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Cover Sheet Class Name: Introduction to Algebra Name: Aakash Muttineni AOPS Username: agora Class ID: 351 User ID: 43236 E-mail: aakash.muttineni@gmail.com Challenge Set Number: 1 Number of pages:6

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1.) First we can nd what numbers and variables are common in 9a4 21a. Both 9 and 21 are divisible by 3,and a is common in a4 and a so after we factor we have 3a(3a3 7) and we cant factor anymore so our solution is 3a(3a3 7) 2.) First we can factor out a number from the numerator and denominator of the fraction. We can foctor 2x2 from the numerator and we get 2x2 (3x2 + 1) in the numerator and in the denominator we can 1 2x2 (3x2 + 1) . Now we can cancel 2 from the factor out 2x so we get 2x(2x3 5) so the fraction is 2x(2x3 5) 1 x(3x2 + 1) . There is a - power so it is the reciprical numerator and denominator and then x and we get 2x3 5 x(2x3 5) 2x4 5x . so it would be = 2+1 3x 3x2 + 1 3a.) We can start of by nding the factors of 54. They are 2 33 now we have to nd two factors that are equal then we can take one out of the square root and 3 is repeated so it will be 3 2 3 and no more factors are repeated so the answer is 3 6 3b.) We can start by nding the factors of 1764 which is 22 32 72 they are all repeated twice so the answer is going to be a perfect square. Outside the paranthesis we have 2 3 7 or 42 . 3c.) We can start by nding the factors of the numbers inside the square root. We will get 23 32 52 112 now we nd what numbers we can bring outside the root.We can take 2,3,5,11 out so in the root we are left with 2 so we have 2 3 5 11 2 = 330 2 3d.) We can also start this on by nding the factors of 3 5000x3 y 8 . After nding the factors we get 3 54 23 x3 y 3 y 3 y 2 . This time we have to nd a factor that is repeated three times so we can put it outside the square root. The numbers that are repeated are 5,2,3,x,y,y and the numbers left in the square root are 5 and y 2 . so we have 5 2 3 x y y 3 5 y 2 so we have 30xy 2 3 5y 2 4a.) To make these two a single fraction we have to nd the common denominator. in this case it is xy 2 + y 2 because x + xy(y) = xy 2 + y 2 and y(x + y) = xy 2 + y 2 . For the rst fraction we multiply the xy numerator and the denominator by y so we get . Then for the second fraction we multiply the xy + y 2 xy x2 y 2 x2 y 2 . So now we have + and because they numerator and denominator by x+y to get 2 2 xy + y xy + y xy + y 2 xy + x2 y 2 have a common denominator we have . xy + y 2 4b.) Now we have to nd the common denominator by multiplying all the denominators with each other so we get x3 x for the denominator. For the rstt fraction we multiply the numerator and denomix2 + x nator by x2 + x because x(x + 1) = x2 + x. So we get 3 . Now we have to multiply the numerator and x x 2 2x 2 denominator of the second fraction by x2 1. So we get 3 . Now for the third fraction we multiply the x x 2 x x x2 + x 2x2 2 x2 x numerator and the denominator by x2 x so we get 3 . So we are left with 3 3 + 3 x x x x x x x x 2 2 2 x + x 2x 2 + x x and when we combine them we get and when we simplify even further we get x3 x 2x 2 . x3 x First we should dene a variable for the total amount of gallons that can t in the tank we can 1 1 use g. From the question we can get the equation g + 2 = g so when we solve the equation we will get 6 4 out answer. To make this equation simpler we can get rid of the fraction so its simple. We can multiply 1 1 6 both sides by 6 and 4 to get rid of the fractions. 6( g + 2) = ( g)6= 4(g + 12) = ( g)4= 4g + 48 = 6g 6 4 4 Now we can solve this like a simple linear equation. 4g + 48 4g = 6g 4g = 48 = 2g = g = 24 so the total capacity of the tank is 24 gallons . 5.)

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6a.) We can use the elimination method and add both equations so one variable will cancel out. After we cancel we get 2x = 18 = x = 9 Now we put this in the rst equation and we get 9 + y = 15 = 9 + y 9 = 15 9 so we get x=9, y=6 . 6b.) We can multiply the rst equation by 2 so we can cancel out the ys when we use the elimination method. We get 4x + 2y = 14 after multiplying by 2. Now we can add both equations and we get 5x = 10 = x = 2. Now we can put -2 in the rst equation and we get 4 + y = 7 = 4 + y + 4 = 7 + 4 = y = 3. So our answer is x=-2, y=-3 . 6c.) We can divide the second equation by 3 and for bothe equations we have x+y for the left hand side but the right hand side for both have dierent values so there is no solution . 6d.) If we multiply the rst equation by -5 and we get 15x + 20y = 10 which is the same as the x and y have innite values . 2nd equation so 7.) We can rst dene a variable for pencil so we can use p. Next the question says the pen costs a dollar more than the pencil so we can take pen as p+1. Both together the pen and pencil cost $1.10 so the equation is p + p + 1 = 1.10= 2p + 1 = 1.10= 2p = 0.10 so the cost of the pencil is 5 cents. The cost of a pen is p+1 so we add 1 to 0.05 so the cost of the pen is $1.05 . 8.) First we can dene variables d for the daughter and g for the grandfather. The rst equation we got from the problem is g = 13d and the secon equation is g + 1 = 11(d + 1) = g + 1 = 11d + 11. Now we can use the substitution method because we have g in terms of d we can put it in the second equation and we get 13d+1 = 11d+11 we can now combine the like terms and we get 2d = 10 = d = 5 now we put it in the rst equation and we get g = 13(5) = g = 65 so we get the daughters age is 5 and the grandfathers age is 65 . 9.) First we can multiply the equation by 3 then x so we can get rid of the fractions. So we get x+3 3x + 9 x +1 =3 = x(x + 3) = x = x2 + 3x = 3x + 9 now we can combine the like terms 3 3 x x and we get x2 = 9= x = 3 so the solution is x = 3 . 10.) To get p in terms of q we can rst multiply both sides by p-2 so we get qp 2q = 2p + 1 now we can try to get p on one side and q on the other so we will get qp + 2p = 1 + 2q now we can factor out p from the left side and we will get p(q + 2) = 1 + 2q now if we divide q+2 on both sides we get p in 1 + 2q terms of q and it is p = . q+2 11.) First we can add the rst equation with the third and we will get 4x y = 12 we can use this as the fourth equation. We can multiply the rst equation with a negative one and we have y + z = 7 now we can add it with the second equation to get x+y=-4 we can use this as the fth equation. Now we 8 can add the fourth and fth equation to get x = . We can put the value of x in the fth equation and 5 8 8 28 we get + y = 4 = y = 4 = y = . Now we can put in the value of y into the rst equa5 5 5 28 28 63 8 28 63 tion and we get z = 7 = z = 7+ = z = . So our answer is x = , y = , z = . 5 5 5 5 5 5 12.) First we can dene variables t for toast, b for bagel, and m for mun. Now we can form the equations we got from the question 2t + b = 1.30, b + m = 2.50, t + 2b + 3m = 6.95. Now we can multiply the second equation by -3 and we get 3b 3m = 7.50 now we can add it to the third equation to get rid of the m and we get t b = 0.55 we can use this as equation 4. We can multiply this with -2 to get 2t + 2b = 1.10 we can add this with equation 1 to get 3y = 2.40 = y = 0.80. So the bagel costs $0.80 .

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13.)

First we can dene variables b for boy and g for girl. From the question we have two equations g 3 = b 1 g1 5 = b+3 2

If we cross multiply the rst equation we will get g = 3b and if we do the same with the second equation we get 2g 2 = 5b + 15 = 2g 5b = 17. Now we can use the substitution method because we have g in terms of b so if we subsitute that in the simplied second equationand we have 6b 5b = 17 = b = 17 now we can put it into the simplied rst equation and we get g = 3(17) = g = 51. Now we have to subtract one from girls and add 3 to boys so their are 50 girls and 20 boys . 14.) First we have to change 200,000 meters to kilometers and there is 1,000 meters in a kilometer 3 3.6 so the scale would be 3cm:200km now we can form a porportion and we can use k for our answer. = 200 k 3.6 200 720 so k = = k = = k = 240. So 3.6 centimeters equals 240 kilometers . 3 3 15.) We can dene variables x for length and y for width. If x increases by 20 percent it would be 20 1 1 6 x = x so after its increased it would be x + x = x and the width decreases by 25 percent so it 100 5 5 5 25 1 1 3 would be y = y so after its decreased it is y y = y. Now we have to nd the area and the 100 4 4 4 3 18 9 6 xy = xy. The the original area was xy formula is Length width so it is xy so we have x y = 5 4 20 10 1 Change so the change is xy but we the question asks for percent so we have to use the formula 100. 10 Original So the answer is 10% . 16.) The total weight of the berries was 100kg and 99% was moisture so 1% or 1 pound was whatever was inside the berries that was not liquid. After it was dried for two days the berries had 98% moisture and the 1 pound is constant and it hasnt changed so that 1 pound is 2%. We can say the total weight after 98 98 two days in the sun be x. Now we can form an equation x + 1 = x. Now if we subtract x we get 100 100 2 1= x = 100 = 2x = x = 50. So after 2 days in the sun the berries weigh 50 pounds . 100 17a.) We can take the rst solution as x ml and the second as y ml. There is 80% benzene in the rst solution and 30% in the second and after adding some of each we have to get 50% benzene or 50ml of benzene because after adding both mixtures it has to be 100ml. For toluene there is 20% in the rst solution and in the second there is 70% and after adding some of each we have to get 50ml in this to. So we have our two equations 80 30 8 3 x+ y = 50 = x + y = 50 = 8x + 3y = 500 100 100 10 10 20 70 2 7 x+ y = 50 = x + y = 50 = 2x + 7y = 500 100 100 10 10 now we can multiply the second equation by -4 and we get 8x 28y = 2000 now we can add this to 1500 the rst equation and we get 25y = 1500 = y = = y = 60. Now we can put this into the rst 25 equation and we get 8x + 180 = 500 = 8x = 320 = x = 40. So to get 50% benzene and 50% toluene we need to put 40 mililiters from the rst solution and 60 mililiters of the second solution . 17b.) Now we can use the same variables and form our equation. All the terms on the left side are the same in this equation so for benzene we have 8x + 3y = 900 and for toluene we have 2x + 7y = 100 now we can multiply the second equation by negative four and we get 8x 28y = 400 now if we add both equations we get 25y = 500 already we can see that y will be a negative and we cant have negative mililiters so there is no combination or solution . 18.) We can say that it took Alice an hour to go 24 km that means she was going at 24 km per 4

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hour and she crossed the nish line. At the same time Becky is 8 km away from nishing so that means she is 24km-8km=16km through the race so she was going at 16km per hour so in half an hour she will nish the race. Now we have to nd how many km Caitlin can travel when she is already 12km throught the race so she was going at 12 km per hour so half of that is 6 so in 6 km Caitlin will be 18km through the race and Becky will have nished the race. So Caitlin still has to nish 24km-18km=6km. 6 kilometers . 19.) In the second equation a5 b5 can also be written as (ab)5 so the equation would be (ab)5 = 7776 now we can simplify this further ab = 5 7776 = ab = 6. Now we can write a in terms of b and that is a = 6/b we can now substitute this into the rst equation to get 6/b b4 = 12 = 6 b3 = 12 = b3 = 2 so b = 3 2. Now we can put this into ab=6 so it will be 3 3 a( 2) = 6 = 2a3 = 216 = a3 = 108 = a = 4. So the answer is a= 3 4, b = 3 2 .

20.) After reading the question I was thinking the answer would be z=x%+y% but this would be too easy for a challenge question so I was thinking this was wrong. 21.) I wasnt sure about the question because we have to nd where the plane is and wouldnt we have to know how many hours the plane was traveling for? 22.) I was thinking that after the drain was unplugged wouldnt we need to know the rate of water being drained. 23.) If he takes the uphill route that was 6km it would take him an hour to go up 2km so it would take him 3 hours to get up the hill and when going back he is not going uphill he is going down so it will take 1 hour to go 6km so to go back and fourth on the hill it would take 4 hours. Now when he is walking on a at surface so it takes an hour to go 3km so it will take him 2 hours to get there and two hours to get back because he is on the same surface so in total it takes him 4 hours just like the hill. When he walks down a hill he goes 6km an hour so it takes him an hour to get to one side but when he is going back he is going uphill not downhill so it takes him an hour to go 2km uphill so it will take him 3 hours to get up so in total it will take him 4 hours just like when he is on a at surface or when he goes uphill. 24.) I didnt understand the question if k has no solution what is the value of k?

25.) First we can multiply the 2nd equation by -2 and we get 2b 4c = 8 now if we add this to the rst equation we get a 4c = 0 now we can try to get rid of c so we multiply the third equation by 4 and we get 4c + 8d = 8 now we can add these two equations and we get a + 8d = 8. Now we have to get rid of 8d so we multiply the fourth equation by -8 and we get 8d 16e = 8. We have to add these two equations and we get a 16e = 0. Now we have to nd a/e so we add 16e on bothe sides a = 16e now we can divide both sides by e and we get a/e = 16. So the answer is a/e=16 . For the rst equation we can divide both sides by 3 so we can get rid of the coeceint of the 5 x+y 3 xy variables and we get = . Now we can nd the reciprical on both sides so we get = we can x+y 3 xy 5 x y 3 now seperate x+y into two fractions so we get + = . Now we can cancel x from the numerator and xy xy 5 1 1 3 denominator and y from the numerator and denominator and we get + = . We can do this from the y x 5 other two equations and we get 1 1 2 + = z x 3 1 1 1 + = . z y 4 Now we can subtract the second equation from the rst and we get 2 11 = y 60 1 11 1 1 this into the third equation and we get + = = z 120 4 z to the third equation and we get the value of y as 5 1 1 1 = now we can add this y z 15 120 = 11y = 120 = y = . Now we can put 11 1 11 1 19 120 = = = = z = .Now we 4 120 z 120 19 26.)

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1 2 19 1 61 120 can put z in the second equation and we get = = = = x = . So our answer is x 3 120 x 120 60 120 120 120 x= ,y = ,z = 61 11 19 27.) I was getting confused by all those years and the number of rainy days with cow-tippings.