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30th
Lausan June20
Jochen Bard Head of Energy Conversion Institute for Solar Energy Supply Technologies (ISET) Kassel University, www.iset.de TNSHP: Small Hydropower Workshop
Systems Technology for the Use of Renewable Energies and Efficient Energy Conversion
Applications-oriented Research and Development
Wind Energy Photovoltaics Use of Biomass Hydropower, Ocean Energy Technologies Energy Conversion and Storage Hybrid Systems Energy Economy Information and Training
Executive Board: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jrgen Schmid Dr. rer. nat. Oliver Fhrer Personnel: 75 Employees Budget: approxim. 8 Mio. Euro Information: www.iset.uni-kassel.de
Electrical Equipment for Small Hydropower Plants turbine: electrical drives for guide vanes and runner control generators: high efficiency induction machines, direct drive concepts low loss & environmental friendly transformers improved control:
improved gate control optimised trash rack cleaner operation higher turbine output (optimisation of runner guide vane setting) detailed monitoring and supervision remote control and SCADA-interface (web cam, automated reports) advanced analysis facilities optimisation of multiple turbine installations ...
Source: Hitzinger
EW Lsen / I SGT9D06T 1400 KVA 1000 rpm IEC 34, VDE 0530
disadvantages of gearboxes losses of 1-1.5% per stage (up to 5% overall) vibration and noise investment cost and lifetime
efficienc 1 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 0 5 10
power [kW]
15
Example of submersible turbines with direct coupled induction generator ITT Flyght
80
700
70
500
50
400
40
300
30
200
20
100
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
0 discharge [m/s] at 5 m
90 kW
700 kW
Possible drive train arrangement for refurbishment using a direct coupled SE or PME synchronous generator
source: OKD
rotor
stator only for integration into an existing strong and stable electrical network e.g. in Europe and North America
generator
turbine
total
ECOBulb generator
first machine 330 kVA 214 rpm max. eff 96%
pole face with magnets damper cage
1250 kVA, 150 rpm, max. eff 96,5% 4000 kVA 144 rpm max. eff 96,8%
photos: VATECH Hydro
StrafloMatrix pilot project Agonitz 700 kW at 8.5 m head 430 rpm, 1.12 m runner diameter unregulated turbine ring generator with PME target size > 1.5 MW
PME generator for a water wheel power 16 kW speed 22 rpm 24 poles efficiency 88% stator diameter 1,2m
new turbine design for runner and guide vane special PME-generator directly coupled special frequency converter scaling from 50 bis 500 kW per unit installation and test of a 50 kW pilot this summer (Tirva, Finnland)
Permanentmagnets
rated speed 600 rpm, 40 poles rated frequency 200 Hz design torque 840 Nm voltage 313 V, current 92 A
similar developments e.g. by Siemens: first PM motor in 1987 other applications: CHP units based on ICEs industrial drive applications
ABB medium Speed Permanent Magnet Generator integrated into a one-stage gearbox 120-240 rpm some MW new high speed PMG 3.6 MW on a 500mm frame >98% efficiency