Kastair Montelukast VIDEO SPIEL Allergic rhinitis is an allergic inflammation of the nasal airways.

It is an Allergen inhaled by an individual through the immunoglobulin E (IgE)mediated inflammatory disorder in which exposure of nose. The person sneezed as the pollen entered the nasal membranes to allergens leads to nasal symptoms. Symptoms of allergic the airways, making it swollen. rhinitis includes nasal congestion, a clear runny nose, sneezing, nose and eye Air being blocked by small particles surrounding itching, and excess tear production in the eyes. Postnasal dripping of clear mucus the airways. frequently causes a cough. This can lead to other diseases such as sinusitis and asthma. Difficulty in breathing Irritated, swollen airway Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder in which exposure to various stimuli results in airway obstruction and airflow limitation. It occurs when the tubes which carrying air in and out of your lungs known as airways become swollen The camera gets inside of the airway through the and irritated. Because of this reaction, muscles around it get stiff, and in turn nose, showing small particles and mucus airways become narrow which result into less air to the lungs. More swelling can surrounding the airways. make the situation awful, and airways become narrower. Airways cells sometimes make excess mucus that is a sticky liquid that is further narrowing the airways. Airway with text of Asthma and allergic rhinitis Allergens producing leukotrienes Leukotrienes blocking the airway Swollen airway, air cannot pass through Mucus are secreted in the tube, the tube enlarges, the mucus continue to reproduce and become bigger Since allergic rhinitis and asthma have the share common inflammatory cells, one treatment can be given to give optimum relief for the patients. This interaction triggers mast-cell degranulation; cysteinyl leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and platelet-activating factor (PAF). The late-phase response is provoked primarily by activation of mast cells or T cells, resulting in cytokine release. Cytokines influence a wide range of events associated with chronic inflammation, including eosinophil recruitment and the consequent release of cysteinyl leukotrienes and other newly generated inflammatory mediators. Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators produced from arachidonic acid metabolism via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Arachidonic acid is liberated by cell membranes in response to various factors such as antigen-antibody interaction,

IgE receptor activation, microorganisms, and physical stimuli. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) play a critical role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma.

Mucus becomes leukotrienes Montelukast tablet entering the mouth Montelukast goes to the airway, suppresses the leukotienes The airway improves

Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) used for the maintenance treatment of asthma and to relieve symptoms of seasonal allergies. It is usually administered orally. Montelukast is a CysLT1 antagonist, blocking the action of leukotriene D4 (and secondary ligands LTC4 and LTE4) on the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor CysLT1 in the lungs and bronchial tubes by binding to it. This reduces the bronchoconstriction otherwise caused by the leukotriene and results in less inflammation. Montelukast causes inhibition of airway cysteinyl leukotriene receptors as demonstrated by the ability to inhibit bronchoconstriction due to inhaled LTD4 in asthmatics. Doses as low as 5 mg cause substantial blockage of LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction. In patients with chronic asthma and seasonal aeroallergen sensitivity, montelukast 10 mg provided significant improvement in asthma control when compared to placebo

Air passes through the tube without difficulty