisement? 2.4 Pictures of various tea products are placed in the bottom left of the advertisement. Why, in your opinion, has the advertiser done this?

2.5 What does the advertiser mean by MIDI TEA TASTES GOOD, DOES GOOD? (2) 2.6 Choose the correct answer to complete the following sentence. Write only the letter (A D) next to 2.6 in your answer. This advertisement has been placed by .... A Midi Tea B Vhembe District C Limpopo Province D ventecofoods (2) [14] Question 3 Analysing a cartoon Read the following cartoon and answer the set questions. Note: In this cartoon, the dogs name is Fred. The man and the woman in the cartoon are his owners.

3.1

Refer to frame 1. a) Is the man in the cartoon happy to go to the corner shop? Give a reason for your answer. ` (2) b) Explain the meaning of the underlined phrase in the following sentence: Can you nip down to the corner shop, please? (1)

3.2

Refer to frame 3. Explain why the dog thinks, Rather him than me!

(2) [5]

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English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za Topic 2 Comprehension and Summary Question 1 Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow. THE GEARBOX GOGO 1. While many women are clamouring for the glamour of South Africa's boardrooms, some are happy to get their hands dirty with some tough work. 2. Ntombifuthi Khowa (48), a mother of one from Lindelani, near Durban, is leaving men shocked by her skills. She can open up a gearbox, repair its parts and put it back together with ease. Various parts of gearboxes line her mini-scrapyard at shack No.10. It is the home she shares with her husband of 28 years, Fanisa, a former taxi boss. Fanisa taught his wife how to fix gearboxes. 3. 'I saw that she had a passion for this job, as she would always volunteer to help me when I was fixing the gearboxes of my taxis. I was also tired of teaching the local boys the job as they soon left to work for car dealers in town. I knew that teaching my wife would help put food on the table, as I was no longer able to run my business after becoming paralysed,' said Fanisa. 4. 'All my life I had ploughed the field with other women. But today I am an expert and now run the family business,' said Khowa. A busy woman, Ntombifuthi still finds time for her duties as mother and wife. 5. 'I still cook, clean, do the washing for my family and even baby-sit my granddaughter, four-year-old Nobuhle. I usually fix the gearboxes at night when everyone is sleeping and after I have finished all my chores for the day, said Ntombifuthi. 6. Such is Ntombifuthi's talent that she is wanted by several car dealers. She was once employed by a Springfield car dealer but left so she could be at home to take care of her husband. 7. Ntombifuthi says that some men bring their wives and girlfriends to watch her do the job hoping they will learn a thing or two, but the women do not seem interested. Instead, she says, they look down upon her as she is always dirty, her clothes stained with oil and grease. 8. 'I once went to a function and a woman remarked she was so surprised to see me all clean and dressed up. [Adapted from an article in Sunday Tribune, 10 August 2008] 1.1 Refer to paragraph 1. What does this paragraph suggest about the types of careers women prefer these days? (2) 5 July

1.2 Explain the meaning of the following expressions as used in the passage: 1.2.1 'to get their hands dirty' (par 1) (1) 1.2.2 'put food on the table' (par 3) (1) 1.3 Explain why Ntombifuthi Khowa is 'leaving men shocked by her skills' (par 2). (2)

1.4 Indicate whether the following statement is TRUE or FALSE. Give a reason for your answer. Ntombifuthi runs her business from a workshop in Durban. Brought to you by (2) Page 7

English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Refer to paragraph 2. How did Ntombifuthi learn to repair gearboxes? Quote a sentence from the passage which tells you that Ntombifuthi has always been interested in repairing gearboxes. Refer to paragraph 6. Why did car dealers want to employ Ntombifuthi? (2) (2) (2)

Refer to paragraph 7. Why are many women not interested in learning to fix gearboxes? (2) Is the title of the passage, 'The Gearbox Gogo', suitable? Give a reason for your answer. (2) [18]

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English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za Question 2 With food prices rising, it is becoming more and more important to shop smartly. Being a smart shopper means using your money and time wisely. Use the passage below to compile a list of SEVEN points on how to shop smartly. INSTRUCTIONS 1. List SEVEN points in full sentences using no more than 70 words. 2. Number your sentences from 1 to 7. 3. Write only ONE point per line. 4. Use your OWN words. 5. Indicate the total number of words you have used in brackets at the end of your summary. 1. Have a list in your hand while you shop, so you won't forget anything and you won't buy any unnecessary items. Shop at a store where you can get everything you need under one roof, from breakfast cereals to beauty products. You can pay certain accounts, e.g. your electricity and telephone accounts, at some supermarkets. This will save you time and, because you dont have to go to different stores, you can also save on travelling costs. 2. Decide on how much you are willing to spend and stick to your plan. Look out for leaflets available in stores or in newspapers, advertising all the current specials. These leaflets can be a handy guide to help you save money. Planning your meals around the specials advertised in these leaflets will help you to stick to your budget. 3. Fresh vegetables are generally cheaper than processed and prepared ones. Certain veggies can be frozen right after being cut, so if you see any specials on these vegetables don't hesitate to buy in bulk. 4. Buy bread or rolls and get some cold meat from the deli section to make a nourishing lunch to take to work or school. You can save a lot of money by not buying a sandwich or snacks. Making your own healthy lunch is not only good for the wallet, but also for the waistline, so it's a win-win situation. 5. Certain stores carry house brands of various products such as detergents, cereals and dairy products. These are often cheaper than, and as good as, leading brand names, so it makes sense to buy house brands. [Adapted from an article in Bona Magazine, September 2008] (10)

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English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za Question 3 Read the passage (TEXT B) below and answer the questions that follow. 1. At one time or another, most of us will visit a craft or gift shop in South Africa. Many of the wonderful selection of products are labelled '100% handmade' or 'locally produced', the aim being to target the tourist market. But what do we know of the people who actually make these works of art? 2. If your interest lies in wire art, there is a very good chance that you will have looked at and perhaps purchased items made by talented artists within Streetwires. 3. Streetwires is one of the many success stories in empowering local craft workers. It is a social business organisation founded in 2000. They design, create and market unique wire and bead arts and crafts. 4. The history of wire art began when talented and creative children turned materials such as bits of old fence, tyres and metal into unique toys. A few crafters then developed wire art into an art form, and today artists make items which are ideal gifts for homes and offices. Streetwires has even made a wire and bead version of the International Space Station, which was presented to NASA by the South African government! 5. There are over 120 artists working from studios in Johannesburg and Cape Town. The artists at Streetwires use wire and beads to add vibrant, unlimited colour and form to our world. [Adapted from Sawubona, August 2008] 3.1 Refer to paragraph 1. 3.1.1 Explain the meaning of 'locally produced'. 3.1.2 In your view, why would tourists want to buy '100% handmade' items? 3.2

(2) (2)

Refer to paragraph 3. Explain whether Streetwires is a suitable name for the business organisation. (2)

3.3 Refer to paragraph 4. 3.3.1 Suggest a reason why children used 'bits of old fence, tyres and metal' to make toys. (2) 3.3.2 Give a reason why wire art makes ideal gifts. (2) 3.4 Provide a suitable title of no more than SIX words for this passage. (2) [12]

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English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za Question 4 Read the following passage and answer the set questions.

4.1 Choose the correct answer, Write on the letter (A D) next to the question 2.1 in your answer. (1) The word anonymously(line 2) means ... A. Mysteriously B. Namelessly C. Unknowingly D. Knowingly 4.2 Why is it appropriate that Valentines Day is celebrated on 14 February? (2)

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English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za 4.3 Explained, using you own words, why one of the Saint Valentines was imprisoned. (2) 4.4 Are more Valentines Day cards sned each year than Christmas cards? Quote a phrase of no more than five words to support your answer. (2) 4.5 How has the diamond industry benefited from Valentines Day? (1) 4.6 Do you think people attach too much importance to Valentines Day these days? Give a reason for your answer. (2) [10] Topic 3 Language and editing 12 July

Question 1 The passage below contains several deliberate errors in grammar and punctuation. Read the passage and answer the set questions. 1. As new cellphone users, me and my friend feel rather clever when we send each other a SMS. 2. Recently, I had arranged to met her the next morning for tea and send her a message to remember her: do not 4get our d8. 3. To which she replied: no I wont see you tomorrow 4. I was upset by her casual dismissal of the meeting and phoned her immediatly. She was sorry, explaining that the tea was still on, and that the message should have read: No I wont. See you tomorrow. [Reader's Digest, November 2004] 1.1 Correct the underlined errors in the following lines. 1.1.1 ''me and my friend feel rather clever (line 1) 1.1.2 Recently, I (a) had arranged to (b) met her for tea and (c) send her a message to (d) remember her: do not 4get our d8. (Lines 3 4) 1.2 1.3 1.4 Rewrite the following sentence from line 4 in formal English. [Proper English] ''do not 4get our d8.'' Identify and correct the spelling error (mistake) in paragraph 4. Rewrite the following sentence in reported speech. I said, ''Your message really upset me!'' Begin with: I told my friend [Revise the session on Direct and Indirect Speech.] 1.5 Explain the difference in meaning between the two sentences below. [Look at the punctuation and how that changes the meaning.] No I won't see you tomorrow. AND No I won't. See you tomorrow. Give the correct form of the word in brackets in the sentence below. I accepted Linda's (explain) after she discussed the misunderstanding with me. (1) Brought to you by Page 12

(1) (4) (2) (1)

(2)

(2)

1.6

English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za 1.7 Rewrite the sentence below, starting with the given words. [Rewrite into the Passive voice.] I was upset by her casual dismissal of the meeting. Begin with: Her casual dismissal (2) Give the plural form of the underlined words in the following sentence. The thief stole the woman's handbags (2) [17]

1.8

Question 2 Read the passage below and answer the set questions. Stubborn and picky, everything healthy was icky. But mom found a way that made Nolitha shout yay! Filled with goodness and a scrumptious taste, Nolitha gobbled her yumchums with satisfactory haste. Now Nolitha is no longer bland. But the healthiest little eater in all the land.

5 6 7

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Yumchums is now fortified with 9 added vitamins and minerals. So, as well as being rich in calcium for strong bones and teeth, it also has everything healthy,

growing children need. And with a yummy-tasting flavour, it's no wonder yumchums is the yoghurt and flavoured milk little kids savour. New, improved yumchums. Really better! 2.1 Write out the word ''veggies'' in full. 2.2 (1)

Provide a suitable synonym (a word with a similar meaning) for each of the words below: 4.2.1 icky (line 2) (1) 4.2.2 scrumptious (line 6) (1) Explain the meaning of the underlined word in the following sentence: 'Nolitha gobbled her yumchums' (line 7) Rewrite the sentence below as a question, beginning with the given word. (2)

2.3 2.4

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English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za Nolitha never refused to eat anything healthy. Begin with: Did [Pay attention to the words never and ever] Question 3 Read the following passage, which has some deliberate errors, and answer the set questions.

(2)

3.1

Combine the following two sentences into a single sentence, using the word which: African elephants were historically found south of the Sahara Desert. Theyre at home in both swamp and desert. (2)

3.2

Choose the correct answer. Write only the letter (A D) next to the question number (3.2) in your answer. (1)

The apostrophe used in the word Theyre (line 1) indicates .... A B C D 3.3 the plural form omission possession a quotation

The word survival; (Line 2) comes from the verb to survive. Give the correct form of the word survive in each of the following sentences: (1) (1) Page 14

3.3.1 The elephant calf is the only (survive) of the fire on the game park 3.3.2 That group of elephants (survive) only if they are given treatment Brought to you by

English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za 3.4 Identify and correct the error in each of the following sentences: 3.4.1 Elephants share needs similar to man: food, land and water (line 3). (1) 3.4.2 So, as the human population grow, elephants are pushed into smaller spaces (lines 3 4). (1) 3.4.3 Here their own increase in population soon leads into overcrowding and habitat destruction (lines 4 6). (1) 3.4.4 Water is drawn threw the trunk (lines 8 9). (1) 3.4.5 They are quiet at home in water and are excellent swimmers (lines 15 16). (1) 3.4.6 Elephants can easy live as long as 70 years (line 18). (1) 3.4.7 The oldest cow in the heard is regarded as having the greatest wisdom and experience (lines 18 19). (1) 3.5 3.6 Rewrite the following sentence in the future tense: Waterholes are social venues for elephants. (1)

3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10

Rewrite the following sentence in the past tense: Elephants churn up the water into thick mud and then slap it onto their skins. (2) Give an antonym (word opposite in meaning) for harsh (line 13). (1) Rewrite the following sentence as a question: The oldest cow is always a leader. Rewrite the following sentence in reported speech: Piet said, I find elephants fascinating creatures. (1) (2)

Rewrite the following sentence, inserting all the missing punctuation marks: I know that elephants have amazing memories said themba (2)

3.11

Choose the correct word from those given in brackets: An elephant has (been / being) seen in the stream. (1) [22]

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English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za Solutions Topic 1: Visual Literacy Question 1 1.1 B (1) 1.2 He depicts Hagar holding the menu upside down. (2) 1.3 A (2) 1.4 Through his facial expression. He is not smiling/ he looks cross/ he appears to be frowning. (2) 1.5 Open-ended. Accept a well-substantiated response, e.g. Yes. Hagar tries to fool the waiter into believing that he can read, yet he holds the menu upside down. (2) Question 2 2.1 It grabs the readers attention (1), it is easily noticeable on the corner of the page (1) (2) 2.2 a) it appeals to their sense of patriotism/love for their country OR It influences people to believe that if they buy this tea, they will be supporting the economy of South Africa/South Africans (2) 2.3 It suggests the feeling of satisfaction a tea lover would get when drinking his/her tea (2) 2.4 To help readers recognise and buy products (2) 2.5 The tea has a good taste and buying it helps support the community (2) 2.6 D/ventecofoods (2) Question 3 3.1 a) No. (1) He is not smiling / He is looking glum / unhappy /reluctant to /.go / despondent / unwilling to go / unenthusiastic / His words I suppose so! suggest this / He is relaxing / reading the newspaper and does not want to go / He knows it is raining (1) (2) Go quickly / rush / pop down / hurry / run / to be fast Note: Do not accept hurry up (1)

3.2 3.2

The weather is ver y bad so the dog prefers to remain at home / indoors / not to accompany hhis master to the shop OR The dog is glad that he si not expected to go to the shop as the weather is very bad / cold OR The dog does not want to get wet / it is raining / it is cold outside. (2)

Solutions Topic 2: Comprehension and Summary Question 1 1.1 Many women prefer office-based jobs/business careers/managerial positions. Only a small number of women prefer manual/menial work. (2)

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English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za 1.2.1 These women do not mind doing a manual job which involves dirtying their hands.(1) 1.2.2 To feed the family/To earn money to buy food. (1) 1.3 1.4 She is an expert at doing a job that is generally done by men. (2) False. () She runs her business from outside her home in Lindelani, near Durban. (2) (2) 'I saw that she had a passion for this job' OR ' she would always volunteer to help me when I was fixing the gearboxes of my taxis.' OR 'I saw that she had a passion for this job as she would always volunteer to help me when I was fixing the gearboxes of my taxis.' (2) [Any applicable quote for 2 marks]

1.5 Her husband, Fanisa, taught her how to repair gearboxes. 1.6

1.7

She was talented/They knew she was good at the job/She has much experience. [Any of these answers for 2 marks] (2) 1.8 Its hard work as it requires lifting heavy parts/Its a messy job/They do not like to get their hands dirty. (2) 1.9 Open-ended. Accept a well-substantiated response, e.g. Yes. The article is about a grandmother who repairs gearboxes. (2) [18] Question 2 Suggested memo The following points form the answer to the question. 1. Always shop with a list. 2. Plan meals using leaflets advertising store specials. 3. Shop at department stores where you can also pay accounts to save time and travelling costs. 4. Stick to your budget. 5. Cut costs by buying fresh vegetables in bulk and freezing them. 6. Take your own healthy lunch to work or school. 7. Buy house brand products instead of leading brand names. [NOTE: The total number of words used must be indicated.] Marking: The summary should be read and assessed in its entirety. Marks should be allocated as follows: 1 mark per point given. 1 mark for indicating the correct word count. 2 marks for language usage. The candidate must write the main ideas in his/her own words as far as possible. The points need not be in any specific order. Mark only ONE point per sentence. If given in paragraph format, treat one sentence as one point. Penalties Deduct one mark for each of the following:

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English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za Summary in paragraph form. Language usage: For every 5 language errors, up to a maximum of 2 marks. Each group of 5 words above 70 words, up to a maximum of 2 marks Question 3 3.1 3.1.1 Made/manufactured in a particular place/Not brought in from another place/not imported. [Any one of these for two marks] (2) 3.1.2 People value handmade items more than mass-produced or factory-produced items. (2) 3.2 It is a suitable name. The artists make works of art out of old wire. These wire items are often sold on the streets. The artists, through belonging to this organisation, have become streetwise, i.e. smarter, better at marketing their products and better able to cope with life. [Use discretion: Any motivation to explain that it is a good name] (2) 3.3.1 These children were poor and these were the only materials available to them. (2) 3.3.2 Each item is a unique work of art that is handmade/People attach more value to handmade items. [Any one reason for 2 marks] (2) 3.4 Accept a suitable response of no more than 6 words, e.g. Streetwires helps local artists. OR Local is Lekker! (2) [12] Solutions Topic 3: Language and editing Question 1 1.1 1.1.1 My friend and I (1) 1.1.2 (a) arranged (b) meet (c) sent (d) remind 1.2 1.3 1.4 Do not forget our date. [NOTE: Award 1 mark per underlined word.] immediately (4) (2) (1)

I told my friend that her message had really upset me. [NOTE: give a mark credit for each of the underlined words and mark for omitting the inverted commas.] (2) No I wont see you tomorrow: her friend would not meet her for tea the following day. No I wont. See you tomorrow: she would not forget their date and would see her the next day. (2) explanation Her casual dismissal of the meeting upset me. thieves (1); womens (1) (1) (2) (2)

1.5

1.6 1.7 1.8

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English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za Question 2 2.1 vegetables (1) (1) (1) (2) (2)

2.2.1 gross/unpleasant/bad 2.2.2 delicious/delightful 2.3 2.4 To eat very fast and/or greedily. Did Nolitha ever refuse to eat anything healthy?

Question 3 3.1 African elephants, which were historically found south of the Sahara Desert, are at home in both swamp and desert. OR African elephants, which are at home in both swamp and desert, were historically found south of the Sahara Desert. Note: Do not penalise candidates who omit commas. 3.2 B / omission Note: In questions 3.3 and 3.4, answers in full sentences must also be considered even if the test item is not underlined, Be careful of wrong additions to test items, e.g. 3.4.2 is grows must be marked incorrect. 3.3 3.4 3.3.1 survivor 3.3.2 will survive 3.4.1 similiar similar 3.4.2 grow grows 3.4.3 into to 3.4.4 threw through 3.4.5 quiet quite 3.4.6 easy easily 3.4.7 heard herd (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (1)

Note: Candidates may write the error and the correction OR the correction only. 3.5 3.6 Waterholes will be / are going to be social venues for elephants. (1)

Elephants churned (1) up the water into thick mud and then slapped (1) it onto their skins. (2) (1) (1) (2)

Note: Spelling of the underlined words must be correct. 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 gentle / moderate / mild / temperate / kind / benevolent Is the oldest cow always the leader? Piet said (that) he found (1) elephants fascinating creatures. Award 1 mark for omitting both the comma and the inverted commas. I know that elephants have amazing memories, said Themba. OR Themba said, I know that elephants have amazing memories. OR

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English First Additional Language Exam Revision Learners Guide Winter School July 2011 www.learnxtra.co.za Themba said: I know that elephants have amazing memories. Note: Award a mark for each of the underlined changes and mark for both the inverted commas. Punctuation marks must be correctly placed. (2) 3.11 been OR An elephant has been seen in the stream.

(1) [22]

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