Protecting the environment today to sustain the environment for the future

Bulls Go Green and Gold (BGGG) Team

Kim DauResearcher, Writer, Editor John FernandezInterviewer, Writer Michael LatiniInterviewer, Writer Margaret McLeanEditor, Writer, Template Design, and Artwork

Professor Francis Tobienne, Jr.

Professional Writing ENC3250.797A11 College of Arts and Sciences 140 Seventh Avenue South, 33701 St. Petersburg, FL 33701

J UNE 24, 2011

CONTENTS
The Need for Green .................................................................................................................... 1 What is Sustainability? ............................................................................................................... 2 Turning Green ............................................................................................................................. 2 Early Environment ...................................................................................................................... 2 USF Gives Green a Try................................................................................................................. 3 The Office of Sustainability ......................................................................................................... 4 Institutional Initiatives ............................................................................................................... 6 Infrastructure .............................................................................................................................. 6 Operations .................................................................................................................................. 7 Management .............................................................................................................................. 8 Current Initiatives ....................................................................................................................... 9 Students ............................................................................................................................. 9 Designed Environment .................................................................................................... 11 Academics ........................................................................................................................ 11 Parking and Transportation ............................................................................................. 13 Procurement and Dining Services.................................................................................... 15 Making Sustainability Work ...................................................................................................... 15 USF Physical Plants .......................................................................................................... 15 Facilities Planning and Construction................................................................................ 15 For the Future ........................................................................................................................... 20 USF Gets Results ...................................................................................................................... 21 Impact of Going Green.............................................................................................................. 21 Benefits of Going Green............................................................................................................ 22 Outreach.................................................................................................................................. 22 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 24 Who to Contact ........................................................................................................................ 25 Works Cited ............................................................................................................................. 26 Annotated Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 28

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LIST OF FIGURES
List of Figures
Figure 1. Strong Sustainability Model ................................................................................................... 1 Figure 2. USF Tampa Entrance Sign ....................................................................................................... 1 Figure 3. World Natural Gas Consumption after World War II ............................................................. 2 Figure 4. Aerial View of USF in 1968 ..................................................................................................... 2 Figure 5. Original USF College of Business Administration ................................................................... 3 Figure 6. View of Campus Landscape after Trees Planted .................................................................... 4 Figure 7. USF 2007 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Report ........................................................................ 8 Figure 8. FLeX House Model ................................................................................................................ 10 Figure 9. Campus Recreation Green Bike Program ............................................................................. 13 Figure 10. MLK Plaza Walkway ............................................................................................................ 13 Figure 11. Bull Runner Shuttle ............................................................................................................ 13 Figure 12. USF Garbage/Recycling Truck ............................................................................................ 14 Figure 13. Solar Electric USF Postal Service Truck ............................................................................... 14 Figure 14. USF St. Petersburg LEED-Certified Science and Technology Building ................................ 16 Figure 15. USF Polytechnic Campus .................................................................................................... 16 Figure 16. Dr. Kiran C. Patel Center for Global Solutions .................................................................... 18 Figure 17. USF CAP CO2 Emission Forecast ......................................................................................... 20 Figure 18. USF St. Petersburg S.E.A.S. Harbor Clean Up Flyer ............................................................ 23 Figure 19. Aerial View of USF in 2009 ................................................................................................. 24

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Student Initiatives.................................................................................................................... 9 Table 2. Designed Environment Initiatives.......................................................................................... 11 Table 3. Academic Initiatives............................................................................................................... 11 Table 4. Transportation and Parking Initiatives .................................................................................. 14 Table 5. Procurement and Dining Services Initiatives ......................................................................... 15 Table 6. Physical Plant and FPC Initiatives .......................................................................................... 19

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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

Abbreviation or Acronym AASHE ACUPCC CAP CMP CO2 FLeX FPC IT LEED S.E.A.S. SEA STARS USF Definition Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment Climate Action Plan Campus Master Plan Carbon dioxide Florida zero energy prototype Facilities Planning and Construction Information Technology Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Student Environmental Awareness Society Student Environmental Association Sustainability Tracking Assessment & Rating System University of South Florida

THE NEED FOR GREEN

Advances in technology have allowed nations to develop worldwide at an ever-increasing pace. This rapid development is not without costsincreased demand for and resulting shortages of natural resources; growth in waste and waste disposal issues; raised levels of contamination of water, land, and air; and global warming. As a result, individuals, private organizations, and public institutions worldwide are going green by developing and implementing sustainability ideologies, practices, and programs. The methods used to achieve sustainability goals depend on the category. Individuals change habits and lifestyles. Private organizations and businesses develop sustainability initiatives, taking into account 1 Figure 1. Strong Sustainability Model the economics of sustainability, while maintaining focus on long-term shareholder and social values. Public institutions and governments implement green policies to satisfy present and future basic economic, social, and security needs. The methods, however, are by no means limited by category. Whether these goals are accomplished through the purchase of energy efficient and environmentally friendly products and recycling; analysis and modification of business systems and construction of green buildings; or integration of environmental, economic, and social values into policy, each category recognizes the need to sustain natural resources for present and future needs and protect the environment. Recognizing its sustainability needs, the University of South Florida (USF) developed a plan in 1995 to enhance it sustainability programs, and has since then, implemented institution-wide sustainability initiatives on all of its campuses. The information contained herein primarily describes the initiatives, impact and benefits, outreach, and future goals for the Tampa campus, but the initiatives are applicable to all USF campuses.

Figure 2. USF Tampa Entrance Sign

This model assumes that the economy only exists in the context of a society and that many important aspects of society do not involve economic activity. It also assumes human society and the economic activity associated with it are totally constrained by the natural systems of the planet.

WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY ?
Sustainability in terms of the environment is the ability to adapt, adjust, and endure challenges of the ever-changing environment. Environmental awareness is now a growing trend within government, businesses, and colleges and universities. Sustainability is a long-term approach to environmental protection and process improvements. Sustainable design prevents pollution from the start and calls for systems thinking that acknowledges the connections between the economy, the environment, and social responsibility. As the worlds population increases, it must embrace the planet and the resources it has to offer and think in terms of sustainability.

Turning Green
The green movement has taken shape since the 1830s when intellectuals began to publicly criticize institutions for their neglect to environmental awareness. Environmental awareness became apparent after the Second World War, mainly due to the rapid increase in the worlds population. Popular scientists began to investigate and draw attention to the rising demand of the planets natural gases. We have come a long way since then today, the green movement has become a lifestyle. Businesses have dedicated a large part of their budgets, and universities a large part of their endowments, to reducing their impacts on the environment.

Figure 3. World Natural Gas Consumption after World War II

Early Environment
The USF Tampa campus was built on land that first served as a hunting preserve, an orange grove, and then as the north end of Henderson Air Field during World War II. The land was cleared of trees to provide airspace for planes to take off and land. Upon completion, USFs large, widespread campus was austere, with sparse landscaping of sand, patches of grass, and scattered trees. One of our team members who attended USF in Figure 4. Aerial View of USF in 1968 the 1970s, remembers enduring lengthy walks in the blistering heat from the dormitory to classes.
University Center (now (site of the Marshall Student Center) Administration Building

Nainan Desai, assistant director of USFs Physical Plant, confirmed the campus conditions in an interview, saying In the early years, the campus had few trees. Those planted when the university was built were still young and small, so shade was a rare commodity. Students would rush from building to building, not lingering outside to chat with friends or relax between classes.

USF Gives Green a Try

USF pioneered its green movement in 1979 with the opening of the original bunkerstyled College of Business Administration building. Although a new business building has been constructed adjacent to the original, it is still in use and unique at USF in that two-thirds of it is underground, and it has a landscaped roof over the first floor. This building was the universitys first attempt to reduce its impact on the campus environment. Other early Figure 5. Original USF College of Business Administration initiatives included a recycling program in the 1980s and replacement of light bulbs with more energy efficient green lights in the 1990s. In 1995, USF, using the Environmental Protection Agencys Smart Growth principles, developed its Campus Master Plan (CMP) to improve its sustainable goals and practices on a university-wide basis, including outreach to the external university community.
Smart Growth Principles
Based on the experience of communities around the nation that have used smart growth approaches to create and maintain great neighborhoods, the Smart Growth Network developed a set of ten basic principles: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Mix land uses Take advantage of compact building design Create a range of housing opportunities and choices Create walkable neighborhoods Foster distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place Preserve open space, farmland, natural beauty, and critical environmental areas Strengthen and direct development towards existing communities Provide a variety of transportation choices Make development decisions predictable, fair, and cost effective Encourage community and stakeholder collaboration in development decisions

During the first ten years after implementation of the CMP, the university planted over 2,000 trees, operated a free off-campus biofueled shuttle system to reduce office campus traffic congestion, arranged free regional transportation for students, increased the number of on-campus residence halls, and constructed bike lanes and sidewalks to improve on- and off-campus pedestrian and bicycle access and safety. USF also enhanced it recycling program by providing recycling sites to everyone on campus and increasing the number of recycling containers in campus buildings.

USF had a history of expertise in the area of sustainability, but lacked a centralized base to coordinate the separate efforts. After identifying principal campus and community target areas for development and investment, Dr. Linda Whiteford was appointed Associate Vice President for Academic Affairs and Static Initiatives in 2007. Dr. Whiteford organized a campus-wide Figure 6. View of Campus Landscape after Trees Planted Steering Committee to focus on USFs green movement. The committee began an on-going Sustain-A-Bull campaign, involving USF, the Hillsborough County Planning Commission, and other organizations. It also was instrumental in obtaining the USF presidents approval to become a signatory of the American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment (ACUPCC) in April 2008 and become a Charter Participant of the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE). AASHE manages the system that rates and grades colleges sustainability programs. Dr. Whiteford is currently the Vice Provost for Academic Program Development and Review and directs the Global Academic Partners Program.

The Office of Sustainability

The Office of Sustainability was created in July 2009 to manage USFs climate impact assessment and reporting, as well as to serve as the single point of contact for sustainability programs and activities for the USF system. Dr. Christian Wells, currently the Deputy Director of the Patel School of Global Sustainability and Associate Professor of Anthropology, was hired as the inaugural Director of the Office of Sustainability on August 6, 2009. Under his direction, the Office developed and executed a combination of institutional and business sustainability initiatives, including changes to its infrastructure, operations, and management. These initiatives include: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) reducing greenhouse gas emissions coordinating environmental activities on campus coordinating educational and community-based initiatives on sustainability seeking and coordinating external funding for sustainability related campus activities coordinating external evaluations for campus sustainability
Images of Vice President Whiteford and Deputy Director Wells courtesy of the University of South Florida

USFs sustainability goals and practices were incorporated into its 2007-2012 Strategic Plan, an aggressive plan to elevate the performance and rankings of USF as one of the nations leading research universities. The plan provides the USF community with the vision, goals, strategies, and measures to promote university and student successes and is directed at innovation, new knowledge, and economic development from local to global levels.
Office of Sustainability Contributions to the USF Strategic Plan
1. Strengthening and supporting integrated and synergistic interdisciplinary research across disciplinary, departmental, college and campus boundaries (Strategic Goal 1) 2. Building a sustainable campus environment at USF (Strategic Goal 2) 3. Constructing an up-to-date clearinghouse of information about all the sustainability engagement activities currently occurring at USF and encouraging and rewarding faculty, staff, and student engagement in sustainability initiatives (Strategic Goal 3) 4. Creating a sustainable environment that supports an expanded and improved teaching and research mission, a more engaged residential community, and a university-based global village (Strategic Goal 4)

Since the inception of the Office of Sustainability, USF has pledged itself to become a green university and continually updates its commitment through innovation and development.

USFs Sustainability Pledge

use 100% recycled paper in all of our promotional materials recycle paper after using both sides of the sheet reduce paper usage whenever possible by using electronic means of communication set office printers to automatically print double-sided pages purchase Energy Star rated electronics use compact fluorescent light bulbs in all lighting fixtures reduce wasted energy by turning off lights, computers, and other appliances when not in use only use reusable bottles for beverages implement low flow fixtures and toilets in its facilities recommend carpooling, use of public transportation, bicycling, and walking for transportation purposes encourage participation in web conferences and teleconferences to reduce travel related emissions recycle all paper, plastic, and aluminum waste dispose of other waste, such as batteries, compact fluorescent lights, and electronics properly return ink cartridges and toners to the manufacturers for recycling use biodegradable dishes and utensils for catered events

USFs green initiatives have not gone unnoticed, as the university was recognized in the 2011 edition of The Princeton Reviews Guide to 311 Green Colleges for (1) receiving the gold STARS rating, (2) for having LEED-certified buildings, and (3) for being a signatory of the ACUPCC. The gold STARS rating USF received proves that we are truly green and gold, said E. Christian Wells, Director of USFs Office of Sustainability. According to Dr. Wells, the STARS system helps us track our sustainability efforts and allows us to find out weak spots. (Cash)

Sustain-A-Bull News USF Receives Gold STARS Rating

The University of South Florida is one of a small number of universities nationwide whose efforts to build an environmentallyconscious campus and advance sustainability efforts through cutting-edge research have earned a gold rating from the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education, the nations leading advocacy group for the green campus movement. USF scored top marks in sustainability innovation and activities, as well as its coordination and planning for a more sustainable campus. The university also scored solid marks for its commitment to academic research on a wide range of sustainability issues; of the 54 academic departments at USF, 38 have faculty members actively engaged in sustainability research. The report is another major landmark in USFs progress toward creating a healthier campus with a lessened impact on the environment while working toward advancing sustainability concepts through research. While there are still challenges in energy use and transportation where most of USFs carbon emissions emanate, USF is continuing its efforts to promote carpooling, car-sharing services, the use of public transportation and bicycle use, including safer and more extensive bike lanes in and around the campus. The report makes clear, however, that its the incremental daily march toward more careful use of limited resources that is making a difference at USF.

INSTITUTIONAL INITIATIVES
Infrastructure
Infrastructure is everything we use every daywithout thoughtincluding water and wastewater treatment plants, sewers, drainage, water supply, and many other facilities. Sustainable infrastructure is infrastructure that lasts longer, or repairs itself; uses less energy, water, and natural resources; produces less air and water pollution; and generates less solid or hazardous waste. It is infrastructure that protects the health and well-being of future generations as well as the current generation. USF implemented several measures within its infrastructure to go green. In addition to initiating of the Office of Stability, which includes a website to provide information on sustainability activities, the university formed an Advisory Council and a Technical Advisory Board that includes members from the entire university and established a Green Fund with a gift from the Tampa Electric Company Energy Foundation to develop a sustainable financial base.

To promote the green movement and recycling at USF, The Office of Sustainability implemented programs to highlight and award faculty, staff, and students who are committed to making USF a cleaner, greener campus.
Office of Sustainability Funded and Managed Programs
Sustainability Champions Program This program highlights outstanding faculty and staff who demonstrate a strong commitment to making the USF campus and community a cleaner, greener place to live and work. Sustainability Champions are selected based on their commitment to conserving resources, reducing waste, recycling and reusing materials, increasing energy efficiency, and other behaviors that will help make USF a more sustainable campus. Sustainability Mentors Program This program highlights outstanding faculty and staff who mentor undergraduate or graduate students in sustainability activities on campus, with the dual goals of celebrating faculty/staff mentoring excellence and encouraging others to serve as mentors. Sustainability Mentors are selected based on their commitment to working with USF students on sustainability issues as well as the social, economic, and environmental impact of these efforts. Sustainability Fellows Program This program, in collaboration with the Office of the Provost, provides graduate students with the opportunity to work closely with the Office of Sustainability staff to make USF a green university. Sustainability Fellows serve as Graduate Research Assistants, coordinating sustainability activities on campus, educational and community-based initiatives on sustainability, and other tasks integral to the mission of the Office of Sustainability. Sustainability Scholars Program This program, in collaboration with the Office of Undergraduate Research and stakeholder groups, provides undergraduate students with the opportunity to work closely with the Office of Sustainability staff to make USF a green university. Scholars collaborate on a range of sustainability projects on campus, examining and assessing social, economic, and environmental practices that promote or impede sustainability that helps the USF community become a cleaner, greener place to live and work. Scholars learn how to construct and implement a formal research design, receive training in research ethics and relevant methods for data collection and analysis, and use their results to help create and evaluate policies and programs for sustainability initiatives at USF.

Operations
Operational sustainability is the ability to meet operational objectives over extended periods of time. USF has added sustainability to its objectives through consideration of design, operations, and management in virtually every system. USFs operational sustainability efforts include compliance with the ACUPCC by reporting a comprehensive Greenhouse Gas inventory (see sample in Figure 7); compilation a Climate Action Plan (CAP) by the Sustainability Steering Committee and nearly 50 students, faculty, and staff; preparation of proposals for external funding to create a Decision Center for University Sustainability; creation a university-wide policy on campus and community sustainability to implement the recommendations outlined in the CAP, and close collaboration with the academic colleges and other units, Facilities Planning and Construction (FPC) and the Physical Plant, campus stakeholder groups and community partners on numerous initiatives and activities in sustainability as outlined in the CAP.

Figure 7. USF 2007 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Report

Management
Sustainability management is the ability to direct the course of a company, community, organization, or country in ways that restore and enhance all forms of capital (human, natural, manufactured, and financial) to generate stakeholder value and contribute to the well-being of current and future generations. USF has incorporated sustainability initiatives into its management and participates in and implements many green programs and activities to maintain sustainability. In addition to joining Arizona State University, University of California Los Angeles, Penn State, and other select universities as Charter Participants of AASHE STARS, management also provides organizational and thought leadership for the highly successful (ca. 4,000 attendees) Annual Campus and Community Sustainability Conference, where participants share best practices pertaining to Floridas future in terms of sustainability. Memorandums of Understanding with community partners are drafted to create actionable links between the Office of Sustainability and Tampas educational, nonprofit, and business communities. USF also hosted the 2008 and 2009 Going Green Tampa Bay Expos, where sustainable products and services were exhibited. Management uses the CMP to emphasize conservation and sustainable practices in its operations, including land use, energy and water consumption, recycling, landscaping, transportation, construction, dining servicesalmost every part of USFs infrastructure.

Current Initiatives
Students
USF students are actively encouraged to participate and, more importantly, to lead in numerous sustainability organizations or programs. Student initiatives include Student Government participation in sustainability initiatives, such as lobby as passage of a $.75-per-credit-hour renewable energy fee and creations of organizations to educate and work with others, both locally and globally, on sustainability issues. A summary of student initiatives is show in Table 1.
Table 1. Student Initiatives
Student Government Housing and Residential Education Student Environmental Association Students in Free Enterprise (Refill-A-Bull)2 Emerging Green Builders (ConservaBull)3 Engineers for a Sustainable World Engineers without Borders (Water for Miches)4 Alliance of Concerned Students Necessary Improvements to Transform our Environment - Created a new office, Chief Sustainability Officer; successfully lobbied for $.75-per-credit-hour renewable energy fee to generate funds for research on renewable energy projects. - Implemented a campus-wide recycling program in all residences. - Educates the community about the environment and works towards making USF more environmentally-friendly. - Serves members of the community through educational outreach projects that represent social, economic, environmental, personal, ethical, and sustainable change. - Creates mutually beneficial relationship among University of South Florida students, the Tampa Bay community, and local business leaders in the area of green building and sustainability. - Coordinates efforts a multidisciplinary group at the University of South to in actively reduce poverty by improving environmental, social, and economic sustainability worldwide. - Partners with developing communities worldwide in order to improve their quality of life. - Explores and advocates for alternative education, alternative media, and resource management and sustainability. - Advocates continuous campus safety and student health

Refill-A-Bulls goal is to reduce the use and waste of plastic beverage bottles on campus through the use of reusable metal containers. 3 ConservaBulls goal is to enhance students awareness of energy and water consumption. 4 Water for Miches goal was to bring clean water to the 500 residents of Miramar in the Dominican Republic who had no clean water source.

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Sustain-A-Bull News Solar Power Plant Coming to USF

Yogi Goswami, the John and Naida Ramil Professor at University of South Florida, and his team at the College of Engineering are building a solar power plant at the USF Tampa campus solar park to research ways to make solar energy available 24 hours a day, 7days a week (Temple). The on-campus solar power plant is being funded with a grant from the State of Florida through the Florida Energy Systems Consortium. Included in this project is a thermal storage system being developed with $3.9 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy.

Sustain-A-Bull News FLeX House Team Florida

Team Floridaan interdisciplinary group of students and faculty led by USF College of the Arts School of Architecture and Community Design Professor Stanley Russell, and includes the USF Colleges of Engineering, Arts and Sciences, and Business; the Florida State University College of Engineering; the University of Florida School of Building Construction and Interior Design; and the University of Central Floridas Florida Solar Energy Centeris entering a newly-piloted Florida zero energy prototype (FLeX) house into the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2011. This event raises awareness of solar energy, and the FLeX House models purpose is to encourage builders to create homes that are not only environmentally friendly, but are affordable as well. The FLeX House is being built in Florida by the Beck Group with assistance from Team Florida, which is providing coordination, design, and engineering capabilities, and expertise. The house will be shipped to Washington, DC, upon completion where it will be displayed with other green houses built by teams around the world (Melendez). Ultimately, the house will be sent back to USF to become a part of its solar park and function as the Zero Energy House Learning Center to raise environmental awareness.

Figure 8. FLeX House Model

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Designed Environment
Designed environment is focused on the connections between the social, built, and natural environments to make informed decisions about community development and resource management. USFs designed environment initiatives have converted the campus from its original harsh outdoor environment, from which people wanted to escape, to one in which people are willing meet, socialize, and relax. A summary of designed environment initiatives are shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Designed Environment Initiatives
Campus Design Greenway Integrated Landscape Forestation Xeriscape Development Waterscape Improvement and Irrigation Construction of buildings four stories or greater to conserve land Build public spaces Improve road, bicycle, and pedestrian ways Develop and expand greenway through implantation of stormwater management, landscape improvements, placement of future buildings, and linking Greenway areas Plant trees Protect tree roots from construction runoff Use drought-resistant, native plants Implementation of an aggregate campus-wide stormwater system Construction of cisterns for storage and re-use of rainwater

Academics
The colleges of USF have initiated sustainability objectives as they pertain to their areas of expertise. The College of Marine Science focuses on environmental education and research, while the College of Business has added business sustainability and sustainable enterprise to its curriculum. The College of Engineering, especially the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, uses physics to study biological systems in its various engineering programs. Table 3 summarizes the sustainability initiatives of USFs colleges.
Table 3. Academic Initiatives
College of Arts and Sciences College of Behavioral and Community Sciences College of Business College of Education College of Engineering College of Marie Science College of the Arts Honors College Graduate School Dr. Kiran C. Patel Center for Global Solutions Center for Urban Transportation Research Clean Energy Research Center Power Center for Utility Explorations - Exact focus or relevant courses on sustainability in Natural sciences (biology, chemistry, geology, geography), Interdisciplinary science, Social sciences (anthropology, geography, government and internal affairs), Humanities - Community focus Business sustainability and sustainable enterprise Environmental education Biophysical environment Environmental education and research and global climate change Incorporation of environmental themes into themes Seminars and projects on environmental projects Grants for research projects by masters and doctoral students Nonpartisan, independent research in areas of education, water and sanitation, urbanization and migration, and sustainability for solutions to global problems

- Provide results of transportation research to government, education system, and public - Research , develop, and clean energy sources and systems - Explore energy-related issues in renewable energy transmission, distribution, and generation system

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Sustain-A-Bull News School of Global Sustainability

The University of South Florida launched the nations first School of Global Sustainability, an innovative effort aimed at preparing students for a new generation of green collar careers and to find solutions for a world challenged to protect its fragile environment and limited resources. World-class researchers in water, clean and renewable energy, climate change, coastal environments, human health, and sustainable cities will unite in programs that focus on the worldwide challenges to creating sustainable systems. The School of Global Sustainability also will help educate a new workforce for the new green economy, which is expected to create 2.5 million new jobs in coming years. The University of South Florida is committed to creating a 21st Century which is healthy, sustainable, and prosperous for both Florida and global communities. This school is a major step in that direction, said USF President Judy Genshaft. The School of Global Sustainability will leverage USFs existing strengths to build new opportunities for our students and faculty. We are dedicated to preparing our students to face the challenges of the world we know now and of the world that will exist in their lifetime. The school will not be a traditional bricks-and-mortar school, and students will use online learning and the latest technological advances to complete programs efficiently. The first degree program, a masters degree in global sustainability, will initially focus on water, with other concentrations being developed in food security and health, natural environments, gender, ethnicity and class, global citizenry, climate change, coastal wetlands, the history of sustainable communities and megacities. An interdisciplinary approach to learning will be used and will allow students and researchers to explore issues through the perspective of corporate social responsibility public policy, poverty reduction, and education in relation to areas of science, technology, math, and engineering which are in important in the development of sustainable technologies. While the schools focus will be global, it will draw on USFs local roots in a major coastal city facing the challenges of climate change, protection of threatened natural resources and population growth. In creating this School of Global Sustainability, we are re-imagining and redefining higher education, said USF Provost Ralph Wilcox. We are leveraging our interdisciplinary strengths and partnerships in academia and private industry and positioning our students for success in a competitive, globalized world. USF and the new School of Global Sustainability recognize that the health of the environment and its human occupants is intricately interwoven and interdependent, and they can only be understood in a global context, said Linda Whiteford, USFs Associate Vice President for Academic Affairs and Strategic Initiatives. Therefore, the new school will be truly global, drawing students, faculty, data, problems, and solutions from around the world.

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Parking and Transportation

USF's Tampa CMP contains numerous long-range sustainability initiatives that give priority to pedestrians, bicyclists, and public transit. USF is improving bicycle lanes and encouraging the use of bicycles on campus by adding bike racks throughout the campus and improving bike security and racks on USF and public transit. USF student have established a bicycle club, and the Campus Recreation Center rents bicycles.
Figure 9. Campus Recreation Green Bike Program

Pedestrian corridors are also being improved. Trees, trellises, and arcades have been established to increase shade on sidewalks. On-campus housing and dining and other services have been increased to encourage and enable students, staff, and faculty to remain on campus during the day rather than take off-campus lunch breaks.

Figure 10. MLK Plaza Walkway

Commuters are also provided with transportation options, such a fare-free rides on the regional bus system and USFs Bull Runner Transit system. Because of USF's leadership in providing commuter options, USF has been a designated member of "Best Workplaces for Commuters, a national recognition program.

Figure 11. Bull Runner Shuttle

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USF extensively uses electric and gasoline golf carts to minimize operating costs and carbon footprint. A conscious attempt is made to reduce the number of street-licensed vehicles to make off-campus trips through increased use of on-campus stores for maintenance and office supplies. The Physical Plant has purchased larger electric powered vehicles to deliver campus mail, supplies, and furniture. Fossil fuel-based vehicles are being retired as new electric vehicles arrive. Transportation and Parking Initiatives are summarized in Table 4.

Figure 12. USF Garbage/Recycling Truck

Figure 13. Solar Electric USF Postal Service Truck

Table 4. Transportation and Parking Initiatives

Pedestrian and Bicycle Commuting Improve pedestrians and bicycle ways Add bicycle racks throughout the campus Improve bicycle security Improve safety for bike riders and pedestrians Increase on-campus housing and dining services lessen off-campus breaks Use biodiesel-fueled buses Improve public bus bays and shelters Implement Automatic Vehicle Locator for commuters to track bus arrivals times Implement automatic passenger counting so rides can track seat availability Arrange fare-free transportation on USF and regional bus transportation Provide free carpool and vanpool services Improve roadways (with assistance from Hillsborough County) Provide low-rate hybrid rental cars to students, staff, and faculty who need to leave campus during the day Reduce traffic growth Improve intersections (with assistance from Hillsborough County) to reduce idle time Partner with public organizations to improve transit Research rapid transit system connecting USF to downtown Tampa and other areas to eliminate the need to drive Build multi-level parking structures to eliminate parking sprawl Modify class schedules to even parking demand and increase use of existing classrooms and facilities Offer compressed workweek and flextime Use alternate fuels Purchase electric-powered vehicles for delivering campus mail , supplies, furniture Provide on-campus stores and supplies to reduce the number of street and need to make off-campus trips Transition to electronic travel request system Offer course on transportation sustainability Provide technical support and education programs for transportation professionals Provide real-life experience for students as USF transit drivers

Bus System

Commuter Options

Motor Vehicle Idling Mass Transit

Parking

Campus Fleet Air Travel Education Mission

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Procurement and Dining Services

Procurement and ARAMARK/USF dining services have incorporated sustainability initiatives into their services, such as purchase of post-consumer waste products, reusable products, green cleaning products, as well as recycling paper and grease for biofuel. In addition, dining services supports local growers and purchases Fair Trade productsproducts that have been produced and traded in an environmentally and socially fair way. A summary of Procurement and Dining Services initiatives are show in Table 5:
Table 5. Procurement and Dining Services Initiatives
Purchase Energy Star computer equipment Purchase flex fuel for university fleet Emphasize sustainability to bidding vendors Purchase Green Seal-certified cleaning products Purchase office paper, paper towels, and toilet paper containing recycled content Use fresh produce from local growers and fairly grown and traded food products Use organic produce Offer vegan and vegetarian meals at every location Implement trayless dining to save water Provide reusable cups and bags to transport food purchases Provide reusable to-go containers Recycle cardboard and tin Use low-watt lighting Recycle grease for biofuel Use paper products made from 100% unbleached, recycled content Switch to greenware that uses renewable corn-based resin Use green cleaning supplies

Procurement

Dining Services

Making Sustainability Work

USFs Physical Plants and FPC are responsible for building, installing, and retrofitting USFs buildings, equipment, and systems to make them green.

USF Physical Plants

USFs physical plants provide most of the universitys services for their respective campuses and have been instrumental in implementing many of the campus sustainability initiatives for present campus facilities.

Facilities Planning and Construction

FPC provides architecture and engineering services to all USF campuses. FPC is tasked with design and redesign of sustainable buildings and is committed to operation and maintenance of physical resources that promotes sustainability and protection of the environment.

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In addition to ensuring new buildings are fully sustainable and capable of LEEDcertification, the FPC is pursuing a LEED Existing Building Operations and Maintenance certification from the U.S. Green Building Council. The Science and Technology Building at USFs St. Petersburg campus was certified in 2011. Major renovations have been made to several buildings, including Chemistry, Education, Science Center, and Kopp. LEEDaccredited professionals are on the FPC Figure 14. USF St. Petersburg LEED-Certified staff. Several roofs (including the library) Science and Technology Building have been replaced roofs with high insulation and reflectivity values. Sunscreens on southern window exposures continue to be installed, along with high efficiency glass. USF is developing an IT-networked centralized remote building energy management/control and individual building metering of energy and water use and centralized data collection. The university is conducting life cycle analysis on its construction materials and are developing standards in building insulation values for walls, roofs, windows, motor and equipment efficiencies, mechanical systems insulation, and controls for heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and lighting. An energy and cost saving chiller plant was completed at USFs SarasotaManatee campus in April 2011. In this FPC initiative, the air-conditioning system in the central energy plant was upgraded from an air-cooled system similar to the ones found in most houses to a water-cooled and ice storage system. The thermal storage system will make ice during electrical low-cost, offpeak hours, and then use that ice to cool the university during high-cost peak hours of operation.
Figure 15. USF Polytechnic Campus

USF also expects the Polytechnic campus in Lakeland, FL, and the Interdisciplinary Science and Wellness and Nutrition buildings on the Tampa campus to be LEED-certified.

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What is LEED?
LEED, or Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is an internationally-recognized green building certification system developed by the U.S. Green Building Council in March 2000 to provide building owners and operators with a framework for identifying and implementing practical and measurable green building design, construction, operations, and maintenance solutions. LEED promotes sustainable building and development practices through a suite of rating systems that recognize projects that implement strategies for better environmental and health performance. The rating systems are developed through an open, consensus-based process led by committees consisting of diverse groups of volunteers representing a cross-section of the building and construction industry. LEED is flexible enough to apply to all building types commercial as well as residential, working throughout the building lifecycle design and construction, operations and maintenance, tenant outfitting, and significant retrofitting. LEED for Neighborhood Development extends the benefits beyond the building footprint into the neighborhood it serves. LEED also makes business sense, benefiting commercial building owners as well as tenants.

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Sustain-A-Bull News USF Opens First LEED-Certified Building

Figure 16. Dr. Kiran C. Patel Center for Global Solutions

USF opened its first LEED-certified building, the Dr. Kiran C. Patel Center for Global Solutions and the School of Global Sustainability, in January 2010. The center represents a new era in rethinking how public spaces are created and limited resources are managed. The building is fully green and made from building products that were extracted or manufactured from sources in a 500-mile radius of Tampa to lessen the environmental impact of transporting materials to the campus. More than 90 percent of the construction waste was recycled to lessen the impact on area landfills. LEED-certified buildings require submission of recycling records. Wood paneling and detail came from either wood-composite materials or from managed forests, such as the doors that are made from quick growing, inexpensive bamboo. Materials from the earth that cannot be replenished were not used. Low or no-emitting paints and construction adhesives were used to improve indoor air quality. The building is also fully xeriscaped with drought-resistant plants native to Florida. Large trees on the construction site were removed and replanted in another location, and pine needles were used as mulch. Special parking spaces have been designated for energyefficient vehicles and those who carpool and bike to workand a shower room is available to employees who bike to work. The building, which is designed to use resources efficiently to conserve water and energy features: Countertops made of recycled steel shavings, glass, and resin Toilets that flush with captured rainwater and condensation from the air conditioning system Landscaping is native to Florida with drought-tolerant plants Renovated carpeting Underground 30,000-gallon recycled water tank Underground lighting systems that turn off automatically as an occupant leaves the room Use of natural light to lower the need for electric lighting Lower-cost, longer-life LED lights and efficient fluorescent fixtures Roof-top solar panels on the roof heat water Windows glazing to keep heat out while letting light in Individual workspace temperature controls Recycling bins throughout the building

The center houses the Kiran C. Patel Center for Global Solutions and the School of Global Sustainability, classrooms, student programs, and public meeting spaces. The offices of USFs top officials and other administrative services also are also located at the center.

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Physical Plant and FPC sustainability and green building initiatives are listed in Table 6.
Table 6. Physical Plant and FPC Initiatives
Building Materials Smart Masonry Materials Conservation Materials Recycling and Recycled Content Materials Renewable Building Materials Green Roofs - Commission building envelope for new and current campus buildings to ensure buildings are fully functional - Enhance building features and look with building materials - Use materials that eliminate need for other materials, i.e., such as stained brick that doesnt need paint - Recycling of demolition materials and construction - Use recycled content in construction materials - Use renewable sources of building materials Replace roofs with solar roofs with high insulation values and high reflectivity Mixed paper (over 7,100 tons office paper, newspaper, magazines, cardboard since inception of program) Aluminum cans (over 48 tons since inception of program) Glass and plastics Mixed metals Yard debris, tree limbs and wooden waste Fluorescent bulbs and fixture ballasts Electronic equipment Install high efficiency glass on windows Upgrade lighting systems with modern, high efficient electronic ballasts and energy conserving fluorescent bulbs Replace F32 (32-watt) lamps with F28 (28-watt) lamps Retrofit classrooms with electronic motion sensors that turn off the lights when classrooms are not in use Implement an IT-networked energy metering, monitoring, and control system to track and help optimize energy usage at campus buildings Retrofit buildings with Direct Digital Control Systems that optimize the usage of air conditioning systems Develop and implement computerized energy management system for air handling units Retrofit campus buildings with High Solar Reflective Index roofing materials to reduces building heat load and cooling energy usage Replace inefficient gas and electric operated chillers with the most energy efficient electric chillers available Replace old, inefficient boilers with new high efficiency boilers to reduce natural gas usage Equip environmental systems at some buildings with heat pipe energy recovery systems to reduce energy usage Convert chilled water distribution system from primary/secondary pumping to variable primary pumping to increase temperature difference between supply and return chilled water to improve chiller performance Update campus design standards to have high efficiency insulation on all underground chilled water and hot water distribution piping Initiate a natural gas purchase program as a result of utilities deregulation Research, design, and develop renewable energy sources Retrofit of campus buildings with motion sensing automatic faucets and flush valves Building water metering Use of non-potable water for irrigation Dual plumbing by use of cisterns to collect rainwater for toilet flushing Xeriscape landscaping Use of weather-informed irrigation Coordination and adherence to Florida Department of Environmental Protection on construction projects Development of good housekeeping practices for students, faculty and staff, Tampa residents, and businesses and contractors to mitigate pollution from stormwater runoff Coordinate construction for LEED-certified buildings Renovate buildings

Recycling

Reuse, Renovate, and Retrofit - Energy Conservation and Recovery

Water Conservation

Stormwater Pollution Prevention Green Building

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For the Future

Many of USF sustainability initiatives are on-going programs and will continue long into the future. New and more efficient methods to reduce its carbon footprint will be incorporated into the CAP and Strategic Plan as they are discovered and developed. In the near term, USF plans to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 50 percent or greater, obtain more than 30 percent of its energy from non-fossil Figure 17. USF CAP CO2 Emission Forecast fuel or nuclear sources, and reduce its impact on storm water pollution by reducing its fertilizer applications all within the next five years. The CAP shows that by 2050, USF carbon dioxide emissions will be 80 percent less than in 20072008, the baseline year. USF plans to meet three critical benchmarks in CO2 reduction: 10 percent by 2015, 20 percent by 2025, and 50 percent by 2040. After 2050, through renewable energy certificates, carbon offsets, and increased sequestering of CO2 by the Greenway, USF expect to be climate neutral by 2070. Sustain-A-Bull News USF Chosen to Be Part of Global Education Project
The University of South Florida has been selected by the Association of American Colleges and Universities as one of 32 universities to participate in General Education for a Global Century, a curriculum and faculty development project aimed at educating students in all aspects of a rapidly globalizing society. This comes at a time when higher education leaders are increasingly focused on global curriculum as a strategy to secure the competitive edge of American students, as well as bolster the nations diplomatic and security interests around the world. Beginning in the fall of 2011, USF students will focus the first two years of their undergraduate study on a series of courses centered on global topics and complete their baccalaureate degree in their major of choice within four years. The program is geared toward those interested in pursuing degrees and careers related to global issues, including environmental and cultural sustainability, public and community health, economic development and sustainable enterprise, human rights and social justice. USF students will have opportunities for service learning opportunities that take them into the communities they study, directed research projects, and opportunities to study abroad. Nationwide, the effort creates a new opportunity for students who will be living, working, and socializing in an increasingly interconnected and interdependent world to begin their careers with a deep understanding of the challenges and opportunities of globalization.

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USF GETS RESULTS

Impact of Going Green
USFs green initiatives have reduced the amount of water used on campus. Dining services alone saves, per year, 32,992 gallons of water from its implementation of trayless dining and 1,689 kilowatt hours by using green lights. As a whole, USF saves over 11 million kilowatt-hours annually from the Green Lights program. Recycling has greatly reduced the amount of waste. The Physical Plant has recycled over 48 tons of aluminum and over 9,700 tons of paper. The universitys green initiatives have had a direct impact on its faculty, staff, and students. The campus community is aware green initiatives. Personal interviews (used for independent research) with faculty and students gave insight on the impact and reflected their views on USFs green movement. 1. Shawna Feinman, a former Student Environmental Association member of Student Environmental (SEA) discussed the importance of green initiatives that USF has and will have participated in. Feinman described the petitioning of the Student Government Association on campus for a Green Fee, stated, The student body will benefit from having a more sustainable campus, but not right away. (Feinman). The issues some have come across, is that benefits may not outweigh costs. This is not entirely true, Feinman explained. The student body will benefit from having a more sustainable campus, but not right away. The problem is that so many people need instant gratification. Changing the way people think and operate is going to take a long time. (Feinman).

2. Per Peter Funke, Students and faculty will benefit from the newly constructed Patel Center. Peter also explained the importance of the inclusion of green lighting and its future effects. 3. USF senior, Athena Montes noted the recycle friendly bins around campus (Montes). 4. Kevin Argote, he expressed his opinion on ways to improve upon the going green campaign for a more eco friendly university. He believes that there should be more easily available information on ways students can participate in USF green efforts. 5. Gustavo Mesa noticed, The water fountains on campus now have bottle water filler that helps cut the amount of plastic bottles used.

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Benefits of Going Green

The benefits of sustainability initiatives are both tangible and intangible. In addition to increased awareness and participation in the green movement and an enhanced public image, USF has received funding from private and government organizations and has seen direct cost-savings from the reduction of water and energy consumption and waste disposal. An article written by Jacqui Cash, USF One of Nations Top Green Colleges, explained how the USF is saving money and water at the campuses physical plant by reducing watering duration times and also installing low volume units, which use about 30 to 40 percent less water than traditional methods, and not watering certain areas. The recent $.75-cent-per-credit-hour green fee will help benefit the schools drive for renewable energy, explained Cash. The benefits of a more green campus will continue to grow as the program gets stronger and more people take action. (Cash) Student Environmental Association (SEA) member Shawna Feinman said the benefits of the project have begun to show monetary benefits. Feinman explained, Going green is a selling point for universities, especially those seeking to attract green students. She later added, Students can now look up the progress of their prospective university at <//http:www.greenreportcard.org/> and students are doing just that. Feinman continued, The growth of the green project at USF has many benefits when it comes to attracting students and families who are becoming more environmentally conscious as popularity builds in the hype to a cleaner environment. (Feinman) Other benefits include $15 million in funding for renewable energy research, design, and development projects, increased funding for sustainability education, and cost savings of over $9 million in natural gas costs. The Green Lights program, which was completed a few years ago, currently saves over $1 million annually.

OUTREACH
In addition to campus-wide sustainability initiatives, USF actively reaches out to its surrounding communities to engage them in its sustainability efforts. For, example, USFs faculty, staff, and students participate in the student-run RecyleManiaTM, a friendly competition in which college campuses across the U.S. compete in programs to encourage recycling and reduce waste (Cash). RecycleManiaTM is organized by the Student Environmental Association, in conjunction with Physical plant and Dining Services (Stars Sustainability Tracking Assessment & Rating System). The winner is determined by the college that collects and recycles the most recyclable materials. In 2011, USF placed second in Florida and was ranked 25th out of the 199 colleges that participated in the competition, recycling 20.8 pounds per person (Reduce, Reuse, RecycleManiaTM).

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The Stampede of Service is an event in which 3,000+ students volunteer their time to various charities, including Keep Hillsborough Beautiful, to clean up parks and neighborhoods. Another organization that gives back to the community is the Student Environmental Awareness Society (S.E.A.S.) at USF St. Petersburg, which has created a monthly event to help clean up the harbor front. Participants are provided with bags and gloves to clean up the harbor. S.E.A.S. is open to students, faculty, staff, affiliates, and member of the surrounding community who are interested in promoting awareness of environmental issues. It combines outdoor activities, such as hiking, camping, fishing, and canoeing with activities, such as beach and campus clean ups and beach restoration.
Figure 18. USF St. Petersburg S.E.A.S. Harbor Clean Up Flyer

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CONCLUSION
USF has made significant progress in its green movement since its initial efforts. The university is committed to student, faculty, and staff involvement in research, development, and implementation of sustainability initiatives, as outlined in its Strategic and Campus Master Plans. Incorporation of sustainability initiatives into its infrastructure, operations, and management are indicative of USFs commitment to meeting its sustainability objectives, and this commitment has been substantiated by the AASHE gold STARS rating USF received in 2011.
Marshall Student Center (previous site of the University Center)

Administration Building

Figure 19. Aerial View of USF in 2009

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WHO TO CONTACT
For more information on the University of South Floridas sustainability programs and how to get involved, contact: Address: University of South Florida 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, CGS 101 Tampa FL, 33620 USA 813-974-5398 sustainability@usf.edu

Phone: Email:

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WORKS CITED
American College & University Presidents Climate Commitment. Climate Action Plan for University of South Florida. 14 May 2010. Web. 21 June 2011 <http://rs.acupcc.org/cap/607/> Chachere, Vickie. Green Patel Center Opens at USF. The Oracle. 21 January 2010. Print. Chachere, Vickie. USF Chosen to Be Part of Global Education Project. University of South Florida News. 9 November 2010. Web. 22 June 2011 <http://news.usf.edu/article/templates/?z=38&a=2951> Environmental Protection Agency. Smart Growth Principles. Smart Growth, About Smart Growth. n.d. Web. 15 June 2011 <http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/about_sg.htm> Environmental Protection Agency. What is sustainability? Sustainability, Basic Information. 2 March 2011. Web. 8 June 2011 <http://www.epa.gov/sustainability/basicinfo.htm> Feinman, Shawna. Personal Interview. 14 June 2011 FLeX House. Team Florida Showcases FLeX House at USF Engineering Expo. 22 February 2011. Web. 21 June 2011 <http://www.flexhouse.org/news-release/team-florida-showcasesflex-house-at-usf-engineering-expo/> Kumar, Divya. Construction for Solar Decathlon close to completion. The Oracle. 16 June 2011. Print Melendez, Barbara. Energy Companies Helping Fund Solar House. University of South Florida News. 18 February 2011. Web. 21 June 2011 <http://news.usf.edu/article/templates/?a=3155> Melendez, Barbara. Solar House Competition Heats Up. University of South Florida News. 19 January 2010. Web. 21 June 2011 <http://news.usf.edu/article/templates/?a=3155> Mesa, Gustavo. Personal Interview. 14 June 2011 Montes, Athena. Personal Interview. 14 June 2011 My Education Articles. The History of the Going Green Movement. Web. <http://www.myeducationarticles.com/1072/> Temple, Lisa. Solar Power Plant Coming to USF. University of South Florida News. 5 January 2011 <http://news.usf.edu/article/templates/?a=3044&z=121>

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U.S. Green Building Council. What LEED Is. n.d. Web. 15 June 2011 <http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1988> University of South Florida College of Education Fifty-Year History. Remember When at USF. n.d. Web. 11 June 2011 <http://fcit.usf.edu/coedu/remember.html> University of South Florida College of Education Fifty-Year History. University of South Florida Established. n.d. Web. 11 June 2011 <http://fcit.usf.edu/coedu/usfestablished.html> University of South Florida. Water for Miches. Engineers without Borders. n.d. Web. 20 June 2011 <http://ctr.usf.edu/ewb/wordpress/?page_id=7> University of South Florida Campus Recreation Center. Outdoor Recreation. n.d. Web. 21 June 2011 <http://usfweb2.usf.edu/camprec/outdoor/borrowourbikes.asp> University of South Florida News. New Office of Sustainability. 29 July 2009. Web. 1 June 2011 <http://news.usf.edu/article/templates/?a=1589> University of South Florida Office of Sustainability. History USF Office of Sustainability. n.d. Web. 9 June 2011 <http://usfweb2.usf.edu/sustainability/about_history.aspx> University of South Florida Office of Sustainability. Our Pledge. n.d. Web. 14 June 2011 <http://usfweb2.usf.edu/Sustainability/about_pledge.aspx> University of South Florida Office of Sustainability. Program. n.d. Web. 14 June 2011 <http://usfweb2.usf.edu/Sustainability/about_programs.aspx> University of South Florida Physical Plant. Physical Plant Sustainability and Energy Conservation. 2009. Web. 8 June 2011 <http://www.pplant.usf.edu/index.php/additionalinformation/sustainability-initiatives> University of South Florida. Strategic Plan 2007-2012. Office of Decision Support and Academic Budgets. n.d. Web. 16 June 2011 <http://www.ods.usf.edu/plans/strategic/> Computing for Sustainability. Visualizing Sustainability. n.d. Web. 22 June 2011 <http://computingforsustainability.wordpress.com/2009/03/15/visualising-sustainability/> Whiteford, Linda. Executive Summary. Sustainability Report. 13 October 2009. Print. World.edu. USF campus greenery provides good lessons. 3 December 2010. Web. 14 June 2011 <http://world.edu/content/usf-campus-greenery-good-lessons/>

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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE) Sustainability Tracking Assessment & Rating System (STARS) . Presidents Letter. 25 January 2011. Print. This letter is submitted to AASHE annually by each participating colleges president to verify sustainability activities for the college receives its STARS ratings and overall grade. Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE) Sustainability Tracking Assessment & Rating System (STARS) . University of South Florida. 28 January 2011. Web. 9 June 2011 <https://stars.aashe.org/institutions/university-of-south-floridafl/report/2011-01-28/> The website shows USFs STARS ratings for education and research; operations; planning, administration, and engagement; innovation; and overall STARS score. College Sustainability Report Card. University of South Florida. Report Card 2011. n.d. Web. 1 June 2011 http://www.greenreportcard.org/report-card-2011/schools/university-ofsouth-florida This website shows USFs annual report card and STARS grade. E. Christian Wells, PhD. Summary. n.d. Web. 17 June 2011 <http://uweb.cas.usf.edu/~ecwells/> This website contains a biography of Dr. Christian Wells, describing his academic and administrative appointments, education, accomplishments and awards, teaching history, and publications. Hillsborough Community Atlas. USF. 2009. Web. 16 June 2011 <http://mapping.communityatlas.usf.edu/hillsboroughcommunity/> This website shows maps and aerial views of various areas of Hillsborough County. Princeton Review. Guide to 311 Green Colleges. 2011. Print. <http://www.princetonreview.com/green-guide.aspx> This guide lists the top 308 U.S. and 3 Canadian green colleges and highlights the programs and initiatives implemented by the colleges.

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U.S. Energy Information Administration Annual Energy Review. Figure 17. Natural Gas Overview. United States Energy History. June 2001. Web. 18 June 2011 <http://www.eia.gov/emeu/aer/eh/eh.html> This website shows the historical production and consumption of natural gas and other fuels and projects future trends. University of South Florida Facilities Planning and Construction. n.d. Web. 18 June 2011 <http://usfweb2.usf.edu/FacilitiesPlan/> This website lists information on FPCs services; past, present, and future projects, the CMP; for all USF campuses. University of South Florida Office of the Provost and Executive Vice President. USFs Greenhouse Gas Inventory. Strategic Initiatives News. 2007. Print. This report provides information on the various causes of USFs greenhouse gases, the amount emitted by each cause, and the total amount of greenhouse gases USF produces. Whiteford, Linda. University of South Florida Sustainability Initiative Report. 13 October 2009. Print. This report describes the University of South Floridas Sustainability initiatives in terms of recycling, conserving water and energy, informing its people and society, and being socially responsible in terms of protecting the environment. The report further discusses USFs past, present, and future goals in regard to the going green movement. Ultimately, USF is extremely involved in the efforts of sustainability; the University has many different organizations and study body members who are dedicated to making USF a more environmentally friendly place.