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Geodesy
This documentation has been produced with the utmost care. Nemetschek Allplan GmbH and the program authors have no liability to the purchaser or any other entity, with respect to any liability, loss, or damage caused, directly or indirectly by this software, including but not limited to, any interruptions of service, loss of business, anticipatory profits, or consequential damages resulting from the use or operation of this software. In the event of discrepancies between the descriptions and the program, the menu and program lines displayed by the program take precedence. Information in this documentation is subject to change without notice. Companies, names and data used in examples are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part of this documentation may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Nemetschek Allplan GmbH. Allfa is a registered trademark of Nemetschek CREM Solutions GmbH & Co. KG, Ratingen. Allplan is a registered trademark of Nemetschek AG, Munich. AutoCAD, DXF and 3D Studio MAX are trademarks or registered trademarks of Autodesk Inc., San Rafael, CA. BAMTEC is a registered trademark of Hussler, Kempten, Germany. Parts of this product were developed using LEADTOOLS. (c) 1991-2007, LEAD Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows und Windows Vista are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. MicroStation is a registered trademark of Bentley Systems, Inc. Parts of this product were developed using the Xerces library of 'The Apache Software Foundation'. All other (registered) trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Nemetschek Allplan GmbH, Munich, 2009. All rights reserved. 1. edition, june 2009 Document no. 090eng01s07-1-BM0509
Geodesy
Contents
Contents
Before you start ........................................................................... 1
Requirements..........................................................................................................2 Feedback on the documentation .....................................................................2 Sources of Information .......................................................................................3
Documentation............................................................................................................ 3 Additional help ............................................................................................................ 4
Training, coaching and project support.........................................................5 Project and drawing files....................................................................................6 Basic settings for the exercises.........................................................................9
Track tracing...............................................................................................................10
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Default settings .................................................................................................. 54 Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model....................... 57
Task 1: placing point symbols............................................................................... 57 Task 2: creating and optimizing a DTM............................................................. 64 A note on meshing elements at the height of the terrain .......................... 68 Task 3: entering a breakline.................................................................................. 70 Task 4: drawing contour lines and labeling the DTM.................................... 72 Task 5: changing the smoothing factor of contour lines............................. 75
Exercise 5: importing DTM files..................................................................... 89 Exercise 6: creating and activating a profile section ............................. 94 Exercise 7: adjusting height of road location line to gradient .........104 Exercise 8: torsion trace.................................................................................107
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Exercise 9: slope ...............................................................................................111 Exercise 10: computing cut and fill ...........................................................113 Additional steps to edit the DTM................................................................115
Appendix.................................................................................... 125
Bridge construction.........................................................................................125
Bridge cross-section.............................................................................................. 126 Designing the road ................................................................................................ 127 Task 1: defining the path..................................................................................... 128 Task 2: entering cross-sections.......................................................................... 132 Task 3: exporting data.......................................................................................... 140
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Geodesy
Requirements
Allplan 2009
Requirements
This step-by-step guide assumes that you are familiar with and have a working knowledge of Windows and Allplan 2009. The essentials are described in the manuals and in the online Help that come with Allplan 2009. You should work through the exercises in the given sequence as tools that are presented in more detail in the earlier exercises are only referred to by name in later exercises. However, you can work through the four units in any sequence as all the given examples are independent exercises.
Documentation NEMETSCHEK Allplan GmbH Konrad-Zuse-Platz 1 81829 Munich, Germany Tel.: 0180 1 750000 Fax: 0180 1 750001 Email: Dokumentation@nemetschek.de
Geodesy
Sources of Information
Documentation
The Allplan documentation consists of the following: The online Help is the main source of information for learning about and working with Allplan. While you work with Allplan, you can get help on the current function by pressing the F1 key, or activate Help on the Standard toolbar and point to the icon on which you require help. The Manual consists of two parts. The first part shows how to install Allplan. The second part is designed to provide an overview of basic concepts and terms in Allplan as well as introduce approaches for entering data in Allplan. The Basics Tutorial guides you step by step through the most important tools for designing and modifying elements in Allplan. The Architecture Tutorial guides you step by step through the process of designing a building. In addition, you learn how to analyze and evaluate the building data using lists and schedules and to output the results to a plotter. The Engineering Tutorial guides you step by step through the process of creating key plans, shell and formwork drawings as well as reinforcement drawings. In addition, you learn how to output the results to a plotter. The brochure New Features in Allplan provides information on what's new in the latest version. Each volume in the Step-by-Step series deals with a specific concept or series of tools/modules in Allplan in detail. The areas covered include data exchange, system administration, geodesy modules, presentation tools, 3D modeling etc. These guides can be obtained from the Nemetschek training department: NEMETSCHEK Deutschland GmbH Campus Center Munich Konrad-Zuse-Platz 1 81829 Munich, Germany
Sources of Information
Allplan 2009
Additional help
Tips on efficient usage
The Help menu includes Tips on efficient usage. This topic provides practical tips and tricks showing you how to use Allplan efficiently and to carry out operations with ease.
Allplan forum
A good way to answer questions, receive tips or learn in general from other users how to use Allplan. To register, go to http://serviceplus.nemetschek.de
LineLetter
The LineLetter is a digital publication that appears several times a year. It is sent free of charge to Serviceplus customers. The LineLetter includes practical tips and tricks on all program areas.
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Allplan 2009
3 The New Project - Specify Project Name dialog box opens. Enter Step by Step - Geodesy for the name of the new project and enable the Same folder name as project name option. Then click Next.
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5 Click Finish to confirm the last dialog box. 6 Exit ProjectPilot by clicking Exit on the File menu. You are back in Allplan 2009. The new project opens automatically. This step-by-step guide requires the drawing files listed below. Before you get started, please create the following files:
Allplan 2009
Unit
1
2 3
11 21 22 23 25
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Note: Allplan automatically names drawing files 22 and 23 when calculating the cut and fill.
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Advanced Draft flyout Site Plan flyout Digital Terrain Model flyout Landscaping flyout Urban Planning flyout Modifications flyout
4 Set the unit of length in the border of the viewport to m. 5 Set the reference scale in the border of the viewport to 1:1000. 6 On the Format toolbar, select pen thickness 0.25 and linetype 1.
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Track tracing
The innovative track tracing feature, which was launched with Allplan 2006, makes it a lot easier to create custom designs. As the exercises that follow are based on fixed measurements, you need to deactivate track tracing (which is active by default).
4 Click OK to confirm the settings and press ESC to quit the tool.
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Overview of exercises
Allplan 2009
Overview of exercises
Exercise 1: main road
Create individual elements Combine the individual elements to produce a composite element Create roadsides as parallel lines to the composite element
Define the labels for the road location line Label the main curve points of the composite element Disable the labels for the main curve points Station the location line
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Default settings
Allplan 2009
Default settings
Tip: Offsets can be used to import supraregional country coordinates with high numbers (e.g. Gauss-Krger coordinates). Once you have set an offset, it always applies to the entire project. In unit 4, you will learn how to import files using an offset. First, set general defaults for the Site Plan module. These general defaults are used in all exercises in this step-by-step guide.
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To enter parameters
1 Click Open on a Project-Specific Basis (Standard toolbar), make drawing file 1 current and close all the others. 2 Click Tip: If you enter the value 0 for the radius, Infinite is shown in the data entry box. Modify Element Parameters (Site Plan flyout).
3 To define the start point of the first element, click XS (X coordinate in start point) on the Modify Element Parameters Context toolbar.
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4 Define the start point of the first element using the global point setting. Click Global point in the dialog line. 5 Enter the following values for the global point: Global X coordinate: 5 Global Y coordinate: 5
6 Press ENTER to confirm. Now the element is displayed on screen as a construction line based on the parameters you have set. 7 The first element is to be a line. To create a line, set the parameters Rad (Rs) and Rad (Re) to 0 and enter 20 for the arc Length. The Context toolbar should now look like this:
8 Right-click in the workspace to confirm the settings. The line is created using the pen thickness and linetype currently set; Modify Element Parameters remains active. 9 On the Context toolbar, click XS (X coordinate in start point) so that the following element (a circle) is connected directly to the line. Tip: When designing circles, it is important to change the direction as circles are always created in a counter-clockwise direction. 10 Click Delta point in the dialog line and then the line created previously to select it as the reference element. The direction is indicated by an arrow (see below). If the arrow has the wrong direction, you can change it using S->E or E->S in the Input options.
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11 Click the end point of the line to select it as the reference point (see below). The start point of the element automatically assumes the angle and the coordinates of this point.
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Direction of element
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12 Enter the following values on the Context toolbar: Rad (Re) 80.000 A= 50.000
13 Confirm the parameters. The clothoid is created. Your drawing should now look like this:
14 Use the values given in the table below to enter the other elements. All you need to do is enter the values that are shown in bold; Allplan automatically calculates the other values. Repeat the steps above: On the Context toolbar, click XS. Double-click with the middle mouse button in the workspace to refresh the display so that you can see the drawing in its entirety. Click the reference element (the element you created last). If necessary, change the direction by clicking in the Input options.
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Click the reference point whose angle and coordinates you wish to adopt (the end point of the element you created last). Enter the values as shown below (you only need to enter the values shown in bold). Confirm the parameters. Type Straight line Clothoid Circle Spiral clothoid Circle Spiral clothoid Circle Spiral clothoid Circle Clothoid Straight line Arc Length m already entered already entered 40.000 45.9375 30.000 50.000 30.000 45.9375 40.000 31.250 20.000 80.000 80.000 - 40.000 - 40.000 + 40.000 40.000 - 80.000 - 80.000 0.000 80.000 - 40.000 - 40.000 40.000 40.000 - 80.000 - 80.000 0.000 0.000 35.000 31.6228 35.000 50.000 Rad (Rs) m Rad (Re) m A=
15 Press ESC to quit the Modify Element Parameters tool. The result should now look like this:
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The next step is to combine the individual elements to produce a composite element , which can then be addressed, modified and edited as a single entity.
4 Double-click with the right mouse button in the workspace to select all connected entities. 5 Press ESC to quit the tool.
Note: You can configure Allplan to display the individual elements with different colors: Show/Hide Disable the Color stands for pen option (with the tool on the Standard toolbar), click Modify Composite Element and enable the Dsp Ce parameter.
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In the steps that follow, you will learn how to check the data of composite elements and of the associated individual elements.
To check data
1 Click Modify Element Parameters (Site Plan flyout). 2 Click the composite element. The Context toolbar displays the parameters of the composite element.
3 The Elements box shows the number of the individual element clicked and the total number of elements in the composite element. Clicking in the data entry box opens another Context toolbar containing the parameters of the corresponding individual element. 4 Press ESC to quit the Modify Element Parameters tool.
Note: To peg out road location lines, you can create a list including the individual elements and print it out: File Interface and create a composite element file; enable Click the Show option and confirm the settings.
Then place the list in the workspace. You can use to print out the list on a printer.
Print Preview
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Now you will create the roadsides as parallel lines to the composite element. The road is to be 7 m wide.
4 Enter 3.50 for the offset. 5 Click in the workspace below the composite element to specify the side on which the parallel line is to be created. 6 Enter 1 for the number. The roadside on the right is created. 7 Create the parallel line for the roadside on the left. Enter -7.00 for the offset and 1 for the number. Your drawing should now look like this:
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4 Click the Toggle on the right and set the text height to 2.5 and the text width to 2.0.
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5 Click the Toggle again and click OK to confirm the settings. This defines the parameters for the labels. The next step is to label the elements. 6 Press ESC to quit the Modify Composite Element tool.
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Next, you will label the main curve points of the location line. First, you need to define the size of the point symbols using the Point Symbol tool.
The Label Site Plan setting is active in the Input options. Leave it as it is. 7 Click the road location line. The composite element is labeled based on the parameters you have set. Your drawing should now look like this:
Label tool.
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Now you will station the composite element. The stationing points are labeled according to the settings in Modify Composite Element.
4 Click OK to confirm the settings. This defines the label. 5 Click Station Element (Site Plan flyout) to station the composite element. Retain the Element setting in the Input options. 6 Click the composite element (see below). 7 Set the spacing between stations to 10. This stations the composite element. The stationing points are labeled according to the settings in Modify Composite Element. Your drawing should now look like this:
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Note: The tools in the Site Plan module let you create station labels that best suit your own preferences and requirements. In addition, you can also specify the direction and start point of stationing. The pages that follow provide an overview of the options available for setting the reference point, the reference points default station and the direction of stationing.
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Reference point of stationing: Starting from this point, the stationing is implemented. In the case of composite elements, the reference point is displayed as a cross (in construction line format). You can move the reference point using Ref Pnt provided in the Modify Element Parameters tool.
Reference points default station: The value used to station the reference point (see above). Modify Element You can change this setting using Def Sta in Parameters.
Stationing direction: The direction of stationing. You can change this setting using Lb Dir in the Modify Composite Element tool. You can only change the direction when the composite element is not labeled.
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Examples:
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3 Click the location line of the main road (see below). 4 To define the start point of the side road, right-click in the workspace and select Offset by line on the shortcut menu. 5 Click the location line of the main road, move the crosshairs to the start of the location line (station 0) and enter the value 217.88 for in the dialog line (see illustration below). 6 Enter -15 for the confirm. offset in the dialog line and press ENTER to
3 5
7 Press ESC to quit the Perpendicular tool. This completes the first element of the side road. Note: You can use the Station Element tool in conjunction with the Part setting (Input options) to create the station for the
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side road's start point and thus check whether the value is correct.
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The other elements of the side road are created using the Modify Element Parameters tool, which is familiar to you from the first exercise.
5 To create the first clothoid, enter the following values on the Context toolbar: Rad (Re) -30.000 A= 20.000
6 Right-click in the workspace to confirm the settings. This creates the second element of the side road.
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Clothoid
Line (perpendicular)
7 Enter the other elements using the values given in the table below. Type Straight line Clothoid Circle Spiral clothoid Circle Clothoid Straight line Arc Length m Rad (Rs) m Rad (Re) m A=
already designed as a perpendicular already designed 15.000 18.750 12.000 11.250 20.000 - 30.000 - 30.000 + 20.000 + 20.000 + 0.000 - 30.000 + 20.000 + 20.000 0.000 0.000 15.000 15.000 -
8 Press ESC to quit the Modify Element Parameters tool. Your drawing should now look like this:
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You will combine the individual elements of the side road to produce a composite element and create parallel lines at a distance of 3 m from the location line in the steps that follow. Tip: Here the approach is only outlined briefly. For a detailed description, please refer to Exercise 1: main road (on page 21).
2 Enter a name for the composite element and click a reference element on the side road. Then click twice in the workspace with the right mouse button so that all elements are included in the composite element. The start point of the composite element (= reference point of stationing) is indicated by a cross in construction line format. 3 Click Parallel Line Segments (Advanced Draft flyout).
4 Create the parallel lines at a distance of 3 m from the road location line. Your drawing should now look like this:
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4 Click OK to confirm the settings. 5 Press ESC to quit the Modify Composite Element tool. Modify
6 To modify the reference point of the stationing, click Element Parameters (Site Plan flyout). 7 Click the side road. 8 On the Context toolbar, click Ref Pnt.
9 Click the point where the main road and the side road intersect to define it as the new reference point.
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The new reference point is indicated by a cross in construction line format. 10 If you want, you can now station the elements without having to activate the Station Element tool. All you need to do is click Spacing on the Context toolbar, enter 10 and confirm the entry. This stations the composite element. Your drawing should now look like this:
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3 Confirm the settings. The label is no longer displayed; remains active. 4 Click the roadside on the right.
5 On the Context toolbar, click Statio and set the label type to Normal. 6 Click Lb Dir and set the label direction to E -> S. 7 Confirm the settings. 8 Click Station Element (Site Plan flyout) to station the roadside. 9 Click the roadside on the right. 10 Enter 5 for the spacing. Your drawing should now look like this:
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You will skew the roadside from station -85 to station -60 manually.
3 Click the roadside on the right. 4 Enter 6 for the number of stations. This way, you can define values for the skew at six stations. The Station-Dependent Skew dialog box opens. Enter the station in the column on the left and the value by which the roadside is to be skewed at this station in the column on the right. 5 Enter the values as shown below:
6 Confirm your entries. The roadside is skewed manually. Your drawing should now look like this:
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Skewed manually
The stationing points show the skew clearly. 7 Press ESC to quit the Skew tool.
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As an alternative, you will now use RAS guidelines to skew the roadside from station -60 to station -20.
Skew tool.
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7 Click Modify Composite Element (Site Plan flyout). Switch off the station label for the roadside and switch on the one for the road location line.
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4 Use the shortcut menu to open the drawing file with the main road. Click an element of the main road with the right mouse button (see below). 5 On the shortcut menu, choose Activate Drawing File. This makes drawing file 1 current and opens drawing file 2 in edit mode.
6 Click Explode Composite Element again and click the (top) left roadside of the main road.
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2 6 4
Tip: You can also use the Fillet tool (Change menu in the Draft module).
7 Click
8 To define the first element, click the right roadside of the side road (see below). 9 To specify the second element, click the (top) left roadside of the main road (see below). 10 Enter 8.0 for the radius of the fillet. Several circles are presented for selection. 11 Click the appropriate circle (see below).
8 11 9
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12 As you do not want to reduce the radius, confirm the prompt displayed in the dialog line. 13 You can now create the other fillet by repeating the steps described above. The fillet is drawn. 14 Use Delete (Edit toolbar) and Del Segment of Line (Change menu in the Draft module) to delete the superfluous lines. Your drawing should now look like this:
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Overview of exercises
Exercise 3: creating and editing a digital terrain model
Place points in a grid Mesh points to form a digital terrain model Add more points to the model
Enter a breakline Draw contour lines in the DTM Label contour lines along a contour gradient Label grid points Change the smoothing factor of contour lines by modifying the DTM
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Overview of exercises
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Default settings
Allplan 2009
Default settings
To set general defaults for the module
1 Click Model.
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3 Click OK to confirm the settings. 4 Click Representation (Digital Terrain Model flyout).
5 In the dialog box, activate the display of all elements according to the following illustration to ensure that all DTM elements are visible on screen.
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Default settings
Allplan 2009
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To define a grid
1 Click Open on a Project-Specific Basis (Standard toolbar), make drawing file 11 current and close all the others. 2 Set the reference scale in the border of the viewport to 1:100. 3 To define a grid, click Grid Settings on the View menu.
4 To define the global point of the grid, enter 0 for both the X axis and the Y axis. Tip: A point number should be assigned to all points you place so that the cut and fill can be calculated later. 5 To define the width of the grid, enter a value of 2 for both the X axis and the Y axis. 6 On the View menu, click screen. Grid on/off to display the grid on
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4 Click Text, check the Additional text box, set the text parameters as shown, uncheck the Additional text box again and click OK to confirm your settings. Tip: You will also use these text parameters to label the DTM later. It is advisable to disable the Additional text option again. Otherwise, you have to press ESC each time you enter a point symbol in order to skip the prompt for additional text.
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5 Click Height and enter 0 for the height of the first point. 6 Set the other parameters as shown below:
7 Click the Toggle and define the text parameters as shown below:
This defines the text size for the label of the grid points. 8 Click the Toggle again to confirm the settings. 9 Click in the workspace with the right mouse button and choose Point Entry Options on the shortcut menu. Switch to the Snap Points tab and check the Gridpoint box.
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10 In the lower border of the viewport, click Reduce View and place the first point symbol on a grid point at top left (see illustration below). 11 Place the other points as shown below (construction lines, point labels and the numbers of the axes are visible in this illustration to help you place the point symbols; this information is not displayed on your screen). On the Point Symbol Context toolbar, assign the height given below to each point symbol. You do not need to change the other parameters.
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Note: When creating points, make sure that you always use point numbers so that the cut and fill can be calculated later.
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In Divide Element, Station Element and Perpendicular Through Station, the point numbers can be defined using Point symbol definition (on the shortcut menu when entering points).
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Primary point number It represents the constant part of the point number. Entering 0 will set this off, i.e., no primary point number is used. In site plan-specific Point symbol definition, the primary point number can be transferred automatically from an existing location Perpendicular Through line number (for example, when using Station). In order for the number to be transferred automatically, the name of the composite element must include an encrypted number beginning with #N. Example: The name Location Line #123 used for a composite element generates the primary point number 123. When automatically transferring the number, the option for manually setting the number is unavailable. Secondary point number It represents the dynamic part of the point number; this value will increase with each consecutive point. Enter 0 to switch this off. Perpendicular through Station, the secondary point number In is transferred automatically from the reference element for composite elements.
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In your daily work, you often need to add points to an existing digital terrain model. First you will place the points using the
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Point Symbol tool and then you will integrate them into the model. Allplan will automatically optimize the digital terrain model.
2 Click Point Symbol (Advanced Draft flyout). The Context toolbar should look like this:
If you have just entered the point symbols, the parameters set are still correct. Otherwise, set the parameters as described in Task 1: placing point symbols (on page 57). 3 Place the two points as shown below. The height of the points is important:
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The next step is to integrate these two points into the digital terrain model.
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3 Click
4 In the Input options, click Optimize. 5 Select the two new grid points.
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Meshing is based on the principle of achieving a "minimum total of triangle sides". 6 Press ESC to quit the Mesh/Optimize Grid tool.
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To enter a breakline
1 Click Breakline (Digital Terrain Model flyout). 2 Click the DTM in which you want to create a breakline. Tip: Define the color used to display the breakline in the module's Options. 3 Click the first point of the breakline (see below). 4 Click the second point of the breakline (see below). 5 Press ESC twice to finish entering points and to quit the Breakline tool.
Note: Two additional tools are provided for editing digital terrain models:
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Exterior Boundary: You can use this tool to create a new exterior boundary for the DTM. The exterior boundary defines the area of a DTM within which Allplan will perform calculations, apply labeling and update data automatically. Cutaway: You can use this tool to insert cutaways in a DTM. Contour lines, elevation points and labels are not displayed within these regions.
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Next, you will label the contour lines. In detail, the points of intersection between contour lines and a contour gradient that you
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will enter are labeled. The location of the contour line labels and the number of decimal places are defined in the module's Options.
6 Press ESC twice to finish entering the contour lines and to quit Label Triangles, Contours, Points.
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Now you will label the grid points. The font size depends on the settings in Point Symbol.
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To increase the smoothing factor and the number of decimal places for contour lines
1 Click Modify DTM (Digital Terrain Model flyout). 2 Click the DTM you want to modify. 3 On the Context toolbar, click Factor and set the smoothing factor to 10. 4 Click Point and set the point label type to H + No (height + number). 5 Click Decim. and set the decimal places in contour line labels to 1.
6 Click OK to confirm the settings. The contour lines adapt accordingly. Your drawing should now look like this:
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As you can see, the contour line labels also update automatically. 7 Press ESC to quit the Modify DTM tool.
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To create a 3D element
1 In the Tools palette, select the the 3D Modeling module. 2 On the Window menu, click 3 Click Bonus Tools family and open 3 Viewports.
4 In plan view, specify the corner of the first box (see below). 5 Enter the following values: X coordinate: 6 Y coordinate: 4 Z coordinate: 3 6 In isometric view, define the start point of the second box (see below). 7 Enter the following values: X coordinate: 2 Y coordinate: 2 Z coordinate: 1 8 Press ESC to quit the Box tool. Your drawing should now look like this:
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3D elements are always raised segment by segment; in other words, every individual segment is raised to the height given. The two boxes need to be combined into one entity group to ensure that their height settings are retained. Otherwise, the position of the two boxes relative to one another would change.
4 In the dialog box, deactivate all check boxes except for Group number and click OK to confirm. 5 Click the other box in plan view. Now both boxes have the same group number. 6 Press ESC to quit Modify Format Properties.
3D elements can be raised to the minimum, maximum or mean height. You can also enter a constant height. This exercise uses the
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mean height. To determine this value, Allplan calculates the height of the element in all its corners.
To raise 3D elements
1 In the Tools palette, select the Digital Terrain Model module. 2 Click Geo family and open the
3 Click the DTM. 4 Select the two boxes by clicking them with the middle and then left mouse button. This selects the entire group. Make sure that plan view is active when you click the two boxes. 5 In the Input options, click Mean to raise the 3D element to a mean height. The following illustration shows the effects of the Min, Max and Mean options.
Min
Max
Mean
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Although you have raised the 3D element to the mean height of the terrain, it is still not possible to see how the height calculated by Allplan and the actual terrain heights behave in the building area. To achieve this, you will create a cutaway around the 3D element. Before you do this, however, you need to mesh the corners of the element with the DTM.
2 Click the DTM. 3 Click Polyline in the Input options. 4 Click the 3D element. Points are meshed with the DTM and interpolated to terrain height at the corners of the element. The DTM should now look like this in plan view:
4 2
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Edge of building
Cutaway
You can see, for example, that the building corner at top left is above the height of the terrain. You can use Raise 3D Elements to lower it. 4 Press ESC to quit the 5 Set the view to Cutaway tool.
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Overview of exercises
Allplan 2009
Overview of exercises
Exercise 5: importing DTM files
Import data of points and composite elements into the user's data exchange directory Import files to the current drawing file
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Overview of exercises
Allplan 2009
Exercise 9: slope
Create a slope
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Downloading data
You can download the data required for the exercises in this guide from Nemetschek's Serviceplus Portal at http://serviceplus.nemetschek.de Use your customer number and email address to register. Registration is free and not subject to any conditions. Within 5-10 minutes you will have access to some areas of Nemetschek's Serviceplus Portal. To download the data used in our step-by-step guides, go to http://serviceplus.nemetschek.de - portal - enter your customer details - homepage - library. You will find data for earlier versions in the library's "archives". Navigate to Allplan 2009 - Step by Step. You will find the relevant data and the latest version of this document as a PDF file. Open the file and copy all data to any folder (C:\data\allgeo, for example). Note: As a Serviceplus customer, you will find more step-by-step guides on Nemetschek products in the library. It usually takes one to two working days until you can download these documents. This service is available to Serviceplus customers only. For general information on Serviceplus, go to http://www.nemetschek.de/serviceplus
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3 A dialog box opens. Determine the folder into which the files are to be imported.
4 As the point files are to be copied to a subfolder, select User exchange folder and click OK to confirm. The Browse for Folder dialog box opens where Allplan prompts you to specify the source of the data.
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5 Select the folder with the data (e.g. C:\data\allgeo) and click OK to confirm. If you use this step-by-step guide as a PDF file on CD, insert the CD in the appropriate drive and then navigate to this drive: <CD drive letter e.g. E>:\DATA\ALLGEO Click OK to confirm. 6 The Multi-select dialog box appears.
7 Click allgeo.re1 and wegachse.re1 and click OK to confirm. The files are imported into the users data exchange folder ...\Allplan\Usr\Local\i_o.
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The next step is to import the terrain model onto a separate drawing file. In advance you determine in Point Symbol which parameters are to be assigned to the points (symbol, text, size, etc.) to be imported.
6 Press ESC to quit the Tip: As an alternative to the Services application, you can also import the files (for the DTM and the road location line) into the users data exchange folder by clicking the Import button.
8 Set the following parameters on the Context toolbar: F Type: Coor F (coordinate file) F Ext: re1 I/O: I File (input file) Set the other parameters as shown.
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9 Click Apply to confirm the settings. A dialog box opens in which all files with the filename extension re1 in the user folder are listed. 10 Choose the allgeo file. The file is imported to the current drawing file. 11 Press ESC to quit the Tip: If you want to label points you have already imported at a later stage: 1. Create a coordinate file from the points you want to label (in File Interface). 2. Delete the points on the drawing file or switch to a different drawing file (otherwise the points exist twice). 3. Select the desired text (in Point Symbol). 4. Import the points again. File Interface tool. Refresh to display
12 In the lower border of the viewport, click all the points. Your drawing should now look like this:
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As the original terrain is required for subsequent cut and fill calculations, copy the imported model to another drawing file. 4 On the File menu, click Documents.... Copy/Move Elements between
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5 The Across documents dialog box opens. Select the Copy option and click OK to confirm.
6 Select file 25 and click OK to confirm. 7 In the Input options, click All or double-click with the right mouse button in the workspace to address all the elements in the drawing file. The Copy/Move Elements between Documents tool closes automatically. 8 To import the file with the road location line, click File Interface (Digital Terrain Model flyout). 9 On the Context toolbar, click F Type, select Composite element and click Apply to confirm the settings. 10 Select the file called wegachse. The result should look like this (the illustration shows the road location line highlighted):
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If the Dsp Ce parameter in Modify Composite Element is set to Yes and Color stands for pen in Show/Hide (Standard toolbar) is off during import, the composite element is displayed with different colors.
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The next step is to define a profile section through the terrain. The imported road location line will serve as the bearer element. Based on this profile section, you will then generate an extract and draw the gradient.
4 Click in the workspace with the right mouse button and choose Point Entry Options on the shortcut menu. Switch to the Snap Points tab and deactivate the Gridpoint box. 5 Click the road location line to define the section line. Tip: If you have not clicked the road location line exactly, an orthogonal section line is created. Press ESC to quit the Undo tool, click (Standard toolbar), zoom in on the DTM and start once again!
5 2
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6 Press ESC to quit the Profile Section tool. The road location line is stationed at the points where it intersects the grid lines.
Now you will create an extract and place it below the DTM.
To place an extract
1 Click Activate Profile Section (Digital Terrain Model flyout). 2 Click the profile section. Note: If the warning Define Pattern Line first! appears when you click the profile section, select Pattern Line Settings (Format toolbar), choose any pattern line and click OK to confirm. 3 Set the following parameters on the Context toolbar:
Note: Make sure that the Aspect parameter is set to 1. 4 Place the extract below the DTM. 5 Press ESC to quit the Activate Profile Section tool. The extract should look like this:
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1 Click Delete incl. Contours and Elevation Points (Tools palette, Change area). 2 To delete the profile section only, use a filter. On the Filter Assistant toolbar, click Filter by DTM Element Type (Filter by Element Type flyout):
3 Select Profile section and click OK to confirm. 4 Use the left mouse button to open a selection rectangle around the entire profile section.
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AAA BBB
Station
Height lines without skew
Several different profiles in an extract What is important when creating the profile sections is the stationing of the individual profiles. For the profile section to be displayed without breaks, the end station of the first profile section must match the start station of the second profile section. Example: activating a transverse profile and a longitudinal profile The end station of the first (transverse) profile is 1.3 m. Consequently, the first station of the second (longitudinal) profile must also be 1.3. Therefore, the second element must be a composite element as a station origin can only be defined here.
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Ref. height
Total sum of horizons with consecutive stations
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To draw a gradient
Tip: On the Format toolbar, select a different color for the spline so that it is clearly visible. 1 Click Connecting Spline (Advanced Draft flyout). 2 Draw the spline in the extract. Note the sequence (points 1 to 5) in which you enter the spline (see below). To ensure that the length and the direction of the gradient coincide with the length and direction of the road line, click the left start point of the extract (1) to define the starting point of the spline and click the right end point of the extract (5) to define the end point of the spline.
3 Press ESC to finish creating the spline. 4 Click No to answer the following questions: Connection in start point and Connection in end point.
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5 Press ESC to quit Connecting Spline. The following should now be displayed on your screen:
Gradient defined as spline
Now you will station the road location line. This way, you define the polygonization of the road, the points for exactly transferring the height from the gradient and the location of transverse profiles you will create later. Tip: If you have created or imported a gradient that has the wrong direction, change the direction of the composite element before you station it (with Lb Dir in Modify Composite Element).
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In the next step, you will use Modify Point Symbol Height to adjust the road location line to the gradient. The stationing points will be raised or lowered to the height of the gradient.
4 Enter -3.993 for the reference height (as specified in the extract). The road location line is adjusted to the height of the gradient at the stationing points. 5 Press ESC to quit the Modify Point Symbol Height tool.
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3 In the Input options, click Tors (torsion trace). 4 Click the road location line. 5 Enter the value 1. This value defines how many units of length are used to display a torsion of 1%. 6 Enter the speed: 40. 7 Place the torsion trace below the extract. The torsion for the right roadside is displayed as a dashed line; the one for the left roadside as a continuous line.
A = Torsion for left roadside B = Torsion for right roadside 8 Press ESC to quit the
Label tool.
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Now, you will create the roadsides as parallel lines to the road location line at a distance of 3.5 m.
2 Create the parallel lines at a distance of 3.5 m from the road location line. Your drawing should now look like this:
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Next, you will station the roadsides by dropping a perpendicular from the stationing points of the road location line to the roadsides. The transverse slope of the road is computed from the torsion trace created beforehand; Allplan automatically calculates the height values for the roadsides.
2 Click the road location line. 3 Click the torsion trace (see below). 4 Click the torsion trace for the roadside on the left (which is represented by a continuous line).
4 6
5 Click the roadside on the left.
5 6
6 Repeat steps 2 to 5 for the other roadside. Click the torsion trace for the right roadside (which is represented by a dashed line). 7 Press ESC to quit the
Perpendicular through Station tool.
3 Viewports (with zoom; 8 We recommend working with display of grid points and triangular lines is deactivated) to look at the new points:
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Exercise 9: slope
The following exercise shows how to create a slope.
To create a slope
1 Click
Slope (Digital Terrain Model flyout).
2 Click the DTM. 3 Click the roadside on the left (see below) to define the first element of the slope. Make sure that you do not click the element near a stationing point. 4 Confirm the following prompts displayed in the dialog line: From Point/Station 0.0 and To Point/Station 364.375. 5 Click the roadside on the right (see below) to define the second element of the slope. 6 Do not confirm the prompts in the dialog line. Click the end point of the right roadside (see below). 7 Click the start point of the right roadside.
3 7
This illustration does not show the grid lines and points so that you can see better.
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Tip: If you want to define different inclinations, enter the station to which the inclination is to apply at step 10, then define a new inclination, enter the station to which this inclination is to apply and so on.
8 Press ESC to finish entering the outline of the slope. The polyline closes automatically. 9 Enter the parameters for the slope: Incl: 1:x Cut: 1.000 Fill: 1.500
10 As you do not want to define several sloping regions with different angles, confirm the prompt displayed in the dialog line. The slope is created. Your drawing should now look like this:
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Tip: If the points clicked are part of both DTMs, the DTM in the drawing file open in edit mode automatically serves as the original DTM and the DTM in the current drawing file as the edited DTM.
4 Click the first DTM (which is to serve as the original DTM). 5 Select drawing file 23. Allplan will place the prism drawing for the original DTM in this file. 6 Click the second DTM. 7 Select drawing file 22. Allplan will place the prism drawing for the edited DTM in this file. Allplan starts to compute the cut and fill. The lists (coordinate list, prism list, results etc.) are displayed one after the other on screen.
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8 To check the calculations, open one of the two drawing files (e.g. 22) and label the triangles (prisms) and points using Label Triangles, Contours, Points.
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In this exercise, you will copy the file provided with this guide into the user's data exchange folder and import it to the current drawing file. The file is a user-defined ASCII-format file. As this is not a standardized format, you need to find out first which data (X, Y, Z,...) is displayed in which column of the file. Import the file just to run a test and have the contents of the file displayed.
4 Set the following parameters on the Context toolbar: F Type: Coor F (coordinate file) F Ext: ".asc" (free ASCII format) I/O: I File (input file) Show: View Set the other parameters as shown.
5 Click the Import button, select the folder with the data you imported in unit 3 (e.g. C:\data\allgeo), or, if you use this step-by-step guide as a PDF file on CD, navigate to the appropriate drive <CD drive letter e.g. E>:\DATA\ALLGEO and open the offset file. The file is imported into the user's data exchange folder. 6 Click Apply to confirm the settings. A dialog box opens in which all files with the filename extension asc in the user folder are listed.
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7 Click the offset file. The file is imported to the current drawing file.
Tip: You can have the contents of the file also displayed in any ASCII editor (e.g. notepad).
8 As you have set the Show parameter to View, the contents of the file are displayed.
9 The column numbers are displayed in the title line. You can see that
the point number starts in column 12 and has eight digits. the X value (in country coordinates; it is the Y value in Allplan 2009) begins in column 20 and has seven leading digits and three decimal places.
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the Y value (in country coordinates; it is the X value in Allplan 2009) begins in column 32 and has seven leading digits and three decimal places. the Z value begins in column 50 and has one leading digit and three decimal places (in this example, the Z value of all points is set to 0). the code assignment begins in column 61 (in this example, the code of all points is set to 0).
You will use this information to set this format in the Terrain Model module's Options at a later stage. 10 Click
Undo (Standard toolbar).
Digital
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Now you will use the Digital Terrain Model module's Options to define the format of the file to be imported. In detail, you will specify the columns where the point number and the X, Y and Z coordinates start and set the number of leading digits and decimal places for the coordinates. As in the national coordinate system, the X axis points up and the Y axis to the right (in contrast to the mathematical coordinate system which is used in Allplan 2009), you need to interchange the X and Y axes.
3 Set the offset as shown below. It is best to enter the same offset values for all the points. By doing so, all the points are imported to the same quadrant. As the X and Y axes are interchanged, set the offset in X direction to 1510000.000 and in Y direction to 1300000.000.
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Another dialog box opens in which you can define the format of the point file. Enter the values as shown below:
Bear in mind that the column numbers for the X and Y coordinates are interchanged. 5 Confirm the settings and the Digital Terrain Model Options dialog box by clicking OK.
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3 Click Apply to confirm the settings. A dialog box opens in which all files with the filename extension asc in the user folder are listed. 4 Click the offset file. The file is imported to the current drawing file. 5 Press ESC to quit the
File Interface tool. Refresh to display
6 In the lower border of the viewport, click all the points. Your drawing should now look like this:
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Tip: You can activate the Coordinate Tracking toolbar on the View menu under Toolbars.
7 To check whether the coordinates have been imported correctly, move the crosshairs onto the points. The coordinates are displayed on the Coordinate Tracking toolbar.
Digital Terrain Model Deactivate the Offset option in the module's Options. Now the X coordinates have to be between approximately 1,000 and 2,900 and the Y coordinates between approximately 550 and 2,400. Make sure that you activate Offset again before you export the data.
Note: Take advantage of the Optimize working with large coordinates option on the Miscellaneous tab in the Global Options. This option produces more detailed results when you work with elements that are far from the global point (origin).
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Appendix
This appendix includes an example showing you how to create a bridge construction based on a road you have already designed. You will use the Bridge and Civil Engineering Component tool in the 3D Modeling module to match the existing route and define the cross-sections at the relevant station points. Allplan 2009 will then create a 3D object from this data.
Bridge construction
A linear path and at least one cross-section must exist before you can create a 3D object. You can create or import this path, which is defined by individual stationing points, using the Bridge and Civil Engineering Component tool. The required cross-sections can also be defined in this tool or you can retrieve them from symbol catalogs. All cross-sections must have the same number of points. You do not need to enter a cross-section for each stationing point. Allplan automatically uses the existing stationing to determine the missing cross-sections by interpolation.
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Bridge cross-section
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5 Click Bridge and Civil Engineering Component (Tools palette, Create area). 6 Click
Import Route on the Route toolbar or File menu.
7 Click Browse, select the folder with the data you imported in unit 3 (e.g. C:\data\allgeo), or, if you use this step-by-step guide as a PDF file on CD, navigate to the appropriate drive <CD drive letter, e.g. E>:\DATA\ALLGEO and open the bruecke file. 8 The Create station points automatically option is active and the spacing between stations is set to 25 m. Do not change these settings. Specify where you want to insert the route in the tree structure and enter a name for it. The Import profile section of route option lets you import a gradient. However, you will not use it here. The bridge is to have a constant longitudinal slope of 2 %.
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9 Click OK to import the route. Allplan imports four route sections and creates ten stations. 10 As the points are part of a defined route, you can only change the Z coordinate and the Rise angle. To check the data, select a station point and click Edit Station Point on the Station toolbar or Edit menu.
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2 Select the Route Profile tab and deactivate the Define route profile manually option. 3 Enter 900.413648 (top level of road surface) for the elevation spec in the current station point - Point1 - (current station point). 4 The constant longitudinal slope of 2 % results in an angle of -1.145763 degrees. Enter this value for the Rise angle.
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If you do not know the slope or it is not constant, you can also define the longitudinal slope by specifying the height of individual station points. It may be necessary to add station points using New Station Point. In the section that follows you will define the longitudinal slope by specifying the elevation spec of Point10.
3 Select station point 10 and click the Route toolbar or Edit menu.
4 Activate the Height option and enter the value 897.513648 for the absolute height (top level of road surface). The rise angle specified beforehand is entered.
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As the cross-section is symmetrical, all you need to do is enter the values for the left-hand side and the slopes as shown below. Then you will apply these values to the cross-section's right-hand side.
Tip: As an alternative to TAB and Shift-TAB, you can also use the Page Up and Page Down keys to toggle between the data entry boxes.
3 Click the top left measurement of the cantilever, enter values in the unit of length set and use the TAB key to switch to the next data entry box. 4 Click the measurement of the box girder's left side, enter values in the unit of length set and use the TAB key to switch to the next data entry box. 5 Click the icon on the left, keep the mouse button pressed icon on the right. Now you down and drag the cursor to the can release the mouse button again.
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After having defined the bridge cross-section, you will now define the caps as separate cross-sections.
3 The coordinates of cross-section point 11 are used for the first point. Click OK to confirm the values.
4 Click in the graphics area above cross-section point 11. The coordinates of the point clicked are displayed. 5 Select the Delta option and enter the following values: X = 0.00, Y = 0.15
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6 Define the other four corners one after the other. To do this, click roughly where you want to place each corner and adjust the delta values in the dialog box: Point 3 Point 4 Point 5 Point 6
Point 3
Point 4
Point 5
7 Right-click in the graphics area to finish entering the cross-section. 8 Use the same approach to create the cap on the right. The reference point is point 9 of the bridge cross-section.
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9 Click route.
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As you cannot use the entry dialog box to modify cross-sections calculated by Allplan, you will leave the cross-section as it is and use it for the transition between the arc and the clothoid at pier 2. Then you will modify the transverse slope of the cross-section in the area of the spiral clothoid.
To modify cross-sections
1 Select station point 3 and click Insert Active Cross-Section on the Cross-Section toolbar or Edit menu. 2 Select station point 6 again and click on the Station toolbar or Edit menu.
Define Reference Point
As the first point of the bridge cross-section is at top left, place the reference point there. 3 Select the first option. Point 1 serves as the reference point. Leave this setting unchanged.
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The entry dialog box of the defined bridge cross-section is displayed. 7 Change the transverse slopes of the road to 0 % and click OK to confirm.
As a result, the position of the cap on the right is too high and needs to be reduced by a value of 8.50 * 5 % = 0.425. 8 Select cross-section point 6 of cross-section 3 and click Modify Point on the Cross-Section toolbar or Edit menu.
10 Use the same approach to change the Y coordinates of the other points to the following values: Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 Point 4 Point 5 Y = 0.00 Y = -0.2625 Y = -0.2925 Y = 0.2075 Y = 0.0775
Note: Make sure that you modify the points in the correct sequence. If these modifications produce interlaced areas, the number of points will change.
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11 Click
For defining the bridge cross-section at the transition between the clothoid and the arc at the north abutment, you will use the option of matching dimensions you have already entered.
5 Create the two caps as additional cross-sections as described in Save and Exit. "Task 2: entering cross-sections". Then click
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2 Activate the first option if it isn't active and select point 10 as the reference point.
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3 Make sure that Applies to all station points is active and click OK to define the reference point. 4 Click menu.
General Properties on the Standard toolbar or Edit
5 Select the Route tab and enter the value 10 m for Regular spacing between station points.
6 Click OK to create the new station points. 7 Enter a name for the route and Save it. This way, you can open the route in the Bridge and Civil Engineering Component tool at any time.
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Now you have entered all the information you need to create the 3D object. Finally, you will export the data to Allplan 2009.
Global point is active in the dialog line: In Allplan 2009, Global X coordinate = Global Y coordinate = Global Z coordinate = 0.000.
3 Exit the Bridge and Civil Engineering Component tool. In 2 + 1 Animation Window (Window Allplan 2009, click menu). Now the bridge construction looks like this (elevation view as a hidden line image, display in animation modified):
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Index
3
3D elements, raising 77
C
checking element data 22 combining elements to produce a composite element 21 composite element 21, 37 computing cut and fill 113 connecting by filleting 47 contour lines 72 decimal places 75 labeling 72 smoothing factor 75 creating a DTM 64, 94 creating a grid 64, 94 creating a profile section 97 creating individual elements 17 cutaway 70
A
activating a profile section 98 adding elements to DTM 67 adding grid points 64 adjusting road location line to gradient 106 assigning point numbers 62
B
basic settings 9 input options 9 pen thickness and linetype 9 reference scale 9 toolbars 9 unit of length 9 breakline 70 bridge construction 125 bridge/civil engineering component additional cross-sections 134 defining bridge cross-section 132 defining the longitudinal slope using elevation specifications 131 defining the longitudinal slope using the rise angle 130 exporting route 142 importing route 128 matching a cross-section 137 modifying a cross-section 137 modifying spacing between station points 140 modifying the reference point 140 retrieving bridge cross-section from database 139
D
data exchange folder 90 data on Internet 88 decimal places for contour line labels 75 defining labels 24, 38 deleting a profile 100 digital terrain model 50 adding 64 creating 64, 94 drawing contour lines 72 entering a breakline 70 importing 89 meshing elements 67 modifying 75 optimizing 68 options 54 representation 54 direction of stationing 29 displaying DTM elements 54 drawing gradients 104
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E
element parameters 17 entity group 79 examples of stationing 30 exterior boundary 70
F
filleting 47
G
grid 57
placing point symbols in a grid 58 placing points 57 placing points in a grid 58 point number primary point number 62 secondary point number 62 primary point number 62 project creating 6
R
raising 3D elements 77 reference points default station 29 reference scale 9
I
importing a DTM 89 importing files 92 importing files into data exchange folder 90 input options 9
S
secondary point number 62 site plan 11 assigning point numbers 62 composite element 21 creating individual elements 17 options 14 secondary point number 62 slope 111 smoothing factor 75 sources of information training, coaching and project support 5 speed 107 spline 104 stations reference point 29 stationing direction 29 examples 30 reference point 29 reference points default station 29 stationing roadsides 109 stationing the location line 27
L
labeling defining 24, 38 performing 26 labeling contour lines 72 linetype 9 listing elements 22 listing individual elements 22
M
meshing elements with DTM 67 meshing, optimizing grid 64, 94 modifying a DTM 75 modifying point symbol height 106
O
offset 120 optimizing a DTM 64, 68 options digital terrain model 54 site plan 14
P
parallel lines 23, 37, 108 pen thickness 9 perpendicular through station 109 placing point symbols 57
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T
toolbars landscaping/urban planning 9 torsion trace 107 track tracing 10 transverse slop 109
U
unit 9 unit of length 9
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