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1.International Day for Disaster Reduction is observed on: (a) 9th August (b) 13th October (c) 24th November (d) 11th December Answer-b 2. Who authored the book The Science of Bharat Natyam? (a) Saroja Vaidyanathan (b) Yamini Krishnamurthi ( c) J. Sushila (d) None of these Answer a 3. Tianhe 1A, the worlds fastest supercomputer is made by (a) United States (b) Japan (c) China (d) None of these Answer :c 4. Which is Indias first ever Pollution Control Warship? (a) Samudra Prahari (b) Nischaya (c) Varuna (d) None of these Answer:a 5. Who became Indias youngest grandmaster? (a) Parimarjan Negi (b) Dronavali Harika (c) Praveen Thipse (d) S P Sethuraman Answer:d 6. K C Kulich International Award is associated with: (a) Medicine (b) Economics (c) Journalism (d) Sports Answer:c 7. Open is the autobiography of which sports personality? (a) Adam Gilchrest (b) Glenn Merges (c) Andre Agassiz (d) None of these Ans-c 8. World Cup Football in 2022 is to be held at: (a) Qatar (b) UK (c) Spain (d) France Answer:a 9. Who is the first head of UN WOMEN? (a) Laura Chinchilla (b) Julia Gillard (c) Mitchell blachettt (d) None of these Answer:c 10.Which of the following committee is related to Corporatisation of Stock Exchanges? (a) Bimal Jalan Committee (b) V Achuthan Committee (c) P M Nair Committee (d) None of these Ans-a 11. Which is Indias newest stock exchange for currency derivatives (a) BSE (b) NSE (c) United Stock Exchange (USE) (d) None of these Answer :c 12. Jeevan Reddy Committee is related to (a)Illegal mining (b) Armed Forces Special Power Act (c) Environmental Impact Assessment (d) None of these Ans-b 13. Which of the following scheme is related with social security for unorganised sector? (a) Swabhiman (b) Sabla (c) Swavalamban (d) None of these Ans-c 14. Polavaram Project is located in which state? (a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Maharashtra (c) Madhya Pradesh (d) Karnataka Answer:a 15. David Perlman Award is given in which field? (a) Sports (b) Music (c) Photography (d) Journalism Ans-d 16.Which of the following committee has redefined the definition of Slums? (a) Pranab Sen Committee (b) Arjun Sen gupta committee (c) C Ibrahim Committee (d) None of these Ans-a 17. Arrow-III is an anti missile system of (a) France (b) Pakistan (c) Israel (d) UK Ans-c 18. Indias first jail BPO is going to came up at: (a) Bangalore (b) Pune (c) Chennai (d) Hyderabad Answer:a 19.Worlds first aviation university coming up at: (a) Bangalore (b) Nice (c) Glasgow (d) Venice Answer: a 20. Khoj lab has been launched by which group? (a) Future Group (b) dell (c) IBM (d) Times group Answer:a 21. Which of the following became the first smoke free state in India? (a) Sikkim (b) Himachal Pradesh (c) Uttarakhand (d) None of these Ans-a

22. Which of the following became the Ist Asian Country to sign Free Trade Agreement with European Union? (a) South Korea (b) China (c) India (d) None of these Ans-a 23. The Emissary is the book authored by: (a) Tarun Tejpal (b) Vinod Mehta (c) Aniruddh Bahl (d) None of these Ans-c 24. Who is the new PM of Netherlands? (a) Mark Ruttea (b) Bill Carey (c) Thakshin Sinawatra (d) None of these Ans-a 25. Who is the new PM of Kosovo? (a) Hashim Taci (b) N K Name Krumoh (c) Jose Borosso (d) None of these Ans-a 26. Who is the chairman of National Democratic Front of Bodoland? (a) Paresh Barna (b) Aravind Rajakhowa (c) Ranjan Daimary (d) None of these Ans-c 27. With which of the following countries India has not signed civil nuclear agreement? (a) Namibia (b) Sweden (c) Mongolia (d) Argentina Ans-b 28. Who is the PM of Sweden? (a) Fredrick Rainfeldt (b) Silvio Berlusconi (c) Garry Wanders (d) None of these Ans-a 29. APEC Summit in November 2010 was held at : (a) Yokohama (b) Sydney (c) Singapore (d) Busan Answer a; 30. Which public sector bank was the banking partner in Commonwealth Games 2010? (a) Central Bank of India (b) State Bank of India (c) Bank of Baroda (d) None of these Answer-a; 31. Who is the new vice chief of army staff? (a) V.K. Singh (b) A.S. Lamba (c) C. Shekhawat (d) None of these Answer :b 32. Who has became the vice president of ICC? (a) Ehsaan Mani (b) John Mulford (c) Alan Isaac (d) Molcom Speed Answer: c 33. Who is the Director General of National Investigation Agency ? (a) R.V. Raju (b) Ved Marwah (c) K.F. Rustomji (d) Sharad Chandra Sinha Answer:d 34. Who is the Director of National Security Guard? (a) R.K. Medhekar (b) J.K Dutt (c) B.K. Banerjee (d) None of these Answer:a 35. Who of the following Indian got the Australia Day achievement medal 2010? (a) V.P. Unnikrishnan (b) Sandeep Pandey (c) Vandana Shiva (d) None of these Answer: a 36. Which of the following country became the 187th member of IMF? (a) Marshall Islands (b) Tuvalu (c) Fiji (d) None of these Answer: b 37. Indias second National Institute of Design will come up at which of the following (a) Amethi (b) Jorahat (c) Aizowl (d) Itanagar Ans- b 38. Benghazi is a port of : (a) Libya (b) Yemen (c) Egypt

(d) None of these Answer:a 39. Jakhol Sankri Hydro Electric Project has been commissioned at (a) Uttarakhand (b) Himachal Pradesh (c) J&K (d) Arunachal Pradesh Answer: a Answer: a 40. Home Boy is a novel written by (a) H M Naqvi (b) H S Narula (c) Anand Sarkar (d) Stephen Lipsett Ans- a 41. Pravasi Bhartiya Divas in 2011 was held at: (a) Jaipur (b) New Delhi (c) Ujjain (d) Varanasi Answer :b 42. 98th Indian Science Congress in January 2011 was held at: (a) Chennai (b) Kharagpur (c) Kanpur (d) Delhi Ans - a 43. Who of the following is the present Lokayukta of Karnataka: (a) N Vittal (b) Santosh Hegde (c) Yashwant Sonawane (d) None of these Answer:b 44. Georgias capital is to be shifted from Tbilisi to: (a) Akhan (b) Yeren (c) Kutaisi (d) Chisinau Ans-c 45. Which country topped the Terrorism Risk Index in 2010: (a) Somalia (b) Samoa (c) Jamaica (d) Iraq Ans-a 46. Which district is going to be named after Indira Gandhi? (a) Medak (b) Rai Bareli (c) Chikmaglur (d) Bellary Ans-a 47. Who received the Elis Island Medal of Honour in 2010? (a) Dalai Lama (b) Zinedine Zidene (c) Rao Anumlu (d) B K Varghese Answer:c

48. Enam Securities is to be purchased by: (a) Union Bank of India (b) BNP Paribas (c) ANZ Grindlays (d) Axis Bank Answer: d 49. Which famous personality bagged the Man of Peace Award in 2010? (a) Roberto Baggio (b) Diegs Maradona (c) Pope John Paul II (d) None of these Answer:a 50. Who is the new National Security Advisor of United States? (c) W Singham (b) Thomas Donilon (a) Colin Powell (b) Larry Page Ans-b 51. Who is the new president of UN General Assembly? (a) Joseph Deiss (b) Hans Rasmus Sen (c) Leon Panetta (d) None of these Ans-a 52. Luka and Fire of Life is the latest book by: (a) Arun Som (b) Salman Rushdie (c) Vikram Seth (d) None of these Ans-b 53. What is the name of Indias latest and Seventh Super Computer? (a) Annapurna (b) Param (c) Pinak (d) None of these Ans-a 54. Tembli became the first village in India to get UID. In which state it is located? (a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Chattisgarh (c) Maharashtra (d) None of these Ans-c 55.Who has been declared the Business Leader of the year in Economic Times Corporate Excellence Awards 2010? (a) Aditya Puri (b) N Nrayanmurthy (c) Azim Premji (d) Mukesh Ambani Ans-a 56. What is the mascot of 2011 cricket world cup? (a) Hoho (b) Cobe (c) Stumpy (d) None of these Ans-c

57. SAF (South Asian Federation) games in 2012 will be held at (a) Kathmandu

(b) Delhi (c) Bangalore (d) None of these Ans-b 58. Agni III was launched from which of the following places: (a) Wheeler Island (b) Sriharikota (c) Bikaner (d) None of these Answer a; 59. Who of the following is the Chairperson of National Green Tribunal? (a) Lokeshwar Singh Parata (b) Anil Pandey (c) K Vijay Kumar (d) None of these Answer-a; 60. Which Indian Company is slated to buy the English football club Blackburn? (a) U B groups (b) RPG (c) Videocon (d) Vicky Answer : d 61. Who is the Union Minister of Corporate Affairs? (a) Murali Deora (b) Jaipal Reddy (c) C P Joshi (d) M S Gill Answer: a 62. Who is the new President Elect of BCCI? (a) Chirayu Amin (b) Jyotiraditya Schindia (c) Shashank manohar (d) Jagmohan Dalmia Answer:c 63. Karrar is the unmaned bomber aircraft of which country? (a) Iran (b) Syria (c) Israel (d) None of these Answer:a 64. Who is the CMD of Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited? (a) S K Jain (b) Harsh Marital (c) Oskar Singh (d) None of these Answer: a 65. Who is the Director of Intelligence Bureau? (a) Rajeev Mathur (b) Nehchal Sandhu (c) Saikat Dutta (d) None of these Answer: b 66. Ramagundanar thermal power project is in which state? a) Andhra Pradesh (b) Tamil Nadu (c) Kerala (d) Karnataka

Ans- a 67. Project Big Green has been initiated by which company? (a) Microsoft (b) Apple (c) Infosys (d) IBM Answer:d 68. Vansadhara River dispute is between which states? (a) Orissa and Andhra Pradesh (b) Karnataka and Tamil Nadu (c) Kerala and Tamil Nadu (d) None of these Answer: a 69. Who is the Chairperson of National Housing Board? (a) B N Kapoor (b) Mata Prasad (c) R B Verma (d) None of these Ans- c 70. Who is Indias permanent representative to United Nations? (a) Hardeep Singh Puri (b) M.K. Agnihotri (c) Vijay Pasricha (d) None of these Answer :a 71. Who is the principal scientific advisor to Government of India? (a) R. Chidambaram (b) V.K. Saraswat (c) T.K. Thomas (d) None of these Ans - a 72. Who is the Chairman of Central Water Commission? (a) Balraj Madhok (b) A.K. Bajaj (c) Shivran Puri (d) None of these Ans - b 73. Who is the Deputy National Security Advisor? (a) Shiv Shankar Menon (b) M.K. Narayanan (c) Shekhar Dutt (d) None of these Answer:c 74. Aligarh Muslim University is going to set its new campus at: (a) Saharanpur (b) Meerut (c) Murshidabad (d) Azamgarh Ans-c 75. Who is the new Chairperson of National Commission for Backward classes? (a) M.N. Rao (b) T.K. Maken (c) Ram Singh Senbar (d) None of these Ans-a 76. Who is the Chairperson of 19th Law Commission?

(a) P.V. Reddy (b) A.K. Lakshmanan (c) K.R. Kurup (d) None of these Ans-a

77. Who is the Chairman of National Commission for Protection of Child Rights? (a) Buta Singh (b) M.K. Kurup (c) Shanta Sinha (d) Dheeraj Rohatgi Answer:c 78. Mini Pravasi Bhartiya Diwas in October 2010 was held at: (a) Cape Town (b) Durban (c) Johannesburg (d) None of these Answer: b 79. G-8 summit in June 2010 was held at: (a) Ontario (b) Vancouver (c) Huntsville (d) Quebec Answer:-c 80. Who is the CEO of Twitter? (a) Dick Costello (b) Jorma Olila (c) Allan Bolt (d) None of these Ans-a 81. Which country topped the Global Peace Index Report in 2010? (a) New Zealand (b) Iceland (c) Denmark (d) Sweden Ans-a 82. Who of the following is the recipient of Turner Prize 2010? (a) Alex Rodriques (b) Sergie Bryan (c) Susan Philipsz (d) None of these Ans-c

83. Who of the following is the recipient of Cervantes Prize 2010? (a) John Stocker (b) Ana Maria (c) C Andrew Stephen (d) None of these Ans-b 84. M. B. Shah Commission is related to: (a) Illegal mining (b) Agricultural Statistics (c) Microfinance Institutions (d) None of these Ans-a 85. Who is the secretary General of Rajya Sabha? (a) T.K. Vishwanathan

(b) Vivek Agnihotri (c) V.K. Gupta (d) None of these Ans-b

****** 1. The Haryana government declared two days state mourning on 5 May and 6 May 2011 following the death of Arunachal Pradesh Chief Minister Dorjee Khandu. Dorjee Khandu was the Chief Minister of a) Assam b) Arunachal Pradesh c) Manipur d) Meghalaya Answer: (b) 2. The Supreme Court of India on 5 May 2011 reserved verdict on the petition seeking a direction to disband and disarm Special Police Officers recruited under Salwa Judum movement. Salwa judum movement is associated with which one of the following states? a) Chhattisgarh b) Bihar c) Jharkhand d) Madhya Pradesh Answer: (a) 3. Which one of the following launched social security scheme for Gramin Dak Sevaks? a) Ministry of Home Affairs b) Ministry of Communications and IT c) Ministry of Personnel and Grievance d) Ministry of Rural Development Answer: (b) Ministry of Communications and IT 4. Identify the person with the given clues 1. He was declared the winner of Dadasaheb Phalke Award for the year 2010 by the Information and Broadcasting Ministry. 2. He entered the film industry in 1965 and shot into fame with his very first film Neerkumizhi starring Nagesh. 3. He received the prestigious Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award in 1987 4. Rudraveena(Telugu) directed by him won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration. a. Director K. Balachander b. Dr. Daggubati Ramanaidu c. A. R. Murugadoss d. K. S. Ravikumar Answer: (a) 5. S.C. Chetal took over as Director of which of the following bodies in India on 29 April 2011? a. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre b. Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) Center c. Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research d. BARC Training School Answer: (c) 6. The Indian government on 2 May 2011 appointed Girish Chandra Chaturvedi as petroleum secretary. Who did he replace? a. Murli Manohar Joshi b. BL Meena c. S Sundareshan d. Ajay Maken Answer: (c) 7. Ashok Motwani was appointed Managing Director and CEO on 2 May 2011 of which of the following bodies? a. Stock Holding Corporation of India b. IDBI Trusteeship Services c. Asset Reconstruction Company of India d. Small Industries Development Bank of India Answer: (a) 8. The Pawan Hans helicopter carrying among others Arunachal Pradesh Chief Minister, Dorjee Khandu had gone missing on 30 April 2011. The search operation that followed came to an on 4 May 2011 when Dorjee's body was found among the wreckage of the Pawan Hans. To which of the following tribes of Arunachal Pradesh did Dorjee belong to? a. Monpa b. Sherdukpen c. Memba d. Wancho Answer: (a)

9. The Chief Minister of which Indian state approved an outlay of Rs.1,255 crore for upgradation of water supply and sewerage works in the State on 4 May 2011? a. Rajasthan b. Uttarakhand c. Gujarat d. Haryana Answer: (d) 10. The Postal Department on 3 May 2011 launched the new social security scheme for Gramin Dak Sevaks (GDS). Which of the following is not true with regard to the scheme launched? 1. Union Minister of State for Communications and IT Sachin Pilot launched the Service Discharge Benefit Scheme (SDBS) for GDS. 2. The scheme will be operationalised utilising IRDA's New Pension Scheme product, NPS-Lite. 3. The cost of the management of the scheme is likely to be over Rs.70 crore annually and will be borne by the Union Government. 4. The Postal Department decided to deposit Rs.200 per GDS per month. a. 2 & 4 b. Only 2 c. Only 4 d. 3 & 4 Answer: (b) 11. Who was sworn in as the new Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh on 5 May 2011 following the death of Dorjee Khandu in the Pawan Hans chopper crash? a. Jarbom Gamlin b. Chowna Mein c. C C Singpho d. Newlai Tingkhatra Answer: (a) 12. Who among the following Popes of the Vatican City is the Slavic or Polish Pope to date? a. Pope Adrian VI b. Pope Pius IX c. Pope John Paul II d. Pope Benedict XVI Answer: (c) 13. Conference of Parties to the Stockholm Convention in Geneva on 29 April 2011 approved the recommendation for elimination of production and use of which of the following? a. Endosulfan b. Neonicotinoids c. Organophosphates d. Metarhizium anisopliae Answer: (a) 14. Anatoly Perminov, head of the Russian space agency, Roscomos resigned from his post in April 2011. Whom did Russian PM, Putin appoint on 29 April 2011 to replace Anatoly Perminov? a. Vladimir Popovkin b. Sergei Kiriyenko c. Sergei Lavrov d. Yevgeny Primakov Answer: (a) 15. Identify the boxer with the clues given below: 1. Former British boxing legend who was one of the sport's biggest personalities and was a cult figure both in and out of the ring died on 1 May 2011 2. The heavyweight was best known for knocking down a young Cassius Clay now known as Muhammad Ali in 1963 3. He went on to enjoy a hugely successful professional career though he never won a world title 4. He was the first to win the BBC Sports Personality of the Year award twice (in 1967 and 1970) and one of the only three two-time winners in the award's history a. Sir Henry Cooper b. Frank Bruno c. Tommy Farr d. Lennox Lewis Answer: (a) 16. Portugal reached a deal with the European Union and the IMF on 3 May 2011 on a 78-billion 3-year bailout. Which are the other two European nations that had attained a similar relief package in the past? a. Greece and Ireland b. Ireland and Denmark c. Hungary and Latvia

d. Poland and Montenegro Answer: (a) 17. Bin Laden was killed after a gunbattle with Navy SEALs and CIA paramilitary forces at a compound in which city of Pakistan? a. Abbottabad b. Swabi c. Nowshera d. Faisalabad Answer: (a) 18. At the first Ministerial Conference on Healthy Lifestyles and Non-communicable Disease Control was organised by World Health Organisation on 28 and 29 April 2011on mental disorders was included in the noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) list. Where was the conference held? a. New Delhi b. Beijing c. Colombo d. Moscow Answer: (d) 19. Mohamad Nasheed, faced protests from his people demanding his resignation. Nasheed is the President of which one of the following countries? a) Maldives b) Indonesia c) Bahrain d) Yemen Answer: (a) 20. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Association) carried out a strike on Muammar Gaddafis home in Tripoli, the capital of Libya, on 30 April 2011 which killed the youngest son of Mummar Gaddafi, Saif al-Arab Gaddafi. What is the name of Gaddafis residential area in Tripoli? a) Bab al-Azizya b) Green Square c) Pearl Square d) Tahrir Square Answer: (a) 21. Which one of the following neighbouring countries of India made a cabinet reshuffle? a) Nepal b) Sri Lanka c) Pakistan d) Bhutan Answer: (a) 22. The two Palestinian factions, Fatah and Hamas signed a reconciliation agreement at__ a) Cairo, the Capital of Egypt b) London, the Capital of England c) New Delhi, Capital of India d) Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Answer: (a) 23. Which one of the following countries became the third European nation after Greece and Ireland to strike a deal with European Union for a bailout package to come out of the debt crisis? a) Portugal b) Spain c) Belgium d) Netherland Answer: (a) 24. Who did Lee Chong Wei of Malaysia defeat to become the first winner of the $200000 India Open Super Series badminton championship at the Siri Fort Sports Complex, New Delhi on 1 May 2011? a. Peter Gade b. Tantowi Ahmad c. Fran Kurniawan d. Lin Dan Answer: (a) 25. Who among the following Indian woman pugilists did not win gold at the AIBA Womens Youth and Junior World Championship held in Antalya, Turkey? a. Nikhat Zareen b. Lalenkawli c. Sarjubala Devi d. Minu Basumatary e. Parveen Sultana Answer: (e)

26. Name the Russian tennis pro who won his first ATP title of 2011 with his victory at the BMW Open in Munich? a. Nikolay Davydenko b. Mikhail Youzhny c. Andrei Stoliarov d. Michail Elgin Answer: (a) 27. Which tennis player won the third edition of the Serbian Open on 1 May 2011 by defeating Spaniard Feliciano Lopez? a. Novak Djokovic b. Nikolay Davydenko c. Roger Federer d. Rafael Nadal Answer: (a) 28. Which of the following European Football Club reached the finals of Champions League and thereby avenged the death of its 2009 Champions League defeat? a. Real Madrid b. Barcelona c. Manchester United d. Liverpool Answer: (c) 29. L&T Infotech was chosen to be an Implementation Agency to implement the Business Analytics Project in order to provide for data and information for analysing insurance companies and regulatory decision making by which body? a. IRDA b. SEBI c. RBI d. PFO Answer: (a) 30. Propelled by higher crude petroleum and steel production, the index of the six core' infrastructure industries registered 6.8 per cent higher growth in March 2011 compared to March 2011. What percentage growth did the index record? a. 7.4% b. 7.1% c. 7.5% d. 7.34% Answer: (a) 31. The Annual Monetary Policy for 2011-12 was presented by RBI Governor D.Subbarao on 3 May 2011. With regard to the monetary policies mention which of the following is/are not correct? 1. RBI increased the repo rate under the liquidity adjustment facility (LAF) by 50 basis points from 6.75 per cent to 7.25 per cent with immediate effect. 2. The Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) rate, determined with a spread of 100 basis points above the repo rate, stands calibrated at 8.75 per cent. 3. The Bank Rate has been retained at 5.0 per cent. 4. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in May 2011 decided to accept the broad framework of regulations recommended by the Malegam Committee report on micro finance institutions (MFIs) a. 3 & 4 b. 1 & 4 c. 2 & 3 d. 1 & 3 Answer: (c) 32. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) capped bank investments into liquid schemes to what per cent of the banks net worth? a. 15% b. 10% c. 12% d. 13.2% Answer: (b) 33. Which Industry Body proposed setting up of National Knowledge Functional Hub (NKFH) to engage higher educational institutions with the industry in order to produce quality engineering graduates and meet increasing requirement of skilled hands in the market? a. Food Corporation of India b. Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry c. Biotechnology Council of India d. Confederation of Indian Industries e. ASSOCHAM Answer: (b)

34. National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) towards the end of April 2011signed a memorandum of understanding with which of the following banks thereby adding another bank under its Bank Credit Facilitation Scheme? a. IndusInd Bank b. Vijaya Bank c. Canara Bank d. RBS Answer: (a) 35. Which of the following automakers appointed advertising agency McCann Erickson to handle creative and digital accounts of one of its brands in India? a. General Motors India b. Maruti Suzuki c. Das Auto d. Hyundai Answer: (a) 36. Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Ltd (SSNNL) awarded a Rs 298.63-crore contract to leading engineering and construction company Hindustan Construction Company Ltd for construction of which canal in India? a. Limbdi Branch Canal b. Agra Canal c. Lower Bhavani Project Canal d. Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project Answer: (a) 37. The Bombay High Court directed which of the following Airlines to pay Sahara India Rs 478 crore within two weeks? a. Emirates b. Jet Airways c. Kingfisher Airlines d. Air India Answer: (b) 38. Praveen Kumar Goyal replaced S V Narasimhan as Director (Finance) of which Public Sector Enterprise? a. IOC b. ONGC c. BHEL d. NTPC Answer: (a) 39. Which pharmaceutical companies shares tanked 6 per cent on the Bombay Stock Exchange on 5 May 2011 following a report by Fortune Magazine that the company may have to pay a penalty of over a billion dollars for allegedly violating manufacturing norms laid down by the US drug regulator a. Ranbaxy Laboratories b. Dr.Reddys c. Pfizer d. Novartis Answer: (a) 40. Which steel company announced on 5 May 2011 that it has won an order from Mazagaon Dock to supply 13,000 tonnes of heavy plates? a. Kobe Steel b. Essar Steel c. Jindal Steel d. JSW Steel Answer: (b) 41. ISRO on 2 May 2011 unveiled Indias fastest supercomputer named as__? a) Param b) SAGA-220 c) SAGA-200 d) Tianhe-1 A Answer: (b) SAGA-220 42. At present, who is the Chairman of ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)? a) Dr K Radhakrishnan b) G Madhvan Nair c) Vinod Rai d) Murli Manohar Joshi Answer: (a) Dr. K Radhakrishnan 43. Pig-nosed Turtles Face Extinction Threat because of Poaching. Consider the following statements on Pignosed Turtles. i) The scientific name of pig-nosed turtle is Carettochelys insculpta.

ii) The pig-nosed turtle is fully aquatic. Choose the right option. a) Both i and ii are correct. b) Only i is correct. c) Only ii is correct. d) Neither i nor ii is correct. Answer: (a) Both i and ii are correct. 44. According to the NASA experts, a giant asteroid is heading close the earth. What is the name of that asteroid? a)YU55 b)UY55 c) YU45 d) UY 45 Answer: (a) YU55 45. A recent survey done in Pune showed that 20 out of 3172 patients were carrying the superbug, NDM-1 gene. What is the full form of NDM-1? a) New Delhi metallo-beta lactamase-1 b) New Delhi Metro-1 c) New Delhi M-1 d) New Delhi Metallo-1 Answer: (a) New Delhi metallo-beta lactamese-1 46. Scientists recently developed a new vaccine named Bapineuzumab jab. The vaccine is meant to cure__. a) Cancer b) Alzheimer c) AIDS d) Diabetes Answer: (b) 47. USA approved the use of drone on forces of Gaddafi in Libya. What is Drone? a) Unmanned aircraft b) Missile c) Aircraft d) Tank Answer: (a) 48. Union Minister for Environment and forests Jairam Ramesh launched on 23 April 2011 a Bio-remediation technology project in the Buddah Nallah of Ludhiana in Punjab. Consider the following statements regarding the project. i) This is the first and the largest project of environment ministry across India under which bacteria are used for cleaning water bodies. ii) There are five places across India where such Bio-remediation projects have been launched. iii) The project is aimed at curbing pollution caused by sewerage and industrial effluents. Choose the right option: a) All i, ii and iii are correct. b) Only ii and iii are correct. c) Only i and iii are correct. d) Only i and ii are correct. Answer: (a) 49. According to a new study done at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, a controlled diet named Ketogenic diet. i) Ketogenic diet is high in carbohydrate and low in fat. ii) It can help repair kidney damage in diabetics. Please choose the right option: a) Both i and ii are correct. b) Only i is correct. c) Only ii is correct. d) Neither i nor ii is correct. Answer: (c) 50. According to a study done by the Scientists at Columbia University, the Antarctic ozone hole caused the series of droughts in Australia. The Ozone hole is caused by Cholorofluorocarbons(CFCs) found in air conditioning, aerosol and refrigeration. a) Air Conditioning, aerosol and refrigeration b) Aerosol and Refrigeration c) Air conditioning and refrigeration d) Air Conditioning only. Choose the right option: Answer: (a) 51. Sathya Sai Baba, one of India's most influential spiritual leaders expired on 24 April 2011 in his home town in Andhra Pradesh. Name his hometown.

a. Warangal b. Puttaparthi c. Mahabubnagar d. Vepagunta Answer: (b) 52. Nawang Gombu, the first man to scale Mt. Everest twice died in Darjeeling early on 24 April 2011 at the age of 79. Nawang was the first person in the world to summit Mt Everest twice, the first in India to conquer Nanda Devi (24,645ft) and the youngest to climb to a height of 26000 feet. Which of the following awards did he not win? a. Padma Bhusan b. Padma Shree c. Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal d. Bharat Ratna Answer: (d) 53. According to reports of Freedom House published on 23 April 2011 what was Indias ranking among 37 countries that were assessed on the basis of free and unrestricted access to the web? a. 10th b. 14th c. 25th d. 28th Answer: (b) 54. Identify the person with the help of the following clues: 1. He was arrested by the CBI in relation to the scam that revolved around a Rs 141-crore contract for the in-stadia results and scoring system. 2. A three-time Lok Sabha MP from Pune, he held the position of the President of the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) since 1996. 3. He is an alumnus of two prominent educational institutions in Pune St Vincents high school and Fergusson College. 4. He had joined the National Defence Academy in 1960 and was later commissioned in the IAF as a pilot a. Suresh Kalmadi b. Vinod Goenka c. Sharad Kumar d. Karim Morani Answer: (a) 55. Which group won 12 awards, including four Golds at the third edition of the WOW awards in April 2011 for events and experiential marketing? a. Mudra Group b. Wizcraft c. GroupM Media d. Candid Marketing Answer: (a) 56. Which one of the following became the first Indian state to set up Agriculture Cabinet? a. Bihar b. Uttar Pradesh c. Haryana d. Punjab Answer: (a) 57. Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) has identified twenty-five ecologically sensitive areas in which one of the following states? a. Kerala b. Goa c. Maharashtra d. Karnataka Answer: (a) 58. The National Advisory Council (NAC) finalised a draft bill named the draft prevention of communal and targeted violence (Access to Justice and Reparations) Bill to tackle communal violence including attacks SC and ST members and religious and linguistic minorities. Who is the Chairperson of NAC? a. Sonia Gandhi b. Manmohan Singh c. Suresh Kalmadi d. Rahul Gandhi Answer: (a) 59. Which body in India demanded on 24 April 2011 introduction of financial support through legislation for preventing corrosion of machines, pipelines and industrial structures? a. Confederation of Indian Industry b. Indian Ministry of Commerce c. Competition Commission of India

d. Indian Chamber of Commerce Answer: (a) 60. Which of the following bodies in April 2011modified the norms for appointment of its internal auditor? a. SEBI b. PFRDA c. IRDA d. India Inc Answer: (a) 61. According to the data released by Central Electricity Authority, India generated 811 billion units of electricity in 2010-11 fiscal marginally lower than the set target. What was the target set for electricity generation for 2010-11? a. 830 billion units b. 830.8 billion units c. 815 billion units d. 818 billion units Answer: (b) 62. Market regulator SEBI on 25 April 2011 sought more time from the Supreme Court to give its views on the report of a high-powered committee that probed case that dates back to 2006. Name the scam being referred to. a. IPO scam b. Telgi Stamp Paper Scam c. UTI Scam d. Madhu Coda Scam Answer: (a) 63. National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) on 26 April 2011 announced which of the following individuals appointment as its Chairman? a. Rajendra S. Pawar b. Harsh Manglik c. N. Chandrasekaran d. Ganesh Natarajan Answer: (a) 64. The Reserve Bank of India on 26 April 2011 fined 19 banks, including the country's top private and foreign banks for violating its guidelines on derivatives. Which is the only public sector bank on the list of banks to be fined? a. State bank of India b. Punjab National Bank c. Bank of India d. Indian Bank Answer: (a) 65. Sathya Sai Baba, one of India's most influential spiritual leaders expired on 24 April 2011 in his home town of Puttaparthi in Andhra Pradesh. Hindu devotees believed him to be an incarnation of which of the following Gods? a. Kapila b. Dattatreya c. Narasimha d. Dhanvantari Answer: (b) 66. Read the following clues: 1. The flower bloomed for the first time in 17 years in the Swiss city of Basel on 22 April 2011. 2. The 6.6-ft tall flower is native to the Indonesian island of Sumatra and emits the stench of rotting flesh to attract insects for pollination. 3. World-wide, there have only been 134 recorded instances of cultivated plants blooming. 4. The plant is on the verge of extinction as illegal logging and farmland expansion have destroyed nearly 70 percent of its rainforest habitat in western Sumatra. Identify the flower. a. Acalypha hispida b. Celosia argentea var. cristata c. Amorphophallus titanum d. Evolvulus glomeratus Answer: (c) 67. A panel probing charges of corruption, land grab and abuse of judicial office against which of the following Justices rejected the Justice in questions plea for reclusion of senior advocate P.P. Rao from the panel formed to probe? a. Justice P.D. Dinakaran b. Justice Aftab Alam c. Justice J.S. Khehar d. Justice N. K. Patil Answer: (a)

68. Which of the following dates in the month of April is annually celebrated as World Book Day? a. 23 April b. 24 April c. 25 April d. 28 April Answer: (a) 69. DSP Durgapur Steel Plant Day is celebrated at Durgapur in which of following dates in April? a. 24 April b. 27 April c. 30 April d. 25 April Answer: (a) 70. Chilean poet Gonzalo Rojas, who was forced into exile after the 1973 military coup died on 25 April 2011 at the age of 93. Which of the following is his first poetry anthology published in 1948? a. The Misery of Man b. From Water c. On Lightning d. Transtierro Answer: (a) 71. With an objective to promote the famous Indian Ayurvedic products, India Trade and Exhibition Centre (ITEC) decided to host an Indo-Ayur Fest in which of the following cities from 27 to 30 April 2011? a. Abu Dhabi b. Sharjah c. Tehran d. Islamabad Answer: (b) 72. U.K Sinha succeeded C B Bhabe to be elected Chairman of which of the following bodies? a. Asia-Pacific Regional Committee (APRC) of the International Organisation of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) b. SAARC Executive Committee Chairman c. Asian Development Bank Chairperson d. ASEAN Chairman Answer: (a) 73. In Yemen, protests continued despite the governments acceptance of the plan of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC). The council had proposed a 30-day exit plan for its President Ali Abdullah Saleh. The GCC was formed on 25 May 1981, in __. a. Riyadh b. Tehran c. Cairo d. Sanaa Answer: (a) 74. Which one of the following countries proposed a plan to strengthen safety standards in Nuclear Power plants? a. Russia b. UK c. Japan d. China Answer: (a) 75. Russia proposed a plan to strengthen safety standards in Nuclear Power plants. Consider the main features of the plan: i) To make nations using nuclear energy more responsible. ii) Additional safety measures for nuclear reactors and a ban on the construction of reactors in quake-prone zones. iii) To give more powers to international watchdogs to enforce the safety rules to avoid any nuclear catastrophe in future. Which of the above statements regarding the plan is/are correct? a. All i, ii and iii are correct. b. Only i and ii are correct. c. Only i is correct. d. Only ii is correct. Choose the right option: Answer: (a) 76. Iran and Iraq signed agreements on 24 April 2011 in Tehran on the extradition of each others detainees including provisions for the repatriation of convicts to their country of origin. Tehran is the capital of__. a. Iran b. Iraq c. Both Iran and Iraq

d. Saudi Arabia Answer: (a) 77. Which one of the following countries signed a Memorandum of Understanding with DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation) for the use of an explosive detection technology. a. USA b. Russia c. Japan d. Philippines Answer: (a) 78. Norio Ohga, who transformed the music industry with the development of the compact disc format died on 23 April 2011. He was the president of which of these companies from 1982 to 1995 during which he helped to purchase Columbia Pictures for $3.4 billion in 1989? a. Sony b. Phillips c. Star d. Live Nation Entertainment e. The Walt Disney Company Answer: (a) 79. Which company launched a customer relationship management (CRM) application via the private cloud to provide Microsoft's CRM software suite as a cloud service? a. DELL b. HP c. HCL d. Infosys Answer: (b) 80. Which of the following vehicles from the Mahindra & Mahindra stable was renamed Verito? a. Logan b. Bolero c. Xylo d. Reva Answer: (a) 81. Kalpataru Power Transmission secured orders to construct a 750 kV, 353-km transmission line from Rivnenska nuclear power station to Kyiv worth about Rs 825 crore. From which of the following companies did Kalpataru secure the order from? a. Maharashtra State Electricity Transmission Company b. Ukraine's state company NEC Ukrenergo c. Millenium Challenge Account Tanzania d. Indian Oil Corporation Answer: (b) 82. Which of the following steel plants in India bagged the prestigious Srishti Good Green Governance Award for 2010? a. Bhilai Steel Plant b. Rourkela Steel Plant c. Bokaro Steel Plant d. Salem Steel Plant Answer: (b) 83. Redington India was appointed as the national distributor for which of the following global information technology major? a. DELL b. HP c. Accenture d. IBM Answer: (a) 84. India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) on 20 April 2011 launched India's remote sensing satellite Resourcesat-2 from the spaceport of Sriharikota. In which one of the following states Sri Harikota is located? a) Andhra Pradesh b) Kerala c) Karnataka d) Rajasthan Answer: (a) Andhra Pradesh 85. British Scientists in the third week of April 2011, at the University of Leicester produced an injectible antibody that reduces the damaging effect of heart and the brain attack on human body by more than___. a) 45 percent b) 50 percent c) 55 percent

d) 60 percent Answer: (d) 86. The US military successfully conducted its most challenging test of a ballistic missile defense system. Consider the following statements regarding that. i) It will deploy in Europe to counter an Iran missile threat. ii) It was the ballistic missile target launched from an atoll in the Marshall Islands approximately 3,700 kilometers southwest of Hawaii. iii) The ground- and sea-based defense system is meant to shield the United States and its European allies from a potential ballistic missile attack, possibly from North Korea or Iran. Choose the right option: a) All i, ii and iii are correct. b) Only i and ii are correct. c) Only ii and iii are correct. d) Only i and iii are correct. Answer: (a) 87. India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) on 20 April 2011 launched India's remote sensing satellite Resourcesat-2 from the spaceport of Sriharikota. Which of the following statements is/are correct? i) India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle- C16 placed 3 satellites ii) It placed on a 822-km sunsynchronous orbit three satellites ResourceSat 2, an Indo Russian YouthSat and mini satellite X Sat from Nangyang Technological University of Singapore. a) Both i and ii are correct. b) Neither i nor ii is correct. c) Only i is correct. d) Only ii is correct. Answer: (a) 88. An ICAR arm, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), is coordinating with 21 institutes under ICAR umbrella to implement the NICRA (National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture) project. What is the full form of NICRA project? a) National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture b) National Initiative on Cultural Reform Association c) National integration Council on Research d) National Initiative on Core Reform Areas Answer: (a) 89. Rafael Nadal won his seventh Monte Carlo Masters & his 44th career title by defeating which of the following tennis players 6-4, 7-5 on 17 April 2011? a. Roger Federer b. Novak Djokovic c. David Ferrer d. Andy Murray Answer: (c) 90. Who emerged victorious in the Chinese Grand Prix on 17 April 2011? a. Lewis Hamilton b. Sebastian Vettel c. Mark Webber d. Fernando Alonso Answer: (a) 91. Consider the following clues: 1. She is a legendary Norwegian runner who went to become the face of New York City marathon. 2. She won the New York City marathon for nine times. 3. She won the gold medal in the inaugural world championship women's marathon in 1983, the silver medal in the inaugural Olympic women's marathon at the 1984 Los Angeles Games .She also set four marathon world record. 4. The legendary runner who won five world titles in cross-country died on 19 April 2011. Identify the runner. a. Grete Waitz b. Joan Benoit Samuelson c. Deena Kastor d. Amby Burfoot Answer: (a) 92. Which Indian former World junior champion and Grandmaster defeated his BPCL teammate Parimarjan to win the Dubai International Open chess title on 19 April 2011? a. Abhijeet Gupta b. K. Sasikiran c. B. Adhiban

d. Ramnath Bhuvanesh Answer: (a) 93. The organisers of Wimbledon tournaments on 19 April 2011 raised the prize money for the winners of 2011 Wimbledon champions. The winners of 2011 Wimbledon tournaments will earn 1.1m in prize money. By what percentage was the prize money raised? a. 5.5% b. 6.4% c. 4.6% d. 2.5% Answer: (b) 94. The Reserve Bank of India on 18 April 2011 formed a conglomerate cell within its supervisory set-up to keep a constant vigil on 12 large domestic and foreign banks. Which one of these banks will not come under the prescribed supervisory vigil? a.State Bank of India b. Bank of India c. Bank of Baroda d. Canara Bank e. Punjab National Bank Answer: (d) 95. Power equipment maker Bharat Heavy Electricals (BHEL) on 19 April 2011 announced that its consortium with Alstom won Rs 1,600 crore contract for steam turbine generators for which nuclear power station in India? a. Kakrapur Nuclear Power Station b. Kalpakkam Nuclear Power Station c. Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant d. Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project Answer: (a) 96. Oil regulator Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH) refused to which companies spending on KG-D6 gas fields? a. Reliance Industries b. ONGC Videsh c. Essar Oil d. Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited Answer: (a) 97. Which of the following PSUs was honoured with the Outstanding PSU of the Year award by All India Management Association on 21 April 2011? a. GAIL India b. ONGC c. Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. d. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Answer: (a) 98. Which public sector bank decided to do away with the teaser home loan scheme beginning 30 April 2011? a. State Bank of India b. Bank of India c. Union Bank d. Punjab National Bank Answer: (a) 99. Which Broadcasting major in India on 15 April 2011 launched high definition versions of its channels in the country and unveiled its new corporate logo? a. Star India b. Sony c. IBN 18 d. ESPN Answer: (a) 100. Which of the following telecom majors partnered with photo service firm Zoomin.com to allow its broadband customers to store unlimited number of photos and also enable its users to import photo albums from Facebook or upload unlimited number of photos directly from their computer to their account? a. MTNL b. Bharti Airtel c. Uninor d. Blackberry Answer: (b)

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CIVIL SERVICES MAINS ESSAY MODEL QUESTION PAPER 2011

Write an essay on any one of the following topics: Corruptionalism in India Mutual understanding make good neighbors haves and have not of our Indian society. How Geography save India? Fourth pillar of Indians Showcase Patriotism spread in India India as a global leader. Traditions importance in India. Science & Tech development story of current India. Role of social networks in any public movements? How to failed state impressed neighbors countries?

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National e-Governance Plan

Over the years, a large number of initiatives have been undertaken by various State Governments and Central Ministries to usher in an era of e-Government. Sustained efforts have been made at multiple levels to improve the delivery of public services and simplify the process of accessing them. e-Governance in India has steadily evolved from computerization of Government Departments to initiatives that encapsulate the finer points of Governance, such as citizen centricity, service orientation and transparency. Lessons from previous e-Governance initiatives have played an important role in shaping the progressive eGovernance strategy of the country. Due cognizance has been taken of the notion that to speed up e-Governance implementation across the various arms of Government at National, State, and Local levels, a programme approach needs to be adopted, guided by common vision and strategy. This approach has the potential of enabling huge savings in costs through sharing of core and support infrastructure, enabling interoperability through standards, and of presenting a seamless view of Government to citizens. The National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), takes a holistic view of e-Governance initiatives across the country, integrating them into a collective vision, a shared cause. Around this idea, a massive countrywide infrastructure reaching down to the remotest of villages is evolving, and large-scale digitization of records is taking place to enable easy, reliable access over the internet. The ultimate objective is to bring public services closer home to citizens, as articulated in the Vision Statement of NeGP. The Government approved the National e-Governance Plan (NeGP), comprising of 27 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) and 8 components, on May 18, 2006. The Government has accorded approval to the vision, approach, strategy, key components, implementation methodology, and management structure for NeGP. However, the approval of NeGP does not constitute financial approval(s) for all the Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) and components under it. The existing or ongoing projects in the MMP category, being implemented by various Central Ministries, States, and State Departments would be suitably augmented and enhanced to align with the objectives of NeGP.

WOMEN AND CHILD WELFARE SCHEMES

Schemes for Women

Compulsory Registration of Marriages / Prevention of Child Marriages through Child Marriage Prohibition Act, 2006, A.P., Compulsory Registration of Marriage Act, 2002 and 2003 Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961. Implementation of Domestic Violence Act, 2005. 1. SWAYAM SIDHA In the year 1996 the GOI sanctioned the scheme the Indira Mahila Yojana (IMY) to implement in 14 blocks of Chittoor and Mahabubnagar Districts of A.P. Subsequently the IMY scheme has been renamed as IWEP (Integrate Women Empowerment Programme) i.e., Swayamsidha, and the Scheme is extended up to 2001-07 March, in 38 Blocks. The main objective of the Programme is to create confidence and awareness among members of SHGs regarding Womens status, Health, Nutrition, Education, Sanitation & Hygiene, Legal rights Economic upliftment and other Social Economic and political issues. No of Projects : 38 No of Groups formed : 3874 No of Villages Covered : 2454 No of Group Members : 53598 Noof Groups started Savings : 3874 Amount of savings : Rs. 3,28,56,058 No of Groups Started Inter Loaning : 2818 Amount of Inter Loaning : Rs. 3,13,18,132 No of Groups availing Bank Loans : 1722 Amount of Bank linkages : Rs. 5,21,35,628 3874 Groups are involved in IGA activities. An amount of Rs. 334.60 Lakhs @ Rs.10, 000/- for each Group for 3346 groups as revolving fund is sanctioned. The following activities have been taken up with an amount of Rs.338.76 Lakhs at State Level and Block Level during 2005-06. Developed IEC and Training Modules. Conducted Trainings on conflict Management Communication skills, Capacity Building, Training and Financial Management and Register Maintenance. Bankers Sensitization and workshops and meetings with Line departments. Conducted Regional Level Workshops for CDPOs and Supervisors.

Conducted Convergence Trainings and ED Programmes Started Community Oriented Innovation Intervention Scheme with the share of 60:40 GOI and State Governments. The Works on Community Assets creation is under process i.e construction of Community Halls cum Productivity Centres, C.C Roads, Drainages, Bus shelters, Retaining walls & Bore wells with the State Share of Rs. 87.60 Lakhs for 188 works. Tie-up initiated with KVIC State Boards. Preparation of project proposals through RICS (Rural Industries Consultancy Services) and KGMV (Khadi Gramodyoga Maha Vidyalay) Hyderabad is under process. The State Level Mela was conducted from 8th march 2006 to 11th march 2006 at Hyderabad. In the State Level Mela the Honble Minister of Andhra Pradesh for Women Dev. & Child Welfare has inaugurated the Mela on 8th March-2006, followed by the visit of prominent people and officials of various Departments. The Honble Minister visited all the 55 Exhibition Stalls, and had spared 2 Hours. 2. LACTATING MOTHERS THROUGH ICDS 1. Supplementary Nutrition to pregnant and lactating mothers. 2. Immunization to Women. 3. Health check-up to Women. 4. Referral services to Women. 5. Nutrition and Health Education to mothers and Adolescent Girls. 3. INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES FOR DESTITUTES, WIDOWS, DESERTED WIVES etc THROUGH: 1. State Homes 2. SwadharHomes/RescueHomes Swadhar is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme for women in difficult circumstances including the victims of trafficking. There are 34 Swadhar Homes across the State, out of which 31 are run by the Non Governmental Organizations. One Home at Kukatpally which is run by the State Government exclusively for the rescued victims of trafficking with 200 beds capacity. Under this Scheme shelter, food, clothing, counseling, skill development training programme besides rehabilitation are provided to the women. 4. TRAINING PROGRAMMES THROUGH: 1. State Homes 2. Swadhar Homes/Rescue Homes 3. Mahila Pranganams in each of the 23 districts 5. SUPPORT FOR PERSUING HIGHER EDUCATION THROUGH : 1. Full Reimbursments of fees/Scholarships for SC's/ST's/BC's/Minority/Disabled/Econamically poor with anual income of RS 1 lakh and below 2. 70% reservation for Orphans/Destitutes/ in diploma courses at Durgabhai Deshmuk Women's Technical Training Institute at Yousafguda - Hyderabad 6. NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR ADOLESCENT GIRLS (NPAG) This is a Nutrition Programme for Adolescent Girls (NPAG) A pilot Project is initiated by the planning commission to provide free food grains to under nourished adolescent girls in 51 identified districts in the country. The Project is being implemented in 2 backward districts i.e., Adilabad and Mahaboobnagar. The scheme is launched. To reduce anemia in Adolescent Girls. To improve nutritional and health status in Adolescent Girls. To improve body weight in adolescent girls. Under the scheme subsidized food grains i.e., 6 Kgs per month is being provided at free of cost through public distribution system to undernourished adolescent girls whose weight is below 35 Kgs. Selection of beneficiaries is done basing on their weight and regular monitoring on quarterly basis.

Under Nutrition Programme for Adolescent girls, the beneficiaries covered during 2009-10 are 3,71,000. Out of these 60,102 are SCs and 25,970 are STs. The following steps have been taken to reduce malnutrition.

Providing nutritious food supplements to all the children below 6 years, pregnant and lactating women. Vitamin premix is added in the Modified Therapeutic food and in instant food Premixes to the extent of 50% of the recommended Dietary allowance to reduce Micronutrient Malnutrition. Monthly Magazines are being supplied to all Anganwadi Centers on topics covering Nutrition, Health & other issues. Iodized Salt is being used in Local Food Model where the hot cooked food is supplied to reduce the iodine deficiency disorders. The department has organized workshops from regional level to grass root level to improve the consumption of Iodized Salt. The importance of Iodine intake and its impact on deficiency has been well sensitized in the community to reduce Iodine deficiency. Through IEC, AWWs are exposed to Nutrition and Health issues. Personal Hygiene practice is being promoted at the AWCs. Promotion of Kitchen Gardening to improve intake of vitamin A and Iron inputs of foods. Nutrition and Health education classes also being conducted at AWCs.

Promoting the IYCF feeding practices to improve the Nutritional Status and to reduce the infant deaths.

Awareness on importance of Health & Nutrition for reducing the Malnutrition level are being regularly conducted by Anganwadi Training Centers & Middle Level Training Centers. Infant & Young Child Feeding Practice is built into the Curriculum of ICDS regular job course & Refresher course Trainings. Infant & Young Child Feeding Counseling specialists training programme was conducted for 118 MLTC, AWTC instructors & Departmental Officials. In turn they are conducting 3 days training programme for front line workers. Promotion of Infant & Young Child Feeding Practices through special events like World Breast Feeding Week, Nutrition Week Celebrations at State Level, District Level & Project Level are also conducted regularly. Mother Support Groups A Forum to improve proper infant and child feeding practices at home. Sensitization of family members individually on the importance of infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) mainly on breast milk within one hour, exclusive breast feeding for 6 months and appropriate complementary feeding after 6 months while continuing breast feeding for 2 years and beyond are emphasized.

Special Campaign to bring awareness on Health and Nutrition

Through campaign mode awareness is created among mothers and elders on importance of care during Pregnancy / New Born Care. Promotion of institutional deliveries and feeding practices. Conducting Samoohika Sreemanthalu, Anna Prasanas and counsel the mothers on importance of feeding practices etc are taken up. The House visits are prioritized by AWWs / Supervisors during the most critical periods of the life cycle such as, Pregnant Care, New Born Care etc., and Counseling is done to bring behavioral changes, especially on feeding practices among mothers and elders.

Conducting of Nutrition Health days in Cooperation with Health Department The Village Health Days are Conducted to identify and enroll the left outs / drop outs, among Children and also to bring transparency and accountability on the services of the Department, and also on SNP, bringing awareness among community to demand for the services of the Dept. This platform is also used to discuss on the difference Government schemes, encouraging Participation of CBOs / MMS during NHDs to increase accountability, and demand for services. 7. KISHORE SHAKTI YOJANA The Scheme is intended to provide awareness to Adolescent girls on Trafficking, Child Marriage Act and on topics of social, Health and Economic issues. The training is imparted in vocational skills which suit the Adolescent Girls to get their lively hood. 1. Eleven to Eighteen years Adolescent girls are covered under Kishore Shakti Yojana to train them on relevant Social issues through peer group interaction and change agents. 2. 17,760 Balika Mandals are formed in the state with target group covering 11 Anganwadi Centers in a project every year. 3. Every Balika Mandal has three change agents who are trained as master trainers. 4. Vocational training which are placement oriented are started this year covering nearly 18,000 girls in computers, lace making, embroidery, beautician etc., through Jana Shikshana Samstha and Vocation Education Department. 8. RELIEF FUND FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME To rescue & rehabilitate Financial Assistance up to 1.00 Lakh is provided for the following:1. To rescue and rehabilitate Women under trafficking / Kidnap / rape / dowry death etc., for which financial assistance is being provided. 2. To create awareness on to prevent crimes against women. 3. To enable the victims to seek justice in the Court to Law. 4. To provide justice to the victim women and to protect the constitutional rights provided to women and children. 5. For repatriation of victims rescued from places of trafficking to their homes / transit home / rescue home, expenditure towards travel, clothing and other immediate necessities, urgent medical care, food and accommodation expenses etc. 9. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT 2005 The Government of India has enacted an act called protection of women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 w.e.f., 26.10.2006. To implement this act the Government have appointed 104 Protection Officers (23 Project Directors of the Dept., 81 RDOs) and 72 service providers are appointed to extend help to aggrieved women under PW DV Act 2005. The provision of Rs.50,00,000/- is provided for office assistance to appoint supporting staff i.e., 46 Counselors, 23 DEOs, 46 Messengers (deputed from Police Dept.,) to the Protection Officers and one Junior Asst & one DEO at Directorate for effective implementation of the Act. The total number of DIRs filed so far

is 4,430 under the Act, the total number of Interim orders in 473 and Final Orders issued in 836 respectively as on 31.10.2009. 10. ANTI TRAFFICKING MEASURES

A comprehensive policy for combating trafficking of women and children for commercial sexual exploitation was issued vide G.O.Ms.No.1, Dt.03.01.2003. Orders provide for establishing Regional Networks, formation of Community Vigilant groups etc. Two Regional Net Works covering Ananthapur, Kadapa and Chittoor & Guntur and Prakasam are in operation with intensive approach, with the help of UNICEF. In the year 2009-2010 so far 48 Victims of Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Trafficking (VOCSETS) were given relief of Rs.10,000/- each. A total of 475 trafficking victims are given shelter in 32 Swadhar Homes.

Schemes for Children

Supplementary Nutrition Programme (SNP) Education in Children Homes Child Adoption

Integrated Child Development Services(ICDS) Girl Child Protection Scheme

Integrated Child Development Services(ICDS) The Department has universalized the ICDS Programme in the entire State with 385 ICDS Projects and the following services are rendered through the Anganwadi Centers.

a) b) c) d) e) f)

Supplementary Nutrition Programme. Pre-School Education to Children. Immunization The services are provided with active coHealth Checkups ordination with the community and line Referral Services Departments concerned. Health & Nutrition Education to Children, Women and Adolescent Girls.

Mandate, Goals and Policy frame work

To reduce Malnutrition in 0-6 year Children. Reduction of Children with low Birth Weight. To reduce Infant Mortality Rate. To reduce Maternal Mortality Rate. To educate Mothers about Nutrition & Health. To reduce anemia, Vitamin A deficiency and Iodine deficiency among the Children below 6 years and Mothers. To improve the Feeding Practices. To achieve the above goals Supplementary Nutrition Programme is provided to the Children 0-6 years, Pregnant and Lactating Mothers.

The coverage of beneficiaries, during the previous years are as follows:-

Year 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

Projects 385 385 385

No. of AWCs 73,944 73,944 73,944

Women 61,87,882 1,16,90,063 1,17,02,400

Beneficiaries Children 77,42,986 59,72,851 60,70,620

Total 1,39,30,868 1,76,62,914 1,77,73,020

Out of the total 73,944 Main AWCs 61,880 are in Rural Areas, 7,021 are in Urban Area and 5,043 are in Tribal Areas. In addition 7,621 Mini AWCs are also in operation all over the State. SUPPLEMENTARY NUTRITION PROGRAMME (SNP):Nutrition is the most important service rendered under ICDS. Broadly three varieties of Supplementary Food is being provided to the beneficiaries (76 Beneficiaries per Anganwadi Center) in 385 ICDS Projects in the State.

Sl.No. 1. 2. 3.

Types of Food Ready To Eat (RTE) Food Local Food Model (LFM) Community Managed SNP (Local Food)

Projects 223 159 3

AWCs 42,202 31,073 669

Beneficiaries 32,07,352 23,61,548 50,844

Total

385

73,944

56,19,744

Under SNP component, coverage of beneficiarys category wise, age wise is as follows:0-3 years Children - 22,92,264 3-6 years Children - 21,44,376 Pregnant & Lactating - 11,83,104 ------------Total:- 56,19,744 ------------a) Cost:Government of India have revised the cost norms relating to implementation of SNP under ICDS scheme and communicated the revised rates. Government of A.P. vide G.O.Rt.No.176, WD CW & DW (ICDS) Dept., Dt.09.06.2009 have accorded permission to incur the expenditure on SNP under ICDS Scheme as per GOI revised norms and the rates have been increased as follows:

Rs.4/- per Child per day. Rs.5/- per Adult per day. Rs.6/- per Malnourished Children.

Three Types Food Models are given to the Children 6 Months to 6 years and Pregnant & Lactating Women. 1) Ready to Eat Food (RTE) a) RTE / Modern Therapeutic Food supplied by A.P. Foods. b) Three types of Hot Cooked Food Premixes, supplied by A.P. Foods, 1. Halwa Mix. 2. Kichidi Mix. 3. Upma Mix. 2) Local Food Model:- Ration is supplied by the Project Directors through District Purchase Committee. i) Hot Pongal ii) Broken Wheat Kichidi. Hot Cooked Food is supplied through Anganwadi Centers for the Children age group of 3-6 years. 3) CMSNP:- Supplied Jowar Mix by Mothers Groups. Take Home Ration is being given for 6M 3Ys, Pregnant & Lactating Women once in 15 days. Hot cooked food is being given to 3-6 years Children at AWCs. b) Ration Size:Increased Ration Size as per revised cost norms. For Children 6 Months to 6 Years - 90 gms. For Pregnant & Lactating Mothers - 140 gms. For malnourished Children - 140 gms. As per Government of India norms, the nutritive values i.e., Calories and Proteins is as follows:-

Sl. No. a. b. c. d.

Beneficiaries Children 0-3 Years Children 3-6 Years Severely malnourished Children Pregnant & Lactating

Calories (Cal) 500 500 800 600

Protein 12-15 12-15 20-25 18-20

c) Policy Initiatives:To encourage community participation and also to decentralize the supply of SNP in ICDS Projects, the CMSNP is being implemented in 4 ICDS Projects. The Mothers Committee is entrusted with the preparing and supplying the food to the Anganwadi Centers. There are 17 groups consisting of 10 members participating in 4 ICDS Projects covering 669 AWCs. Each group supplies the food to 30 to 50 Anganwadi Centers. A Non-Government organization by name Rastriya Seva Samithi in Thirupathi, Chittoor District is providing service under Integrated Child Development Scheme. Supplementary Nutrition Programme is also being operated by this organization in Thirupathi Rural Project. In two pilot Projects in the Districts of Visakhapatnam and Karimnagar, the Mothers Committees in these Districts are involved in the activities of supply chain distribution, stock maintenance of stock register accounts, and need based management. In Bheemili Project of Visakhapatnam, Mothers Committee is involved, in supplying material from Project Center to all the AWCs of the Project, at Stage-II supply. They procure the provisions from PDS and open market. A need based management strategy has been developed and it gave lot of confidence to the

community. They are now aware of supply chain, maintenance of accounts and Registers, transactions through banks, stock monitoring and effective and efficient use of commodities. CHILD ADOPTION Adoption undoubtedly offers an important avenue for the care and protection of an abandoned, destitute or neglected child in a family setting and provides an atmosphere of happiness, love and understanding for the realization of his / her talents and potentials. It carries with it all the emotional, physical and material security necessary for the proper development of the child and also serves as the most reliable means of preventing situations associated with the abuse, exploitation and social maladjustment of abandoned, destitute and neglected children. The main purpose of adoption is to provide family to the destitute and neglected children. . The Supreme Court of India has formulated certain guidelines in respect of in-country as well as inter-country adoption. As a part of the guidelines the Government of India has constituted Central Adoption Resource Agency (CARA) at all India level on 03-07-1990, which is the nodal body of the ministry of Women Development & Child Welfare Department GOI to deal with all adoptive matters. The CARA issues guidelines from time to time to the States for both in-country and inter-country adoptions. It also acts as clearing house of information in regard to children available for in country and inter-country adoptions to monitor regulate and develop programmes for rehabilitation of children through adoption. ADOPTION COORDINATING AGENCY (ACA)

1. There is a Central Agency i.e. Voluntary Co-ordinating Agency (VCA) now it is renamed as ADOPTION
2. 3. 4. 5. COORDINATING AGENCY (ACA) in the state under the control of Women Development and Child Welfare Department to promote Indian adoption and for generating awareness on adoption. In ACA registers will be maintained for all prospective adoptive parents and available children for adoption. It coordinates with other ACAs across the country. Where Indian placement is not materialized clearance certificate is issued for Inter country adoption. Inter Country Adoption VCA receives grant in aid from CARA towards salaries of the staff and maintenance.

SHISHUGRAHA:Central Adoption resources Agency (CARA) has sanctioned 10 units of Shishugruhas for Andhra Pradesh State along with budget during the year 2003-04, vide Reference No.22-14/01/CM (AC), Dt.05.08.03, to be located in 10 drought prone districts. Such as Ranga Reddy, Nalgonda, Warangal, Adilabad, Kurnool, Ananthapur, Visakhapatnam, Krishna, Prakasham and Khammam Districts. After completion of regular process of adoptions the children of Sishugreh are being placed for adoption.

Sl.No. Name of the Name of the Email Ids District Shishugruhas working under control of Project Director 1 Ongole Project Bplingam_vemuluri@yahoo.co.in (or)eshwaralingam@yahoo.c Director, om Ongole 2 Kurnool Project pdkurnool@rediffmail.com Director, Kurnool 3 Nalgonda Project Venugopalrao.parimi@gmail.com Director, Nalgonda 4 Warangal Project Sekhar_adelly@yahoo.co.in Director, Warangal 5 Visakhapatna Project pdvizag@yahoo.co.in m Director, Visakhapatna m 6 Vijayawada Project dzvk_2005@yahoo.com Director, Vijayawada 7 Adilabad Project Director, Adilabad 8 Anantapur Project afrindm2005@yahoo.com Director,

Phone Numbers

08592 -235304 08518 -277721 08682 -245983 0870 -2550359 08912706156 / 2503893 08922 -277985 08732 -236630 08554 -232337

10

Anantapur Ranga Reddy Project Pd_dwcdarrd@rediffmail.com Director, Ranga Reddy Khammam Project Pd_kmm@yahoo.in Director Khammam

040 -2324002 3 08742 -255857

PROCEDURE FOR IN-COUNTRY ADOPTION Prospective adoptive parent(s) should submit their application in prescribed format along with necessary documents for adoption in triplicate to the local Sisugrahas / Project Director DW & CDA of concern District / The State Adoption Cell Office of Directorate WD&CW Department Hyderabad

A home study report of the prospective adoptive parents will be prepared by the social worker of the Agency / Department. The application of PAPs will be placed in seniority list. The application will be processed according to the seniority, categories wise i.e. Male/Female and the age group of children (below one year/ 1-3 year/ above 3 year) being maintained separately. After the CWC declares the child as abandoned then the child will be matched to the PAPs as per their eligibility on the above category when their turn comes in the seniority. The Prospective adoptive parents will be allowed to take the child for medical tests. Once a successful matching has been done, the child was placed under foster care to Prospective adoptive parents by executing a bond on Rs.10/- bond paper in favour of Director WD&CW Department. The Prospective adoptive parents they will file a petition with in 45 days of foster care in the family Court / City Civil Court JJ Board for obtaining the necessary order under the relevant ACT. The children can be legally placed with the parents(s) under HAMA / GAWA / JJ-Act 2000. The Adoption will be registered after legalization of adoption. The form I will be submitted to MCH concerned Municipalities in the District for issue of Date of Birth certificate after registration.

Follow up visits:

It should be followed by regular follow up visits and post adoption counseling by the social worker till the child is adjusted in the new environment for a period of two years.

Waiting Period:-

PAPs who applied for Waiting Period Gender Age Group Female Below 1 year1 year 6 Months Female 1-3 years1 year 6 Months Female Above 3 Years10 Months Male Below 1 year3 years Male 1-3 years3 years Male Above 3 Years2 & 1/2 years
Status of Adoption Files being processed MALE 1. Below 1 yr July 2007 2. 1-3 yrs March 2007 FEMALE 1. 2. 3. 4. Below 1 yr Dec 2008 1-3 yrs Oct 2008 Above 3 yrs August 2009 Above 3 yrs May 2008

Criteria for Prospective Adoptive Parents including single Parents:-

Prospective Adoptive Parents having a composite age of 90 years and less and where neither parent has crossed 45 years can be considered for adoption of Infant children. In case of Special needs children with medical problems, the age limit of adoptive parent(s) may be relaxed by concerned State Government. Single person who has in the age of 30-45 years and who fulfill the other criteria can also adopt and the age difference between the single parent and the child should be 21 years. The prospective parent(s) should have a regular source of income with a minimum average monthly income of at least Rs.5000/- per month. The child crossed 6 years consent of the child should be taken before adoption.

Inter Country adoptions: 1. CARA, New Delhi have issued the Recognition Certificate for dealing Inter Country adoption cases of Indian Children and handling the related matters on adoption to the Director, it is valid for the period from 04-07-2008 to 03-07-2011.

2. It is submitted that from 2008 to 2010 till now 32 applications were received from parents residing abroad.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 9 Applications were received for Special Need Children. The Applications are under process. For the Inter Country Adoptions the service charge is $3500. It is fixed as per the CARA guidelines. 7 applications were sent to CARA for the purpose of NOC. 7 NOCs received from CARA, New Delhi. 7 applications legalization of Adoption is Completed. In Inter Country Adoptions Preference is being given to AP Origin NRIs. For totally Foreigners providing only special need children due to huge pendancy of applications for in country. one application legalization of Adoption is completed and Processing is going on for Passport and VISA. one application submitted to CARA for the purpose of NOC for Special Need Child. FCRA certificate is not at received from the Ministry of Home affairs. 7 more PAPs are awaiting for the matching of the Children. 7 Special need children are matched with PAPs, Inter Country Adoption is under Process. Website www.adoptionindia.nic.in STATUS OF ADOPTIONS:

14. For further Guidelines for In Country & Inter Country please visit the CARA

Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 (Up to May 2010)

Number of adoptions given 167 194 236 (5 Children Given for Inter Country Adoption 92 (2 Child Given for Inter Country Adoption)

STATUS REPORT OF IN-COUNTRY & INTER COUNTRY ADOPTIONS FOR THE YEARS 2000 - 2010, May YEAR IN-COUNTRY INTER COUNTRY TOTAL 2000 116 17 133 2001 77 12 89 2002 148 5 153 2003 92 1 93 2004 97 2 99 2005 93 0 93 2006 104 0 104 2007 167 0 167 2008 193 1 194 2009 231 5 236 2010 90 2 92 GRAND TOTAL 1408 45 1453
BALIKA MANDALS

A Balika Mandal is formed with 25-30 Adolescent Girls in the age group of 11-18 years in a village both with school dropouts and school going girls.

Since year 2000, 63 projects are covered @ 11 AWCs per Project per year sanctioned. During 2005-06, all 376 projects are covered @ 11 AWCs per project. 11,340 numbers of Balika Mandals are formed with 3.40 Lakh Adolescent Girls, so far. The girls are attached to local AWC and given awareness on social issues like Child marriages, Child trafficking and hygiene, health, nutrition. Skill Development training in Home-based activities are provided.

IFA tablets are being provided to 4,89,360 Adolescent Girl in 16,312 AWCs covered in Indiramma villages. Peer group Education, Orientation trainings and Age at marriage, Registration of marriages, HIV / AIDS, Anti-trafficking, Iron Deficiency Disorders, Feeding Practices etc., is given. GIRL CHILD PROTECTION SCHEME The GCPS scheme was launched on 8th March, 2005 which is a novel and first of its kind in the Country with the main objective of giving protection to girl child.G.O.Ms.No.33, Women Development Child Welfare & Disabled Welfare (JJ.A1) Department, Dt.18.12.2009 has been issued with following aims. Objectives of the Scheme:

Promote enrollment and retention of the girl child in school and to ensure her education at least up to intermediate level. Encourage girls to get married only after the age of 18 years. Encourage parents to adopt family planning norms with two girl children. Protect the rights of the girl child and provide social and financial empowerment to girl child. Eliminate negative cultural attitudes and practices against girls. Strengthen the role of the family in improving the status of the girl child. Extend a special dispensation to orphans / destitutes and differently abled girls. for more details on GCPS visit GCPS Website

EDUCATION IN CHILDREN HOMES The department is running 81 Children Homes in the state which are meant for girl orphans / semi orphans / Children of disabled parents and ex-servicemen. Children in the age group of 6-10 years and in special cases upto 12 years are admitted. Children are provided boarding / shelter / clothing / medical care till 10th class or 18 years of age which ever is earlier. For overall improvements of Children knowledge certain innovative schemes like computer training / sports yoga / special coaching for 6th to 10th Classes / bulbuls and guides / training in creative arts are introduced. INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES FOR ORPHANS/DESTITUTES THROUGH: 1. Children Homes

2. Collegiate Homes
TRAINING PROGRAMMES THROUGH: 1. Mahila Pranganams in each of the 23 districts SUPPORT FOR PERSUING HIGHER EDUCATION THROUGH : 1. Full Reimbursments of fees/Scholarships for SC's/ST's/BC's/Minority/Disabled/Econamically poor with anual income of RS 1 lakh and below 2. 70% reservation for Orphans/Destitutes/ in diploma courses at Durgabhai Deshmuk Women's Technical Training Institute at Yousafguda - Hyderabad

*****

India Development Programmes History of Development & Employment Programs in India: at a Glance
1. 1952: Community Development Programme (CDP)
overall development of rural areas and peoples participation.

2. 1960-61: Intensive Agriculture Development program (IADP)

To provide loan for seeds and fertilizers to farmers

3. 1964-65: Intensive Agriculture Area programme (IAAP)

To develop special harvest in agriculture area.

4. 1965 : Credit Authorization Scheme (CAS)

Involved qualitative credit control of reserve bank of India

5. 1966-67: High yielding variety programme (HYVP)

To increase the productivity of food grains by adopting latest varieties of inputs of crops.

6. 1966-67: Green Revolution:

To Increase productivity. Confined to wheat production.

7. 1969: Rural Electrification Corporation

To provide electricity in rural areas

8. 1972 : Scheme of Discriminatory Interest Rate

To provide loan to the weaker sections of society at a concessional interest rate of 4%

9. 1972-73 : Accelerated Rural water Supply Programme (ARWSP)

Providing drinking water in villages

10. 1973: Drought Prone Area Programme:

Protection from drought by achieving environement balace and by developing ground water

11. 1973: Crash Scheme for Rural Employment CSRE

For rural employment

12. 1973-74 : Marginal Farmer and Agriculture Labor Agency (MFALA)

Technical & financial assistance to marginal farmers

13. 1974-75: Small Farmer Development Scheme SFDS

Technical & financial assistance to small farmers

14. 1975: Command Area Development Programme: (CADP)

Better utilization of irrigational capacities

15. 1975: Twenty Point Programme (TPP)

Poverty eradication and an overall objective of raising the level living

16. 1977: National Institution of Rural Development

Training, investigation and advisory for rural development

17. 1977-78 : Desert Development Programme: (DDP)

To control the desert expansion by maintaining environment balance

18. 1977-78: Food For Work Programme:

providing food grains to labor

19. 1977-78 : Antyodaya Yojna :

Scheme of Rajasthan, providing economic assistance to poorest families

20. 1979 : Training Rural Youth for Self Employment TRYSEM (launched on 15th August)
educational and vocational training

21. 1980 : Integrated Rural Development Programme :IRDP (launched on October 2, 1980)
overall development of rural poor

22. 1980 : National Rural Development programme NREP

employment for rural manforce

23. 1982 : Development of Women & Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA)

sustainable opportunities of self employment to the women belonging to the rural families who are living below the poverty line.

24. 1983 : Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) (Launched on August 15)
employment to landless farmers and laborers

25. 1983-84: Farmers Agriculture Service Centers FASCs

Tell the people use of improved instruments of agriculture

26. 1984 : National Fund for Rural Development : To grant 100% tax rebate to donors and also to provide
financial assistance for rural development projects

27. 1985: Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme:

Crop Insurance

28. 1986: Council of Advancement of Peoples Action & Rural Technology (CAPART)
Assistance to rural people

29. 1986: Self Employment Programme for the Poor SEPUP

Self employment through credit and subsidy

30. 1986: National Drinking Water Mission:

For rural drinking water renamed and upgraded to Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission in 1991.

31. 1988: Service Area Account

Rural Credit

32. 1989: Jawahar Rozgar Yojna : JRY

Employment to rural unemployed

33. 1989: Nehru Rozgar Yojna NRY

Employment to Urban unemployed

34. 1990: Agriculture & Rural Debt Relief Scheme: ARDRS

Exempt Bank loans up to Rs. 10000 for rural artisans and weavers

35. 1990: Scheme for Urban Micro Enterprises SUME

Assist urban small entrepreneurs

36. 1990: Scheme of Urban wage Employment SUWE

Scheme for urban poors

37. 1990: Scheme of Housing and Shelter Upgradation (SHASU)

Providing employment by shelter Upgradation

38. 1991: National Housing Bank Voluntary Deposit Scheme

Using black money by constructing low cost housing for the poor.

39. 1992: National Renewal Fund

This scheme was for the employees of the public sector

40. 1993: Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS) (Launched on October, 2)

Employment of at least 100 days in a year in villages

41. 1993: Members of parliament Local Area Development Scheme MPLADS (December 23, 1993)
Sanctioned 1 crore per year for development works

42. 1994: Scheme for Infrastructural Development in Mega Cities : SIDMC

Water supply, sewage, drainage, urban transportation, land development and improvement slums projects in metro cities

43. 1993: District Rural Development Agency DRDA

Financial assistance to rural people by district level authority

44. 1993 : Mahila Samridhi Yojna (October 2, 1993)

Encourage rural women to deposit in Post office schems

45. 1994 : Child labor Eradication Scheme

Shift child labour from hazardous industries to schools

46. 1995: prime Minister Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication programme PMIUPEP
To eradicate urban poverty

47. 1995 : Mid day Meal Scheme:

Nutrition to students in primary schools to improve enrolment, retention and attendence

48. 1996: Group Life Insurance Scheme for Rural Areas

Insurance in rural area for low premium

49. 1995: national Social Assistance programme:

Assist BPL people.

50. 1997-98; Ganga Kalyan Yojna

Provide financial assistance to farmers for exploring ground water resources

51. 1997 Kastoorba Gandhi Education Scheme: (15 August 1997)

Establish girls schools in low female literacy areas (district level)

52. 1997: Swaran Jayanto Shahari Rojgar Yojna:

Urban employment

53. 1998: Bhagya Shree Bal Kalyan Policy

Upliftment of female childs

54. March 1999 : Annapurna Yojna

10 kgs food grains to elderly people

55. April 1999: Swaran Jayanto Gram Swarojgar Yojna

Self employment in rural areas

56. April 1999: Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojna

Village infrastructure

57. August 2000 : Jan Shree Bima Yojna

Insurance for BPL people

58. 2000 : Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojna

Basic needs of rural people

59. December 25, 2000 : Antyodaya Anna Yojna

To provide food security to poor

60. December 25, 2000 : Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna:

Connect all villages with nearest pukka road.

61. September 2001: Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojna

Employment and food security to rural people

62. December 2001: Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojna VAMBAY

Slum houses in urban areas

63. 2003: Universal health Insurance Scheme:

Health insurance for Rural people

64. 2004: Vande mataram Scheme VMS

Initiative of public Private partnership during pregnecy check up.

65. 2004: National Food for Work programme

Supplementary wage as foodgrains for work

66. 2004: Kastoorba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya

Setting up residential schools at upper primary levels for girls belonging to predominantly OBC, SC & ST

67. 2005: Janani Suraksha Yojna

Providing care to pregnant women

68. 2005, Dec. 16 : Bharat Nirman

Development of India through irrigation, Water supply, Housing, Road, Telephone and electricity

69. 2005: National Rural Health Mission:

Accessible, affordable, accountable, quality health survices to the porest of the poor on remotest areas of the country.

70. 2005: Rajeev Gandhi Grameen Vidyuti Karan Yojna:

Extending electrification of all villages and habitations and ensuring electricity to every household.

71. 2005: Jawahar Lal Nehru national Urban Renewal Mission: (JNNURM)
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72. 2006: February 2 : National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme NREGS

100 days wage employment for development works in rural areas.

73. 2007: Rastriya Swasthya Bima Yojna :

Health insurance to all workers in unorganized area below poverty line.

74. 2007: Aam Aadmi Bima Yojna

Insurance cover to the head of the family of rural landless households in the country.

75. 2009: Rajiv Awas Yojna

To make India slum free in 5 years

Rajiv Gandhi Udyami Mitra Yojana:

Rajiv Gandhi Udyami Mitra Yojana was launched on February 7, 2008. The scheme aims to provide handholding assistance to first generation entrepreneurs through lead agencies or Udyami Mitra, who shall provide guidance to the potential entrepreneurs and help them in completion of various tasks and formalities necessary for the establishment of the enterprise. Objectives: The objective of Rajiv Gandhi Udyami Mitra Yojana (RGUMY) is to provide handholding support and assistance to the potential first generation entrepreneurs, who have already successfully completed EDP/SDP/ESDP/VT programmes, through the selected lead agencies i.e. 'Udyami Mitras', in the establishment and management of the new enterprise, in dealing with various procedural and legal hurdles and in completion of various formalities required for setting up and running of the enterprise. Udyami Mitras: Under RGUMY, financial assistance would be provided to the selected lead agencies i.e. Udyami Mitras for rendering assistance and handholding support to the potential first generation entrepreneurs. Udyami Mitras provide guidance and assistance to the potential entrepreneurs registered with them, in preparation of project report, arranging finance, selection of technology, marketing tie-ups with buyers, installation of plant and machinery as well as obtaining various approvals, clearances and NOCs etc. The Udyami Mitras are: 1. Existing national level Entrepreneurship Development Institutions (EDIs); 2. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Institutes (MSMEDIs)/ Branch MSMEDIs. 3. Central/ State Government public sector enterprises (PSEs) involved in promotion and development of MSEs e.g. National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) and State Industrial Development Corporations etc. 4. Selected State level EDIs and Entrepreneurship Development Centers (EDCs) in public or private sectors; 5. Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) 6. Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) set up for cluster development involved in entrepreneurship development; 7. Capable associations of MSEs/SSIs;

Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme:

Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF) was launched by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh at Barpeta in Assam on 19th February 2006. This programme signifies a new approach to addressing persistent regional imbalances in development. The programme has subsumed the Rashtriya Sama Vikas Yojana (RSVY), a scheme earlier being administered by the Planning Commission. This Programme covers 250 districts in 27 States, of which 232 districts fall under the purview of Part IX and Part IX-A of the Constitution dealing with the Panchayats and the Municipalities respectively. The remaining 18 districts are covered by other local government structures, such as Autonomous District and Regional Councils under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution and state specific arrangements as in the case of Nagaland and the hill areas of Manipur. Approach: The BRGF programme represents a major shift in approach from top-down plans to participative plans prepared from the grassroots level upwards. Panchayats at the Village, Intermediate and District levels and Municipalities, constituted under Parts IX and IX-A of the Constitution, are positioned as institutions for planning and implementing the programme. The conviction that drives this new locally driven approach is that grassroots level democratic institutions know best the dimensions of poverty in their areas and are, therefore, best placed to undertake individually small, but overall, significant local interventions to sustainably tackle local poverty alleviation. Proposed Budget Allocation: In 2009-10, the budget allocation for BRGF as Rs. 4670 crore has been proposed. Panchayats as base Institutions: In order to make optimal use of Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF), the Ministry of Panchayati Raj on February 2, 2010 designates Panchayats as base institutions for planning and implementation at the Village, Intermediate and District levels and the Municipalities. Exception to this is provided to States that are not covered by Part IX of the Constitution. The Panchayats at various tiers can plan and implement projects within their allocation and as per the functions assigned to them through the State laws. Under the BRGF, the participatory plans prepared by each Panchayat and Municipality will be consolidated into the district plan by the District Planning Committee. In planning and implementation of the BRGF, active participation by each Panchayat and Municipality will be there so as to ensure that all the financial resources available in the district are used optimally without delay, diversion, duplication or leakage.

Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojna:

As per resolution adopted by National Development Council, reaffirming its commitment to achieve 4% annual growth in Agriculture Sector during the XIth Plan, this scheme was launched as a State Plan scheme during 200708.

The scheme will incentivize States to provide additional resources in their State Plans over and above their baseline expenditure to bridge critical gaps. Two new sub-components, budgeted at Rs. 700 crore, to be introduced as part of RKVY have been approved for 2010-11, viz. 1. Special initiative for pulses and oilseeds development in selected pulses/oilseed growing villages in rainfed areas as supplementary programmes, specifically targeted to rainfed areas and will be implemented on same parameter, as ongoing programmes for oilseeds and pulses 2. Scheme to bridge yield gap in agriculture in Eastern India. These new sub-components will be designed by the States in consultation with Govt. of India, including Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, National Rainfed Area Authority and Planning Commission, and would form part of the approved process of RKVY.The provision of Rs. 6,722 crore is for Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) in The Union Budget 2010-11

Kaushal Vikas Yojna:

On August 15, 2007, India's Prime Minister had announced to set up 1600Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) & Polytechnics and 50,000 Skill DevelopmentCentres with active help of the private sector. Consequntly, Ministry of Labour & Employment has undertaken a project titled Kaushal Vikas Yojana to set up 1500 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) & 5000 Skill Development Centres (SDCs) in Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode in India at locations identified by the State Governments. These ITIs are proposed to be set up in unserviced blocks (blocks where no ITIs/ITCs exist) & SDCs in a cluster of about ten villages. State Governments have been requested to identify locations where free of cost land and basic infrastructure such as power, water, road, etc. are available. These ITIs are proposed to be set up in unserviced blocks (blocks where no ITIs /ITC s exist) & SDCs in a cluster of about ten villages. Objective: The objective of setting up these institutions is to provide access to vocational training facilities to youth in rural, hilly, border & difficult areas. It is expected to provide opportunities of Skill development at door step of youth. Public Private partneship: Participation of private sector is expected to increase the number of vocations; impart quality & relevant training according to requirement of different sectors of economy and seek their assistance in placement of skilled youth. Establishment of such institutes involves three partners 1. Private Training Provider playing the leading role 2. State Government providing land free of cost and basic infrastructural support 3. Central Government providing Viability Gap Funding (VGF), if needed. Depending on the locations, various options are proposed to be explored. Funding pattern may vary from place to place.

Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram:

Neonatal Deaths in India:

According to WHO stats, out of 9.2 million under-5 deaths in world, India accounts for 2.2 million which is maximum in the world. Two-third of the neo-natal deaths occurred in the first week of life, two-third of those took place within the first 24 hours due to non-availability of delivery institutions in villages and smaller towns.

Causes

Causes of neonatal deaths include infection, complications related to premature birth, pneumonia, diarrhoea and measles apart from hypothermia and infection, and basic newborn resuscitation.

Focus on New Born Care in National Rural Health Mission:

To reduce the neonatal mortality which constitutes 45% of under-5 mortality, the following initiatives have been taken under the NRHM framework: (i) Navjat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram a new programme in Basic new-born care and resuscitation (23% of neonatal death occurs due to asphyxia at birth). (ii) Creation of new-born care units at district level hospitals, stabilization units at CHC level and new born corners at PHC level to provide specialized care. (iii) Skill development of ASHAs and skilled birth attendants to ensure home-based new born and child care.

The above three prong strategy is expected to make a significant reduction in infant mortality. Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram

Navjat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram is a new programme in Basic new-born care and resuscitation (23% of neonatal death occurs due to asphyxia at birth). A two-day training module for care providers at health facilities has been developed and training programme to train master trainers at State and district levels has been rolled out with the support of Indian Academy of Paediatrics and Neonatal Forum of India. Training for all care providers shall be completed by June 2010.

The NSSK will train healthcare providers at the district hospitals, community health centres and primary health centres in the interventions at birth with the application of the latest available scientific methods aimed at significantly reducing the infant mortality ratio. The Health and Family Welfare Ministry will organise district level trainers training programme for 10 States and master trainers training programmes in other States and Union Territories. The States will be expected to roll out training for medical officers, nurses and auxiliary nurse midwives on their own.

This program was launched in September 2009 by Union Health Minister Gulam Nabi Azad. The aim of the program is to reduce the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) from 55 to 30 by the year 2012. IMR in India was 60 in 2003 & 55 in 2007. The new programme will enable the paramedical staff to save new born child and mother at various health centres across the country.

Pradhanmantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY):

The Government of India has launched a new scheme called Pradhanmantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY) for the integrated development of scheduled castes dominated villages in the country. The Finance Minister while presenting the Budget 2009-10 in the Lok Sabha said that there are about 44,000 villages in which the population of scheduled castes is above 50 per cent. Shri Mukherjee said that the new scheme PMAGY will be launched this year on a pilot basis in 1000 such villages. An amount of Rs.100 crore has been allocated for this Scheme. Under this Scheme, each village would be able to avail gap funding of Rs.10 lakh over and above the allocations under Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation Schemes. On successful implementation of the pilot phase, the PMAGY would be extended in coming years.

Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY):

PMGY was launched in 2000-2001 in all States and Union Territories (UTs) in order to achieve the objective of sustainable human development at the village level. The PMGY envisages allocation of Additional Central Assistance (ACA) to the States and UTs for selected basic minimum services in order to focus on certain priority areas. PMGY initially had five components viz., primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and nutrition. Rural electrification was added as an additional component from 2001-02. For 2002-03 as well as 2003-04, the allocation of ACA for PMGY was Rs.2,800 crore. Both financial and physical monitoring of the programme is being carried out by the Planning Commission.

Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY):

1. This Scheme was launched after a review and restructuring of the erstwhile Integrated
Rural Development Program(IRDP) and allied schemes like Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM), Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA), Million Wells Scheme (MWS), Supply of Improved Toolkits to Rural Artisans (SITRA) & Ganga Kalyan Yojna.

2. SGSY was launched on April 1, 1999 and is the only self employment Programme currently being
implemented. 3. The objective of the SGSY is to bring the assisted Swarozgaris above the poverty line by providing them incomegenerating assets through bank credit and Government subsidy. 4. The Scheme is being implemented on a 75:25 cost sharing of between the Centre and the States. 5. Since its inception, and up to April 2004, a total allocation of Rs. 6,734 crore was made available by the Centre and States. Rs. 4,980 crore, have been utilized up to April 2004, benefiting 45.67 lakh Swarozgaris.

6. In the Union Budget 2009-10, Allocations of Rs. 2350 Crore was made for establishing micro-enterprises
in rural areas through activity clusters and group approach under Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana. At least 50% of the Swarozgaries will be SCs/STs, 40% women and 3% disabled.

7. In The Union Budget 2010-11 Rs. 2984 Crore have been provided in outlays including Rs. 301 crore for
NE region. Objectives:

1. Focussed Approach to poverty Alleviation by setting up a large number of Micro enterprises in

rural areas of our country. 2. Capitalising group lending 3. Overcoming the problem of running multiple programmes overlapping each other. 4. A holistic programme of micro enterprises covering all aspects of self employment which includes organising rural poor into Self help groups.

5. Integration of various agencies like District Rural Development Agencies, Banks, Line Departments.,
Panchayati Raj Instituions, NGOs etc. 6. Bring the assistated poor family above BPL by providing them a mix of income generating assets like bank credit + Government subsidy. National Livelihood Mission: India's Ministry of Rural Development is proposing to re-design the Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) into National Livelihood Mission (NRLM).

Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY):

The SGRY was launched in September 2001, by merging the ongoing Schemes of Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY) and Employment Assurance Scheme (EAS). The objective of the programme is to provide additional wage employment in the rural areas as also food security,

along with the creation of durable community, social and economic infrastructure in rural areas. The SGRY is open to all rural poor who are in need of wage employment and desire to do manual and unskilled work in and around the village/habitat. The Scheme is implemented through Panchyati Raj Institutions. The scheme envisages generation of 100 crore man-days of employment in a year. The cost of each component of the programme is shared by the Centre and States in the ratio of 75:25. During the year 2003-04 an amount of Rs. 4,121 crore as cash component and 49.97 lakh tones of food grain were released to the States/UTs and 76.45 crore man-days (Provisional) have been generated as reported by the States/UTs. Under the Special Component of the SGRY, 65.84 lakh tonnes of foodgrain have been released to 12 calamity affected States during 2003-04. This scheme has been merged with NREGS since February 2006 so only most important points are given below: 1. The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) was launched on 25 September, 2001 by merging the on-going schemes of EAS (EmploymentAssurance Scheme) and the JGSY (Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojna) 2. Objective was to providing additional wage employment and food security, alongside creation of durable community assets in rural areas. 3. The annual outlay was Rs.10, 000 crore which included 50 lakh tones on food grains. 4. The cash component shared between the Centre and the States in the ratio of 75:25. 5. Food grains were provided free of cost to the States/UTs. 6. Minimum wages paid to the workers through a mix of minimum five kg of food grains and at least 25 per cent of wages in cash. 7. Implemented by all the three tiers of Panchayati Raj Institutions. Each level of Panchayat was an independent unit for formulation of Action. 8. Resources distributed among District Panchayats, Intermediate Panchayats and the Gram Panchayats in the ratio of 20:30:50.

9. Contractors not permitted to be engaged for execution of any of the worksand no middlemen/intermediate
agencies can be engaged for executing works under the scheme.

Rural Housing Schemes:

1. Rural housing schemes such as Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) aim at providing dwelling units, free of cost, to
the poor families of the Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), freed bonded laborers and also the non- SC/ST persons Below Poverty Line (BPL) in the rural areas. 2. The Scheme is funded on a cost-sharing basis of 75:25 between the Center and States. 3. Till the end of 2003-04, the ceiling on construction assistance under IAY was Rs. 20,000/- in plain areas and Rs. 22,000/- in hilly areas, which has been increased to Rs. 25,000/- per unit for plain areas and Rs. 27,500/- for hilly areas from April 1, 2004. Twenty per cent of the allocation is allowed for upgradation of unserviceable Kutcha houses for which ceiling of Rs. 12,500 per unit applies since April 2004.

4. Credit-cum-Subsidy Scheme for rural housing targeting rural families having annual income up to Rs.32,
000 was launched on April 4, 1999. An amount of Rs. 10 crore as equity support was provided to Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO) during 2003-04 by Ministry of Rural Development.

5. In addition, the innovative scheme of Rural Housing and Habitat Development and Rural Building Centres
(RBCs) was introduced to encourage innovative, cost effective and environment friendly solutions in building/housing sectors in rural areas.

6. A National Mission for Rural Housing and Habitat has also been set up to address the critical issues of
housing gap and induction of science and technology inputs into the housing/construction sector in rural areas. 7. Since inception (up to June 1, 2004) 113.96 lakh houses have been constructed/upgraded by incurring an expenditure of Rs. 19,869 crore. During 2003-04, against the target of 14.84 lakh, 12.54 lakh (provisional) houses have been constructed/upgraded.

Rajiv Awas Yojana:

Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) is a new scheme announced by the Presidentearlier in 2009, focuses on slum dwellers and the urban poor. This scheme aims at promoting a slum-free India in five years and would focus on according property rights to slum dwellers. The scheme will focus on according property rights to slum dwellers and the urban poor by the states and union territories. It would provide basic amenities such as water supply, sewerage, drainage, internal and approach roads, street lighting and social infrastructure facilities in slums and low income settlements adopting a 'whole city' approach. It would also provide subsidized credit. Allocation for housing and provision of basic amenities to urban poor enhanced to Rs.3,973 crore in the Union Budget 2009-10. This includes provision of Rs. 150 Crore for Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY). As per the UPA government's proposal for this scheme , the schemes for affordable housing through partnership and the scheme for interest subsidy for urban housing would be dovetailed into the Rajiv Awas Yojana which would extend support under JNNURM to States that are willing to assign property rights to people living in slum areas. The Government's effort would be to create a slum free India through the Rajiv Awas Yojana. The Concept Note on RAY was finalized and sent to Planning Commission for their in principle approval. The Planning Commission has accorded its in principle approval for the proposed scheme recently. The draft guidelines of the scheme has been prepared and circulated to all States/UTs/Central Ministries and experts/NGOs for comments.

Developing a robust database on slums is critical for implementation of the proposed Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY). The Ministry of HUPA has released funds for Slum/Household/Livelihoods surveys in 394 class I cities having more than one lakh population in the country. The surveys are in progress. Funds will also be released for other towns/cities in a phased manner. An eenabled MIS is being developed for processing of data and building a national database. The VAMBAY was launched in December 2001 to ameliorate the conditions of the urban slum dwellers living below the poverty line without adequate shelter. The scheme has the primary objective of facilitating the construction and up-gradation of dwelling units for slum dwellers and providing a healthy and enabling urban environment through community toilets under Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan, a component of the scheme. The Central Government provides a subsidy of 50 per cent, the balance 50 per cent being arranged by the State Government. There are prescribed ceilings on costs both for dwelling units and community toilets. During 2003-04, Central subsidy to the extent of Rs. 239 crore has been released. Since inception up to May 2004, Rs. 522 crore have been released as Government of India subsidy for the construction/upgradation of 2,46,035 dwelling units and 29,263 toilet seats under the scheme. Jawahar Rozgar Yojna was launched on April 1, 1989 by mergingNational Rural Employment Program (NREP) and Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP). At the end of Seventh Five Year Plan

Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana (VAMBAY):

Jawahar Rozgar Yojna:

So this was a consolidation of the previous employment programs and it was largest National Employment Program of India at that time with a general objective of providing 90-100 Days Employment per person particularly in backward districts. People below Poverty Line were main targets. The Yojna was implemented on rural scale. Every village was to be covered through Panchayati Raj Institutions. The village got aide and support from District Rural Development Authority. Expenditures were born by central & state in 80:20 ratios. Since 1993-94 the Yojna was made more targets oriented and expanded substantially through increased budgetary allocations. It was divided into 3 streams: First Stream: Comprising general works under JRY and also two sub schemes Indira Awas Yojna and Million Wells Scheme. This stream got 75% of the total allocation. In Indira Awas Yojna the allocation was increased from 6% to 10 % and in Million Wells Scheme from 20% to 30 % during that period. Second Stream: This was also called intensified JRY and was implemented in selected 120 backward districts. It got 20% allocation. Third Stream: This was left with 5 % allocation for Innovative programs which included Prevention of labor migration, drought proofing watershed etc. programs. Since April 1, 1999 this Yojna was replaced by Jawahar Gram samridhi Yojna. Later from September 25, 2001, Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojna was merged with Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojna

National Livelihood Mission (NLM):

India's Ministry of Rural Development is proposing to re-design the Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) into National Livelihood Mission (NRLM). Here are the proposed main features of the NRLM: To bring each BPL household under Self Help Group (SHG) net, To set up dedicated implementation structure at various levels, To enhance capital subsidy for the beneficiaries, To ensure easy access for multiple doses of credit, To form and strengthen people owned organization such as Self Help Groups (SHG) Federation at various level, To upscale the skill development and placement programs, Rural Self Employment Training Institute (RSETIs) in each district of the country.

It is also proposed to induct dedicated professionals at various levels for implementation of the program. Special emphasis will be given to technology inputs. Under the scheme, it is provided that Schedule Caste (SC) and Schedule Tribes (STs) will account for at least 50% of Swarojgaries, women 40%, minorities 15% and disabled 3%. Under the existing guidelines of SGSY, 15% of allocation is set apart for taking up special projects which are of pioneering nature for bringing a specified large number of rural below poverty line (BPL) beneficiaries above poverty line in a time bound manner. The objective of the Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) is to bring the assisted poor families (Swarozgaries) above the Poverty Line by ensuring appreciable sustained level of income over a period of time. This objective is to be achieved by inter alia organising the rural poor into Self Help Groups (SHGs) through the process of social mobilization, their training and capacity building and provision of income generating assets. The SHG approach helps the poor to build their self-confidence through community action.

Saakshar Bharat Mission:

Saakshar Bharat Mission was launched in September 2009 by Prime Minster Man Mohan Singh for Female Literacy on International Literacy Day (September 8, 2009) in New Delhi. This is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, under the aegis of Department Of School Education & Literacy, Ministry Of Human Resource Development, Government of India. Objectives:

1. To further promote and strengthen Adult Education, specially of women,by extending educational options
to those adults who having lost the opportunity of access to formal education and crossed the standard age for receiving such education, now feel a need for learning of any type, including, literacy, basic education (equivalency to formal education), vocational education (skill development), physical and emotional development,practical arts, applied science, sports, and recreation. 2. To impart functional literacy to non-literates in the age group of 15-35 years in a time bound manner, the National Literacy Mission (NLM) was launched in 1988 and it continued through Ninth and Tenth Five Year Plans. By the end of the Tenth Five Year Plan (March 2007), NLM had covered 597 districts under Total Literacy Campaign (TLC), 485 districts under Post Literacy Programme (PLP) and 328 districts under Continuing Education Programme (CEP). As a cumulative outcome of these efforts, 127.45 million persons became literate, of which, 60% learners were females, while 23% learners belonged to Scheduled Castes (SCs) and 12% to Scheduled Tribes (STs). Illiteracy in India 1. Despite significant accomplishments of the National Literacy Mission, illiteracy continues to be an area of national concern. 2001 census had revealed that there were still 259.52 million illiterate adults (in the age group of 15 +) in the country. 2. While further accretion into the pool of adult illiterate persons is expectedto recede significantly on account of enhanced investments in elementaryeducation and a reverse demographic trend, addition to this pool cannot be ruledout altogether on account of relatively high school drop out ratio. 3. Wide gender,social and regional disparities in literacy also continue to persist. 4. Adult educationis therefore indispensable as it supplements the efforts to enhance and sustainliteracy levels through formal education. 5. It was, therefore, considered necessary to continue the NLM during the XI Planperiod. While acknowledging, in principle, the need for continuing andstrengthening further the efforts to promote Adult Education, the PlanningCommission agreed to the continuance of NLM during the XIth Plan provided itwas appraised de novo and modified suitably to meet the contemporarychallenges. 6. The programme was accordingly subjected to extensive in-house andexternal review and evaluation. 7. This in-depth appraisal had revealed certain inadequacies in the design,architecture and mode of implementation of the programme, most conspicuousbeing, non-viability of a single pan Indian solution, limitations of voluntaryapproach, limited involvement of the State Governments in the programme, lackof convergence, weak management and supervisory structures, lack of communityparticipation, poor monitoring and inadequate funding. 8. Saakshar Bharat will come into operation from 1-10-2009. Though duration of thescheme, National Literacy Mission, was valid only till the end of the Tenth FiveYear Plan, residual activities under the Mission were allowed to continue till30-09-2009, as a special dispensation, so that the ongoing activities could becompleted during the extended period. With the launch of Saakshar Bharat, theNational Literacy Mission and its entire programmes and activities standconcluded on 30.09.2009.

9.
10.

National Social Assistance Programme:

1. The National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) which came into effect from 15th August,
1995, is a 100 % Centrally Sponsored Programme. 2. NSAP is a social assistance programme for poor households and represents a significant step towards the fulfillment of the Directive Principles in Articles 41 and 42 of the Constitution recognizing the concurrent responsibility of the Central and State governments in the matter.

3. It has three components namely, National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS), National Family
4. Benefit Scheme (NFBS) and National Maternity Benefit Scheme (NMBS). The NMBS has since been transferred to the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare w.e.f. 1-4-2001. The NSAP aims at providing social security in case of old age, death of primary breadwinner andmaternity. The main objectives and features of the two schemes, NOAPS and NFBS are given below: The Programme aims at ensuring a minimum national standard of social assistance in addition to the benefit that States are already providing. The Central assistance is not to displace expenditure by States on social protection schemes. However, the States/UTs are free to expand their own coverage of social assistance whenever they wish to do so.

5. 6. 7.

Annapurna Scheme:
1. The Annapurna Scheme has been launched with effect from 1st April, 2000.

2. It aims at providing food security to meet the requirement of those senior citizens who,
though eligible, have remained uncovered under the National Old Age PensionScheme(NOAPS).

3. The Scheme is targeted to cover, 20% (13.762 Lakh) of persons eligible to receive pension
under NOAPS.The Central assistance under the Annapurna Scheme is, thus, provided tothe beneficiaries on fulfilling the following criteria : 1. The age of the applicant ( male or female) should be 65 years or above. 2. The applicant must be a destitute in the sense of having little or no regular means of substance from his/her own source of income or through financial support from family members or other sources. In order to determine destitution , the criteria, if any, in force in the States/UTs may also be followed. 3. The applicant should not be in receipt of pension under the NOAPSor State Pension Scheme. 4. The beneficiaries are given 10 Kg. of foodgrains per month free of cost. Funds are currently released to the State Departments of Food & Civil Supplies (F&CS) in one instalment . This Department then ties up with the Food Corporation of India (FCI), to release foodgrains districtwise on payment of the cost of Foodgrains at CIP rates directly to the FCI offices. Initially the foodgrains were supplied at economic cost ( Rs.9.80 per Kg.). However, w.e.f. 1.11.2000, foodgrains are supplied at the CIP rates for BPL families( Rs.4.90 per Kg.) The beneficiaries under the scheme are selected in the Gram Sabhas and the Gram Panchayat distribute the entitlement cards to the beneficiaries.

The Council for Advancement of Peoples Action and Rural Technology (CAPART):
4. The Council for Advancement of Peoples Action and RuralTechnology (CAPART) was set
up as a pioneer organisation in September, 1986, as a supporting and funding agency for the Voluntary Organisations (VOs) by merging two organisations, namely, Peoples Action for Development (India) and Council for Advancement of Rural Technology (CART) with the mandate to promote voluntary action and propagate appropriate rural technologies for the benefit of the rural masses. Since then, CAPART has been contributing towards the rural development and poverty alleviation through the work of VOs at the grassroots level and by supplementing Governments efforts. The Minister for Rural Development, Government of India, is the President of the Council and also the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Council. The General Body comprises, not exceeding, 100 members representing voluntary agencies, Central and States Government, institutions engaged in activities connected with rural development, rural technology and individuals possessing experience/expertise relevant to the furtherance of the aforesaid objectives of CAPART. They are nominated by the President of the Council.The Executive Committee of CAPART comprises a maximum of 25 members nominated by the President of CAPART from amongst the members of the General Body. There is also a Standing Committee on Finance and Appointments which is chaired by the Director.

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA):

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is Government of India's flagship programme for achievement of Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) in a time bound manner, as mandated by 86th amendment to the Constitution of India making free and compulsory Education to the Children of 6-14 years age group, a Fundamental Right. SSA is being implemented in partnership with State Governments to cover the entire country and address the needs of 192 million children in 1.1 million habitations. The programme seeks to open new schools in those habitations which do not have schooling facilities and strengthen existing school infrastructure through provision of additional class rooms, toilets, drinking water, maintenance grant and school improvement grants. Existing schools with inadequate teacher strength are provided with additional teachers, while the capacity of existing teachers is being strengthened by extensive training, grants for developing teaching-learning materials and strengthening of the academic support structure at a cluster, block and district level. SSA seeks to provide quality elementary education including life skills. SSA has a special focus on girl's education and children with special needs. SSA also seeks to provide computer education to bridge the digital divide.

Mid-day Meal Scheme:

The Mid-day Meal Scheme involves provision of lunch free of cost to schoolchildren on all working days. Key Objectives: The key objectives of the programme are:

Protecting children from classroom hunger Increasing school enrolment and attendance Improved socialisation among children belonging to all castes Addressing malnutrition, and social empowerment through provision of employment to women. The scheme has a long history especially in Tamil Nadu and Gujarat, and has been expanded to all parts of India after alandmark direction by the Supreme Court of India on November 28, 2001.

5. The success of this scheme is illustrated by the tremendous increase in the school participation and completion rates in the state of Tamilnadu. 6. Allocation for this programme has been enhanced from Rs 3010 crore to Rs 4813 crore (Rs 48 billion, $1.2 billion) in 2006-2007. 7. This program is being run by Akshaya Patra Foundation and is the worlds largest school meal programme being implemented across seven states in India and covering about ten lakh students in over 4,800 schools. The allocation was of Rs 8000 crore for the Mid-Day meal schemes in the interim budget 2009. 8. This is world's largest school feeding programme. 9. The revised nutritional Norms are as under : At Primary Level (up to 5th Standard) 8. Energy 450 K. Cal 9. Proteins 12 gms. 10. adequate micronutrients like Iron, Vitamin A , Folic Acid etc. At Secondary Level (6th -8th Standard) 11. Energy 700 cal 12. proteins 20 gms 13. adequate micronutrients like Iron, Vitamin A , Folic Acid etc. Update : November 25, 2009 (Revision of Mid-day Meal Scheme) 1. The Government has revised the food norm for upper primary children by increasing the quantity of pulses from 25 to 30 grams, vegetables from 65 to 75 grams and by decreasing the quantity of oil and fats from 10 to 7.5 grams. 2. It has also revised the cooking cost (excluding the labour and administrative charges) to Rs. 2.50 for primary and Rs. 3.75 for upper primary children. A separate component for payment of honorarium of Rs.1000 per month to cook-cum-helper and a norm for engaging cook-cum-helper have been introduced. 3. The cost of construction of kitchen-cum-store will be determined on the basis of State Schedule of Rates and the plinth area norm laid down by the Department of School Education & Literacy. 4. The expenditure towards the cooking cost, the cost of construction of kitchen-cum-store and the honorarium of cook-cum-helper will be shared between the centre and the north Eastern (NE) States on 90:10 basis and with other States/UTs on 75:25 basis. 5. Transportation assistance in the 11 Special Category States (viz. Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Uttarakhand and Tripura) has been made at par with the Public Distribution System (PDS) rates prevalent in these States. 6. As a result of this, the share of Central Government will increase by Rs.10140.33 crore for balance period of the 11th Plan. 7. The Mid Day Meal Scheme Guidelines stipulate that under no circumstance the teachers will be assigned responsibilities, which impede or interfere with teaching learning process in schools. 8. Their involvement in the programme is limited to ensure that good quality, wholesome food is served to children and actual serving and eating is undertaken in a spirit of togetherness, under hygienic conditions and in an orderly manner in about 30-40 minutes. You might also like:

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Human Development Report 2010

The 2010 HD Report by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), titled The Real Wealth of Nations: Pathways to Human Development celebrates the contributions of the human development approach, which is as relevant as ever to making sense of our changing world and finding ways to improve peoples well-being. The Report is also about how the human development approach can adjust to meet the challenges of the new millennium. India is ranked 119 out of 169 countries on the Human Development Index (HDI) of the UNDPs 2010 Human Development Report. This marks an improvement of just one rank between 2005 and 2010 though the report, a special 20th anniversary edition, places India among top 10 performers globally in terms of HDI measured on income growth. The category is led by China. India comes 10th after Botswana, South Korea, Hong Kong, Malaysia and Mauritius. China has improved eight notches (from 2005 to 2010) to secure the 89th position. In South Asia, Nepal has gained five places to reach the 138th rank. Maldives has risen four places to 107; Sri Lanka at 91 too has pipped India in the rankings though Pakistan has lost two ranks to fall to 125, while Bangladesh is up one at 129. Though high on GDP growth, India reports severe inequalities (the report for the first time measures inequalities, gender gaps and multidimensional poverty as markers of human development) while several low-income nations have posted huge profits by investing in education and health. Nepal is the only South Asian country, which despite low income, stands as the third best performer in the top 10 movers the report highlights. While the Congress-led UPA Government can take heart from the fact that Indias HDI value has increased from 0.320 in 1980 to 0.519 in 2010, higher than South Asias average of 0.516, India still lags behind among medium HD nations. South Asia, particularly India, post shocking percentage losses in HDI values if inequalities are counted. South Asia loses 33 per cent of its HDI value if health, education and income disparities are factored in. This is the second largest loss after sub-Saharan Africas. India fares particularly poorly here, losing 30 per cent overall on the inequality-adjusted HDI. This loss includes 31.3 per cent loss on inequality-adjusted life expectancy index; 40.6 per cent loss on education but only 14.6 per cent loss in income-adjusted HDI index. The best HDI ranker in the world, Norway, loses just 6.6 per cent to inequality while China loses 23 per cent and Bangladesh 29.4 per cent. On all major markers of human development, Indias neighbours Bangladesh and Pakistan beat it. Indias life expectancy at birth is among the lowest, 64.4 years as against Chinas 73.5; Bangladeshs 66.9, Pakistans 67.2 and Nepals 67.5. In mean years of schooling too, India lags behind recording 4.4 years while China has 7.5; Pakistan 4.9 and Bangladesh 4.8. On female labour force participation too, Bangladesh with 61 per cent is much ahead of India, which has just 31 per cent. The 2010 report uses several new methodologies; hence its indicators are not comparable to those in the earlier reports. Human development is about sustaining positive outcomes steadily over time and combating processes that impoverish people or underpin oppression and structural injustice. Plural principles such as equity, sustainability and respect for human rights are the key. Human development is also the expansion of peoples freedoms to live long, healthy and creative lives; to advance other goals they have reason to value; and to engage actively in shaping development equitably and sustainably on a shared planet. People are both the beneficiaries and the drivers of human development, as individuals and in groups. This reaffirmation underlines the core of human developmentits themes of sustainability, equity and empowerment and its inherent flexibility. Because gains might be fragile and vulnerable to reversal and because

future generations must be treated justly, special efforts are needed to ensure that human development endures that it is sustainable. A major contribution of 2010 HDR is the systematic assessment of trends in key components of human development over the past 40 years. This retrospective assessment, an important objective for the 20th anniversary, is the most comprehensive analysis of the HDR to date and yields important new insights. In some basic respects the world is a much better place today than it was in 1990or in 1970. Over the past 20 years many people around the world have experienced dramatic improvements in key aspects of their lives. Overall, they are healthier, more educated and wealthier and have more power to appoint and hold their leaders accountable than ever before. The worlds average HDI has increased 18 percent since 1990 (and 41 percent since 1970), reflecting large aggregate improvements in life expectancy, school enrolment, literacy and income. But there has also been considerable variability in experience and much volatility, themes to which we return below. Almost all countries have benefited from this progress. Of 135 countries in our sample for 19702010, with 92 percent of the worlds people, only 3the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia and Zimbabwehave a lower HDI today than in 1970. Overall, poor countries are catching up with rich countries in the HDI. This convergence paints a far more optimistic picture than a perspective limited to trends in income, where divergence has continued. But not all countries have seen rapid progress, and the variations are striking. Those experiencing the slowest progress are countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, struck by the HIV epidemic, and countries in the former Soviet Union, suffering increased adult mortality. The top HDI movers (countries that have made the greatest progress in improving the HDI) include well known income growth miracles such as China, Indonesia and South Korea. But they include otherssuch as Nepal, Oman and Tunisiawhere progress in the non-income dimensions of human development has been equally remarkable. It is striking that the top 10 list contains several countries not typically described as top performers. And Ethiopia comes in 11th, with three other Sub-Saharan African countries (Botswana, Beninand Burkina Faso) in the top 25. Not all countries have progressed rapidly, and the variation is striking. Over the past 40 years a quarter of developing countries saw their HDI increase less than 20 percent, another quarter, more than 65 percent. These differences partly reflect different starting pointsless developed countries have on average faster progress in health and education than more developed ones do. But half the variation in HDI performance is unexplained by initial HDI, and countries with similar starting points experience remarkably different evolutions, suggesting that country factors such as policies, institutions and geography are important. Health advances have been large but are slowing. The slowdown in aggregate progress is due largely to dramatic reversals in 19 countries. In nine of themsix in Sub-Saharan Africa and three in the former Soviet Unionlife expectancy has fallen below 1970 levels. The causes of these declines are the HIV epidemic and increased adult mortality in transition countries. Progress in education has been substantial and widespread, reflecting not only improvements in the quantity of schooling but also in the equity of access to education for girls and boys. To a large extent this progress reflects greater State involvement, which is often characterized more by getting children into school than by imparting a high-quality education. Progress in income varies much more. However, despite aggregate progress, there is no convergence in income in contrast to health and educationbecause on average rich countries have grown faster than poor ones over the past 40 years. The divide between developed and developing countries persists: a small subset of countries has remained at the top of the world income distribution, and only a handful of countries that started out poor have joined that high-income group. Understanding the Patterns and Drivers of Human Development One of the most surprising results of human development research in recent years is the lack of a significant correlation between economic growth and improvements in health and education. Research shows that this relationship is particularly weak at low and medium levels of the HDI. This is traceable to changes in how people become healthier and more educated. The correlation in levels today, which contrasts with the absence of correlation in changes over time, is a snapshot that reflects historical patterns, as countries that became rich were the only ones able to pay for costly advances in health and education. But technological improvements and changes in societal structures allow even poorer countries today to realize significant gains. The unprecedented flows of ideas across countries in recent timesranging from health-saving technologies to political ideals and to productive practiceshave been transformative. Many innovations have allowed countries to improve health and education at very low costwhich explains why the association between the income and nonincome dimensions of human development has weakened over time. Income and growth remain vital. Income growth can indicate that opportunities for decent work are expanding though this is not always soand economic contractions and associated job losses are bad news for people around the world. Income is also the source of the taxes and other revenues that governments need in order to provide services and undertake redistributive programs. Thus, increasing income on a broad basis remains an important policy priority. One important aspect is how relationships between markets and States are organized. Governments have addressed, in a range of ways, the tension between the need for markets to generate income and dynamism and

the need to deal withmarket failures. Markets may be necessary for sustained economic dynamism, but they do not automatically bring progress in other dimensions of human development. Development that overly favours rapid economic growth is rarely sustainable. In other words, a market economy is necessary, but not enough. Regulation, however, requires a capable State as well as political commitment, and State capability is often in short supply. Some developing country governments have tried to mimic the actions of a modern developed State without having the resources or the capacity to do so. For example, import substitution regimes in many Latin American countries floundered when countries tried to develop a targeted industrial policy. In contrast, an important lesson of the East Asian successes was that a capable, focused State can help drive development and the growth of markets. What is possible and appropriate is context specific. Beyond the State, civil society actors have demonstrated the potential to curb the excesses of both the market and the State, though governments seeking to control dissent can restrict civil society activity. The dynamics can be virtuous when countries transition to both inclusive market institutions and inclusive political institutions. But this is difficult and rare. Oligarchic capitalism tends to spell its own demise, either because it stifles the productive engines of innovationas in the failed import substitution regimes of Latin America and the Caribbeanor because material progress increases peoples aspirations and challenges the narrow elites grip on power, as in Brazil, Indonesia and South Korea since the 1990s. Human development is not only about health, education and income. Even when countries progress in the HDI, they do not necessarily excel in the broader dimensions. It is possible to have a high HDI and be unsustainable, undemocratic and unequal just as it is possible to have a low HDI and be relatively sustainable, democratic and equal. These patterns pose important challenges for how we think about human development, its measurement and the policies to improve outcomes and processes over time. Trends conducive to empowerment include the vast increases in literacy and educational attainment in many parts of the world that have strengthened peoples ability to make informed choices and hold governments accountable. The scope for empowerment and its expression have broadened, through both technology and institutions. In particular, the proliferation of mobile telephony and satellite television and increased access to the Internet has vastly increased the availability of information and the ability to voice opinions. The share of formal democracies has increased from less than a third of countries in 1970 to half in the mid-1990s and to three-fifths in 2008. Many hybrid forms of political organization have emerged. While real change and healthy political functioning have varied, and many formal democracies are flawed and fragile, policy-making is much better informed by the views and concerns of citizens. Local democratic processes are deepening. Political struggles have led to substantial change in many countries, greatly expanding the representation of traditionally marginalized people, including women, the poor, indigenous groups, refugees and sexual minorities. Recent years have also exposed the fragility of some of the achievementperhaps best illustrated by the biggest financial crisis in several decades, which caused 34 million people to lose their jobs and 64 million more people to fall below the $1.25 a day income poverty threshold. The risk of a double-dip recession remains, and a full recovery could take years. But perhaps the greatest challenge to maintaining progress in human development comes from the unsustainability of production and consumption patterns. For human development to become truly sustainable, the close link between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions needs to be severed. Some developed countries have begun to alleviate the worst effects through recycling and investment in public transport and infrastructure. But most developing countries are hampered by the high costs and low availability of clean energy. New measures for an evolving reality Over the years the HDR has introduced new measures to evaluate progress in reducing poverty and empowering women. But lack of reliable data has been a major constraint. This year HDR has introduced three new indices to capture important aspects of the distribution of well-being for inequality, gender equity and poverty. They reflect advances in methods and better data availability. Adjusting the Human Development Index for inequality. Reflecting inequality in each dimension of the HDI addresses an objective first stated in the 1990 HDR. 2010 report introduces the Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI), a measure of the level of human development of people in a society that accounts for inequality. Under perfect equality the HDI and the IHDI are equal. When there is inequality in the distribution of health, education and income, the HDI of an average person in a society is less than the aggregate HDI; the lower the IHDI (and the greater the difference between it and the HDI), the greater the inequality. A new measure of gender inequality. The disadvantages facing women and girls are a major source of inequality. All too often, women and girls are discriminated against in health, education and the labour market with negative repercussions for their freedoms. A new measure of these inequalities, built on the same framework as the HDI and the IHDIto better expose differences in the distribution of achievements between women and menhas been introduced. The Gender Inequality Index shows that gender inequality varies tremendously across countriesthe losses in achievement due to gender inequality (not directly comparable to total inequality losses because different variables are used) range from 17 percent to 85 percent. The Netherlands tops the list of the most gender-equal countries, followed by Denmark, Sweden and Switzerland. Countries with unequal distribution of human development also experience high inequality between women and men, and countries with high gender inequality also experience unequal distribution of human development. Among the countries doing very badly on both fronts are Central African Republic, Haiti and Mozambique. A multidimensional measure of poverty. Like development, poverty is multidimensionalbut this is traditionally ignored by headline figures. 2010 report introduces the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which

complements money-based measures by considering multiple deprivations and their overlap. The index identifies deprivations across the same three dimensions as the HDI and shows the number of people who are poor (suffering a given number of deprivations) and the number of deprivations with which poor households typically contend. It can be de-constructed by region, ethnicity and other groupings as well as by dimension, making it an apt tool for policy-makers. About 1.75 billion people in the 104 countries covered by the MPIa third of their populationlive in multidimensional povertythat is, with at least 30 percent of the indicators reflecting acute deprivation in health, education and standard of living. This exceeds the estimated 1.44 billion people in those countries who live on $1.25 a day or less (though it is below the share who live on $2 or less). The patterns of deprivation also differ from those of income poverty in important ways: in many countriesincluding Ethiopia and Guatemala the number of people who are multi-dimensionally poor is higher. However, in about a fourth of the countries for which both estimates are availableincluding China, Tanzania and Uzbekistanrates of income poverty are higher. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest incidence of multi-dimensional poverty. The level ranges from a low of 3 percent in South Africa to a massive 93 percent in Niger; the average share of deprivations ranges from about 45 percent (in Gabon, Lesotho and Swaziland) to 69 percent (in Niger). Yet half the worlds multi-dimensionally poor live in South Asia (844 million people), and more than a quarter live in Africa (458 million). The impacts of the HDR have illustrated that policy thinking can be informed and stimulated by deeper exploration into key dimensions of human development. An important element of this tradition is a rich agenda of research and analysis. This Report suggests ways to move this agenda forward through better data and trend analysis. But much is left to do. Three priorities are: improving data and analysis to inform debates, providing an alternative to conventional approaches to studying development, and increasing our understanding of inequality, empowerment, vulnerability and sustainability. The economics of growth and its relationship with development, in particular, require radical rethinking. A vast theoretical and empirical literature almost uniformly equates economic growth with development. Its models typically assume that people care only about consumption; its empirical applications concentrate almost exclusively on the effect of policies and institutions on economic growth. The central contention of the human development approach, by contrast, is that well-being is about much more than money: it is about the possibilities that people have to fulfil the life plans they have reason to choose and pursue. Thus, our call for a new economicsan economics of human developmentin which the objective is to further human well-being and in which growth and other policies are evaluated and pursued vigorously insofar as they advance human development in the short and long term. Indigenous Peoples and Inequality in Human Development An estimated 300 million indigenous peoples from more than 5,000 groups live in more than 70 countries. Some two-thirds reside in China.1 Indigenous peoples often face structural disadvantages and have worse human development outcomes in key respects. For example, recent Mexican government analyses show that while extreme multidimensional poverty is 10.5 percent nationally, it exceeds 39 percent among indigenous Mexicans. When the Human Development Index (HDI) is calculated for aboriginal and non-aboriginal people in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States, there is a consistent gap of 618 percent. Indigenous peoples in these countries have lower life expectancy, poorer education outcomes and smaller incomes. In India 92 percent of people of Scheduled Tribes live in rural areas, 47 percent of them in poverty. In Chhattisgarh, with a sizeable share of Scheduled Tribes, the State-wide literacy rate is 64 percentbut that of tribal peoples is only 22 percent. Some evidence suggests that a schooling gap between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples remains. In China, India and Lao PDR geography, climate and discrimination based on ethnicity make it difficult to deliver basic infrastructure to remote areas, where many indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities live. Work in Latin America and the Caribbean exploring access to land and this aspect of discrimination shows that a focus on broad-based economic growth can benefit indigenous peoples but is unlikely to be enough to close the gap. More targeted strategies are needed, as proposed by indigenous peoples and as informed by their views and priorities. Three Success Stories in Advancing the Human Development Index Some countries have succeeded in achieving high human development following different pathways. Nepalmajor public policy push. That Nepal is one of the fastest movers in the Human Development Index (HDI) since 1970 is perhaps surprising in light of the countrys difficult circumstances and record of conflict. Nepals impressive progress in health and education can be traced to major public policy efforts. Free primary education for all children was legislated in 1971 and extended to secondary education in 2007. Gross enrolment rates soared, as did literacy later on. Remarkable reductions in infant mortality reflect more general successes in health following the extension of primary healthcare through community participation, local mobilization of resources and decentralization. The gap between Nepals life expectancy and the world average has narrowed by 87 percent over the past 40 years. By contrast, economic growth was modest, and the lack of jobs led many Nepalese to seek opportunities abroad. Nepal is still a poor country, with enormous scope to improve human development. It ranks 138th of 169 countries in the HDI. Large disparities in school attendance and the quality of education persist, particularly between urban and rural areas and across ethnic groups. Major health challenges remain, related to communicable diseases and malnutrition.

Omanconverting oil to health and education. Oman has had the fastest progress in the HDI. Abundant oil and gas were discovered in the late 1960s, so our data capture the evolution from a very poor to a very rich country, showing a quadrupling of gross enrolment and literacy rates and a 27-year increase in life expectancy. But even in Oman economic growth is not the whole story. Although first in HDI progress, it ranks 26th in economic growth since 1970, when it had three primary schools and one vocational institute. Its initiatives to convert oil wealth into education included expanding access and adopting policies to match skills to labour market needs. Health services also improved: from 1970 to 2000 government spending on health rose almost six-fold much faster than GDP. Tunisiaeducation a policy focus. Tunisias success extends to all three dimensions of the HDI, with education a major policy focus. School enrolment has risen substantially, particularly after the country legislated 10 years of compulsory education in 1991. There has also been some progress in gender equity: about 6 of 10 university students are women. But large inequalities persist, as Tunisias modest (56th of 138 countries) ranking on our new Gender Inequality Index demonstrates. Rapid decline in fertility and high vaccination rates for measles and tuberculosis have yielded successes in health, as has eradication of polio, cholera, diphtheria and malaria. Annual per capita income growth has been around 3 percent over the past 40 years, linked to fiscal and monetary prudence and investment in transport and communication infrastructure. Indias National Rural Employment Guarantee Act Indias National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) of 2005, the worlds largest public works programme ever, provides basic social security for rural workers: a universal and legally enforceable right to 100 days of employment per rural household on local public works at minimum wage. Labourers who are not given work within 15 days of asking for it are entitled to unemployment benefits. The act has other noteworthy features:

Encouraging womens participation. A third of employment generated is to be set aside for women and provided within 5 kilometres of their village; child care facilities (if required) must be provided at the worksite. Decentralizing planning and implementation. At least half of allocated funds are to be spent by elected local councils; village assemblies are to select and prioritize projects. Creating rural assets. People are to be employed to create public assets (such as roads and check-dams) as well as assets on private lands (such as land improvement and wells). Imposing strict norms for transparency and accountability. All documents are to be publicly available, with proactive disclosure of essential documents (such as attendance records), and periodic audits are to be carried out by village representatives. In fiscal year 2009/2010 India spent almost $10 billion (approximately 1 percent of GDP) on the programme, and 53 million households participated.

On average, each participating household worked for 54 days. Disadvantaged groups joined in large numbers; a majority of workers were members of Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes, and more than half were women. Payments of minimum wages and improved work conditions at NREGA work-sites have created pressure for similar improvements in the private labour market, benefiting all rural workers. Distress migration to urban areas has slowed. And for many rural women programme earnings are an important source of economic independence. As Haski, a tribal woman from Rajasthan, said when asked who decided how programme wages should be spent: Main ghar ki mukhiya hoon (I am the head of the household). Refining the Human Development Index The Human Development Index (HDI) remains an aggregate measure of progress in three dimensionshealth, education and income. But in 2010 report the indicators used to measure progress in education and income have been modified, and the way they are aggregated has been changed. In the knowledge dimension mean years of schooling replaces literacy, and gross enrolment is recast as expected years of schoolingthe years of schooling that a child can expect to receive given current enrolment rates. Mean years of schooling is estimated more frequently for more countries and can discriminate better among countries, while expected years of schooling is consistent with the reframing of this dimension in terms of years. Ideally, measures of the knowledge dimension would go beyond estimating quantity to assessing quality, as several National and Regional Human Development Reports (HDRs) have done. To measure the standard of living, gross national income (GNI) per capita replaces gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. In a globalized world differences are often large between the income of a countrys residents and its domestic production. Some of the income residents earn is sent abroad, some residents receive international remittances and some countries receive sizeable aid flows. For example, because of large remittances from abroad, GNI in the Philippines greatly exceeds GDP, and because of international aid, Timor-Lestes GNI is many times domestic output. A key change was to shift to a geometric mean (which measures the typical value of a set of numbers): thus in 2010 the HDI is the geometric mean of the three dimension indices. Poor performance in any dimension is now directly reflected in the HDI, and there is no longer perfect substitutability across dimensions. This method captures how well rounded a countrys performance is across the three dimensions. As a basis for comparisons of achievement, this method is also more respectful of the intrinsic differences in the dimensions than a simple average is. It recognizes that health, education and income are all important, but also that it is hard to compare these different dimensions of well-being and that we should not let changes in any of them go unnoticed.

Income is instrumental to human development but higher incomes have a declining contribution to human development. And the maximum values in each dimension have been shifted to the observed maximum, rather than a predefined cut-off beyond which achievements are ignored.

SOME GOVERNMENT PROGRAMMES Twenty Point Programme

The Twenty Point Programme was initially launched by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1975 and was subsequently restructured in 1982 and again on 1986.With the introduction of new policies and programmes it has been finally restructured in 2006 and it has been in operation at present. The Programmes and Schemes under TPP-2006 are in harmony with the priorities contained in the National Common Minimum Programme, the Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations and SAARC Social Charter. The restructured Programme, called Twenty Point Programme 2006 (TPP-2006), was approved by the Cabinet on 5thOctober, 2006 and operated w.e.f 1.4.2007. Objective: The basic objective of the 20-Point Programme is to eradicate poverty and to improve the quality of life of the poor and the under privileged population of the country. The programme covers various Socio-economic aspects like poverty, employment, education, housing, health, agriculture and land reforms, irrigation, drinking water, protection and empowerment of weaker sections, consumer protection, environment etc. The 20 points of the Programme and its 66 items have been carefully designed and selected to achieve the above objectives. The 20 Point Program Consisted following: 1. Attack on rural poverty 2. Strategy for Rained agriculture 3. Better use of irrigation water 4. Bigger harvest 5. Enforcement of Land Reforms 6. Special Programs for rural labour 7. Clean drinking water 8. Health for all 9. two child norm 10. expansion of education 11. Justice for SC / ST 12. Equality for women 13. New Opportunities for women 14. Housing for the people 15. Improvement for slums 16. New Strategy for Forestry 17. Protection of environment 18. concern for the consumer 19. Energy for the villages 20. A responsive administration The TPP further restructured in 2006 has following Points: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Poverty eradication power to people Support to farmers Labour welfare Food security

6. Clean drinking water

7. Housing for all 8. Health for all 9. Education for all

10. Welfare of SC/ ST/ OBC and minorities

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Women welfare Child welfare Youth Development Improvement of slums Environment protection and afforestation Social security Rural Roads

18. Energising of rural areas

19. Development of Backward areas 20. IT enabled and e-governance The monitoring of the programme at the centre has been assigned to the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India. The management information system relating to Twenty Point developed by the Ministry consists of a monthly Progress Report (MPR) and yearly Review of the Programme, Point-wise, Item-

wise and State-wise. The monthly report covers progress on the implementation of the programme for 20 crucial points for which there is pre-set physical targets and the Yearly Review presents an analytical review of the performance of all the items under the programme. Among the 20 points and 66 items mentioned earlier, 25 items are monitored on monthly basis. In the Monthly Progress Reports, prepared and published by the Central Nodal Department, ranking among States are being prepared and published depending on the percentage of achievements against targets of 20 ranking items/parameters (in case of West Bengal). Up til now, this Department has received and furnished consolidated MPR, in the prescribed format, for the month of January 2008. The list of ranking items and their physical progress reports against targets are furnished below for better comprehension of the subject. It is pertinent to mention here that among the ranking 20 items/parameters, the monthly reports for three Items are being directly submitted to the central Nodal Department by the concerned implementing Departments. This State Nodal Department then sends reports for the following 17 items parameters. 1. Total Swarojgaries Assisted under SGSY (Panchayat Department & RD) 2. SHGs to whom income Generating activities provided 3. Rural Housing Indira Awas Yojna (Housing Departments) 4. EWS/LIG Houses in urban Areas Rural Areas 5. (a) Accelerated Rural water supply programme (b) Slipped back habitations with water quality problems Immunization of children 6. (a) Routine Immunisation (Health Department*) (b) Pulse Polio Immunisation 7. SC Families Assisted (Backward Classes welfare Department) 8. Universalising of ICDS Scheme [ICDS Blocks Operational (cum)] 9. Functional Anganwadis (cum) 9. No. of poor Families Assisted under 7 point charter (Municipal Affairs/UDImplementing Agency ) Afforestation 11. (a) Area covered under Plantation (Forest Department) (b) No. of Seedings Planted (Forest Department) 12. Rural Roads PMGSY ( Panchayats and R & D) 13. Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyntikaran Jojana Villages electrified 14. Energising pump sets ((Power Department)

Jawahar Rozgar Yojna

Jawahar Rozgar Yojna was launched on April 1, 1989 by merging National RuralEmployment Program (NREP) and Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP). At the end of Seventh Five Year Plan So this was a consolidation of the previous employment programs and it was largest National Employment Program of India at that time with a general objective of providing 90-100 Days Employment per person particularly in backward districts. People below Poverty Line were main targets. The Yojna was implemented on rural scale. Every village was to be covered through Panchayati Raj Institutions. The village got aide and support from District Rural Development Authority. Expenditures were born by central & state in 80:20 ratios. Since 1993-94 the Yojna was made more targets oriented and expanded substantially through increased budgetary allocations. It was divided into 3 streams: First Stream: Comprising general works under JRY and also two sub schemes Indira Awas Yojna and Million Wells Scheme. This stream got 75% of the total allocation. In Indira Awas Yojna the allocation was increased from 6% to 10 % and in Million Wells Scheme from 20% to 30 % during that period. Second Stream: This was also called intensified JRY and was implemented in selected 120 backward districts. It got 20% allocation. Third Stream: This was left with 5 % allocation for Innovative programs which included Prevention of labor migration, drought proofing watershed etc. programs. Since April 1, 1999 this Yojna was replaced by Jawahar Gram samridhi Yojna. Later from September 25, 2001, Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojna was merged with Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojna

Accelerated Power Development and Reform Programme (APDRP)

Accelerated Power Development and Reform Programme or APDRP has been undertaken from the year 2000-01 with the twin objectives of financial turn-around in the performance of the power sector especially in electric distribution and improvement in quality of supply. The role of APDRP is to act as a catalyst for bringing about the desired changes through funding arrangements for implementing schemes. The schemes are targeted towards improving financial viability and customer satisfaction. The scheme comprises of 25% grant and 25% of soft loans from the Central Government to the State Government. The remaining 50% resources have to be generated by State Government. The states also have to commit themselves for agreed loss improvement and collection improvement. APDRP mainly focuses on six aspects i.e. Customer, Feeder, Distribution Circle, SEB, State and the Nation. Objectives: 1. Improving financial viability: This can be achieved by reducing Transmission and Distribution (T&D) losses and improving revenue collections. 2. Reduction of T&D losses to around 10 %: The reported total T&D losses are 24 % on an all India average basis. Losses including pilferage and wrong classification are much higher in some pockets of India. Thus, the

higher losses are mainly due to commercial losses. The T&D losses are pegged at around 10% in better managed power systems in the developed countries. In some States of India where private utilities are in place, the T&D loss is about 11 %, which is close to the world benchmark of 7 to 8 %. This also points out that the loss figure of around 10 to 15 % is achievable in better administered organizations. Privatization has better scope to show efficiency improvement. 3. Improving customer satisfaction: Customer satisfaction can be improved by providing better quality power through reduced voltage fluctuations and improved availability. 4. Transparency through Computerization: Along with 100 % energy metering in the districts, it is necessary to enforce energy accounting and auditing as per Energy Conservation Act 2001. Energy accounting system should be able to take input data automatically at various levels from central meter reading control system. Based on this data, energy accounting system should be able to provide information about the losses and pilferages at various levels. Most of the States have initiated actions to implement schemes under APDRP programme. Tamil Nadu has introduced the concept of reliability index for power supply in six cities and towns - Chennai, Coimbatore, Tiruchi, Madurai, Salem and Tirunelveli. Tata Power monitors reliability indices such as CAIFI, CAIDI, SAIFI, SAIDI, etc. for Mumbai distribution. Andhra Pradesh has started computing power supply reliability index for 20 towns and has also put in place an effective anti-pilferage legislation. The State has set up call centres in all district headquarters and has planned to set them in the rural areas in near future. In States where feeder and consumer metering have been completed, immediate gains in revenue ranging from 20 to 30 % have been visible. Other States are in the process of implementing such projects.

In the Union Budget 2009-10, Allocation under Accelerated Power Development and Reform Programme (APDRP) increased by 160 per cent to Rs.2,080 crore in B.E. 2009-10 over B.E. 2008-09.

Rajiv Awas Yojana

Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) is a new scheme announced by the Presidentearlier in 2009, focuses on slum dwellers and the urban poor. This scheme aims at promoting a slum-free India in five years and would focus on according property rights to slum dwellers. The scheme will focus on according property rights to slum dwellers and the urban poor by the states and union territories. It would provide basic amenities such as water supply, sewerage, drainage, internal and approach roads, street lighting and social infrastructure facilities in slums and low income settlements adopting a 'whole city' approach. It would also provide subsidized credit. Allocation for housing and provision of basic amenities to urban poor enhanced to Rs.3,973 crore in the Union Budget 2009-10. This includes provision of Rs. 150 Crore for Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY). As per the UPA government's proposal for this scheme , the schemes for affordable housing through partnership and the scheme for interest subsidy for urban housing would be dovetailed into the Rajiv Awas Yojana which would extend support under JNNURM to States that are willing to assign property rights to people living in slum areas. The Government's effort would be to create a slum free India through the Rajiv Awas Yojana. The Concept Note on RAY was finalized and sent to Planning Commission for their in principle approval. The Planning Commission has accorded its in principle approval for the proposed scheme recently. The draft guidelines of the scheme has been prepared and circulated to all States/UTs/Central Ministries and experts/NGOs for comments. Developing a robust database on slums is critical for implementation of the proposed Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY). The Ministry of HUPA has released funds for Slum/Household/Livelihoods surveys in 394 class I cities having more than one lakh population in the country. The surveys are in progress. Funds will also be released for other towns/cities in a phased manner. An eenabled MIS is being developed for processing of data and building a national database.

In the Union Budget 2010-11, the outlay for Rajiv Awas Yojna has been provided for Rs. 1270 Crore.

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)

Cities and towns of India constitute the worlds second largest urban system. They contribute over 50% of countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and are central to economic growth. For these cities to realize their full potential and become true engines of growth, it is necessary that focused attention be given to the improvement of infrastructure therein. For achieving this objective, a Mission mode approach is essential. JNNURM was launched on 3rd December 2005. Objectives: 1. Focused attention to integrated development of basic services to the urbanpoor Security of tenure at affordable price, improved housing, water supply, sanitation;

2. Convergence of services in fields of education, health and social security

3. As far as possible providing housing near the place of occupation of the urban poor 4. Effective linkage between asset creation and asset management to ensure efficiency 5. Scaling up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to urban poor.

6. Ensuring adequate investment of funds to fulfill deficiencies in the basic services to the urban poor.

Sub Missions: JNNURM comprises two Sub-Missions : 1. Urban Infrastructure and Governance (UIG) (Sub-mission I) 2. Basic Services to the Urban Poor Urban (BSUP) (Sub-mission II) There are, in addition, two other components:

1. Urban Infrastructure Development of Small & Medium Towns (UIDSSMT)

2. Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP) Number of Cities as of December 20, 2009:

The number of cities in Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission is 65 by the end of 2009. The last two cities added are Tirupati and Porbundar.

Purchase of Buses: 1. Under the second stimulus package announced by the Government on 2.1.2009, it has been decided that States, as a one time measure upto 30.6.2009 would be provided assistance under the JNNURM for the purchase of buses for their urban transport systems.

2. Accordingly under the scheme launched by the Ministry of Urban Development, a total of 15260 buses
have been approved for 61 JNNURM cities at a total cost of Rs.4723.94 crore out of which total admissible Central Assistance would be Rs.2088.05 crore. Progress in UIG Component: 1. For Urban Infrastructure and Governance (UIG) component Additional Central Assistance(ACA) for was increased from Rs 25,500 crore to Rs 31,500 crore for the Year 2009. 2. Under the UIG component of JNNURM, 20 projects were sanctioned during 2009, bringing total number of projects sanctioned under the UIG component since inception (i.e. since 3rd December 2005) to 481. Progress in UIDSSMT component: 1. Seven year allocation for the Urban Infrastructure Development for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) component was raised from Rs 6400 crore to Rs 11,400 crore in the Year 2009. New Schemes: Two new Schemes were launched in 2009

1. The Asian Development Bank assisted North Eastern Region Urban Development Programme (NERUDP)
covering Agartala, Shillong, Aizawl, Kohima and Gangtok 2. Scheme for infrastructure development in the satellite towns around the seven mega cities. Proposed Programme Management Unit : 1. To strengthen the capacity of State Level Nodal Agency (SLNA) to effectively coordinate implementation of projects and reforms under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, Ministry of Urban Development has proposed to support a Programme Management Unit (PMU) at the SLNA. 2. The financial support for establishing PMUs was initiated in June 2007. Based on proposals sent by the states the Mission Directorate has approved 19 PMUs of which, 10 states have established arid operationalized PMUs. Project Implementation Unit (PIU)

The Mission Directorate is providing financial and technical support to establish Project Implementation Units (PIUs) at the municipal level, to enhance their capability to effectively implement projects and reforms under JNNURM. The PIU is meant to be an operations unit supplementing and enhancing the existing skill mix of the ULB, rather than a supervisory body. The Mission Directorate has approved 45 PIUs of which 26 PIUs have established andd operationalized by the ULBs.

Independent Review and Monitoring Agency (IRMA) 1. IRMAs are agencies to be appointed by the states for monitoring of the progress of implementation of the projects sanctioned under the JNNURM so that the funds released are utilized in a purposeful and timebound manner. 2. The proposals of Kerala, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Pudducherry, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka for appointment of IRMA have been approved by the CSMC. 3. IRMAs have been established in Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttarakhand, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and Rajasthan. 4. The states of Bihar, Delhi, Nagaland, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh are in the process of appointing IRMAs.

5. For the states of Chandigarh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa and Goa, Ministry of Urban Development has initiated steps for appointment of IRMAs on behalf of these States. 6. CSMC has approved the selection of firms for appointment of IRMAs in these States and States have been intimated about the decision for entering into the agreement with the selected firms. Peer Experience and Reflective Learning (PEARL) 1. The Peer Experience and Reflective Learning (PEARL) programme was launched to foster cross learning and knowledge sharing through networking among the Mission cities. 2. To achieve this objective, the Mission supported formation of groups/networks amongst JNNURM cities having similar socio-economic profile and urban issues, along with natural affinity to peer pair. 3. The National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) has been appointed as the National Coordinator for the PEARL programme for coordinating the overall functioning of the networks, with an appreciation of the independent self driven nature of the networks, and assisting the Mission Directorate in supporting and monitoring the programme. 4. Under the programme, network of heritage cities have organized knowledge sharing workshops. 5. A website has been made operational providing tools to support networking and knowledge sharing. NIUA has brought out a newsletter PEARL Update. Credit Rating in JNNURM 1. JNNURM has undertaken an exercise for assessment of finances and credit worthiness of the Mission ULBs, through process of credit rating. 2. This is intended to trigger the process of leveraging debt for JNNURM projects and to provide a platform for the ULBs and financial institutions to engage on issues related to project financing. 3. Presently, 59 ULBs in the Mission cities have been assigned final rating and made public. Four workshops have been conducted for dissemination of ratings and bringing the ULBs in contact with the banks financial institutions. 4. The surveillance rating has been initiated in Feb 2009. The surveillance ratings will include, but will not be restricted to major developments since last rating, issues / concerns raised, by the rating agencies, during the first round of rating, and rationale for re-affirming /changing the ratings. Programme Management and Evaluation System (PMES)

1. PMES has been developed as a comprehensive web-enabled Management Information System (MIS)
which will serve to cover all the critical aspects of programme implementation. Intensive hands-on training for City as well as State level officials has been conducted to ensure effective use of the application. 2. Further rounds of training have been planned and will be rolled out shortly. PMES is live for all States covering 52 Mission cities, training for which have been completed. Public Private Partnership (PPP) initiatives 1. The Mission Cities have agreed to include promotion of PPP through appropriate policies and projects as a part of the reforms agenda. 2. A number of States such as Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, West Bengal, have adopted PPP policy. 3. PPP cell has also been established by Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Karnataka, Punjab and West Bengal for promotion of PPP for infrastructure projects in their States. 4. PPP initiatives have been taken by Indore, Vadodara, Pune and Ahmedabad for establishing City Bus Service. Establishment of City Voluntary Technical Corp. (CVTC) 1. City Volunteer Technical Corps (CVTCs) and City Technical Advisory Groups (CTAGs) are voluntary groups of professionally qualified persons in the sectors of urban planning, urban governance, urban engineering, legal and financial services and urban poverty. 2. Their setting up was being facilitated by the National Technical Advisory Group (NTAG) on request of the ULBs. Community Participation Fund 1. A Community Participation Fund (CPF) has been established on 4.6.2007 by the Mission Directorate with the initial corpus of Rs. 100 crore with the provision of Rs.90 crore for the projects during the remaining years of mission period. 2. So far 39 proposals under CPF have been approved. National Mission Mode project (NMMP) on e-Governance in Municipalities as part of JNNURM 1. A Mission Mode Project on e-Governance in municipalities has been prepared by this Ministry to make urban governance more efficient and effective.

2. Since local government is the first interface between citizens and government this initiative would solve a number of problems that the people in towns and cities are facing due to rapid urbanization. It would assist improved service delivery, decentralization, better information management & transparency, citizens involvement in government, improved interaction between local governments and its citizens as well as other interest groups like NGOs, CBOs, RWAs, etc. 3. It has been decided that initially the scheme would be a part of Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) for 35 cities with population of over 10 lakh and a new Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) for other cities and towns would be taken up after watching the implementation under JNNURM. 4. Accordingly, the guidelines on NMMP on e-Governance in municipalities have been prepared and circulated to the States/ULBs for submission of DPRs. 5. Six projects on e-governance in Municipalities have since been approved for the city of Vijayawada, Nagpur, Kochi, Pune, Navi Mumbai and Ulhasnagar. JUST Project 1. JNNURM Urban Strengthening and Transformation (JUST) Project [Capacity Building for Urban Development -CBUD] is a World Bank assisted project. 2. It consists of US$ 60 million combining US$ 40 million for Urban Development component and US$ 20 million for Urban Poverty component in 20 participating ULBs which would implement at least two reforms covering financial management, planning governance, service delivery as well as poverty reducing strategies. 3. The selection of the 20 ULBs would be done by the CSMC involving a mix from leading and lagging states using criteria for urban governance, provisioning of urban services and urban poverty. Capacity Building Scheme for Urban Local Bodies (CBULB) 1. In order to strengthen the capacities of Urban Local Bodies other than those towns and cities not covered under JNNURM and UIDSSMT, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India has formulated a scheme viz. Capacity Building Scheme for Urban Local Bodies (CBULB) having a total outlay for Rs. 125 crore for 11th Five Year Plan with the objective of setting up of centres of excellence in the field of urban development. 2. Under this scheme, financial assistance is being extended to Identified Institutions/Cities/States for aforesaid objectives. At present, Ministry of Urban Development has received proposals from Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra, Kerala and Karnataka Governments for financial assistance under CBULB scheme.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)

1. NREGA is designed as a safety net to reduce migration by rural poorhouseholds in the lean period through
A hundred days of guaranteed unskilled manual labour provided when demanded at minimum wage on works focused on water conservation, land development & drought proofing.

2. Notification of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act came in September 2005. It was launched on
February 2, 2006. 3. NREGA is the flagship programme of the UPA Government that directly touches lives of the poor and promotes inclusive growth.

4. The Act aims at enhancing livelihood security of households in rural areasof the country by providing at
least one hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.

5. The ongoing programmes of Sampoorn Grameen Rozgar Yojna & National Food for Work
6. 7. 8. 9. Programme were subsumed within this programme in the 200 of the most backward districts of the country, in which it was introduced in phase -1 . In phase-2 it was introduced in 130 additional districts. The scheme was extended to 274 rural districts from April 1, 2008 in phase-3. NREGA is the first ever law internationally, that guarantees wage employment at an unprecedented scale. Dr. Jean Drze, a Belgian born economist, at the Delhi School of Economics, has been a major influence on this project.

What are Objectives of NREGA? 1. Augmenting wage employment.

2. Strengthening natural resource management through works that address causes of chronic poverty like
drought, deforestation and soil erosion and so encourage sustainable development. 3. Strengthening grassroots processes of democracy 4. Infusing transparency and accountability in governance. 5. Strengthening decentralization and deepening processes of democracy by giving a pivotal role to the Panchayati Raj Institutions in planning, monitoring and implementation. What are the Unique Features of NREGA? 1. Time bound employment guarantee and wage payment within 15 days

2. Incentive-disincentive structure to the State Governments for providing employment as 90 per cent of the cost for employment provided is borne by the Centre or payment of unemployment allowance at their own cost and emphasis on labour intensive works prohibiting the use of contractors and machinery. 3. The Act mandates a 33 percent participation for women. How NREGA is Implemented? The following image shows the key processes in the implementation of NREGA.

1. Cost sharing : Central Government 3/4th , State Government 1/4th 2. Adult members of rural households submit their name, age and address with photo to the Gram Panchayat. 3. The Gram panchayat registers households after making enquiry and issues a job card. The job card contains the details of adult member enrolled and his /her photo. 4. Registered person can submit an application for work in writing (for at least fourteen days of continuous work) either to panchayat or to Programme Officer. 5. The panchayat/programme officer will accept the valid application and issue dated receipt of application, letter providing work will be sent to the applicant and also displayed at panchayat office. 6. The employment will be provided within a radius of 5 km: if it is above 5 km extra wage will be paid. 7. If employment under the scheme is not provided within fifteen days of receipt of the application daily unemployment allowance will be paid to the applicant. NREGA & Union Budget 2009-10:

1. During 2008-09, NREGA provided employment opportunities for more than 4.47 crore households
as against 3.39 crore households covered in 2007-08. 2. Govt. is committed to providing a real wage of Rs.100 a day as an entitlement under the NREGA. 3. To increase the productivity of assets and resources under NREGA, convergence with other schemes relating to agriculture, forests, water resources, land resources and rural roads is being initiated. In the first stage, a total of 115 pilot districts have been selected for such convergence. 4. Govt of India has proposed an allocation of Rs.39,100 crore for the year 2009-10 for NREGA which marks an increase of 144% over 2008-09 Budget Estimates. How Monitoring & Evaluation is Done in NREGA? 1. The Ministry has set up a comprehensive monitoring system. For effective monitoring of the projects 100% verfication of the works at the Block level, 10% at the District level and 2% at the State level inspections need to be ensured.

2. In order to optimize the multiplier effects of NREGA, the Ministry has set up a Task Force to look at the
possibility of convergence of programmes likeNational Horticulture Mission, Rashtriya Krishi vikas Yojana, Bharat Nirman, Watershed Development with NREGA. 3. These convergence efforts will add value to NREGA, works and aid in creating durable efforts and also enable planned and coordinated public investments in rural areas. Critical Issues of NREGA, how they are addressed?

1. Issues Related to Job Cards: To ensure that rural families likely to seek unskilled manual labour are
identified & verify against reasonably reliable local data base so that nondomiciled contractors workers are not used on NREGA works . What is done for this problem? Job card verification is done on the spot against an existing data base and Reducing the time lag between application and issue of job cards to eliminate the possibility of rentseeking, and creating greater transparency etc. Besides ensuring that Job Cards are issued prior to employment demand and work allocation rather than being issued on work sites which could subvert the aims of NREGA

2. Issues related to Applications: To ascertain choices and perceptions of households regarding lean
season employment to ensure exercise of the right to employment within the time specified of fifteen days to ensure that works are started where and when there is demand for labour, not demand for works the process of issuing a dated acknowledgement for theapplication for employment needs to be scrupulously observed. In its absence, the guarantee cannot be exercised in its true spirit

3. Issues Related to Selection of Works: Selection of works by gram sabha in villages and display after
approval of shelf of projects, to ensure public choice, transparency and accountability and prevent material intensive, contractor based works and concocted works records

4. Issues related to Execution of Works: At least half the works should be run by gram panchayats .
Maintenance of muster roll by executing agency -numbered muster rolls which only show job card holders must be found at each work-to prevent contractor led works

5. Issues related to measurement of work done: Regular measurement of work done according to a
schedule of rural rates sensitive Supervision of Works by qualified technical personnel on time. Reading out muster rolls on work site during regular measurement -to prevent bogus records and payment of wages below prescribed levels

6. Issues related to Payments: Payment of wages through banks and post offices -to close avenues for use
of contractors, short payment and corruption

7. Audit : Provision of adequate quality of work site facilities for women and men labourers Creation and
maintenance of durable assets Adequate audit and evaluation mechanisms Widespread institution of social audit and use of findings Some Points:

1. Rozgar Jagrookta Puruskar award has been introduced to recognize outstanding Contributions by Civil
society Organizations at State, District, Block and Gram Panchayat levels to generate awareness about provisions and entitlements and ensuring compliance with implementing processes. 2. The government has engaged professional institutions like IIMs, IITs and agricultural universities to assess the implementation of NREGA across the country.

Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)

This scheme has been merged with NREGS since February 2006 so only most important points are given below: 1. The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) was launched on 25 September, 2001 by merging the on-going schemes of EAS (Employment Assurance Scheme) and the JGSY (Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojna)

2. Objective was to providing additional wage employment and food security, alongside creation of durable
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. community assets in rural areas. The annual outlay was Rs.10, 000 crore which included 50 lakh tones on food grains. The cash component shared between the Centre and the States in the ratio of 75:25. Food grains were provided free of cost to the States/UTs. Minimum wages paid to the workers through a mix of minimum five kg of food grains and at least 25 per cent of wages in cash. Implemented by all the three tiers of Panchayati Raj Institutions. Each level of Panchayat was an independent unit for formulation of Action. Resources distributed among District Panchayats, Intermediate Panchayats and the Gram Panchayats in the ratio of 20:30:50. Contractors not permitted to be engaged for execution of any of the works and no middlemen/intermediate agencies can be engaged for executing works under the scheme.

National Food For Work Programme

1. This program was subsumed with the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) in February
2006. 2. The National Food for Work Programme was launched in November 2004 in 150 most backward districts of the country, identified by the Planning Commission in consultation with the Ministry of Rural Development and the State governments. 3. The objective of the programme was to provide additional resources apart from the resources available under the Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) to 150 most backward districts of the country so that generation of supplementary wage employment and providing of food-security through creation of need based economic, social and community assets in these districts are further intensified. 4. The scheme was 100 per cent Centrally sponsored.

5. The programme has since been subsumed in National Rural Employment Guarantee Act which has come
in force in 200 identified districts of the country including 150 NFFWP districts. 6. The Act provided 100 days of work guarantee to every rural household whose members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.