Order Density (X) Compressive Strength (y) (X - x̄) (X - x̄)² (X - x̄)³ (X - x̄)^4

1 2411 49.9 -33.93 1150.91 -39044.47 1324583.76

2 2415 50.7 -29.93 895.51 -26798.01 801930.32
3 2425 52.5 -19.93 397.01 -7910.34 157613.47
4 2427 53.2 -17.93 321.31 -5759.40 103237.30
5 2427 53.4 -17.93 321.31 -5759.40 103237.30
6 2428 54.4 -16.93 286.46 -4848.26 82056.83
7 2429 54.6 -15.93 253.61 -4038.67 64315.81
8 2433 55.8 -11.93 142.21 -1695.80 20222.44
9 2435 56.3 -9.93 98.51 -977.67 9703.36
10 2435 56.7 -9.93 98.51 -977.67 9703.36
11 2436 56.9 -8.93 79.66 -710.93 6345.02
12 2436 57.8 -8.93 79.66 -710.93 6345.02
13 2436 57.9 -8.93 79.66 -710.93 6345.02
14 2436 58.8 -8.93 79.66 -710.93 6345.02
15 2437 58.9 -7.93 62.81 -497.73 3944.55
16 2437 59 -7.93 62.81 -497.73 3944.55
17 2441 59.6 -3.93 15.41 -60.47 237.33
18 2441 59.8 -3.93 15.41 -60.47 237.33
19 2444 59.8 -0.93 0.86 -0.79 0.73
20 2445 60 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.00
21 2445 60.2 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.00
22 2446 60.5 1.07 1.16 1.24 1.34
23 2447 60.5 2.07 4.31 8.93 18.54
24 2447 60.5 2.07 4.31 8.93 18.54
25 2448 60.9 3.07 9.46 29.08 89.41
26 2448 60.9 3.07 9.46 29.08 89.41
27 2449 61.1 4.07 16.61 67.67 275.75
28 2450 61.5 5.07 25.76 130.71 663.35
29 2454 61.9 9.07 82.36 747.38 6782.45
30 2454 63.3 9.07 82.36 747.38 6782.45
31 2455 63.4 10.07 101.51 1022.67 10303.39
32 2456 64.9 11.07 122.66 1358.41 15044.40
33 2456 64.9 11.07 122.66 1358.41 15044.40
34 2457 65.7 12.07 145.81 1760.60 21259.28
35 2458 67.2 13.07 170.96 2235.24 29225.83
36 2469 67.3 24.07 579.61 13954.01 335942.68
37 2471 68.1 26.07 679.91 17728.54 462271.66
38 2472 68.3 27.07 733.06 19847.48 537370.55
39 2473 68.9 28.07 788.21 22128.87 621268.11
40 2488 69.5 43.07 1855.46 79923.75 3442715.58

Σ 97797 2405.5 9976.78 61317.79 8215515.62

Stem And Leaf Plot

1 49 9
2 50 7
2 51
3 52 5
5 53 2 4
7 54 4 6
8 55 8
11 56 3 7
13 57 8 9
15 58 8 9
19 59 0 6
(7) 60 0 2
14 61 1 5
11 62
11 63 3 4
9 64 9 9
7 65 7
6 66
6 67 2 3
4 68 1 3
1 69 5
 Range of the Compressive Strength of concrete:
(y - ȳ) (y - ȳ)² (y - ȳ)³ (y - ȳ)^4 X max =
-10.24 104.81 -1072.96 10984.38 X min =
-9.44 89.07 -840.56 7932.82
-7.64 58.33 -445.51 3402.55 r = X max - X min =
-6.94 48.13 -333.89 2316.39
-6.74 45.39 -305.84 2060.61 Range of Density of Concrete:
-5.74 32.92 -188.87 1083.65 X max =
-5.54 30.66 -169.80 940.28 X min =
-4.34 18.81 -81.61 353.96
-3.84 14.73 -56.51 216.87 r = X max - X min =
-3.44 11.82 -40.62 139.63
-3.24 10.48 -33.93 109.86
-2.34 5.46 -12.77 29.85 Mean of Density of Concrete:
-2.24 5.01 -11.20 25.06 x̄ = (Σ Density)/n =
-1.34 1.79 -2.39 3.20
-1.24 1.53 -1.90 2.35 Mean of the Compressive Strength of concrete:
-1.14 1.29 -1.47 1.67 ȳ = (Σ Compressive)/n
-0.54 0.29 -0.16 0.08
-0.34 0.11 -0.04 0.01 Standard Deviation
-0.34 0.11 -0.04 0.01 √((∑▒ 〖 (𝑋 − 𝑥̄)² 〗 )/(𝑛−1))
-0.14 0.02 0.00 0.00
0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.36 0.13 0.05 0.02
0.36 0.13 0.05 0.02
0.36 0.13 0.05 0.02
Example 1.21. Concrete test. By using Eq. (1.2.7), the sam
0.76 0.58 0.44 0.34 density and compressive strength of concrete in Table E.
0.76 0.58 0.44 0.34 N/mm2, respectively.
0.96 0.93 0.89 0.86
1.36 1.86 2.53 3.45 Equation 1.2.7
1.76 3.11 5.48 9.65 "sˆ" = √(1/(𝑛−1) ∑_(𝑖=1)^𝑛▒ 〖𝑥 2¦𝑖 − 𝑛/(𝑛−1
3.16 10.00 31.63 100.03
3.26 10.64 34.73 113.29
4.76 22.68 108.02 514.45 Standard Deviation of Density
4.76 22.68 108.02 514.45
5.56 30.94 172.11 957.37 SD =
7.06 49.88 352.27 2487.91
7.16 51.30 367.45 2631.83
7.96 63.40 504.83 4019.74 Standard Deviation of the Compressive Strength of co
8.16 66.63 543.84 4439.08
8.76 76.78 672.80 5895.38 SD =
9.36 87.66 820.68 7683.65

980.81 126.23 58975.11 Density

 Mean =
SD =
V =

Sample coefficient of skewness

g1 =

g2 =

8 8
5 5 5 9 9
9

9
ngth of concrete:
69.5
49.9 Timber Strength
(X - x̄)
19.6 N/sq.mm 17.98 -21.35
22.67 -16.66
22.74 -16.59
2488 22.75 -16.58
2411 23.14 -16.19
23.16 -16.17
77 kg/cu.m 23.19 -16.14
24.09 -15.24
24.25 -15.08
24.84 -14.49
2445 61.12 25.39 -13.94
25.98 -13.35
gth of concrete: 26.63 -12.7
60.14 27.31 -12.02
27.9 -11.43
27.93 -11.4
28 -11.33
28.13 -11.2
28.46 -10.87
28.69 -10.64
28.71 -10.62
28.76 -10.57
est. By using Eq. (1.2.7), the sample standard deviation for the
strength of concrete in Table E.1.2 are 15.99 kg/m3 and 5.02 28.83 -10.5
28.97 -10.36
28.98 -10.35
29.11 -10.22
∑_(𝑖=1)^𝑛▒ 〖𝑥 2¦𝑖 − 𝑛/(𝑛−1) "x¯ 2" 〗 ) 29.9 -9.43
29.93 -9.4
30.02 -9.31
30.05 -9.28
30.33 -9
15.99 kg/cu.m 30.53 -8.8
31.33 -8
31.6 -7.73
of the Compressive Strength of concrete: 32.02 -7.31
32.03 -7.3
5.015 N/sq.mm 32.4 -6.93
32.48 -6.85
32.68 -6.65
Compressive Srength 32.76 -6.57
2444.93 kg/cu.m Mean = 60.14 N/sq.mm 33.06 -6.27
15.99 kg/cu.m SD = 5.02 N/sq.mm 33.14 -6.19
0.65% V = 8.35% 33.18 -6.15
33.19 -6.14
33.47 -5.86
33.61 -5.72
33.71 -5.62
33.92 -5.41
34.12 -5.21
0.37 g1 = 0.025 34.4 -4.93
34.44 -4.89
34.49 -4.84
3.14 g2 = 2.322 34.56 -4.77
34.63 -4.7
35.03 -4.3
35.17 -4.16
35.3 -4.03
35.43 -3.9
35.58 -3.75
35.67 -3.66
35.88 -3.45
35.89 -3.44
36 -3.33
36.38 -2.95
36.47 -2.86
36.53 -2.8
36.81 -2.52
36.84 -2.49
36.85 -2.48
36.88 -2.45
36.92 -2.41
37.51 -1.82
37.65 -1.68
37.69 -1.64
37.78 -1.55
38 -1.33
38.05 -1.28
38.16 -1.17
38.64 -0.69
38.71 -0.62
38.81 -0.52
39.05 -0.28
39.15 -0.18
39.2 -0.13
39.21 -0.12
39.33 0
39.34 0.01
39.6 0.27
39.62 0.29
39.77 0.44
39.93 0.6
39.97 0.64
40.2 0.87
40.27 0.94
40.39 1.06
40.53 1.2
40.71 1.38
40.85 1.52
40.85 1.52
41.64 2.31
41.72 2.39
41.75 2.42
41.78 2.45
41.85 2.52
42.31 2.98
42.47 3.14
43.07 3.74
43.12 3.79
43.26 3.93
43.33 4
43.33 4
43.41 4.08
43.48 4.15
43.48 4.15
43.64 4.31
43.99 4.66
44 4.67
44.07 4.74
44.3 4.97
44.36 5.03
44.36 5.03
44.51 5.18
44.54 5.21
44.59 5.26
44.78 5.45
44.78 5.45
45.19 5.86
45.54 6.21
45.92 6.59
45.97 6.64
 46.01 6.68
46.33 7
46.5 7.17
46.86 7.53
46.99 7.66
47.25 7.92
47.42 8.09
47.61 8.28
47.74 8.41
47.83 8.5
48.37 9.04
48.39 9.06
48.78 9.45
49.57 10.24
49.59 10.26
49.65 10.32
50.91 11.58
50.98 11.65
51.39 12.06
51.9 12.57
53 13.67
53.63 14.3
53.99 14.66
54.04 14.71
54.71 15.38
55.23 15.9
56.6 17.27
56.8 17.47
57.99 18.66
58.34 19.01
65.35 26.02
65.61 26.28
69.07 29.74
70.22 30.89
6450.36
39.33
(X - x̄)² (X - x̄)³ (X - x̄)^4
455.82 -9731.81 207774.15 SD = 9.46
277.56 -4624.08 77037.11
275.23 -4566.03 75750.51 Timber Strength
274.90 -4557.78 75568.03
262.12 -4243.66 68704.85 Mean =
261.47 -4227.95 68365.99 SD =
260.50 -4204.46 67860.04 V =
232.26 -3539.61 53943.59
227.41 -3429.29 51713.67
209.96 -3042.32 44083.24 Sample coefficient of skewness
194.32 -2708.87 37761.66
178.22 -2379.27 31763.26
161.29 -2048.38 26014.46
144.48 -1736.65 20874.59
130.64 -1493.27 17068.09 g1 =
129.96 -1481.54 16889.60
128.37 -1454.42 16478.57 g2 =
125.44 -1404.93 15735.19
118.16 -1284.37 13961.05
113.21 -1204.55 12816.41
112.78 -1197.77 12720.32
111.72 -1180.93 12482.45
110.25 -1157.63 12155.06
107.33 -1111.93 11519.64
107.12 -1108.72 11475.23
104.45 -1067.46 10909.47
88.92 -838.56 7907.64
88.36 -830.58 7807.49
86.68 -806.95 7512.75
86.12 -799.18 7416.38
81.00 -729.00 6561.00
77.44 -681.47 5996.95
64.00 -512.00 4096.00
59.75 -461.89 3570.41
53.44 -390.62 2855.42
53.29 -389.02 2839.82
48.02 -332.81 2306.39
46.92 -321.42 2201.72
44.22 -294.08 1955.63
43.16 -283.59 1863.21
39.31 -246.49 1545.50
38.32 -237.18 1468.12
37.82 -232.61 1430.54
37.70 -231.48 1421.26
34.34 -201.23 1179.21
32.72 -187.15 1070.49
31.58 -177.50 997.57
29.27 -158.34 856.62
27.14 -141.42 736.80
24.30 -119.82 590.73
23.91 -116.93 571.79
23.43 -113.38 548.76
22.75 -108.53 517.69
22.09 -103.82 487.97
18.49 -79.51 341.88
17.31 -71.99 299.48
16.24 -65.45 263.77
15.21 -59.32 231.34
14.06 -52.73 197.75
13.40 -49.03 179.44
11.90 -41.06 141.67
11.83 -40.71 140.03
11.09 -36.93 122.96
8.70 -25.67 75.73
8.18 -23.39 66.91
7.84 -21.95 61.47
6.35 -16.00 40.33
6.20 -15.44 38.44
6.15 -15.25 37.83
6.00 -14.71 36.03
5.81 -14.00 33.73
3.31 -6.03 10.97
2.82 -4.74 7.97
2.69 -4.41 7.23
2.40 -3.72 5.77
1.77 -2.35 3.13
1.64 -2.10 2.68
1.37 -1.60 1.87
0.48 -0.33 0.23
0.38 -0.24 0.15
0.27 -0.14 0.07
0.08 -0.02 0.01
0.03 -0.01 0.00
0.02 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.00 0.00
 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.07 0.02 0.01
0.08 0.02 0.01
0.19 0.09 0.04
0.36 0.22 0.13
0.41 0.26 0.17
0.76 0.66 0.57
0.88 0.83 0.78
1.12 1.19 1.26
1.44 1.73 2.07
1.90 2.63 3.63
2.31 3.51 5.34
2.31 3.51 5.34
5.34 12.33 28.47
5.71 13.65 32.63
5.86 14.17 34.30
6.00 14.71 36.03
6.35 16.00 40.33
8.88 26.46 78.86
9.86 30.96 97.21
13.99 52.31 195.65
14.36 54.44 206.33
15.44 60.70 238.54
16.00 64.00 256.00
16.00 64.00 256.00
16.65 67.92 277.10
17.22 71.47 296.61
17.22 71.47 296.61
18.58 80.06 345.07
21.72 101.19 471.57
21.81 101.85 475.63
22.47 106.50 504.79
24.70 122.76 610.13
25.30 127.26 640.14
25.30 127.26 640.14
26.83 138.99 719.98
27.14 141.42 736.80
27.67 145.53 765.50
29.70 161.88 882.24
29.70 161.88 882.24
34.34 201.23 1179.21
38.56 239.48 1487.19
43.43 286.19 1886.00
44.09 292.75 1943.89
 44.62 298.08 1991.16
49.00 343.00 2401.00
51.41 368.60 2642.87
56.70 426.96 3214.99
58.68 449.46 3442.83
62.73 496.79 3934.60
65.45 529.48 4283.45
68.56 567.66 4700.25
70.73 594.82 5002.46
72.25 614.13 5220.06
81.72 738.76 6678.42
82.08 743.68 6737.72
89.30 843.91 7974.94
104.86 1073.74 10995.12
105.27 1080.05 11081.27
106.50 1099.10 11342.76
134.10 1552.84 17981.84
135.72 1581.17 18420.60
145.44 1754.05 21153.84
158.00 1986.12 24965.55
186.87 2554.50 34919.99
204.49 2924.21 41816.16
214.92 3150.66 46188.72
216.38 3183.01 46822.08
236.54 3638.05 55953.25
252.81 4019.68 63912.90
298.25 5150.83 88954.79
305.20 5331.86 93147.59
348.20 6497.33 121240.18
361.38 6869.84 130595.58
677.04 17616.59 458383.70
690.64 18149.98 476981.40
884.47 26304.07 782282.94
954.19 29474.99 910482.56
14585.61 74289.90 4694497.121
N/sq.mm

39.33 N/sq.mm
9.46 N/sq.mm
24%

0.54

3.57
 Compressive
Timber Strength Srength This chart isn't available in your version of Excel.
(N/sq.mm) (N/sq.mm)
17.98 49.9 Editing this shape or saving this workbook into a different file format will perman
22.67 50.7
22.74 52.5
22.75 53.2
23.14 53.4
23.16 54.4
23.19 54.6
24.09 55.8
24.25 56.3
24.84 56.7
25.39 56.9
25.98 57.8
26.63 57.9
27.31 58.8
27.9 58.9
27.93 59
28 59.6
28.13 59.8
28.46 59.8
28.69 60
28.71 60.2 Timber Strength
28.76 60.5
28.83 60.5 1.5 iqr below 15.90
28.97 60.5 X min 17.98
28.98 60.9 Q1 33.10
29.11 60.9 Q2 39.10
29.9 61.1 Q3 44.57
29.93 61.5 X max 70.22
30.02 61.9 1.5 iqr above 61.76
30.05 63.3
30.33 63.4
30.53 64.9 critical distances for detecting outliers
31.33 64.9 iqr=Q3 - Q1 11.47
31.6 65.7 1.5 iqr 17.20
32.02 67.2
32.03 67.3
32.4 68.1
32.48 68.3
32.68 68.9
32.76 69.5
33.06
33.14
33.18
33.19
33.47
33.61
33.71
33.92
34.12
34.4
34.44
34.49
34.56
34.63
35.03
35.17
35.3
35.43
35.58
35.67
35.88
35.89
36
36.38
36.47
36.53
36.81
36.84
36.85
36.88
36.92
37.51
37.65
37.69
37.78
38
38.05
38.16
38.64
38.71
38.81
39.05
39.15
39.2
39.21
39.33
39.34
39.6
39.62
39.77
39.93
39.97
40.2
40.27
40.39
40.53
40.71
40.85
40.85
41.64
41.72
41.75
41.78
41.85
42.31
42.47
43.07
43.12
43.26
43.33
43.33
43.41
43.48
43.48
43.64
43.99
44
44.07
44.3
44.36
44.36
44.51
44.54
44.59
44.78
44.78
45.19
45.54
45.92
45.97
46.01
46.33
46.5
46.86
46.99
47.25
47.42
47.61
47.74
47.83
48.37
48.39
48.78
49.57
49.59
49.65
50.91
50.98
51.39
51.9
53
53.63
53.99
54.04
54.71
55.23
56.6
56.8
57.99
58.34
65.35
65.61
69.07
70.22
nt file format will permanently break the chart.

Differences Compressive Srength Differences

46.98
17.98 49.90 49.90
15.12 56.80 6.90
6.00 60.10 3.30
5.47 63.35 3.25
25.66 69.50 6.15
73.18

6.6
9.83
 Density Compressive Strength
Date
(kg/cu.m) (N/sq.mm)

X (X - x̄) (X - x̄)² Y (y - ȳ)
7 February 1992 2436 -8.93 79.66 49.9 -10.24
13 September 1991 2415 -29.93 895.51 50.7 -9.44
6 September 1991 2436 -8.93 79.66 52.5 -7.64
20 September 1991 2436 -8.93 79.66 53.2 -6.94
14 April 1992 2427 -17.93 321.31 53.4 -6.74
9 July 1991 2427 -17.93 321.31 54.4 -5.74
3 September 1991 2469 24.07 579.61 54.6 -5.54
23 September 1991 2447 2.07 4.31 55.8 -4.34
2 September 1991 2455 10.07 101.51 56.3 -3.84
2 October 1991 2449 4.07 16.61 56.7 -3.44
31 March 1992 2428 -16.93 286.46 56.9 -3.24
28 January 1992 2435 -9.93 98.51 57.8 -2.34
30 September 1991 2441 -3.93 15.41 57.9 -2.24
8 July 1991 2411 -33.93 1150.91 58.8 -1.34
12 July 1991 2454 9.07 82.36 58.9 -1.24
10 September 1991 2448 3.07 9.46 59 -1.14
9 October 1991 2436 -8.93 79.66 59.6 -0.54
26 June 1992 2425 -19.93 397.01 59.8 -0.34
3 October 1991 2454 9.07 82.36 59.8 -0.34
14 October 1991 2445 0.07 0.01 60 -0.14
27 September 1991 2457 12.07 145.81 60.2 0.06
21 September 1992 2437 -7.93 62.81 60.5 0.36
4 December 1991 2433 -11.93 142.21 60.5 0.36
7 October 1991 2450 5.07 25.76 60.5 0.36
29 June 1992 2437 -7.93 62.81 60.9 0.76
18 December 1991 2446 1.07 1.16 60.9 0.76
17 September 1991 2458 13.07 170.96 61.1 0.96
18 October 1991 2472 27.07 733.06 61.5 1.36
6 December 1991 2441 -3.93 15.41 61.9 1.76
9 September 1991 2445 0.07 0.01 63.3 3.16
5 December 1991 2447 2.07 4.31 63.4 3.26
6 December 1991 2444 -0.93 0.86 64.9 4.76
29 August 1991 2473 28.07 788.21 64.9 4.76
22 October 1991 2471 26.07 679.91 65.7 5.56
6 December 1991 2456 11.07 122.66 67.2 7.06
19 March 1992 2448 3.07 9.46 67.3 7.16
 3 December 1991 2429 -15.93 253.61 68.1 7.96
2 December 1991 2435 -9.93 98.51 68.3 8.16
9 March 1992 2456 11.07 122.66 68.9 8.76
23 August 1991 2488 43.07 1855.46 69.5 9.36
 Correlation and graphical plots
mpressive Strength 80
(X - x̄)(y - ȳ)
(N/sq.mm)

Compressive Strength (N/sq.mm)

70
(y - ȳ)²
104.81 91.37 60
89.07 282.42
58.33 68.16
50
48.13 61.92
45.39 120.77
40
32.92 102.84 2400 2420 2440 2460 2480 2500
30.66 -133.32 Density (kg/cu.m)
18.81 -9.00
14.73 -38.66
11.82 -14.01
10.48 54.79 x̄ = 2444.93
5.46 23.20 ȳ= 60.14
5.01 8.78
1.79 45.37 Σ (X - x̄) = 0.00
1.53 -11.23
1.29 -3.50 Σ (y - ȳ) = 0.00
0.29 4.80
0.11 6.72 Σ (X - x̄)² = 9976.78
0.11 -3.06
0.02 -0.01 Σ (y - ȳ)² = 980.81
0.00 0.75
0.13 -2.87 Σ (X - x̄)(y - ȳ) = 1365.21
0.13 -4.32
0.13 1.84
0.58 -6.04
0.58 0.82
0.93 12.58
1.86 36.89
3.11 -6.92
10.00 0.24
10.64 6.77
22.68 -4.41
22.68 133.71
30.94 145.04
49.88 78.22
51.30 22.02
63.40 -126.80
66.63 -81.01
76.78 97.04
87.66 403.29
 DO BOD
x (X - x̄) (X - x̄)² Y (y - ȳ) (y - ȳ)² (X - x̄)(y - ȳ)
8.15 0.64 0.41 2.27 -0.95 0.90 -0.61
5.45 -2.06 4.24 4.41 1.19 1.42 -2.46
6.05 -1.46 2.13 4.03 0.81 0.66 -1.19
6.49 -1.02 1.04 3.75 0.53 0.28 -0.54
6.11 -1.40 1.96 3.37 0.15 0.02 -0.21
6.46 -1.05 1.10 3.23 0.01 0.00 -0.01
6.22 -1.29 1.66 3.18 -0.04 0.00 0.05
6.05 -1.46 2.13 4.08 0.86 0.74 -1.26
6.3 -1.21 1.46 4 0.78 0.61 -0.95
6.53 -0.98 0.96 3.92 0.70 0.49 -0.69
6.74 -0.77 0.59 3.83 0.61 0.37 -0.47
6.9 -0.61 0.37 3.74 0.52 0.27 -0.32
7.05 -0.46 0.21 3.66 0.44 0.20 -0.20
7.19 -0.32 0.10 3.58 0.36 0.13 -0.12
7.55 0.04 0.00 3.16 -0.06 0.00 0.00
6.92 -0.59 0.35 3.43 0.21 0.05 -0.13
7.11 -0.40 0.16 3.36 0.14 0.02 -0.06
7.28 -0.23 0.05 3.3 0.08 0.01 -0.02
7.44 -0.07 0.00 3.24 0.02 0.00 0.00
7.6 0.09 0.01 3.19 -0.03 0.00 0.00
7.28 -0.23 0.05 3.22 0.00 0.00 0.00
7.44 -0.07 0.00 3.17 -0.05 0.00 0.00
7.59 0.08 0.01 3.13 -0.09 0.01 -0.01
7.73 0.22 0.05 3.08 -0.14 0.02 -0.03
7.85 0.34 0.12 3.04 -0.18 0.03 -0.06
7.97 0.46 0.21 3 -0.22 0.05 -0.10
8.09 0.58 0.34 2.96 -0.26 0.07 -0.15
8.19 0.68 0.46 2.93 -0.29 0.08 -0.20
8.29 0.78 0.61 2.89 -0.33 0.11 -0.26
8.38 0.87 0.76 2.86 -0.36 0.13 -0.31
8.46 0.95 0.90 2.82 -0.40 0.16 -0.38
8.54 1.03 1.06 2.79 -0.43 0.18 -0.44
8.62 1.11 1.23 2.76 -0.46 0.21 -0.51
8.69 1.18 1.39 2.73 -0.49 0.24 -0.58
8.76 1.25 1.56 2.7 -0.52 0.27 -0.65
9.26 1.75 3.06 2.51 -0.71 0.50 -1.24
9.31 1.80 3.24 2.49 -0.73 0.53 -1.31
9.35 1.84 3.38 2.46 -0.76 0.57 -1.39
 x̄ = 7.51
ȳ= 3.22

Σ (X - x̄) = 0.00

Σ (y - ȳ) = 0.00

Σ (X - x̄)² = 37.40

Σ (y - ȳ)² = 9.34

Σ (X - x̄)(y - ȳ) = -16.78

= -0.90

Water quality
5

4
BOD (mg/L)

1
5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10
DO (mg/L)
Density (X) Compressive Strength (y)
2411 49.9
2415 50.7
2425 52.5
Q-Q plot of concrete test data from Table E.1.2
2427 53.2
2427 53.4 80

Compressive Strength (N/sq.mm)

2428 54.4
2429 54.6 70
2433 55.8
2435 56.3 60
2435 56.7
2436 56.9
50
2436 57.8
2436 57.9
2436 58.8 40
2400 2420 2440 2460 2480 2500
2437 58.9
Density (kg/cu.m
2437 59
2441 59.6
2441 59.8
2444 59.8
2445 60
2445 60.2
2446 60.5
2447 60.5
2447 60.5
2448 60.9
2448 60.9
2449 61.1
2450 61.5
2454 61.9
2454 63.3
2455 63.4
2456 64.9
2456 64.9
2457 65.7
2458 67.2
2469 67.3
2471 68.1
2472 68.3
2473 68.9
2488 69.5
om Table E.1.2

60 2480 2500
m
Timber Strength
(X - x̄) (X - x̄)² (X - x̄)³ (X - x̄)^4
17.98 -21.35 455.82 -9731.81 207774.15
22.67 -16.66 277.56 -4624.08 77037.11
22.74 -16.59 275.23 -4566.03 75750.51
22.75 -16.58 274.90 -4557.78 75568.03
23.14 -16.19 262.12 -4243.66 68704.85
23.16 -16.17 261.47 -4227.95 68365.99
23.19 -16.14 260.50 -4204.46 67860.04
24.09 -15.24 232.26 -3539.61 53943.59
24.25 -15.08 227.41 -3429.29 51713.67
24.84 -14.49 209.96 -3042.32 44083.24
25.39 -13.94 194.32 -2708.87 37761.66
25.98 -13.35 178.22 -2379.27 31763.26
26.63 -12.7 161.29 -2048.38 26014.46
27.31 -12.02 144.48 -1736.65 20874.59
27.9 -11.43 130.64 -1493.27 17068.09
27.93 -11.4 129.96 -1481.54 16889.60
28 -11.33 128.37 -1454.42 16478.57
28.13 -11.2 125.44 -1404.93 15735.19
28.46 -10.87 118.16 -1284.37 13961.05
28.69 -10.64 113.21 -1204.55 12816.41
28.71 -10.62 112.78 -1197.77 12720.32
28.76 -10.57 111.72 -1180.93 12482.45
28.83 -10.5 110.25 -1157.63 12155.06
28.97 -10.36 107.33 -1111.93 11519.64
28.98 -10.35 107.12 -1108.72 11475.23
29.11 -10.22 104.45 -1067.46 10909.47
29.9 -9.43 88.92 -838.56 7907.64
29.93 -9.4 88.36 -830.58 7807.49
30.02 -9.31 86.68 -806.95 7512.75
30.05 -9.28 86.12 -799.18 7416.38
30.33 -9 81.00 -729.00 6561.00
30.53 -8.8 77.44 -681.47 5996.95
31.33 -8 64.00 -512.00 4096.00
31.6 -7.73 59.75 -461.89 3570.41
32.02 -7.31 53.44 -390.62 2855.42
32.03 -7.3 53.29 -389.02 2839.82
32.4 -6.93 48.02 -332.81 2306.39
32.48 -6.85 46.92 -321.42 2201.72
32.68 -6.65 44.22 -294.08 1955.63
32.76 -6.57 43.16 -283.59 1863.21
33.06 -6.27 39.31 -246.49 1545.50
33.14 -6.19 38.32 -237.18 1468.12
33.18 -6.15 37.82 -232.61 1430.54
33.19 -6.14 37.70 -231.48 1421.26
33.47 -5.86 34.34 -201.23 1179.21
33.61 -5.72 32.72 -187.15 1070.49
33.71 -5.62 31.58 -177.50 997.57
33.92 -5.41 29.27 -158.34 856.62
34.12 -5.21 27.14 -141.42 736.80
34.4 -4.93 24.30 -119.82 590.73
34.44 -4.89 23.91 -116.93 571.79
34.49 -4.84 23.43 -113.38 548.76
34.56 -4.77 22.75 -108.53 517.69
34.63 -4.7 22.09 -103.82 487.97
35.03 -4.3 18.49 -79.51 341.88
35.17 -4.16 17.31 -71.99 299.48
35.3 -4.03 16.24 -65.45 263.77
35.43 -3.9 15.21 -59.32 231.34
35.58 -3.75 14.06 -52.73 197.75
35.67 -3.66 13.40 -49.03 179.44
35.88 -3.45 11.90 -41.06 141.67
35.89 -3.44 11.83 -40.71 140.03
36 -3.33 11.09 -36.93 122.96
36.38 -2.95 8.70 -25.67 75.73
36.47 -2.86 8.18 -23.39 66.91
36.53 -2.8 7.84 -21.95 61.47
36.81 -2.52 6.35 -16.00 40.33
36.84 -2.49 6.20 -15.44 38.44
36.85 -2.48 6.15 -15.25 37.83
36.88 -2.45 6.00 -14.71 36.03
36.92 -2.41 5.81 -14.00 33.73
37.51 -1.82 3.31 -6.03 10.97
37.65 -1.68 2.82 -4.74 7.97
37.69 -1.64 2.69 -4.41 7.23
37.78 -1.55 2.40 -3.72 5.77
38 -1.33 1.77 -2.35 3.13
38.05 -1.28 1.64 -2.10 2.68
38.16 -1.17 1.37 -1.60 1.87
38.64 -0.69 0.48 -0.33 0.23
38.71 -0.62 0.38 -0.24 0.15
38.81 -0.52 0.27 -0.14 0.07
39.05 -0.28 0.08 -0.02 0.01
39.15 -0.18 0.03 -0.01 0.00
39.2 -0.13 0.02 0.00 0.00
39.21 -0.12 0.01 0.00 0.00
39.33 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
39.34 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
 39.6 0.27 0.07 0.02 0.01
39.62 0.29 0.08 0.02 0.01
39.77 0.44 0.19 0.09 0.04
39.93 0.6 0.36 0.22 0.13
39.97 0.64 0.41 0.26 0.17
40.2 0.87 0.76 0.66 0.57
40.27 0.94 0.88 0.83 0.78
40.39 1.06 1.12 1.19 1.26
40.53 1.2 1.44 1.73 2.07
40.71 1.38 1.90 2.63 3.63
40.85 1.52 2.31 3.51 5.34
40.85 1.52 2.31 3.51 5.34
41.64 2.31 5.34 12.33 28.47
41.72 2.39 5.71 13.65 32.63
41.75 2.42 5.86 14.17 34.30
41.78 2.45 6.00 14.71 36.03
41.85 2.52 6.35 16.00 40.33
42.31 2.98 8.88 26.46 78.86
42.47 3.14 9.86 30.96 97.21
43.07 3.74 13.99 52.31 195.65
43.12 3.79 14.36 54.44 206.33
43.26 3.93 15.44 60.70 238.54
43.33 4 16.00 64.00 256.00
43.33 4 16.00 64.00 256.00
43.41 4.08 16.65 67.92 277.10
43.48 4.15 17.22 71.47 296.61
43.48 4.15 17.22 71.47 296.61
43.64 4.31 18.58 80.06 345.07
43.99 4.66 21.72 101.19 471.57
44 4.67 21.81 101.85 475.63
44.07 4.74 22.47 106.50 504.79
44.3 4.97 24.70 122.76 610.13
44.36 5.03 25.30 127.26 640.14
44.36 5.03 25.30 127.26 640.14
44.51 5.18 26.83 138.99 719.98
44.54 5.21 27.14 141.42 736.80
44.59 5.26 27.67 145.53 765.50
44.78 5.45 29.70 161.88 882.24
44.78 5.45 29.70 161.88 882.24
45.19 5.86 34.34 201.23 1179.21
45.54 6.21 38.56 239.48 1487.19
45.92 6.59 43.43 286.19 1886.00
45.97 6.64 44.09 292.75 1943.89
46.01 6.68 44.62 298.08 1991.16
46.33 7 49.00 343.00 2401.00
 46.5 7.17 51.41 368.60 2642.87
46.86 7.53 56.70 426.96 3214.99
46.99 7.66 58.68 449.46 3442.83
47.25 7.92 62.73 496.79 3934.60
47.42 8.09 65.45 529.48 4283.45
47.61 8.28 68.56 567.66 4700.25
47.74 8.41 70.73 594.82 5002.46
47.83 8.5 72.25 614.13 5220.06
48.37 9.04 81.72 738.76 6678.42
48.39 9.06 82.08 743.68 6737.72
48.78 9.45 89.30 843.91 7974.94
49.57 10.24 104.86 1073.74 10995.12
49.59 10.26 105.27 1080.05 11081.27
49.65 10.32 106.50 1099.10 11342.76
50.91 11.58 134.10 1552.84 17981.84
50.98 11.65 135.72 1581.17 18420.60
51.39 12.06 145.44 1754.05 21153.84
51.9 12.57 158.00 1986.12 24965.55
53 13.67 186.87 2554.50 34919.99
53.63 14.3 204.49 2924.21 41816.16
53.99 14.66 214.92 3150.66 46188.72
54.04 14.71 216.38 3183.01 46822.08
54.71 15.38 236.54 3638.05 55953.25
55.23 15.9 252.81 4019.68 63912.90
56.6 17.27 298.25 5150.83 88954.79
56.8 17.47 305.20 5331.86 93147.59
57.99 18.66 348.20 6497.33 121240.18
58.34 19.01 361.38 6869.84 130595.58
65.35 26.02 677.04 17616.59 458383.70
65.61 26.28 690.64 18149.98 476981.40
69.07 29.74 884.47 26304.07 782282.94
70.22 30.89 954.19 29474.99 910482.56
6450.36 14585.61 74289.90 4694497.121
39.33
SD = 9.46 N/sq.mm

Timber Strength

Mean = 39.33 N/sq.mm

SD = 9.46 N/sq.mm
V = 24%

Sample coefficient of skewness

g1 = 0.54

g2 = 3.57
E

Timber Strength Concrete Test

Mean = 39.33 N/sq.mm

SD = 9.46 N/sq.mm Density
V = 24% Mean
SD
V
 Compressive Srength
= 2444.93 kg/cu.m Mean = 60.14 N/sq.mm
= 15.99 kg/cu.m SD = 5.02 N/sq.mm
= 0.65% V = 8.3%