TIP 0404-17

OLD NUMBER 014-44 ISSUED - 1974 REVISED - 1984 REAFFIRMED - 1990 REVISED -1995 REVISED - 2001 2001 TAPPI The information and data contained in this document were prepared by a technical committee of the Association. The committee and the Association assume no liability or responsibility in connection with the use of such information or data, including but not limited to any liability under patent, copyright, or trade secret laws. The user is responsible for determining that this document is the most recent edition published.

Recommended minimum dryer pocket air requirements

Scope This Technical Information Paper (TIP) provides instructions for calculating the air volume necessary to achieve theoretical recommended average pocket humidities. Safety precautions There are no safety precautions that apply to this TIP. Contents Pocket ventilation basically involves the introduction of hot, dry air into a dryer pocket usually with the use of a roll or duct device. This results in a simple mixing process of the supply air actually introduced into the pocket and the water vapor leaving the sheet in the open draw between dryers. A theoretical relationship of the pocket air volume, vapor and air quantities involved, which is given as follows: Qs = 0.0523DEVVS Hm - Hs where: QS HM D EV HS VS 0.523 = = = = = = = air volume introduced into pocket, (ft3/min)/ft of width [(m3/mm)/m of width] average absolute humidity of mixture, lb of H2O/lb of dry air (kg of H2O/kg of dry air) dryer diameter, ft (m) evaporation rate lb of H2O/h.ft2 total dryer surface (kg of H2O/h.m2 total dryer surface) supply air absolute humidity, lb of H2O/lb of dry air (kg of H2O/kg of dry air) supply air specific volume, ft3/lb of dry air (m3/kg of dry air) t/60

It should be pointed out that the evaporation rate (EV) represents a local rate, which may be considerably different from the machine average rate depending on location in the dryer section, steam pressure, felt tension, etc. Based on an evaluation of dryer pocket conditions using the above expression and actual machine measurements, the recommended air volumes that should be introduced into a dryer pocket to accomplish effective pocket ventilation and drying are shown in Table 1 for various evaporation rates and dryer sizes.
Approved by the Water Removal Committee of the Engineering Division TAPPI

TIP 0404-17

Recommended minimum dryer pocket air requirements / 2

The pocket supply volumes shown represent the actual volume of air that is introduced into the dryer pocket, which probably would be less than the volume supplied to the pocket ventilation device used depending on the ventilator location and the degree of leakage and inefficiency incurred.
NOTE 1: For pocket ventilation systems to operate properly, the dryer section hood must be operated in accordance with the recommendations shown in TIP 0404-24 Recommended Operation of Dryer Section Hood Air System.

Table 1. Recommended minimum air volumes.

Pocket supply volume, ft3/min per ft of width(m3/min per m of width) Evaporation Rate (EV) lb of H2O/h * ft2 (kg H2O/h * m2 Resulting average pocket humidity(Hm), lb of H2O/dry air (kg of H2O/kg dry air) 0.12 0.17 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.28

4-ft (1.22-m) dryer

5-ft (1.52-m) dryer

6-ft (1.83-m) dryer

1 (4.88) 40 (3.71) 50 (4.64) 60 2 (9.76) 53 (4.95) 67 (6.19) 80 3 (14.65) 67 (6.19) 83 (7.74) 110 4 (19.53) 76 (7.07) 95 (8.84) 114 5 (24.41) 83 (7.74) 104 (9.67) 125 6 (29.29) 92 (8.57) 115 (10.7) 138 a Based on supply air conditions of 250 F (121 C) DB and 100 F (37.8 C) DP Hs = 0.02 lb of H2O)/lb of dry air and Vs= 19.11 ft3/lb of dry air Hs = (0.02 kg of H2O of dry air) and Vs= (1.19m3/kg of dry air) Keywords Dryers, Dryer pockets, Humidity, Airflow, Ventilation Additional information Effective date of issue: February 1, 2001. Working Group Chairman: Perry Deutsch Voith Paper Technology

(5.57) (7.43) (9.29) (10.6) (11.6) (12.9)