RAMOS, MA. JESSICA CHRISTINA M.

BS MATH 2-1 COLLEGE PHYSICS (LABORATORY)

Meter ruler Meter ruler is used to measure the length, wideness and thickness of an object. Vernier caliper Vernier caliper is a precision instrument that can be used to measure internal and external distances extremely accurately. Micrometer caliper Micrometer caliper is used for measuring thicknesses and external diameters. It is the instrument of the greatest degree of precision used in machine-shop measuring. Mass balance A mass balance is an application of conservation of mass to the analysis of physical systems. Mass balances are used widely in engineering and environmental analyses. For example mass balance theory is used to design chemical reactors, analyze alternative processes to produce chemicals as well as in pollution dispersion models and other models of physical systems. Closely related and complementary analysis techniques include the population balance, energy balance and the somewhat more complex entropy balance. These techniques are required for thorough design and analysis of systems such as the refrigeration. Spring balance Spring balance is a weighing device that utilizes the relation between the applied load and the deformation of a spring. It is used to measure weight or force. It is widely used commercially. Those with high-load capacities are frequently suspended from crane hooks and are known as crane scales. Smaller units for household use are called fish scales. Force table A force board (or force table) is a common physics lab apparatus that has three (or more) chains or cables attached to a center ring. The chains or cables exert forces upon the center ring in three different directions. Typically the experimenter adjusts the direction of the three forces, makes measurements of the amount of force in each direction, and determines the vector sum of three forces. Forces perpendicular to the plane of the force board are typically ignored in the analysis. It is use with a ring, bench pulley, and string. Force frame Force frame is used with pin, string and double pulley, use for making force. It generates the fictitious force that would transform one reference frame into the other in a single time step.

Stopwatch A stopwatch is a handheld timepiece designed to measure the amount of time elapsed from a particular time when activated to when the piece is deactivated. Linear motion apparatus Linear motion apparatus provides accurate linear motion in machinery and other devices. OTHER 10 LABORATORY APPARATUS Voltmeter A voltmeter is an instrument used to measure voltage. For instance, a voltmeter can be used to see if there is more electricity left in a battery. Pendulum A pendulum is a weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely. When a pendulum is displaced from its resting equilibrium position, it is subject to a restoring force due to gravity that will accelerate it back toward the equilibrium position. When released, the restoring force combined with the pendulum's mass causes it to oscillate about the equilibrium position, swinging back and forth. The time for one complete cycle, a left swing and a right swing, is called the period. A pendulum swings with a specific period which depends (mainly) on its length. Pendulums are used to regulate pendulum clocks, and are used in scientific instruments such as accelerometers and seismometers. Historically they were used as gravimeters to measure the acceleration of gravity in geophysical surveys, and even as a standard of length. Rheostat Rheostat is a device which is used to vary the resistance in an electrical circuit without interrupting the circuit. It is used to set lighting levels for comfort or mood, allowing people to change light levels without needing to change lights. Rheostats are also used in a number of electrical applications and a variety of industries. Many companies manufacture these devices and people can also make their own, as is sometimes done in science classes to introduce students to the topic of electrical resistance. Potentiometer A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. It is commonly used to control electrical devices such as volume controls on audio equipment. Potentiometers are rarely used to directly control significant power (more than a watt), since the power dissipated in the potentiometer would be comparable to the power in the controlled load (see infinite switch). Instead they are used to adjust the level of analog signals (e.g. volume controls on audio equipment), and as control inputs for electronic circuits.

Capacitor A capacitor is a device for storing electric charge. Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while allowing alternating to pass, in filter networks, for smoothing the output of power supplies, in the resonant circuits that tune radios to particular frequencies and for many other purposes. Galvanometer Galvanometer is an instrument used to detect, measure, and determine the direction of small electric currents by means of mechanical effects produced by a current carrying coil in a magnetic field. Induction coils An induction coil or "spark coil" is a type of disruptive discharge coil. It is a type of electrical transformer used to produce high-voltage pulses from a low-voltage direct current (DC) supply. The term 'induction coil' is also used for a coil carrying highfrequency alternating current (AC), producing eddy currents to heat objects placed in the interior of the coil, in induction heating or zone melting equipment. Micrometer screw The term micrometer screw generally applies to a matched ultra fine thread screw and nut integration that is used to provide extremely precise axial linear positioning as a result of turning the screw a specified number of degrees. Micrometer screws are described by the screw diameter size designation as well as the exact linear displacement per single revolution of the set. Such micrometer screws sets are used in a wide variety of precision measurement, fine mechanism adjustments and metering devices. Multimeter A multimeter or a multitester, also known as VOM (Volt-Ohm meter), is an electronic measuring that combines several measurement functions in one unit. A typical multimeter may include features such as the ability to measure voltage, current and resistance. A multimeter can be a hand-held device useful for basic fault finding and field service work or a bench which can measure to a very high degree of accuracy. They can be used to troubleshoot electrical problems in a wide array of industrial and household devices such as electronic, motor controls, domestic appliances, power supplies, and wiring systems. Power supply A power supply is a device that supplies electrical energy to one or more electric loads. The term is most commonly applied to devices that convert one form of electrical energy to another, though it may also refer to devices that convert another form of energy (e.g., mechanical, chemical, solar) to electrical energy.