CommSysMM3 06

Communication Systems
by Petar Popovski & Hans Peter Schwefel
Mm1 Mm2 Mm3 Mm4 Mm5
Cellular concept (PP) Multiple access techniques (PP) Introduction to GSM & GPRS (hps) Wireless Personal Area Networks and Bluetooth (PP) WLAN and WIMAX (PP/hps)
www.kom.auc.dk/~hps/
Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06 Page 1
Hans Peter Schwefel
Intro: Cellular systems

Geographic region subdivided in radio cells Base Station provides radio connectivity to Mobile Station within cell Handover to neighbouring base station when necessary Base Stations connected by some networking infrastructure
Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06
Page 2
Hans Peter Schwefel
Cellular systems: technologies & subscribers

1200 1000 Subscribers [million] GSM total TDMA total CDMA total 600 PDC total Analogue total 400 Total wireless Prediction (1998)
800
200
0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
year
Page 3
Hans Peter Schwefel
Content
1. Introduction
Cellular Concepts & Technologies Network Architecture, Air Interface Signalling/Call Setup, Mobility Support Data Services, HSCSD GPRS: Architecture, Air-Interface, Core-Network Modifications UMTS domains and architecture PDP contexts, APNs, TFTs Bearers full network architecture
2. GSM
3. GPRS & UMTS 4. IP transport in Packet Switched UMTS/GPRS Networks
Exercise
Page 4
Hans Peter Schwefel
GSM: Global System for Mobile Communication

History:
2nd Generation of Mobile Telephony Networks 1982: Groupe Spciale Mobile (GSM) founded 1987: First Standards defined 1991: Global System for Mobile Communication, Standardisation by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standardisation Institute) First European Standard 1995: Fully in Operation Deployed in more than 184 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, America) more than 747 million subscribers more than 70% of all digital mobile phones use GSM over 10 billion SMS per month in Germany, > 360 billion/year worldwide
Today:
Page 5
Hans Peter Schwefel
GSM Architecture
Components:
BTS: Base Transceiver Station BSC: Base Station Controller MSC: Mobile Switching Center HLR/VLR: Home/Visitor Location Register AuC: Authentication Center EIR: Equipment Identity Register OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center
Radio Subsystem (RSS)

Base Station Subsystem
Um Abis
Network and Switchung Subsystem
Operation Subsystem
VLR MS BTS BSC HLR AuC
MS BTS BSC MSC
OMC
Transmission:
Circuit switched transfer Radio link capacity: 9.6 kb/s (FDMA/TDMA) Duration based charging
MS BTS
EIR
Connection to ISDN, PDN PSTN
Radio Link
Page 6
Hans Peter Schwefel
GSM Services
Traditional voice services
voice telephony
primary goal of GSM was to enable mobile telephony offering the traditional bandwidth of 3.1 kHz common number throughout Europe (112); mandatory for all service providers; free of charge; connection with the highest priority (preemption of other connections possible) several ISDN phone numbers per user possible
emergency number Multinumbering
voice mailbox (implemented in the fixed network supporting the mobile terminals) Supplementary services, e.g.: identification, call forwarding, number suppression, conferencing Non-Voice Services (examples) Fax Transmissions electronic mail (MHS, Message Handling System, implemented in the fixed network) Short Message Service (SMS)
alphanumeric data transmission to/from the mobile terminal using the signaling channel, thus allowing simultaneous use of basic services and SMS
Page 7
Hans Peter Schwefel
GSM: Radio Technology

Cellular Concept:
segmentation of geographical area into cells
Cell sizes vary from some 100 m up to 35 km depending on user density, geography, transceiver power etc. hexagonal shape of cells is idealized (cells overlap, shapes depend on geography) cell
possible radio coverage of the cell idealized shape of the cell
use of several carrier frequencies avoid same frequency in adjoining cells if a mobile user changes cells handover of the connection to the neighbor cell
Page 8
Hans Peter Schwefel
GSM: Air Interface I

Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
Separate up-link (MT BTS) and down-link (BTS MT) traffic
Two 25MHZ bands
Distinguish 124 adjacent channels within each band

Each channel 200kHz
Frequenzband der Mobilstation Frequenzband der Basisstation
Uplink 890 915 MHz 935
Downlink 960
Radio Network Planning:

Determine location of BTS Determine number of TRX per BTS Multiple transceivers (TRX) per BTS (e.g. 1,4 ,or 12) simultaneous use of different FDMA channels Assign subsets of 124 channels to BTSs
Page 9
Kanle: 1 2 3 200 kHz 124
Hans Peter Schwefel
GSM: Air Interface II

TDMA Frame
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

Within each channel: sequence of TDMA frames TDMA frames subdivided into 8 time-sots
0 1 2
4,615 ms
time slot: data bits 57 3 tail bits 1 toggle bit training 26 1 toggle bit
data bits
57 3 tail bits
burst 148 bit
time slot 156,25 bit 0,577 ms

Page 10
Hans Peter Schwefel
GSM: TDMA hierarchy of frames

hyperframe ... superframe 0 0 1 1 multiframe 0 1 0 1 ... 2 frame 0 1 slot burst
2045 2046 2047 3 h 28 min 53.76 s
... ...
48 24
49
50 25 6.12 s
24 ...
25 48 49 50
120 ms 235.4 ms
...
4.615 ms 577 s
Hans Peter Schwefel
GSM Air Interface: Combination of TDMA & FDMA

fre qu en cy
935-960 MHz 124 channels (200 kHz) downlink 890-915 MHz 124 channels (200 kHz) uplink
higher GSM frame structures

time
GSM TDMA frame 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4.615 ms GSM time-slot (normal burst)

guard space tail user data S Training S user data tail guard space
3 bits
57 bits
1 26 bits 1
Page 12
57 bits
546.5 s 577 s
Hans Peter Schwefel
GSM: Logical Channels
Page 13
Hans Peter Schwefel
Functionalities in Radio Subsystem

BTS comprises radio specific functions BSC is the switching center for radio channels
Functions Management of radio channels Frequency hopping (FH) Management of terrestrial channels Mapping of terrestrial onto radio channels Channel coding and decoding Rate adaptation Encryption and decryption Paging Uplink signal measurements Traffic measurement Authentication Location registry, location update Handover management BTS X X X X X X BSC X X X X X X X X X X
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Hans Peter Schwefel
Overview: GSM protocol layers for signaling

Um MS
CM MM RR RR LAPDm radio LAPDm radio BTSM LAPD PCM
BSSAP
Abis BTS BSC
A MSC
CM
MM BSSAP SS7
PCM RR BTSM LAPD PCM
SS7
PCM
16/64 kbit/s
64 kbit/s / 2.048 Mbit/s
Page 15
Hans Peter Schwefel
Example: Mobile Terminated Call

1. calling a GSM subscriber 2. forwarding call to GMSC 3. signal call setup to HLR 4. 5. request MSRN from VLR 6. forward responsible MSC to GMSC 7. forward call to current MSC 8, 9. get current status of MS 10, 11. paging of MS 12, 13. MS answers 14, 15. security checks 16, 17. set up connection
HLR
4 5 7
VLR
3 6
calling station 1 PSTN
8 9 14 15
MSC
GMSC
10
BSS
10 13 16
BSS
10
BSS
11
11 11 12 17
MS
11
Page 16
Hans Peter Schwefel
Example: Message flow

between MS and BTS for Mobile Terminated Call
MS
MTC
paging request channel request immediate assignment paging response authentication request authentication response ciphering command ciphering complete setup call confirmed assignment command assignment complete alerting connect connect acknowledge data/speech exchange
BTS
Page 17
Hans Peter Schwefel
Mobility Support I: Types of handover

1 MS 2 MS 3 MS 4 MS
BTS
BTS BSC
BTS BSC MSC
BTS BSC MSC
Page 18
Hans Peter Schwefel
Mobility Support II: Handover decision

receive level BTSold receive level BTSold
HO_MARGIN MS BTSold MS BTSnew
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Hans Peter Schwefel
Mobility support III: Handover procedure

MSC MS BTSold BSCold measurement measurement report result HO decision HO required BSCnew BTSnew
HO request resource allocation ch. activation
HO command
HO command
HO command
HO request ack ch. activation ack
HO access
Link establishment clear command clear complete clear command clear complete HO complete HO complete
Page 20
Hans Peter Schwefel
Mobile Communication & Data Traffic

The future Internet will mainly be accessed by mobile devices
1800 Subscriptions worldwide (millions) 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1995 2000 2005 2010
Mobile Fixed Mobile Internet Fixed Internet
Mobile Subscribers
Mobile Internet Subscribers
Page 21
Hans Peter Schwefel
Data services in GSM

Data transmission standardized with only 9.6 kbit/s
advanced coding allows 14,4 kbit/s not enough for Internet and multimedia applications
HSCSD (High-Speed Circuit Switched Data)

mainly software update bundling of several time-slots to get higher AIUR (Air Interface User Rate) (e.g., 57.6 kbit/s using 4 slots, 14.4 each) advantage: ready to use, constant quality, simple disadvantage: channels blocked for voice transmission
AIUR [kbit/s] 4.8 9.6 14.4 19.2 28.8 38.4 43.2 57.6
TCH/F4.8 1 2 3 4
TCH/F9.6 1
TCH/F14.4 1
2 3 4
2 3 4
Page 22
Hans Peter Schwefel
Content
1. Introduction
2. GSM
Exercise
Page 23
Hans Peter Schwefel
GPRS: General Packet Radio Service

Packet Switched Extension of GSM 1996: new standard developed by ETSI Components integrated in GSM architecture Improvements: Packet-switched transmission Higher transmission rates on radio link (multiple time-slots) Volume based charging Always ON mode possible Operation started in 2001 (Germany)
Page 24
Hans Peter Schwefel
GPRS - Architecture
Components:
CCU: Channel Coding Unit PCU: Packet Control Unit SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node GR: GPRS Register
GSM GPRS
Components BSS Um MS
Transmission:
Packet Based Transmission Radio link: Radio transmission identical to GSM Different coding schemes (CS1-4) Use of Multiple Time Slots Volume Based Charging
A Abis
B T S B S C
Gs
C C U P C U
Gb
Gp Other
PLMN
Gn
MSC
SGSN
GGSN
Gi
HLR
G
GR
Gr
PDN
Page 25
Hans Peter Schwefel
GPRS: Channel Coding and Multiplexing

Time Slot (MS-> BTS) Coding Scheme 1
Selection of Coding depending on quality of radio connection
1
9,05 kbit/s
2
9,05 kbit/s
3
9,05 kbit/s
..... ..... ..... ..... .....
8
9,05 kbit/s
Coding Scheme 2 Coding Scheme 3
13,4 kbit/s 15,6 kbit/s 21,4 kbit/s
optimal radio quality: no interference, etc.
Coding Scheme 4
Overall transmission rate
72.4.......171,2 kbit/s
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Hans Peter Schwefel
Examples for GPRS device classes

Class 1 2 3 5 8 10 12 Receiving slots Sending slots 1 2 2 2 4 4 4 1 1 2 2 1 2 4 Maximum number of slots 2 3 3 4 5 5 5
Page 27
Hans Peter Schwefel
GPRS user data rates in kbit/s
Coding scheme CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4
1 slot
2 slots
3 slots
4 slots
5 slots
6 slots
7 slots
8 slots
9.05 13.4 15.6 21.4
18.2 26.8 31.2 42.8
27.15 40.2 46.8 64.2
36.2 53.6 62.4 85.6
45.25 67 78 107
54.3 80.4 93.6 128.4
63.35 93.8 109.2 149.8
72.4 107.2 124.8 171.2
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Hans Peter Schwefel
GPRS: channel types
Page 29
Hans Peter Schwefel
Example: Channel Assignment

4 TRX 4 FDMA channels 32 time slots 3 Signalling Channels 1TS: FCCH, SCH, BCCH (PBCCH), PAGCH, RACH (PRACH) 2 TS: SDCCH 29 Tracffic Channels (TCH/PDTCH) GSM calls only GPRS calls only Common channels
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Hans Peter Schwefel
GPRS architecture and interfaces

SGSN Gn
MS
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
PDN
Um
Gb
Gn
Gi
MSC
HLR/ GR EIR
VLR
Page 31
Hans Peter Schwefel
GPRS Core Network Functions

Packet Handling Resource Management Accounting Configuration Management
Mobility Management
Handover Control and SGSN Change Handling
Interception Handling
Performance Management
Session Management
SMS Handling
Protocols & Interfaces
Fault & Maintenance Management
Functions in SGSN and GGSN Functions in SGSN
Page 32
Hans Peter Schwefel
GPRS: Protocol Stack
RLC: Radio Link Control

Acknowledged mode (reliable) or unacked LLC: Logical Link Control Acknowledged mode (reliable) or unacked
SNDCP: Sub-Network Dependent

Convergence Protocol
GTP: GPRS Tunneling Protocol

Mobility Support
Hans Peter Schwefel
BSSGRP: BSS GPRS Protocol

Page 33
Data Units in GPRS
Page 34
Hans Peter Schwefel
Coding Schemes
USF = Uplink State Flag owner of time-slot in next uplink TDMA frame Allows multiplexing of up to 8 MS on one time-slot Block header contains Temporary Flow Identifier (TFI) TFI and direction identifies Temporary Block Flow (TBF)
Page 35
Hans Peter Schwefel
GPRS: Obtaining IP Connectivity

GPRS attach
Authentication of MS Establishment/Ini tialization of security functions
SGSN HLR
Um
BSS
Gb
Gr
Attach Request
(NSAPI,TI,PDP Type)
Authentication/Ciphering
Authentication/Ciphering Insert Subscriber Data

(NSAPI,TI,PDP Type)
PDP Context Setup

Obtain IP address Connect to external network [see later]
Attach Accept
(NSAPI,TI,PDP Type)
Insert Subscriber Data Ack

(NSAPI,TI,PDP Type)
Attach Complete
(NSAPI,TI,PDP Type)
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Hans Peter Schwefel
Enhanced Data rates for the GSM Evolution (EDGE)

Time Slot (MS-> BTS) New Modulation Scheme 8 PSK 1 48 kbit/s 2 48 kbit/s
.... 8 ....
Transmission Rate 48 kbit/s
48.......384 kbit/s
Advantages
Increased Data Rate No Modificatons in Core Network (SGSN/GGSN) required
Disadvantages
New Modulationscheme(8 PSK), not compatible to GSMK HW Changes in the BTS required
Page 37
Hans Peter Schwefel
3rd Generation Systems: IMT-2000

Proposals for IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications)
UWC-136, cdma2000, WP-CDMA UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) from ETSI 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 Frequencies ITU allocation (WRC 1992) Europe GSM DE 1800 CT GSM 1800 IMT-2000
T D D
2150
IMT-2000
2200
MSS MSS MSS
MHz
MSS MSS T D D MSS
UTRA FDD
UTRA FDD
IMT-2000
China Japan North America
IMT-2000
PHS
cdma2000 MSS W-CDMA MSS
cdma2000 MSS W-CDMA rsv. MSS
PCS 1850 1900 1950
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
MHz
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Hans Peter Schwefel
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)

Currently standardized by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), see http://www.3GPP.org [North America: 3GPP2] So far, four releases: R99, R4, R5, R6 Modifications: New methods & protocols on radio link increased access bandwidth Coexistence of two domains in the core network
Packets Switched (PS) Circuit Switched (CS)
New Services IP Service Infrastructure: IP Based Multimedia Subsystems (IMS) (R5)
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Hans Peter Schwefel
UMTS Domains
B S S ( R A N /G E R A N )
CS MGW
M S C -S e r v ./V L R
Nb Mc
G /E /N c
BTS
A b is
CS MGW
M S C - S e r v ./V L R
Nc
BSC
Um
G M S C -S e rv . Mc C Nb
B TS
Gb S IM - M E Iu C s
CS MGW
S IM ME H S S /A u C
CS D o m a in
Cx
UTRAN
U S IM
Cu Iu b is Gs
IM S D o m a in ( R e le a s e 5 )
MS
Node B
Gr Gc M b /G i
RNC
Uu
Node B
Iu r Iu P S
Gn
SGSN
GGSN
RNC
P S D o m a in
A cc ess N e tw o r k D o m a in U s e r E q u ip m e n t D o m a in In f r a s tr u c tu r e D o m a in
C o r e N e tw o r k D o m a in
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Hans Peter Schwefel
UMTS Network Domains

Radio Access Network
Node B (Base station) Radio Network Controller (RNC)
Service and Application Service and Application Domain Domain
Mobile Core Network

User Equipment User Equipment Domain Domain
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Home/Visited Location Register (HLR/VLR) Routers/Switches, DNS Server, DHCP Server, Radius Server, NTP Server, Firewalls/VPN Gateways
Access Access Network Network Domain Domain
Core Core Network Network Domain Domain
Other Other Networks (IP/ ISDN) Networks (IP/ ISDN)
Charging/ Lawful Interception/ OAM Charging/ Lawful Interception/ OAM
Application/Services IP-Based Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) [see 9th Semester] Operation, Administration & Maintenance (OAM) Charging Network [Legal Interception]
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Hans Peter Schwefel
UMTS Radio Access Network (UTRAN): architecture
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) on Radio Link transmission rate theoretically up to 2Mbit/s (realistic up to 300kb/s)
Hans Peter Schwefel
Content
1. Introduction
2. GSM
Exercise
Page 43
Hans Peter Schwefel
Transport of IP packets
IP tackets are tunnelled through the UMTS/GPRS network (GTP GPRS tunneling protocol)
User IP (v4 or v6)
Terminal UTRAN SGSN GGSN Application Server
Radio Bearer
Application
GTP-U
GTP-U
IP v4 or v6
IP v4 or v6 Relay Relay GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U
IP v4 or v6
PDCP
PDCP
GTP-U
RLC MAC L1
Uu
RLC MAC L1
UDP/IP v4 or v6 AAL5 ATM

Iu-PS
UDP/IP v4 or v6 AAL5 ATM
UDP/IP v4 or v6 L2 L1
Gn
UDP/IP v4 or v6 L2 L1 L2 L1
Gi
[Source: 3GPP]
Page 44
Hans Peter Schwefel
PDP contexts (Packet Data Protocol) activation done by UE before data transmission
specification of APN and traffic parameters GGSN delivers IP address to UE set-up of bearers and mobility contexts in SGSN and GGSN activation of multiple PDP contexts possible
IP Transport: Concepts
Access Point Names (APN) APNs identify external networks (logical Gi interfaces of GGSN)
At PDP context activation, the SGSN performs a DNS query to find out the GGSN(s) serving the APN requested by the terminal. The DNS response contains a list of GGSN addresses from which the SGSN selects one address in a round-robin fashion (for this APN).
Traffic Flow Templates (TFTs)

set of packet filters (source address, subnet mask, destination port range, source port range, SPI, TOS (IPv4), Traffic Class (v6), Flow Label (v6) used by GGSN to assign IP packets from external networks to proper PDP context GPRS tunneling protocol (GTP) For every UE, one GTP-C tunnel is established for signalling and a number of GTP-U tunnels, one per PDP context (i.e. session), are established for user traffic.
Hans Peter Schwefel
IP Transport: PDP Context & APNs

Same PDP (IP) address and APN
ISP X
GGSN
PDP Context X2 (APN X, IP address X, QoS2)
APN X
PDP Context X1 (APN X, IP address X, QoS1)
Terminal
SGSN
PDP Context selection based on TFT (downstream)
ISP Y
GGSN
APN Y APN Z
PDP Context Y (APN Y, IP address Y, QoS)
PDP Context Z (APN Z, IP address Z, QoS)
ISP Z
Hans Peter Schwefel
[Source: 3GPP]
Page 46
UMTS Data Transport: Bearer Hierarchy

Air Interface
TE MT UTRAN/ GERAN CN Iu EDGE NODE CN Gateway TE/AS
End-to-End Service (IP Bearer Service) TE/MT Local Bearer Service UMTS Bearer Service Service Radio Access Bearer Service CN Bearer Service External Bearer Service
Radio Bearer Service
Iu Bearer Service
Backbone Bearer Service
Physical Radio Service
Physical Bearer Service
RAN User Equipment
3G SGSN
3G GGSN
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Hans Peter Schwefel
The full picture of the UMTS packet switched domain

M N O 1 `s N e tw o rk
SS7, Gc N e tw o rk S e rvic e s R A D IU S DNS
NS
IM S D o m a in DNS
IM S
A S N e tw o rk
V id e o M e s sa g e s
HSS
DHCP
P -C S C F I/S -C S C F
FT P
DNS
AS
V P N -G W Y
C o rp . N e tw o rk AS
SS7, Gr H L R /A u C
G i N e tw ork DNS
G n -P R I
DNS
G n -S E C
Node B RNC Node B
DMZ
ID S
In te rn e t
BG
AS
SG SN G n N e tw o rk
G GSN ID S
DNS
E xt
HT T P p ro x y E -m a il
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 * 0 #
UE1 BG
M N O 1 `s B a c k bo ne
BG
M N O 3IM S
UE3
DNS
E xt
GRX N e tw o rk
M NO2
BG UE2
Roaming Support:

UE attaches with SGSN in visited network PDP context is set-up to GGSN in home network (via Gp interface, GRX network)
Page 48
Hans Peter Schwefel
Message Flow: PDP Context Setup
Summary
1. Introduction
Page 49
Hans Peter Schwefel
2. GSM
Exercise
Page 50
Hans Peter Schwefel
Acknowledgements/References
Lecture notes: Mobile Communciations, Jochen Schiller, www.jochenschiller.de Marco Hoffmann, Master Thesis, Simulation of a flow-control algorithm between two nodes of the GPRS network, TU Munich and Siemens AG, 2001. Tutorial: IP Technology in 3rd Generation mobile networks, Siemens AG (J. Kross, L. Smith, H. Schwefel) Various 3GPP Presentations. www.3gpp.org J. Schiller: Mobile Communications. Addison-Wesley, 2000. GPRS books: T. Halonen, J. Romero, J. Melero: GSM, GRPS, EDGE Performance: Evolution towards 3G/UMTS, Wiley, 2003
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Hans Peter Schwefel
Exercises:
1. Data Rates: A user wants to do an FTP download of a 8MB Power-Point Presentation. Compute the duration of this download for the following access technologies GSM data service HSCSD, 4 timeslots GPRS, 4 timeslots (downlink) EDGE, 8 timeslots Wired ISDN access (64kbit/s) Give at least two reasons why the actual download times are likely to be longer than the ones just computed. Charging: The operator charges in GSM 15cent/min, in GPRS 0.1cent/kB. Compare the costs of the GSM and GPRS download in the FTP case as well as for a Web-session with duration of 1hour and overall data volume of 150kB. IP transport in GPRS networks: a mobile user has set-up a PDP context to an ISP which has assigned him the IP address 10.10.123.45 (private). The user now iniates a web access to the CNN server. Describe the header structure of the IP packet which is sent downstream from the GGSN to the SGSN (detailling the IP source and destination address). GPRS overhead: Consider an FTP (over TCP over IP) download in a GPRS setting when a mobile device uses 3 timeslots downlink and CS-2. Assume a an IP-packet size of 1500 Bytes. Compute the necessary volume of header-information and FEC for one IP packet on the air-interface. Compute the theoretical maximal L4 payload throughput as allowed by the GPRS air-interface transmission! Compute the ratio of up-link and down-link traffic volumes as created by TCP (assuming delayed Acks). What L4 throughput do you expect to achieve in a download of a small file of 2000 Bytes?
Page 52
2.
3.
Hans Peter Schwefel

CommSysMM3 06

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Communication Systems

by Petar Popovski & Hans Peter Schwefel

Mm1 Mm2 Mm3 Mm4 Mm5

Hans Peter Schwefel

Intro: Cellular systems

Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06

Hans Peter Schwefel

Cellular systems: technologies & subscribers

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06

Hans Peter Schwefel

3. GPRS & UMTS 4. IP transport in Packet Switched UMTS/GPRS Networks

Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06

Hans Peter Schwefel

GSM: Global System for Mobile Communication

Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06

Hans Peter Schwefel

Radio Subsystem (RSS)

Network and Switchung Subsystem

VLR MS BTS BSC HLR AuC

MS BTS BSC MSC

Connection to ISDN, PDN PSTN

Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06

Hans Peter Schwefel

emergency number Multinumbering

Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06

Hans Peter Schwefel

GSM: Radio Technology

possible radio coverage of the cell idealized shape of the cell

Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06

Hans Peter Schwefel

GSM: Air Interface I

Distinguish 124 adjacent channels within each band

Uplink 890 915 MHz 935

Radio Network Planning:

Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06

Hans Peter Schwefel

GSM: Air Interface II

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

burst 148 bit

time slot 156,25 bit 0,577 ms

Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06

Hans Peter Schwefel

GSM: TDMA hierarchy of frames

2045 2046 2047 3 h 28 min 53.76 s

GSM Air Interface: Combination of TDMA & FDMA

higher GSM frame structures

GSM TDMA frame 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4.615 ms GSM time-slot (normal burst)

Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06

GSM: Logical Channels

Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06

Hans Peter Schwefel

Functionalities in Radio Subsystem

Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06

Hans Peter Schwefel

Overview: GSM protocol layers for signaling

Abis BTS BSC

64 kbit/s / 2.048 Mbit/s

Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06

Hans Peter Schwefel

Example: Mobile Terminated Call

Communication Systems, Lecture 3, Spring 06

Hans Peter Schwefel