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PLAN DE TRAVAIL
INTRODUCTION
I) DEFINITION
II) ORIGINE DU VIRUS
III) EVOLUTION DE LA MALADIE
IV) CONSEQUENCES SOCIOECONOMIQUE
1) CONSEQUENCES ECONOMIQUE
2) CONSEQUENCES SOCALE
V) SOLUTIONS
INTRODUCTION
Une pandémie décrit une maladie infectieuse pour laquelle il est constaté une propagation
importante et continue de personne à personne dans plusieurs pays du monde en même temps.
La dernière fois qu'une pandémie a été déclarée, c'était en 2009 avec la grippe porcine, qui,
selon les experts, a tué des centaines de milliers de personnes.Les pandémies sont plus
probables si un virus est tout nouveau, capable d'infecter facilement les gens et peut se
propager de personne à personne de manière efficace et durable. Les coronavirus sont une
vaste famille de virus susceptibles de provoquer des maladies diverses chez l'homme, allant du
simple rhume au syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (MERS) et au syndrome respiratoire
aigu sévère (SRAS). Le coronavirus semble cocher toutes ces cases. En l'absence encore de
vaccin ou de traitement qui puisse l'arrêter, il est vital de contenir sa propagation.
DEFINITION
Les coronavirus (CoV) sont une grande famille de virus qui provoquent des maladies qui vont du
simple rhume à des maladies plus graves telles que le syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient
(MERS-CoV) et le syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS-CoV). Un nouveau coronavirus (nCoV)
correspond à une nouvelle souche qui n'a pas été identifiée chez l'homme précédemment.
Les coronavirus sont de type zoonotique, c'est-à-dire qu'ils sont transmis de l’animal à l’homme.
Des investigations détaillées ont révélé que le SRAS-CoV et et le MERS-CoV étaient transmis à
l’homme par les chats civettes et les dromadaires respectivement. Plusieurs coronavirus connus
circulent chez des animaux qui n'ont pas encore infecté l'homme.
ORIGINE DU VIRUS
EVOLUTION DE LA MALADIE
CONSEQUENCES ECONOMIQUE
La crise sanitaire actuelle liée au Covid-19 pèse fortement sur les économies du continent qui
ont misé, soit sur le tourisme, soit sur les exportations des matières premières, notamment les
hydrocarbures. Egalement un double choc d'offre (lié à la baisse de la production) et de
demande (lié à la baisse de la consommation notamment sur les services) se produit et de
nombreuses entreprises se retrouvent à l'arrêt total ou partiel, faisant craindre des phénomènes
de pénurie sur les biens essentiels, en même temps que des mesures de confinement sanitaire
sont prises, concernant la moitié de l'humanité. La baisse de la consommation du fait du
confinement des individus, de la diminution des transports et des voyages avec fin avril la
totalité des 217 destinations internationales qui imposent des restrictions de circulation. La crise
économique est considérée comme inédite.
CONSEQUENCES SOCALE
Des million de personnes dans le monde ont basculés dans la pauvreté au cours de la crise
sanitaire. Les étudiants, les intérimaires, les chômeurs, mais aussi autoentrepreneurs et artisans
constituent les catégories les plus vulnérables. L’aide alimentaire a considérablement augmenté.
Les mesures de confinement ont profondément transformé les modes de sociabilité des
habitants d'un certain nombre de villes. Ainsi, l’on remarque que désormais, la jeunesse utilise
de nombreuses applications comme Houseparty pour compenser l'impossibilité de se retrouver
à l'extérieur, les rendez-vous galants se font désormais en tenue de sport, car le sport est une
des raisons valables pour sortir, ou avec son chien, qu'il est encore autorisé de sortir. Le
confinement s'est par ailleurs accompagné de façon plus générale d'un accroissement des
tâches domestiques, majoritairement assumées par les femmes
SOLUTIONS
Amélioration des dispositifs de préparation avec maintien des établissements scolaires ouverts:
déploiement et accompagnement des mesures préventives dans les écoles ;
mise en place de protocoles pour permettre aux écoles de gérer les malades et les cas suspects
(Bélarus, Égypte, Russie);
limitation des contacts physiques en réduisant les activités sociales et extrascolaires (Russie,
Singapour);
MESURES INDIVIDUELLES
Se laver fréquemment les mains: Se laver fréquemment les mains avec une solution
hydroalcoolique ou à l’eau et au savon tue le virus s’il est présent sur vos mains.
Éviter les contacts proches: Lorsqu’une personne infectée par un virus respiratoire, comme le
COVID-19, tousse ou éternue, elle projette de petites gouttelettes contenant le virus. Si vous
êtes trop près, vous pouvez inhaler le virus.
Éviter de se toucher les yeux, le nez et la bouche: Les mains sont en contact avec de nombreuses
surfaces qui peuvent être contaminées par le virus. Si vous vous touchez les yeux, le nez ou la
bouche, vous risquez d’être en contact avec le virus présent sur ces surfaces.
Respecter les règles d’hygiène respiratoire: Se couvrir la bouche et le nez en cas de toux ou
d’éternuement permet d’éviter la propagation des virus et autres agents pathogènes.
Suivez les conseils de votre médecin, des autorités de santé nationales et locales ou de votre
employeur pour savoir comment vous protéger et protéger les autres de le COVID-19.
CONCLUSION
La covid-19 est la crise globale de notre epoque et le plus grand defi auquel nous ayés ete
confrontés depuis la seconde guerre mondiale. Les signes courants de l'infection sont les
symptômes respiratoires, la fièvre, la toux, l'essoufflement et les difficultés respiratoires. Dans
les cas les plus graves, l'infection peut provoquer une pneumonie, un syndrome respiratoire aigu
sévère, une insuffisance rénale et même la mort. Chaque pays doit agir de facons continue pour
combater cette pandemie.
Résultat de la traduction
Traduction en : anglais (GB)
WORK PLAN
INTRODUCTION
I) DEFINITION
II) ORIGIN OF THE VIRUS
III) EVOLUTION OF THE DISEASE
IV) SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
1) ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
2) SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
V) SOLUTIONS
1) GOVERNMENTAL AND COLLECTIVE MEASURES
2) INDIVIDUAL MEASURES
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
A pandemic describes an infectious disease in which there is a significant and continuous spread
from person to person in several countries around the world at the same time. The last time a
pandemic was declared was in 2009 with swine flu, which experts believe killed hundreds of
thousands of people.Pandemics are more likely if a virus is brand new, capable of easily infecting
people and can spread from person to person in an efficient and sustained manner.
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause a variety of illnesses in humans, from
the common cold to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS). The coronavirus seems to tick all these boxes. With no vaccine or treatment
yet to stop it, it is vital to contain its spread.
DEFINITION
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common
cold to more serious diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe
Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). A novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a new strain that has not
previously been identified in humans.
Coronaviruses are zoonotic, i.e. they are transmitted from animals to humans. Detailed
investigations have revealed that SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are transmitted to humans by civet
cats and camels respectively. Several known coronaviruses are circulating in animals that have
not yet infected humans.
The new SARS-Cov2 coronavirus that causes Covid-19 disease was first discovered in China,
in the city of Wuhan. Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that mainly affect animals. Some
infect humans and most often cause colds and mild flu-like illnesses. Scientists claim that it is
very similar to coronaviruses taken from bats. The bat is probably the reservoir animal for the
virus.
However, the virus found in bats cannot be transmitted to humans. SARS-Cov2 is believed
to have been transmitted to humans via another animal that also carries a coronavirus with a
strong genetic relationship to SARS-Cov2. This is the pangolin, a small mammal threatened with
extinction whose flesh, bones, scales and organs are used in traditional Chinese medicine.
Research is underway in China to confirm this hypothesis and an investigation by experts from
the World Health Organisation will soon begin. The animal route is therefore the most likely for
the moment, as the first people to contract Covid-19 in December had gone to a market in
Wuhan (the epicentre of the epidemic) where animals, including wild mammals, were being
sold. At the end of January, China decided to temporarily ban the trade in wild animals in order
to curb the epidemic.
The coronavirus, named COVID-19 on 11 February, has travelled since the first appearance of
symptoms in a resident of Hubei province, China. On 31 December last year, the World Health
Organisation (WHO) was informed of an outbreak of "pneumonia of unknown cause" in the city
of Wuhan, China's seventh largest city with 11 million inhabitants. The first infected individuals
had all been in a seafood market in Wuhan. The market has been closed since 1 January 2020.
The virus is now present in over 190 countries on five continents. The United States still has the
most deaths (248,707), ahead of Brazil (166,699), India (130,993), Mexico (99,026) and the UK
(52,745). Europe is currently the continent with the most new infections, America the one
where the pandemic is accelerating the most.SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
The current health crisis linked to Covid-19 is weighing heavily on the continent's economies,
which have relied either on tourism or on exports of raw materials, particularly hydrocarbons. A
double shock of supply (linked to the drop in production) and demand (linked to the drop in
consumption, especially of services) is also occurring and many companies are being shut down,
either totally or partially, leading to fears of shortages of essential goods, at the same time as
sanitary confinement measures are being taken, affecting half of humanity. The drop in
consumption due to the confinement of individuals, the reduction in transport and travel with
all 217 international destinations imposing traffic restrictions at the end of April. The economic
crisis is considered unprecedented.
SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES
Millions of people around the world have been pushed into poverty during the health crisis.
Students, temporary workers, the unemployed, but also self-employed and craftsmen are the
most vulnerable categories. Food aid has increased dramatically. The containment measures
have profoundly transformed the sociability of the inhabitants of a number of cities. For
example, young people now use many applications such as Houseparty to compensate for the
impossibility of meeting up outside, and dates are now made in sportswear, as sport is one of
the valid reasons for going out, or with one's dog, which is still allowed. The confinement has
also been accompanied more generally by an increase in domestic tasks, which are mainly
carried out by women
SOLUTIONS
Establishment of protocols to enable schools to manage sick and suspected cases (Belarus,
Egypt, Russia);
mobilising educational infrastructure and human resources to contain the spread of the virus
(Liberia, Sierra Leone);
limiting physical contact by reducing social and extracurricular activities (Russia, Singapore);
INDIVIDUAL MEASURES
Frequent hand washing: Frequent hand washing with hydroalcoholic solution or soap and water
kills the virus if it is present on your hands.
Avoid close contact: When a person infected with a respiratory virus, such as COVID-19, coughs
or sneezes, he or she is sending out small droplets containing the virus. If you are too close, you
can inhale the virus.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth: Hands are in contact with many surfaces that can be
contaminated with the virus. If you touch your eyes, nose or mouth, you may come into contact
with the virus on these surfaces.
Follow respiratory hygiene: Covering your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze will help
prevent the spread of viruses and other pathogens.
Follow the advice of your doctor, national and local health authorities or employer on how to
protect yourself and others from COVID-19.
CONCLUSION
COVID-19 is the global crisis of our time and the greatest challenge we have faced since the
Second World War. The common signs of infection are respiratory symptoms, fever, cough,
shortness of breath and breathing difficulties. In the most severe cases, the infection can cause
pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure and even death. Every country
must take continuous action to combat this pandemic.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES
The current health crisis linked to Covid-19 is weighing heavily on the continent's economies,
which have relied either on tourism or on exports of raw materials, particularly hydrocarbons.
There is also a double shock to supply (linked to the drop in production) and demand (linked to
the drop in consumption, particularly of services) and many companies are at a total or partial
standstill, raising fears of shortages of essential goods, while at the same time health
containment measures are being taken.
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80% of our communication is non-verbal and therefore has no secrets for the interlocutor.
Therefore, do not nod your head at the wrong time. New technologies can be a brake on active
listening. Indeed, it is not easy to actively listen to one's interlocutor if, for example, a mobile
phone rings at the same time to disturb listening. - poor theoretical knowledge of active
listening. - low practice of active listening - the desire to express your point of view - poor
communication skills -your values and their positions in the scale of values -your beliefs or limits
- your ego
how to develop or improve your listening skills 1- remove distractions 2-Put yourself in a
listening posture 3-Keep in mind that you want to learn from others 4-Show empathy 5-
memorize 6- people sometimes don't wait for your opinion. Conclusion At the end of our
analysis, we can remember that the ability of active listening is a kind of communication that
allows you to open up more and thus find more comfort in expressing yourself.
Listening is an important form of communication. Unfortunately, many people who do not know
how to listen believe they can listen well. They often say "I have been doing this all of my life of
course I can listen". Listening is not inherited, or a personality trait, it is a skill that must be
worked on and practiced.