Chapter 1 structure and function of the body Anatomy is The Study of structure of an organization and relationships among structures.

Physiology is the study of the functions of living organisms and their parts. Is Study of the function of body parts and how they work. Pathology is the study of disease use principles of anatomy and physiology to determine the nature of particular disease. ??--What do doctors use to determine disease? --what are the Major levels of Organization in the body? --how is tissue different from Organ ? --Why do you think its important as a massage therapist to study anatomy and physiology? Structural levels of Organization in the body -Chemical level ---atoms and molecules -Cellular level ---cell are considered to be the smallest living thing -Tissue level ---is an organization of many cells that act together to perform a common function. -Organ level ---an organ is a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that they can act together as a unit to perform a special function. -System level --is an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged so that they can together perform conplex functions for the body. The body as a whole---the human organism is all the atom, molecules,cells,tissues ,organs , system. Anatomical position: The body is in an erect or standing posture with the arms at the sides and palms turned forward. The head also points forward,as do the feet, which are aligned at the toe and set slingtly apart. Supine and prone are terms to describe the position of the body when it is not in the anatomicalposition Supine position =the body lying face upward. Prone position= the body lying face downward. Anatomical Directions used in descriving positions of body parts. 1 superior and inferior superior =toward the head,upper or above.Other terms: cranial/cephalic inferior =toward the feet ,lower, below other terms:caudal example: lungs are located superioe to the diaphragn : the stomach is located inferior to the diaphragm. 2 Anterior and possterior Anterior =front ,infront of .Vetral=toward the belly Hand and foot are termed palmar Posterior =back ,in back of .Dorsal=toward the back(latin for back) back surface of the body. Except dorsal surface of foot, which is the top aspect of the foot. This comes from ancestral quadrupt stance when the top surface of did face dorasally. Example: the nose is on the anterior surface of the body.

: the shoulder blades are on its posterior durface. 3 Medial and lateral Medial =toward the midline of the body lateral = toward the side of the body or away from its midline. Example:the great toe is at the medial side of the foot, :the little toe is at its lateral side. ;the heart lies medial to the lungs. :the lungs lie lateral to the heart. 4Proximal and distal Proximal =toward or mearest the trunk of the body, nearest the point of origin of one of its parts. Distal= away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a body part. Example: the elblw lies at the proximal end of the lower arm. : the kand lies at its distal end. 5 Superficial and deep Superficial =nearer the surface Deep = farther away from the body surface. Example : the skin of the arm is superficial to the muscles below it. : the bone of the upper arm is deep to the muscles that surround and cover it.