BAB I TRIGONOMETRY A. ANGLE SIZE IN RADIAN A revoluation or whole centre angle is thus has 2T radian.

The relation between the angle size in degree: 2T radian = 3600 T radian = 1800 Example : 1. Express these angles in the form of a. 1200 b. 3000 2. Express these angles in degree ! a. b. T T radian !

Answer : 1. a. 1200 = 120 x b.3000 = 300 x 2. a. T = b. T = T x T x

  T T

rad = rad = = 1500 = 2700

T rad T rad

B. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIONS Given that: ( ABC right triangle which has an angle BAC = E
A r y B x E C

sin E =

Opposite Side Hypotinuse Side

Sisi Depan Sudut = Sisi Miring Sudut



y r

cos E =

Adjacent Side Sisi Samping Sudut = = Hypotinuse Side Sisi Miring Sudut

tan E =

Opposite Side = Adjacent Side

sin E cos E

KEBALIKAN SINUS, COSINUS, dan TANGEN

Cosec E =

E

Hypotenuse Side Opposite Side

Sec E

E

Hypotenuse Side Adjacent Side



Cotan E = y

E

E

E

Adjacent Side Opposite Side

THE RELATION OF x , y , and r   

y E x

1. If given that x dan y r =

r

2. If given that r dan y x =

3. If given that r dan x y = Example : Determine the value sine, cosine, dan tangent of BAC dan ABC in the triangle, if a = 6 dan b = 8 Answer :
A 8 C E F B 6 From the figure known that AC = b = 8, BC = a = 6, dan AB = c. the value c can be calculate c

by Phythagoras theorem. c2 = a2 + b2 c2 = 62 + 82 c= then sin BAC = sin E = cos BAC = cos E = tan BAC = tan E =  sin ABC = sin F =   

cos ABC = cos F = tan ABC = tan F =

C. THE VALUE OF TRIGONOMETRIC RATIONS FOR SPECIFIC ANGLES Trigonometric Rations of Specific Angles in Kuadran I ( 00 E 900 )

E Sin E Cos E Tan E

00 0 1 0

300

450

600

900 1 0

g (tidak terdefinisi)

Example: Calculate the value of following forms ! 1. ( tan 300 + sin 300 ) cos 300 2. Tan2 600 + 4 sin2 450 Answer : 1. ( tan 300 + sin 300 ) cos 300 = ( + ) = + = )2 + 4 ( + )2

2. Tan2 600 + 4 sin2 450 = ( tan 600 ) 2 + 4 ( sin 450 )2 = ( = 3 + 4. ( ) = 3 + 2 = 5

D. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIONS FORMULAS OF RELATED ANGLES

Y KUADRAN II y y y y Sinus + 900 < E 1800 X (-), Y (+) Formula : 1800 - E KUADRAN I y y y All + 00 E 900 X (+), Y (+)

X KUADRAN III y y y y Tangen + 1800 < E 2700 X (-), Y (-) Formula : 1800 + E KUADRAN IV y y y y Cosinus + 2700 < E 3600 X (+), Y (-) Formula : 3600 - E

Example : Determine the value ! 1. Cos (-600 ) sin 1500 + cot 2250 2. Answer :


1. cos 600 sin ( 1800 300 ) +

=  sin 300 + =   + = 0 + 1=1

2.





 

 




  

 

 

 

E. TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITY There are trigonometric identities formula that you should know, as follows: 1. sin2 x + cos2 x = 1 2. 1 sin2 x = cos2 x 3. 1 cos2 x = sin2 x 4. 1 + cotan2 x = cosec2 x 5. tan2 x + 1 = sec2 x Example : Prove the following trigonometric identities ! 1 cot 2 E = 2 csc 2 E - csc 4 E Prove : The right side expression is expanded, thus resulting the expression in the left hand side: 2 csc 2 E - csc 4 E = csc 2 E ( 2 csc 2 E ) = ( 1 + cot 2 E ) ( 2 ( 1 + cot2 E )) = 1 cot 4 E It is proved that 2 csc 2 E - csc 4 E = 1 cot 4 E F. THE ANGLE VALUE IS GEATER THAN 3600 1. Sin E = sin ( E + k. 3600 ) 2. Cos E = cos ( E + k. 3600 ) 3. Tan E = tan ( E + k.1800 ) Example : Determine value of : 1. Sin 7500 2. Cos 10000 Answer: 1. Sin 7500 = sin ( 300 + 2. 3600 ) = sin 300 = 2. Cos 10000 = cos ( 2800 + 2. 3600 ) = cos 2800 = cos ( 1800 + 1000 ) = -cos 1000

Exercise !
4

1. Express these angles in the form of T radian ! a. 1500 b. 3150 2. Express these angles in the form of degree! a. b. T T

3. Determine value is : a. Sin 3330 b. Sin 2 7500 c. Cos 18000 d.

   

BAB II
5

THE DERIVATIVES AND INTEGRAL

A. THE DERIVATIVES OF A FUNCTION y y y The notation of derivatives are : f(x) , y,

d?f ( x ) A dy , dx dx

d? ( x ) A dy or is called Leibniz notation. dx dx

The derivatives of algebraic function : 1. f(x) = axn f(x) = naxn-1 2. f(x) = ax f(x) = a 3. f(x) = a f(x) = 0 4. f(x) = U . V f(x) = UV + UV 5. f(x) = f(x) =
U V U ' V  UV ' V2

6. f(x) = Un f(x) = n Un-1 . U

Example : Determine the derivatives of : 1. y = x6 x3 + 4x2 5x + 6 2. p = t3 + 2t2 3t + 4 3. f(a) = (3a 8 )3 4. f(x) = ( 2x + 1 )2( 3x 1) 5. f(t) = Answer : 1. 2.
dy = 6x5 3x2 + 8x 5 dx dp = 3t2 + 4t 3 dt t 1 4t  2

3. f(a) = 3 ( 3a 8 )2 (3) = 9 ( 3a 8 )2 4. U = ( 2x + 1 )2 U = 2 ( 2x + 1 ) (2) V = 3x 1 V = 3

6

= 4 ( 2x + 1 ) = 8x + 4 f(x) = UV + UV = ( 8x + 4 ) ( 3x 1 ) + ( 2x + 1 )2( 3 ) = 24x2 8x + 12x 4 + ( 4x2 + 4x + 1 ) ( 3 ) = 24x2 + 4x 4 + 12 x2 + 12x + 3 = 36x2 + 16x 1 5. U = t + 1 U = 1 f(t) = =
U ' V  UV ' V2 1 ( 4 t  2)  ( t  1)(4) 4t  2  4 t  4 6 = = 2 2 ( 4 t  2) ( 4 t  2) ( 4 t  2) 2

V = 4t 2 V= 4

EXERCISE: Determine the derivatives of : 1. y = t3 4t2 + 10t 1 2. p = ( 1 a )2( 2a + 3 ) 3. f(x) =

4x  2 3x  1

4. f(t ) = ( 2t 3 )4 5. f(x) = 

B. INDEFINITE INTEGRAL y y notation The integral of algebraic functions.: 1. 2. 3. Example : Determine the integral of : 1. 2. 3.


 





Answer : 1.      
7

2. 3. = =



+c =  =

+c = 

+c =  

 

+c

EXERCISE: Determine the integral of : 1. 2. 3.








   

C. DEFINIT INTEGRAL y y Notation :

 

The formula of definit integral :

Example : Determine the integral of :

1. 2. 3.

    = =   



 

 

Answer : 1. 2.                                       

   

3.

EXERCISE: Determine the integral of : 1. 2. 3.