Future of Livestock in Pakistan

Prof Dr Shahana Urooj Kazmi, Member

Animal Sciences Division

Pakistan Agricultural Research Council Islamabad

Role of Livestock
Livestock plays an important role in the economy of Pakistan and in the rural socio-economic system 30-40% of income of more than 35 million rural population comes from livestock production activities The livestock sector contributed 50% of the agriculture value added and 11% to National GDP in 2006-07 Eight percent of total exports derived from livestock and livestock products Pakistan possesses some of the finest dairy breeds like Nili-Ravi and Kundi buffaloes, and Red Sindhi & Sahiwal cattle, > 30 small ruminant breeds Fifth largest milk producing country

Factors Improving the Future

A number of initiatives have been taken by the government to promote this industry including : Duty free import of agrobased machinery etc Provision of veterinary health coverage by livestock dept. Establishment of beef and mutton fattening farms , slaughter houses in private sector

Cont---d
Milk collection ,Processing and Dairy Production Development Programs (LDDB -15%financial assistance) National Poultry and Fisheries Development Policy EU GOP Strengthening of Livestock Services in Pakistan (RP , PPR , Training of VETS, VET Asst , livestock farmers and women) Prime Ministers Special Initiative for Livestock Many other public/ private sector initiatives

Sub-Sectoral Contribution to Agricultural GDP - 2006-07

Fisheries 1% Livestock 49%

Major Crops 35%

Forestry 3%

Minor Crops 12%

Source: Economic Survey of Pakistan: 2006-07

LIVESTOCK IN NATIONAL ECONOMY

Agriculture in Pak GDP 22.0 % Livestock in Pak GDP 10.4 % Share in agri GDP 49.1 % Livestock in export 8.5 % (935 m US$) Dependent population > 6.5 m families Provides raw material for industry Social security for rural poor Security against crop failure in rainfed areas Growth rates 1990s 4.5% 2000-2007 3.2 %

Economic Survey (2006-07)

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS
Milk Beef Mutton Poultry meat Eggs Wool Hair Skins and hides 33.230 million tons 1.237 million tons 0.827 million tons 0.514 million tons 9.618 billions 41.2 thousand tons 25.0 thousand tons 57.6 million nos.
Economic Survey (2006-07)

LIVESTOCK POPULATION (2006-07)

(Million Heads)
PROVINCE Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goats Camels

PAKISTAN

29.56

27.33

26.49 53.78 0.92

Per cent distribution

NWFP Punjab Sindh Balochistan

21.5 43.2 28.9 6.4

6.3 60.8 31.8 1.1

13.3 24.3 18.2 44.2

17.5 37.1 23.8 21.6

8.3 18.6 29.7 43.4

Economic Survey (2006-07)

Challenges Facing Livestock

Poor genetic & reproductive efficiency Epidemics of infectious diseases Lack of organized marketing Small holders production system Shortage (by 30%) of feed resources in quantity & quality Unavailability of credit to the livestock farmers (11% of agricultural credit)

Role of PARC
A Statutory Body Established under PARC Ordinance 1981 Apex Agriculture Research Organization of the Country to Set National Agricultural Research Agenda International and National Coordination In-house Strategic Research on National Issues and Expeditious Utilization of Research Results

Achievements in Animal Research

In collaboration with Universities / R&D Institutions / Provincial Livestock Units carried out various projects funded by ALP /FAO/ USAID and other agencies in following areas: Animal Health Breeding & Reproduction Feeding Resources & Technologies Post-Harvest Technologies & Value Chain Aquaculture & Fisheries

ANIMAL HEALTH
Developed an oil based HS vaccine providing higher level of immunity for longer duration i.e., for one year and protective efficacy of 95% Developed vaccine for the effective control of hydropericardium syndrome in poultry Designed strategy for control of warble fly and designed plan for its eradication from goats and cattle

Contd
Pakistan is declared provisionally as free from Rinderpest with major contribution of PARC An effective trivalent vaccine developed for the control of foot and mouth disease (FMD) Developed vaccine for an effective control of mastitis for four different Staphylococcus aureus strains in buffaloes.

Preparedness for Bird Flu at National and Regional Level (SAARC)

Developed State of Art Diagnostic Tools Effective Surveillance & Monitoring System Network Covers whole Pakistan (12 Labs) Includes Domestic and Commercial Poultry, Wild & Migratory Birds H5N1 in the Country (yes) Poultry Pathogen (H7 & H9)
Bird Flu virus (AI type A)

Breeding & Reproduction

Much work has been done in the area of animal reproduction. Major thrust has been: Heat detection & seasonal infertility in buffaloes Improvement in cattle and buffalo-semen & embryo quality using cryo-preservation techniques Research for improving AI and embryo transfer technology was successfully undertaken

Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Cow (Dhanni) w/ Exotic Jersey Bull Yielded Crossbreds upto 2 to 3 Times Increase in Milk Production (From 3 to 8.5 lit/day)

Exotic Rambouillet sheep of USA when cross-bred with Waghani Sheep of Malakand & Kaghan- valley sheep with doubling of quantity of wool of superior quality (from 0.8 kg to 2 kg & fiber diameter 30 to 23 per shearing per animal)

Improved Cattle Breeding Through Embryo Transfer Technique with Doubling of Milk Yield per Animal per Year

Feed Resources & Technologies

Milk replacer and early weaning diets developed for economical calf rearing with nutritive value almost similar to milk and gives similar performance by calf Formulated & developed technology as feeding supplements to help rumen microbes for an efficient utilization of poor quality feed, higher live weight gain and economical livestock production. To avoid wastage of ammonia, slow releasing chemicals, Yucca schidigera extract may be used

PARC Cattle Feed

PARC started cattle feed production and marketing in 1989. This feed was 30% cheaper, produced 15% more milk and reduced calving interval by 4 months. Based upon this successful technology development, more than 45 livestock feed mills in the public and private sectors have been established in the country with our technical backstopping.

Post-Harvest Technologies & Value Chain

Activation of lactoperoxidase system for raw milk preservation without refrigeration was adopted for buffalo milk under local conditions.This technology, also recommended by FAO, can extend raw milk shelf life for 5-8 hours. training to use the technology provided to farmers and middlemen. Indigenous dairy products like cottage cheese, white cheese, fruit yogurt, plain yogurt and cream cheese have been improved. A pilot unit at NARC is established for practical demonstration and a number of small investors and households have been trained for these products.

Aquaculture & Fisheries

Breeding technology for carps (Thaila, Rohu and Mori) standardized by use of different hormones Feed for trout fish developed reducing cost of feed by 25%. This feed is now commonly being used by the trout farmers in NWFP and Northern Areas. American Channel Catfish successfully introduced in Pakistan in September 2003 from Thailand. The stock grew from a mean size of 10 gm to 1.5 kg in one year. Breeding attempts are being made.

Research Priorities for Better Future of Livestock

Breeding & Genetics

Characterization & sustainable management of animal genetic resources for meeting future needs of food and agriculture. Development of genetic improvement programs for indigenous livestock & poultry breeds Development of breed inventories and population trends for assessment of breed status. Develop advanced molecular genetic techniques for detection of QTLs for economically important traits Development of indigenous chicken breeds for backyard poultry Development of growth curves for different dairy and meat breeds of livestock Development of recording and breeding models for various livestock breeds

Improving Feed Resources and Technologies

Improved fodder production & preservation. Improving nutritional quality of existing feed/fodder resources & agro-industrial wastes. Economical calf and heifer rearing for different production systems. Research & Biotechnological interventions in relation to animal nutrition.

Animal Health
Development of efficient and innovative methods for diagnosis of livestock and fish diseases. Development of techniques for production of vaccines to control important livestock & poultry diseases such as, FMD, PPR, AI, ND, IBD, HS, Brucellosis, Infectious Mastitis, CCPP, etc. using genomics, proteomics and other techniques. Studies on antiviral activity of indigenous plants. Epidemiology and control of emerging and reemerging infections/diseases in livestock. Animals and farm bio-safety and bio-security issues and disease epidemics.

Animal Reproduction
Improvement of cryo-preservation techniques of buffalo and cattle semen and embryo. Research in oestrus detection and control of seasonal infertility in buffaloes. Biotechnological interventions in animal reproduction.

Livestock Product Technology

Studies on improvement of quality of livestock products Studies on development of value added products Establishment of starter culture bank of fermented dairy products Research in human bio-safety issues in animal origin food chain

Fisheries and Aquaculture

Development of improved aquaculture system for high value fish & shell fish species like carps, trout, catfish, snake head, prawn, crabs & shrimps Development of genetically enhanced fish for aquaculture system & production of superior germplasm. Development of least cost feed for intensive fish culture Research on Immunology & infectious diseases of fish. Effe3cts of pollution on fish & fisheries. Marine & inland resource assessment & their management with specific reference to mangrove forests, mahaseer, Hilsa (palla) and tuna fishes. Establishment of data base on fish & fisheries outlook.

Our Targets
Parameter Current 2010 (MTDF) 2010 (2003-2004) (High Road) 2.5 (milk) 3.1 (meat) 28.62 3.2 (milk) 4.3 (meat) 35.86 5.0 (milk) 6.5 (meat) 38.30

Growth rate

Milk
(million tons)

Meat (thousand
tons)

2212

2806

3228

Livestock Development Programs

Legal Framework
De-regulation of milk and meat prices Sale of meat animals on live weight basis Level playing field for local dairy industry Rationalization of electricity tariff and other taxes Quality control of livestock products National standards for livestock and livestock products

Features of Livestock Development

Livestock and Dairy Development Board
Professionally run corporate body (free from unnecessary controls) Facilitate and promote producers owned and controlled organizations for milk and meat production Capacity building of the stakeholders Provision of technical and managerial services Sustained financial base

STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPMENT

Increase in per unit animal productivity Moving from subsistence farming to marketoriented farming and finally commercial farming Covering entire value chain

STRATEGY
Promote competitive livestock sector through improved production , processing and waste management technologies Controlling transboundry and emerging livestock and poultry diseases

Strategic Priority Areas -SPA

We need policy incentives for livestock development for both domestic consumption and export as well as high value added processing of quality livestock products Innovative technologies for livestock development including genetic improvement , feed resource management , efficient and hygienic slaughtering system , animal waste management etc for resource poor and small farm operators

Competitive Livestock Production ?

Globalization and trade Loss of Biodiversity Loss of peoples livelihood Major contribution to poverty reduction Increase skilled manpower , capacity building , germplasm sharing

Controlling Livestock Diseases

Transboundry disease surveillance be improved through better training of staff , accurate and efficient data collection and analysis Early disease diagnosis and control strategies through better knowledge management TAD related regulatory , quarantine policies and emergency preparedness Public awareness campaigns and farmer outreach program on TAD

Why Control TAD ?

Cause of heavy morbidity and mortality losses Production losses , loss of peoples livlihood International trade requirements , food Safety issues

Control of TAD & Epidemics

Need investments in capacity building / Innovative technology for diagnosis and vaccine production for FMD / AI / BSL-3 , SPF eggs Epidemiological / surveillance studies To improve per animal productivity , more opportunities for international trade of livestock and livestock products Reduce risk of epidemics in the region and the world

Covering Entire Value Chain

Establishment of a network of milk collection and chilling centers and refrigerated transport (LB) Feed-lot fattening for beef and mutton production (LB) Establishment of model butcheries in each city (grading system and commercial cuts) (LB) Butchers training in improved flaying techniques (LB) Meat export processing zones Modernization of slaughter houses Encouraging building of slaughter houses in private sector Establishment of slaughter house by-products plants Establishment of disease-free herds Transport for live animals and carcasses

Expected Outcome
Improved per unit animal productivity by

Balanced Feed , Health Management ,Improvement in Genetic Potential ,Fair Marketing More jobs in rural areas , reducing environmental degradation Improved nutrition in rural households Poverty reduction

Conclusion
Livestock has great potential for economic growth, export and poverty alleviation Main features of proposed Livestock Development Strategy are:
Enactment of enabling legal framework Livestock and Dairy Development Board established Ensuring credit availability to livestock farmers Thrust on capacity building of all stakeholders Improving technical back-stopping at MINFAL Restructuring livestock related public sector institutions Promoting commercial livestock farming

Action Plan for:

Productivity enhancement Moving towards commercialization Covering entire value chain

In conclusion , we can say that the if proper measures are taken to address the challenges / problems being faced by the livestock industry we can very confidently say that the future of this sector is very bright and its contribution to our economy can be maximised by adopting the right strategy for implementation of Livestock Development Policy which is already in place

THANK YOU VERY MUCH