Theories of development

provide a framework for thinking about human growth, development, and learning.

Theory Psychoanalytic Theory

Description
Developed as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion. Stresses that early experiences with parents extensively shape development.

Person behind the theory

Sigmund Freud

Psychosexual Theory

Basically has three structures : the id (instincts), the ego (decision maker) and super ego (conscience). Also includes the 5 freudian stages in which he believed that it is the process occurs in developing a persons personality.

Sigmund Freud

Psychosocial Theory

He believed that personality develops in series of stages. It describes the impact of social experience across the whole lifespan.

Erik Erikson

Cognitive Theory

Cognitive theory is concerned with the development of a person's thought processes. It also looks at how these thought processes influence how we understand and interact with the world.

Cognitive Developmental Theory

States that children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through 4 stages of cognitive development.

Jean Piaget

Sociocultural Cognitive Theory

Emphasizes the influence of culture, peers, and adults on the developing child.

Lev Vygotsky

Information Processing Theory

Its primary focus is on memory (the storage and retrieval of information). States thinking is information processing.

Robert Siegler

Behavioral and Social Cognitive Theories

Classical Conditioning

States that neutral stumulus acquires the ability to produce a response originally by another stimulus. ( dog bell food example)

Ivan Pavlov

Operant Conditioning

The consequences of a behavior produce changes in the probability of the behaviors occurrence. (reward and punishment approach)

B.F. Skinner

Banduras Social cogntive theory

States that development is learned and is influenced strongly by environmental interactions.

Albert Bandura

Ethological Theory

Stresses that behavior is strongly influenced by biology, is tied to evolution, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods.

Ecological Theory

Emphasizes environmental factors. It is important for understanding life-span development.

Freuds five stages of psychosexual development Stage Oral Stage Description

Infants pleasure centers on the mouth

Range of Age Birth to 1 years old

Anal Stage

Childs pleasure focuses on the anus

1 to 3 years old

Phallic Stage

Childs pleasure focuses on the genitals

3 to 6 years old

Latency Stage

Child represses sexual interest and develops social and intellectual skills

6 years old to Puberty

Genital Stage

A time of sexual reawakening source of sexual pleasure becomes someone outside of the family

Puberty onwards

Eriksons Eight Life-Span Stages Stages Trust vs Mistrust Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt Initiative vs Guilt Industry vs inferiority Identity vs Identity Confusion Intimacy vs Isolation Generativity vs Stanation Integrity vs Despair Developmental Period Infancy (first year) Infancy (1 to 3 years) Early childhood (preschool years, 3 to 5yo) Middle and late childhood (6yo to puberty) Adolesence (10 20 yo) Early adulthood (20s 30s) Middle adulthood (40s 50s) Late adulthood (60s onward)

Homework in Human Development

Pabico, Kevin Kyle T. BSPT S3A