MAILAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE MAILAM 604 304

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

ME 2209 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY MANUAL

NAME ROLL NO. CLASS YEAR / SEM

: : : : B.E. / Mechanical - B II Yr / III Sem

SYLLABUS
ME 2209 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Load test on DC Shunt & DC Series motor 2. O.C.C & Load characteristics of DC Shunt and DC Series generator 3. Speed control of DC shunt motor 4. Load test on single-phase transformer 5. O.C & S.C Test on a single-phase transformer 6. Regulation of an alternator by EMF & MMF methods 7. V curves and inverted V curves of synchronous Motor 8. Load test on three-phase squirrel cage Induction motor 9. Speed control of three phase slip ring Induction Motor 10. Load test on single phase Induction Motor 11. Study of DC & AC Starters

CYCLE - 1
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Load test on DC Shunt motor Load test on DC Series motor O.C.C & Load characteristics of DC Shunt generator Speed control of DC shunt motor Load test on single-phase transformer O.C & S.C Test on a single-phase transformer

CYCLE - 2
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Regulation of an alternator by EMF & MMF methods V curves and inverted V curves of synchronous Motor Load test on three-phase squirrel cage Induction motor Speed control of three phase slip ring Induction Motor Load test on single phase Induction Motor Study of DC & AC Starters

INDEX
EX. NO. DATE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT MARKS SIGNATURE

Ex. No.

LOAD TEST ON DC SHUNT MOTOR

Aim: To conduct the load test on DC shunt motor and draw the performance characteristics. Apparatus Required: S.No. Apparatus Range Quantity

Name plate details:

Fuse Rating: Fuse Rating = 125% of rated current Formulae used: 1. Input power Pi = (V I) Watts; V- Input voltage (Volts) I- Input current (Amps.) 2. Torque, T = [R (S1-S2) 9.81] N-m R-Radius of brake drum in meters S1, S2 tensions of the belt 3. Output power =
2 N T (watts) 60 N- Speed of the motor in rpm

4.

% Efficiency =

Output power 100 Input power

Precautions: 1. The DPST switch must be kept at open position. 2. Make sure that the starter handle is in OFF position. 3. The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position at the time of starting. 4. At the time of starting, there should not be any load connected to motor. 5. While running on load, the brake drum is cooled by pouring water inside the brake drum. Theory: The shunt motor has a definite no load speed hence it does not run away when load is suddenly thrown off provided the field circuit remains closed. The drop in speed from noload to full load is small hence this motor is usual referred to a constant speed motor. The efficiency curve is usually of the same shape for all electric motors and generators. The shape of efficiency curve and the point of maximum efficiency can be varied considerable by the designer, though it is advantageous to have an efficiency curve which is fairly flat. So that there is little change in efficiency between load and 25% overload and to have the maximum efficiency as near to the full load as possible. From the curves it is observed that is certain value of current is required even when output is zero. The motor input under no-load conditions goes to meet the various losses, occurring within the machine. As compared to other motors a shunt motor is said to have a lowest starting torque. But this should not be taken off mean that is shunt motor is incapable of starting heavy load. Actually it means that series and compound motor as capable of starting heavy load with les excess of current inputs over normal values then the shunt motor and the consequently the depreciation on the motor will be relatively less. Procedure: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. The DPST switch is closed and the starter handle is slowly moved from OFF to ON position. 3. The machine is brought up to rated speed by adjusting the field rheostat after which its position is not changed. 4. The no load speed, no load current and no load voltage of the motor are noted. 5. The motor is gradually loaded by tightening the belt on the brake drum. 6. The motor is loaded in steps such that in each step, the load current is increased by 1 Amps. 7. In each step, all the meter readings and belt tensions are noted. Also, speed is measured using tachometer. 8. The motor is loaded upto 125% of full load current. 9. After completion of the experiment, the load on the motor is released by loosening the belt on the brake drum. 10. The motor is stopped by opening the DPST switch. 11. Calculations are made as shown in model calculations and various performance characteristic curves are drawn

Circuit diagram:
(0-30)A MC

30A

3-point Starter
L

D P S T
220V DC Supply

S1 185, 1.5A F1 A1

S2

S W I T C H

(0-300)V V mc

M
A2 F2
Brake Drum

30A

Model Graph:

Speed Speed, IL, % , IL % Torque

Output Power (W)

Tabulation: S. No. Input Voltage VI (V) Input Current II (A) S1 Kg S2 Kg Torque (Nm) Speed N(rpm) Output Power P0(W) Input Power Pi(W) % Efficiency

Model calculation: Circumference of the brake drum Radius of brake drum, R Torque, T Output power, P0 = = = = cm m [R (S1-S2) 9.81] N-m

2 N T (Watts) 60 V x I (Watts) Output power 100 Input power

Input power, Pi % Efficiency

= =

Result:

Ex. No.

LOAD TEST ON DC SERIES MOTOR

Aim: To conduct the load test on DC series motor and draw its performance characteristics. Apparatus Required: S.No. Apparatus Range Quantity

Name plate details:

Fuse Rating: Fuse Rating = 125% of rated current Formulae used: 1.Input power = (V I) Watts V- Input voltage (Volts) I- Input current (Amps.)

2.Torque, T = [R (S1-S2) 9.81] N-m R-Radius of brake drum in meters S1, S2 tensions of the belt 3.Output power = 2 N T (watts) 60 N- Speed of the motor in rpm

4. % Efficiency =

Output power 100 Input power

Precautions: 1. The DPST switch must be kept at open position. 2. Make sure that the starter handle is in OFF position. 3. The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position at the time of starting. 4. At the time of starting, there should not be any load connected to motor. 5. While running on load, the brake drum is cooled by pouring water inside the brake drum. Theory: The drop in speed with increased load is much prominent in series motor than in a shunt motor hence a series motor is not suitable for application requiring a substantially constant speed. For a given current input a starting torque developed by a series motor is greater than that developed by a shunt motor. Hence series motors are used where huge starting torques are necessary that means for cranes and traction purpose. In addition to huge starting torque there is another unique characteristic of series motor which makes this especially desirable for traction work that means when a load comes on a series motor it response by decreasing its speed and supplies the increased torque with a small increase in current. On the other hand a shunt motor under the same condition would hold its speed nearly constant and would supply the required increased torque with a large increase of input current.

Procedure: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. The DPST switch is closed and the starter handle is slowly moved from OFF to ON position. 3. The machine is brought up to rated speed by adjusting the field rheostat after which its position is not changed. 4. The no load speed, no load current and no load voltage of the motor are noted. 5. The motor is gradually loaded by tightening the belt on the brake drum. 6. The motor is loaded in steps such that in each step, the load current is increased by 1 A. 7. In each step, all the meter readings and belt tensions are noted. Also, speed is measured using tachometer. 8. The motor is loaded upto 125% of full load current. 9. After completion of the experiment, the load on the motor is released by loosening the belt on the brake drum. 10. The motor is stopped by opening the DPST switch. 11. Calculations are made as shown in model calculations and various performance characteristic curves are drawn.

Circuit diagram:
(0-30)A MC

30A D P S T S W I T 30A

2-point Starter A
L A

F1

F2 S1 A1 S2

220V DC S l

(0-300)V V MC

M
A2
Brake Drum

MODEL GRAPH

Speed Speed, IL, % , T IL % Torque

Output Power (W)

Tabulation:

S. No.

Input Voltage VI (V)

Input Current II (A)

S1 Kg

S2 Kg

Torque (Nm)

Speed N(rpm)

Output Power P0(W)

Input Power Pi(W)

% Efficiency

Model calculation:

Circumference of the brake drum Radius of brake drum, R Torque, T Output power, P0 Input power, Pi % Efficiency

= = = = = =

cm m [R (S1-S2) 9.81] N-m 2 N T (Watts) 60 V x I (Watts)

Output power 100 Input power

Result:

Ex. No.

OCC AND LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF A DC SHUNT GENERATOR

Aim: To determine the load characteristics and open circuit characteristics of a DC shunt generator. Apparatus Required: S.No. Apparatus Range Quantity

Name plate details: Generator Motor

Fuse Rating: Fuse Rating = 125% of rated current

Formulae: Eg = VL+ IaRa (V) Precautions: 1. All the switches are kept open initially. 2. Motor field rheostat must be kept at minimum resistance position. 3. Generator field rheostat must be kept at maximum resistance position. 4. The generator should be at no load at the time of starting.

Theory: A DC generator requires an excitation circuit to generate an induce voltage depending on whether excitation circuit consumes power for the armature of the machine or from separately require power supply. Generators may be classified as self excited or separately excited generators respectively.

The induced emf in DC generators is given by the equation PZN/60A volts. State P,Z,A are constants the above equation are written as Eg= KN. I f the speed of the generator also maintained constant then Eg = K but the flux is directly proportional to the current Hence Eg = K2If. From the above equation it is clear that the induced emf is directly propositional to the field current when speed maintained constant,. The plot between the induced emf and the field current is known as open circuit characteristics of the DC generator. The typical shape of the characteristics is shown in fig. The induced emf when the field current is zero is known as residual voltage. This emf is due to the presence of a small amount of flux detained. In the field poles of the generator called residual flux. Once the OCC is obtained parameters such as critical field resistance, critical speed and the maximum voltage to which the machine can build up can be determined. If required the OCC at a different speeds can also be obtained. .Critical speed is minimum speed below which the generator shunt fails to excite.
Procedure: Open Circuit Characteristics:

Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. Observing the precautions close the DPST switch. The motor is started with the help of three point starter. Adjust the field rheostat of the motor and make the motor to run at rated speed. Note down the corresponding field current and generating emf by varying the field rheostat of the generator. Load Characteristics:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Set the generator output at rated voltage. Close the DPST switch on the generator side. The No load reading is noted down The load is included on the generator side in steps and corresponding load voltages load currents and field currents are noted down. 5. The generator is loaded up to rated load current.
1. 2. 3. 4. Armature Resistance Test: 1. The connections are given as per the circuit diagram. 2. By varying the load rheostat the load voltage and the load current are determined. 3. Thus the armature resistance can be determined. Ra= Va / Ia.

Circuit Diagram:
O.C.C AND LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF DC SHUNT GENERATOR

3-point Starter
Fuse=30A
L

Fuse=30A

A
185, 1.5A D P S T (0-30)A mc 5KW, 230V, Resistive Loading

D P S T
230V DC Supply

185, 1.5A

F1

A1

A1

F1

S W I T C H

M
A2 F2 A2

G
F2

V
(0-300)V mc mc

A (0-2)A
Fuse=30A

S W I T C H

Fuse=30A

ARMATURE RESISTANCE TEST:

Fuse=30A
+

(0-10) A MC

A
MC

D P S T
230V DC Supply

A1

S W I T C H

(0-30)V G MC A2

Fuse=30A

1- 230V, 5KW Loading Rheostat

Model Graph

Eg

O.C characteristics Internal characteristics External characteristics

Residual Voltage

If (A), Ia (A)

Tabular column:
O.C.C Test

S. Field Current Induced Emf Eg (V) No. If(A)

Load Test

S. Load Current Load Voltage Field Current Armature current Induced Emf No. IL(A) VL(V) If (A) Ia (A) Eg (V)

Model calculation:

Result:

Ex. No.

SPEED CONTROL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR

Aim: To obtain the speed characteristics of DC shunt motor by field and armature control method. Apparatus Required: S.No. Apparatus Range Quantity

Name plate details:

Fuse Rating: Fuse Rating = 125% of rated current Precautions: 1. The DPST switch must be kept at open position. 2. Make sure that the starter handle is in OFF position. 3. The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position at the time of starting. 4. The armature rheostat should be kept at maximum resistance position. Theory:

Flux Control method: The speed of the DC motor is inversely propositional to the flux per pole, when the armature voltage is kept constant. By decreasing the flux the speed can be increased and vice versa. Hence the main flux of field control method the flux of a DC motor can be changed by changing field current with help of a shunt field rheostat. Since shunt field current is respectively small shunt field rheostat has to carry only a small amount of current which means I2R losses is small so that rheostat is small in size .This method is very efficient.

Armature Control method: This method is used when speed below the no load speed are required.As the supply voltage is normally constsnt the voltage across the armature is varied by inserting a variable rheostat in series with the armature circuit. As conductor resistance is increased potential difference across the armature is decreased, herby decreasing the armature speed. F or a load of constant torque speed is approximately propositional to the potential difference across the armature.
Procedure: Armature Control Method: 1. By adjusting the field rheostat, the field current is fixed at one constant value. 2. The armature voltage is varied in steps by varying the armature rheostat and corresponding motor speeds are noted. 3. This procedure is repeated for different field current and readings are tabulated. Field Control Method: 1. By adjusting the armature rheostat, the armature voltage is fixed at one constant value. 2. The field current is varied in steps by varying the field rheostat and corresponding motor speeds are noted. 3. This procedure is repeated for different armature voltage and readings are tabulated. Circuit Diagram:
SPEED CONTROL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR

Model Graph:
Armature control Field Control

Speed N (rpm)

If1

If2

If2 > If2 Speed N (rpm) Va2 Va1

Va1 > Va2

Armature Voltage Va (V)

Field Current If (A)

Tabular Column:
Armature Voltage Control Method:

S. No.

If1 = Armature Voltage Va (V)

(A) Speed N(rpm)

If2 = Armature Voltage Va (V)

(A) Speed N(rpm)

Field Control Method:

S. No.

Va1 = Field current If (A)

(V) Speed N(rpm)

Va2 = Field current If (A)

(V) Speed N(rpm)

Result:

Ex. No.

LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

Aim: To conduct load test on single phase transformer and to draw its efficiency and regulation. Apparatus Required: S.No. Apparatus Range Quantity

Name plate details:

Fuse Rating: Fuse Rating = 125% of rated current

Formulae used:
Wo 100 WI V VL 2. % Regulation = o 100 Vo where, WO - (VLIL) Output power (Watts) WI - Input power (Watts) VO - No load voltage (Volts) VL - Load voltage (Volts)

1. % Efficiency

Precautions: 1. All the switches are kept open initially. 2. Before giving supply, the autotransformer is kept at zero output voltage. 3. Initially no load should be connected on the secondary side of the transformer. Procedure:

Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. Supply is given by closing the DPST switch. The readings of Voltmeter, Ammeter and Wattmeter are noted for no load condition. Then the load is applied in steps and the corresponding voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter readings are noted down. 5. The load is applied upto rated secondary current. 6. Then Efficiency and Regulation in % are calculated and their related graphs are drawn.
1. 2. 3. 4. Circuit Diagram:
LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER 500V, 20A (0-5) A MI UPF Fuse=10A L M A
P

Fuse =20A

A
D P S T (0-20) A MI

D P S T
230V, 50Hz 1 Supply

MI

S W I T C H Fuse=10A

(0-300)V MI

(0-3 00) V MI

S W I T C H

1- 230V, 5KW Loading Rheostat

230V/115V 2KVA Transformer

Fuse =20A

N.L

MODEL GRAPH:

% % %Regulation %Regulation

Output Power (W)

Tabulation:

S. Load Voltage No (VL)

Load Current (IL)

Input power WI (W)

Output power WO (W)

%Efficiency

%Regulation

Model calculation:

Result:

Ex. No.

OPEN CIRCUIT AND SHORT CIRCUIT TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

Aim: To conduct open circuit and short circuit test on single phase transformer and to predetermine its efficiency. Apparatus Required: S.No. Apparatus Range Quantity

Name plate details:

Fuse Rating: Fuse Rating = 125% of rated current

Formulae used: To predetermine % efficiency

1. Power output=x * KVA rating * Cos (W) where x= fraction of load Cos = Power factor 2. Losses=WO+x2 WSC (W) where WO =open circuit power WSC =Short circuit power 3. Power input= power output +losses (W)

Output power 100 Input power 5. Equivalent Resistance referred to secondary R2e = Wsc/ Isc2 6. Equivalent Impedance referred to secondary Z2e = Vsc/ Isc
4. % Efficiency = 7. Equivalent Reactance referred to secondary X2e =
8. % Regulation (leading) =
I 2 R2 e cos I 2 X 2 e sin V2 + for lagging power factor loads and - for leading power factor loads

(Z

2 2e

R2 e

Precautions: 1. 2. 3. 4.

All the switches are kept open initially. Before giving supply, the autotransformer is kept at zero output voltage. Open circuit test must be carried out at rated voltage. Short circuit test must be carried out at rated current.

Theory:

The purpose this test is to determine no load loss or core loss and no load current I0 which is helpful in finding X0 and R0. One winding of the transformer whichever is convenient but usually HV winding is kept open and the other is connected to its supply of normal voltage and frequency. A wattmeter W, voltmeter and ammeter A are connected in the present case. With normal voltage applied to the primary normal flux will be set up in the cores hence normal iron losses will occur which are recorded by the wattmeter. As the primary no load current Io is small. Cu loss is negligibly small in primary. Hence the wattmeter reading represents the core loss under no load conditions. It should be noted that since I0 is very small, the pressure coils of wattmeter and the voltmeter are connected such that the current in these do not pass through the current coil of wattmeter.
Procedure: Open Circuit Test: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. For conducting open circuit test, the autotransformer is adjusted until the voltmeter reads the rated voltage (VO) of the primary, keeping the secondary terminals of the transformer open. 3. When the rated voltage is applied, the corresponding ammeter (IO) and wattmeter (WO) readings are noted. 4. The wattmeter reading (WO) is equal to the core loss of the transformer. 5. The parameters excited resistance (RO) and excited reactance (XO) are calculated.

Short Circuit Test: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. For conducting short circuit test, the autotransformer is adjusted until the ammeter reads the rated current (ISC) of the primary, keeping the secondary terminals of the transformer short circuited. 3. When full load current flows in the short circuited transformer, the corresponding voltmeter (VSC) and wattmeter (WSC) readings are noted. 4. The wattmeter reading (WSC) is equal to the full load copper loss of the transformer. 5. The parameters excited ZO1, RO1 & XO1 are calculated. 6. From above calculations, the efficiency of the transformer are calculated and the corresponding graphs are drawn. 7. Finally the equivalent circuit of the transformer is drawn.

Circuit diagram:
OPEN CIRCUIT TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRASFORMER

Fuse=10A
P

M C

L V 300V, 2A LPF

A
(0-2) A MI

D P S T
230V, 50Hz 1 Supply

S W I T C H Autotransformer 1KVA

(0-300)V MI

Fuse=10A

Transformer 230V/110V 2KVA

SHORT CIRCUIT TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRASFORMER (0-10) A MI Fuse=10A

P

M C

L V 75V, 10A UPF

D P S T
230V, 50Hz 1 Supply

S W I T C H Autotransformer 1KVA

(0-75)V MI

Fuse=10A

Transformer 230V/110V 2KVA

Model Graph

% % %Regulation %Regulation

Output Power (W)

Tabular Column: (i) Open circuit test:

Rated voltage =------------ (V) S. No. No load voltage VO(V) No load current IO(A) No load power WO(Watts) Reading Power

(ii) Short circuit test:

S. No.

Short circuit voltage VSC(V)

Short circuit current ISC(A)

Rated current =------------ (A) Short circuit power WO(Watts) Reading Power

(iii) Pre determination of % efficiency:

S. No.

Load x

Core Loss WO(W)

Copper Loss 2 x Wsc(W)

Total Loss

Output Power

Input Power

%Efficiency

(iii) Pre determination of % Regulation:

S. No. Power Factor cos

%Regulation Leading Lagging

Model calculation:

Result:

Ex. No.

REGULATION OF ALTERNATOR BY EMF AND MMF METHODS

Aim: To pre-determine the voltage regulation of an alternator by using EMF and MMF methods. Apparatus Required: S.No. Apparatus Range Quantity

Name plate details: Alternator Motor

Fuse Rating: DC motor = 125% of rated current Alternator = 125% of rated current Formulae used:

Eo V 100 V Where Eo = No load voltage V = Terminal voltage E 2. Synchronous Impedance, Zs = o () I sc Where Eo = No load voltage
1. % Regulation =

Isc = Short circuit current 3. Reff = 1.6 Ra Where Ra = Armature resistance (DC value) Reff = Effective resistance Synchronous Reactance, Xs = Z s Ra
2 2

4.

Where Xs = Synchronous Reactance Zs = Synchronous Impedance Ra = Armature resistance (DC value) 5.

(V cos + I a Ra ) 2 + (V sin I a X s) 2 Where + sign is used for lagging load sign is used for leading load
Eo =

Precautions: 1. The Motor field rheostat must be kept at the minimum resistance position at the time of starting. 2. The generator field rheostat must be kept at the maximum resistance position. 3. Three point starter should be kept at the off position initially. Procedure: Open Circuit Test: 1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram. 2. Close the DPST switch on the supply side. 3. The speed of DC motor is adjusted to rated speed by using the motor field rheostat. 4. Keeping the TPST switch open on alternator side vary the alternator field current in convenient steps till rated field current of alternator. 5. Note the corresponding values of alternator field current and alternator voltage. 6. Bring the alternator field rheostat to the original position. Short Circuit Test: 1. The same circuit is used. 2. The rotor TPST switch is closed. 3. The field current of the alternator is slowly increased from zero to the rated current of the alternator by adjusting the field rheostat of the alternator. 4. The field current corresponding to the rated current of the alternator is alone noted in tabular column. 5. Reduce the field current of the alternator to zero. 6. Now open all the switches. Armature resistance test: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. The control resistance is initially kept at either maximum resistance or open position. 3. Observing the precautions the DPST switch is closed 4. The readings of ammeter and voltmeter are noted. 5. The ratio of Va to Ia gives the value of armature resistance (Ra). Circuit diagram: Regulation of alternator by EMF and MMF method

Armature resistance test

Tabulation: Open circuit test S. No. Terminal Voltage VOC (V) Field Current If (A) Short circuit test S. No. Armature Current ISC (A) Field Current If (A)

Measurement of Stator Resistance S. No. Armature Voltage Va (V) Armature Current Ia (A) Armature Resistance Ra =Va/Ia ()

Ra =_____ EMF method: Eo Sin Cos 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 lagging leading lagging leading %Regulation

S. No.

Power factor

MMF method: S.No Power factor Cos Total field current No- load voltage, E0 Lagging pf phase % Regulation

Lagging pf 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Model calculation: EMF method:

Leading pf

Leading pf

Lagging pf

Leading pf

Reff = 1.6 Ra = 1.6 * ____ = Plot the OCC and SCC on common If Synchronous Impedance, Zs =

Eo () I sc
Z s Ra
2 2

Synchronous Reactance, Xs =

I - full load current V Ratede terminal voltage phase value Cos power factor No load induced emf Eo =

(V cos + I a Ra ) 2 + (V sin I a X s) 2

+ for lagging power factor load - for leading power factor load E V 100 % Regulation = o V

MMF method: If1 = field current corresponds to rated phase voltage from OCC If2 = field current corresponds to rated current from SCC Total field current If is If = If12 + If22 2 If1 If2 cos (90 )

Where + for lagging power factor load - for leading power factor load Read E0 - noload phase voltage from OCC curve corresponds to the total field current If calculated. % Regulation =

Eo V 100 V

Result:

Ex. No.

V AND INVERTED V CURVES OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

Aim: To draw the V and inverted V curves of synchronous motor. Apparatus Required: S.No. Apparatus Range Quantity

Name plate details:

Fuse Rating: Fuse rating = 125% of rated current Formulae used: Power P1 = W1 + W2 (Watts) Where W1 - Actual Wattmeter reading in R-phase W2 - Actual Wattmeter reading in B-phase Cos = P1 / ( 3 VL IL ) P1 - Power VL - Load voltage IL - Load current

Precaution:

Procedure: 1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram. 2. Supply is switched on by closing the TPST switch. 3. A very minimum field excitation is applied to the synchronous motor using the potential divider or field rheostat. 4. Gradually in cases the load from zero value to any minimum value and keep it constant throughout the experiment. 5. Vary the field excitation such that the load current ammeter reading decreases to a minimum value and once again increases. For every excitation note down corresponding readings of all the meters. 6. Decrease the field excitation and load to zero. 7. Switch off the supply. Load voltage VL (volts) W1 (watts) W2 (watts) P1 (watts) Cos

S.No

Field current If (A)

Load current IL (A)

Observed Actual Observed Actual reading reading reading reading

Model graph:

Circuit diagram:

Model Calculation:

Result:

Ex. No. LOAD TEST ON 3 - PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR Aim: To conduct the load test on 3 phase induction motor and draw the performance characteristics. Apparatus Required: S.No. Apparatus Range Quantity

Name plate details:

Fuse Rating: Fuse rating = 125% of rated current Formulae used: 1. Input power, Pi = (W1 + W2) watts; 2. Torque, T = [R (S1-S2) 9.81] N-m R-Radius of brake drum in meters S1, S2 tensions of the belt 3. Output power =
2 N T (watts) 60 N- Speed of the motor in rpm

Output power 100 Input power Ns N 5. % Slip = Ns Where Ns = Rated speed (rpm) Nr = Actual speed (rpm)

4.

% Efficiency =

W W2 6. Power factor = Cos tan 1 3 1 W1 + W2

Precautions: 1. The TPST switch must be kept at open position at the time of starting. 2. At the time of starting, there should not be any load connected to motor. 3. The Star-Delta starter must be in OFF position. Procedure: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. The TPST switch is closed and the motor is started using Star-Delta starter. 3. The No-Load meter readings and speed are noted. 4. The load is increased gradually and for each load, the corresponding readings and speed are noted. 5. The above procedure is repeated till the current reaches slightly above the rated current. 6. The load is reduced to zero and TPST switch is opened. Model Graph:

IL Power factor, IL, % , Torque, % slip Speed Power factor Speed %

Torque % slip

Output Power (W)

Tabulation: Input Power Pi(W) S. No. Load Voltage VL (V) Load Current IL (V) Speed N (rpm) Power Tension in belt T1 T2 T(Nm) T1~T2 Output Power P0(W) Power % factor Efficiency % Slip

W1

W2

Reading

Power

Reading

Circuit diagram: LOAD TEST ON 3 PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR

Model calculation:

Result : Thus the load test on 3 - phase induction motor was conducted and its various performance characteristics curves are drawn.

Ex. No. LOAD TEST ON SINGLE - PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR Aim: To conduct the load test on single - phase induction motor and to draw the performance characteristics. Apparatus Required: S.No. Apparatus Range Quantity

Name plate details:

Fuse Rating: Fuse rating = 125% of rated current Formulae used: 1. Input power = W (watts) 2. Torque, T = [R (S1-S2) 9.81] N-m R-Radius of brake drum in meters S1, S2 tensions of the belt 3. Output power =

2 N T (watts) 60 N- Speed of the motor in rpm

4. % Efficiency =

Output power 100 Input power

5. % Slip =

Ns N Ns Where Ns = Rated speed (rpm) Nr = Actual speed (rpm)

6. Power factor (Cos ) =

W VL I L Where VL Load Voltage IL Load current

Precautions:

1. The DPST switch must be kept at open position. 2. At the time of starting, there should not be any load connected to motor.
Procedure:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. The DPST switch is closed. 3. The autotransformer is adjusted to get rated voltage and corresponding no load readings are noted down. 4. Gradually increase the load and for each load the corresponding meter readings are tabulated.
Circuit diagram:

Tabulation:

S. No.

Load Voltage VL (V)

Load Current IL (A)

Input Power Pi(W) Reading Power

Speed N (rpm)

Tension in belt T1 T2 T(Nm)

Output Power P0(W)

Power factor

% Efficiency

% Slip

Model calculation:

Model Graph:

IL Power factor, IL, % , Torque, % slip Speed Power factor Speed %

Torque % slip

Output Power (W)

Result:

Thus the load test on single - phase induction motor was conducted and its various performance characteristics curves are drawn.