S units I

The system of units used in Internationale dUnit es (In abbreviatedto SI units, and is Quantity length mass time electriccurrent luminousintensity amount of substance

thermodynamictemper

D erivedS unitsandP I refix es

use combinationsof basic units them. Two examples are: Velocitymetersper second ( Accelerationmetersper seco

D efinitions P refix

Nam e

Mean

M mega multip C harge k kilo multip The unit of charge is the coulo m milli divide ampere second. (1 coulomb =6 definedas the quantityofdivide elect u micro electriccircuitwhen a current o n nano divide second. Thus,charge, in coulom p pico divide

D efinitions

W ork The unit of work or energy is th meter. The joule is defined as th a force of one newtonis exerte directionof the force. Thus wor

D efinitions

W=

where F is the force in newtons Electricalpotential ande.m .f. body in the directionof the forc The unit of electric potential is per coulomb. One volt is define P ower two points in a conductor whic The unit of power is the watt ( dissipatesa power of one watt, Power is defined as the rate of

power in watts,=joules per second V olts= watt/am pere

P= W

A change in electric potential b

D efinitions

A simple voltaic cell is shown. It con rod( i.e cathode) immersed in dilut vessel. The chemical action taking p removed from copper plate and to This transfer of electron is accompli D known as electrolyte. efinitions

The reciprocal of resistanceis c siemens(S). G=1/R

Electricalpower andenergy When a direct current of I amp the voltageacross the circuit is P=VI

S tandards bolsfor electrica ym

T ypesof Materials

P=VI C onductorsandins ulators A conductor is a m ateri electriccurrent to flow in it. All m include copper, aluminum, brass, valence electrons of less than 4. An ins ulator isa m ateri allow electric current to flow in it. rubber, glass, porcelain, air, paper

Maineffectsof electriccurren

The three main effects of an elect (a) magnetic effect (b) chemical effect (c) heatingeffect

R tanceV esis ariation

Mag neticeffect:

Some practical applicationsof th

bells, relays, telephones, c R esistanceandresistivity C hem effect: primary and s ical The resistanceof an electrical con H eatingeffect: cookers, wate Being: (a) the lengthfurnaces, ket of the condu conductor, (c) the type of materia

R= /A L

If

At any temperatutet:

Then,

S pleP am roblem s
1. 2. 3.

What force is required to give a mass

Find the accelerating force when a ca with a constant acceleration of 3 m/

A force of 40 N accelerates a mass a

S 4. pleP the force acting downwar am Determine s roblem

5.

A force of 4 N moves an object 200 c 11 . work is done? a current of 0.1 A flo How long must

6 . A force of 2.5 kN is required to lift a l 12. Find the conductance of a resistor of through 500 cm?

13 . A conductor has a conductance of 5 7. An electromagnet exerts a force of 1 14. distance of 1.5 cm inconnected acro An e.m.f. of 250 V is 40 ms. Find the

through the resistance is 4 A. What 8. A mass of 500 kg is raised to a height the J of energy are converted into he 15. 450power developed.

S pleP am roblem R s esistivity

1. The resistance of a 5 m length of wire i the same wire, and (b) the length of the s 2. A piece of wire of cross-sectional area a wire of the same length and material if area of a wire of the same length and ma 3. A wire of length 8 m and cross-sectiona drawn out until its cross sectional area is 4. Determine the resistance of 1200 mof Example 1 resistivity of copper is 1.7 x108 m 5. The resistance of a 2 mlength of cable the same cable and (b) the length of the s 6. Some wire of cross-sectional area 1 m of a wire of the same length and material sectional area of a wire of the same lengt 7. Some wire of length 5 m and cross-sec drawn out until its cross-sectional area is Example 2 the resistance of 800 m of coppe 8. Find 20 mm2. Take the resistivity of copper as 9. Calculate the cross-sectional area, in m resistance of 2 . Take the resistivity of alu

Example 4