Cork 1 Cork, Loriebell A. Mr.

Neuburger English Comp 101-103 06 July 2011 Annotated Bibliography Nuremberg Laws "Survivor's Testimony: Jeanette Kaufmann." Kaufmann, Jeanette. Travelinenortheast.info. Durham County Record Office, 14 Sept. 2010. Web. 3 July 2011. . Jeanette Kaufmann had written a statement about her experience and given it to one of her liberators, Cpt. Stanley Levitt. On the 11th of March 1938, the new laws were placed on the Vienna against the Jews. Not long after the laws were placed, she and her husband had lost their jobs. On top of that, her kids were turned away from the local public school and were no longer allowed to come back, and it was all because her and her family was Jewish. In an attempt to leave the Vienna, Mr. and Mrs. Kaufmann had spent practically all of their savings on visas for the family. They had the unfortunate luck at the fact the Columbian Envoy hadnt done their paperwork with the governments permission. Leaving the after effect of no visas available for anyone. So there was her familybroke and out casted from work and school. The last sentence of her paragraph talking about the Nuremberg laws was, then started the days of evil. I found this information useful because it gave a personal insight of how the Nuremberg Laws affected mediocre families. "The Nuremberg Laws Http://www.HolocaustResearchProject.org."Lisciotto, Carmelo. Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team.2006-2007. Web. 03 July 2011. This article talked about the productive impact of the Jewish population on the German economy. Dr. Schacht, the Economics Minister, didnt understand the necessity to segregate the Jews from the Aryans. First Law (the Nuremberg Law) was created to protect the German blood line and honor. Not long after, the Nazi party had created a Second Law (Reich Law) to show obvious separation of Reich citizens and nationals. In one year, Hitler had begun to introduce one new law after another against the Jews. Slowly yet surely the Jews were losing their human rights after each law was announced. They laws went as abroad from not grantingnew Jewish businesss a contract to actually naming the Jews, Israel (males) and Sara (females) themselves. Existing Jewish business were quick to collapse from financial difficulty or had been sold out to the Nazi-government. I found the article to be extremely useful because it had provided a detailed timeline of what laws were laid out against the Jews. Sharing info as to why the laws were placed proved to be most useful as well.

Cork 2 "The Nuremberg Laws."Jewish Virtual Library - Homepage.The American-Isreali Cooperative Enterprise, 2011.Web. 03 July 2011. This website shares the actual laws that were placed against the Jews for the Germans. The point of the Nuremberg Law was placed because the Germans believed that they had to preserve the German bloodline, therefore placing these laws was believed to help support this belief. Ideally not allowing Jews to sleep, marry or be involved in any way with the Germans. On top of that, German women under the age of 45 were not allowed to work in a Jewish home. The Reich Law followed soon after the Nuremberg Law. This law basically described Germans as Reich citizens and the Jews as nationals, and pointed out the differences of the two races. These differences were pointed out politically announcing that national citizens could not vote nor be allowed to become a Reich citizen. This information would be very helpful to me in my essay because it shares exactly what the laws consisted of word for word. It also helps support the point that Hitler was trying to make in actually diminishing the Jews from the German country by taking away their human rights. "The Nuremberg Race Laws."United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.Web. 03 July 2011. Jews were not defined by religion but more of by descendent. If a person had three or four grandparents then they were Jewish. Some people who had either converted to Christianity and those who hadnt practiced the Jewish religion in years were still held to this new law. This new law had put these people among the Jews and suffered the same fate in the hands of the Jews. While the Olympics were held in Berlin, Hitler had wanted to avoid the chance of shame with international criticism and took down all the Jews Unwelcome signs in public places and moderated the antiJewish attacks. The article elaborated on details of the Nuremberg Laws as well as dates of significance regarding these laws.

I found this information to be helpful by providing me more insight that the Laws didnt only affect people practicing the Jewish religion. The article had more detail of my topic that I could see myself incorporating into my essay. "THHP Short Essay: The Trial at Nuremberg." The Holocaust History Project Homepage. Webmaster@holocaust-history.org, 12 Oct. 1999. Web. 03 July 2011 The Nuremberg Trial was just as big a deal as the Nuremberg Laws. The trial had consisted basically of three steps. The first step was to create the rules for the trial. The Allies (Americans, British, French and Germans) had agreed to a combined procedure for the trial. The second step was the indictment. There were four types of crimes that the defendants were being charged with, conspiracy against peace, crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity. The final step of this

Cork 3 trial was judgment. There was a good debate in regards to what the defendants are actually guilty of. If they were guilty, there was a question of what their punishment should consist of. I found this website to be helpful in regards to the people responsible for the Nuremberg Laws. It would be most effective as resource in providing a conclusion for my essay. "YouTube - Holocaust Survivor David Abrams Testimony." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Interviewed by Florence Shuster. USC Shoah Foundation/ Echoes and Reflections: A Multimedia Curriculum on the Holocaust, 30 Jan. 2009. Web. 05 July 2011. Mr. Abram talked about his experience during the Jewish Law. When the restrictions had been put up, Mr. Abrams first memory of it had been one about his father. It was a German holiday and his father had not put up the national flag up fast enough. In turn, the Nazi soldiers had barged into his home and began to beat Mr. Abrams father. This was just one of the few changes that Mr. Abram had talked about in regards to the Jewish restrictions. His father had to give up his bakery so that a Gentile could bake the bread and not a Jew. A yellow star was forced to be worn and Mr. abram recognized it as a racial joke against his religion. There were curfews for both day and night. A Jew was not allowed a certain time at night, and during the day they were allowed in the market after a certain hour. I found this testimony to be useful to me. The fact that he had to go through such a hard time and exercise strength to share it amazes me. "YouTube - Holocaust Survivor Ruth Brand Testimony."YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Interviewed by Naomi Loebel. USC Shoah Foundation/ Echoes and Reflections: A Multimedia Curriculum on the Holocaust, 30 Jan. 2009. Web. 05 July 2011. Mrs. Brands testimony was of her experience in Romania. Her time there was consistent with bullying at her school because of her religion. Not long after the war started, Mrs. Brand and her siblings were not allowed to go to school anymore because they were Jewish. As a joke, the Hungarians had allowed them to go to school only on the Sabbath. Even though they knew kids were not allowed to attend class during Sabbath. Her mothers local business had suffered since the restrictions placed on the Jews. They were not allowed to sell basic items on the mere fact that they were told, you are Jewish, you cannot be trusted. Mrs. Brand had said soon enough there was not enough food, not enough room not enough anything. I believe this testimony would be useful to me in my essay. It gives insight of the Nuremberg Laws to a different area but still have the same depressing effect on the Jewish population.