m

~
4%

~
Cn,

m m - ' s l p * < * B ~ ~ r n l @ % i i i ~ ~ TR SY.,--~.,W'

=*&4*mmlrnm**& pcinq w 9 ~ * %4 4 3 3 b=q,.ym-t 771

v '
~
~ ~

mq?4m1
~ w ~

* ,
f

fl
n

ivilization and Decay -;n5m5 @W W ) 9Qq TlFI Brooks Adams The ~ ~ 9 m m . s t . , . r t n ~ m m e , ~ ~ m ~ a w m c m w

m ~ ~ ~ ~ C a j r t ~ l C a j r t c ~ ~ ~ ~ m

~4fZi*~sl.*;nnrnlmM~&%Rfi**
" i % ~ . m ; ~ i ~ ~ l ~ , ~ ' ~ Q ! ' W ~ ~ ' 4 * 9 ~ ~ ~

~
WI

R
~

~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r n r n - s m 5 ~ m r n r n ~ ~ m ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e3 mr n ~ ~ q
~ * ~ I

smS?f3wrzr*mg
"England's industrial supremacy owes its origin to the vast hoards of Bengal and the Karnatik being made available for her use ... Before Plassey was faught and own and before the ebb. "(Prosperous India; A Revolution , p. 30). tream of treasure began to flow to England, the industries of our country were at a very low ebb." (Prosperous India: A Revolution, p. 30) " m ~ T m q m v m s l ~ ~ ~ q " g c i & . ns l p W m ~ f mm w
3tWFIR) I

~ ~ c ~ ~ M ~ & % ~ ' ~ T A R I ~ ~ ~ ~ , % T c Q ~ % R s T mm c w s m 4 " ~4 i ~ ~ ~ $ % 5 3 f 4 9 p f i s l (mwi m ~ ~ m ~

This country (Syria) is so backward in the matter of industry that if your watch goes wrong here, you will have to go to a foreigner to get it mended.

wmmsts-'rnmm~~w~-mq~
m ~ ~ ~ 1 4 ~ % ~ r n

m , m - m e w m m m , m q T m ~ ~ w

e
~
6 -

~
~

W
c

m
~

~
m

w
l

~
~

a
~

p
c

m
~

m m m l m ~ m ' i l - ~ * ~ w *

m w r n l q ~ * r n m * ( *
Ten kinds of Predication)
*\3%

~ ~ e ~ ~

~
q

~ n

$
q

% ~

$
r

n n

~
~

w ~ ~

q5 --

*me

W z w * @ STYb s qi~oli~m@?m 43 qqy m * ~ " - ~ l w r n m ~ ~ . ~ m - \ s i i . t . dF[* 3C What is European Civilization?

-3XW8

3T m q Q m mr ma ' -

%-?

~ f i 6 ~ m 9 * w ~ ~
'
I ~

~
W

~
T

~
T W
W%

m
'
1

~
~ '

~
~ ~

3
J ~

T
~ ~

~ ~ ~ , * w * w ~ ~ 1 * 4 m w ' &
63 Gi?Jlvq 33

&&$ eel (Physical Education) at

*atrr1, c w ~ , ? p ~ ~ % ~ ~ ~
f;"Ff;tutm1,*,*,fi,mmw ,4* M

~
k

wF+ m ~ ; f~ ? b w
~ ~ ~

m3mmmx~$?I%m?t*,*mm x rn$?I% m m a% I")

W'~?F~W'*B\~GE;~**$?~-I-[~~% wt * 4" ?\ m w $ e 4 3G q qQwq3 m SV . m wn 4?"\wm T l P P i - m ~3 TT w d I History of European Morals-43 Lecky W : Greek spirit was essentially The

1. Halide Edib: The cohiict of East and West in Turkey, p. 226-227.

->a

rationalistic and eclectic, the Egyptian spirit was essentially mystical and devotional. Wfl? @XW

F4f4i; f?@

=@dhCW ?$& -I q
a e q i t

f$$ m
e

I Apuleius-43 4% The Egyptian deities were chiefly honoured by

M
.

sa e
m ~ * m

lamentations and the Greek divinities by dances. sfla a f l

@
~ ~ ~

The truth of that last part of this very significant remark appears in every page of Greek history. No nation has a richer collection of games and festivals growing out of its religious system; in none did a light, sportive and often licentious fancy play more fearlessly around, the popular creed in none was religiouss terrorism1 more rare, The Divinity was seldom looked upon as holier than man, and a due observance of certain rites and ceremonies was demed an ample tribute to pay to him..

1. W.E.H. Lecw: History of European Morals, London 1869. Vol-1.-P.344-45.

91twmm m 9 4 *
14 m

y+Tt?J q 4
l

4 m

m nt ~ , 3 4 cemq ~ 4 w l +w
t w a ,

mm

- . c m g . p 1 4 i m m ~ I4 m 4 m* w

m-*

a *

-%Ell'% ~ ~ .

qq~+ m C X WB c 9 f m

m\*, lw w ye $ +
mW
f

R?p-

&*~qrnu,I mq - z?Mlm ~

Y W m

l4fiirm ~ ~ F i c p l ~ Q ~ M 4 ~ 4 m y ~

f 3 y m v l t w ~ m l 4 3 R * ~ 4 *

Y-wm,

3T-R Tfh 7a-m w qw' e m 7 t w n m I 43 wvmfsi v?, m TY3$ 4% *-Bmcl 4 I W - T ;rz;t-.rmm a a ~ @ iflsnt m- th q m i

a @

q-wlm ~ 3 4 9 a m*sv,
W ~ ;

p ma m m fk3Xqy m
y q

~ a * c l ~ S t f + p - m - m - m w ~
m4 ~ ~ ~ 4 w ~ m - m C T t m - - Q t ( $ 4 I

& *~'1tl~mw3pq4m.rrFmnml43*m~ % % ~ m a r s n a m m q - t 5 h m c ~
(City-state)

&$

p Ted$ 'QtiSI .qjwm wm '

?lFwll%i ~ m - r n %cgqmflea ' q

Wc??, 9%

m1

; rn;mym c t 4 *'

m - r n m - m M l m m m m 4 7 " \ TAT, X G f h W Anaxagorias G9 W-mmT?S~

~ u . m t~ u . m t a m ; ~ ~ w ~ ~ W m m ~ WE

*
%

a *

4&%m

System of Ethics BQ plf

m w W Y - ~ e & di

c
- 4 3

&

h i + F m & w \ t l ~ m * m m ~ ~ w ~ m ~ ~ ~ ~ r n s

m~ ( ~ 4 ~ m m m ~ ~ ~ *
~ 4 m w ~ o t ~ 4 1 m 4 a w ~ - ~ '

m M m m (FiRvR mw 4 w . m m R *
m 4 ~ * ~ m , ~ * ~ m a

WY43 z n z

mm
~ ~
%

* c a 4 m
~

~ l ~
w

~ ~
~

= p + m m , - w w
~ ~ m i i i ~
~

w 4 % m . s * m m m w ~ , ~
~ ~

~ *
~

, m ,
C
~

a m - C m m I a

3 h

m
~

~ w R m t M ~ M ,
~

~ 7 % at@ q, I 8~ w - m a M c a ~ imt - mt ~ ~ ~ EIITTCW a v z g ~3 qat mm fiil;5t-%+m~a v ~ a f 3 m

~ TN 4m?? w

m-my * J ,

mq m

?*aEav3mgzrnw*l 4 m m m h m ' q l v w m ~ ~ f & ~ ~ f Q B C Q Q * * % & , v a m f a w . s m a w E a v 3 & l ~ ~ ~ T t ~ m c a ; ~ r n ~ a t ~ ~ d c l r n a m - r n c ~ t ~ ' ~ i ~ ~~ ~ f ~ m - a m m l m - m ' s m ~ ' q a a * m: ~ , ~ a ~ * i J l f ~ M l r n * - ~ w , "It is also evident that the Greeks having had for several centuries a
splendid literature, at a time when the Romans had none, and when the Latin language was still too crude for literary purposes, the period in which the Romans first emerged from a purely military condition would bring with it an ascendancy of Greek ideas. Fabius Pictor and Cincius Alimentus, the earliestinative historians, both wrote in Greek ........: :ABe'fYhe conquest of Greece, the political ascendency of the Romans and the intellectual ascendancy of Greece were alike universal. The conquered people, whose patriotic feelings had been greatly enfeebled by the influences I have noticed, acquiesced readily in their new condition, and notwithstanding the vehement exertions of the conservative party, Greek manners, sentiments, and ideas soon penetrate all classes and moulded all forms of Roman life."

m%M4wfs%GQfiilQm.rtlh*f;r*

~ 1 ~ u a C 3 l W ~ t ~ 9 1 f ;~ 9 1 q l % ~ m r n ~ ~ T 6 a

m t - ~ & f % m m ~ ~ ~ ~ f & . r t 1 m-cw =llf+fT EIITTCW a v a w 4% iJlfrjqia

CT m

* & m V W a ~ * c m m l

* - M ~ ~ M ~
f % q % ; 3 t 1 m m w M ~ ~ m * f & 4 B m , ~ ~ ~ w m m m G V r n c l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r
~
?

+ tC m7 W

m m, m m w '

e ~m I a

, m q 4 d m ~ f & G V r n 0 t ~ m m h m & h & n ~ m

~ ~ m ~

"
~ b

~
~

~
~ l

T
~

W
~

~
T

~
R

~
f h

~
g

~
~

W
W

I
$

W m
T

~ ~ g t t b a ~ % " T t , w " \ m * m ' ~ a h m - r n m m q w m M l m - m m CQIY9GYQ q? ?W3FJ 4% m, 8h a J ; i f 3 ; ~ m-$it?@ W3-i miyB qx m 4 a m - m 4 m ZTtfl-mm m4 * m1 wvm Wm WRY

m , m m m m m ~ & , m f s % &

X m yF f W m
T i T

w
i

~ ~

T a q ~ ~ Tr

'
%

&
m

l
&

e'6

B'2h FliXT W V Q q 3 T'R @3 I' Pi% T (Augustine) q 1 r n T ' R m y 4 ~ - S r n m * ~ ~ m ~ h c l m m m a% 4 * W m m f r n a (" l, f

ashT%wC w W R m & mm3. p W i 3 R m 4 q t 4 1 a

mzl-Wm~?*mrnm m m m w GV,
1. Lecky: History of European Morals. London 1869.1. vol. P. 178 2. Lecky: History of European Morals, p. 179.

1. History of European horals, London 1809, Vol. p. 243

country alone. To promote better living for a previleged group, no violence was for the Romans too bad, no injustice too base. The famous 'Roman Justice' was justice for the Romans alone. It is clear that such an attitude was possible only on the basis of an entirely materialistic conception of life and civilization-a materialism certainly refined by an intellectual taste, but none the less foreign to all spiritual values. The Romans never in reality knew religion. Their traditional gods were a pale imitation of the Greek mythology, colourless ghosts silently accepted for the benefit of social convention. In no way were the gods allowed to interfere with real life. They had to give oracle through the medium of their priests if they were asked; but they were never supposed to confer moral laws upon men."

The Roman religion was purely selfish. It was simply a method of obtaining prosperity, averting calamity and reading the future. Ancient Rome prooduced many heroes but no saints. Its self-sacrifice was patriotic, not religious. Its religion was neither an independent teacher nor a source of inspiration. ....

.--

e fQ*-*mm . c ~ ~ g ~ i m m 4 ? O \ ~ ~ ' m m 1 ~ 4 * d W m t % m , m ~ ~ ~ m ~ ~ ~ , ~ m % '4tw p - 4 w e - \ S i ; a f h T w T * I 4 I 4 =N -5 m - mt 2 l e r n ~ ~ & - @ e f l e a m a e & m e c m m % , - c P K W emti3 I \3Vm dTtw Tl, Tl C ms 7 I " ~ 3 IT % m T ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ g 4 * v r n m m m w , m r n W @ R W , * ~ ' ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ & W B I A
1

"at~ ~ ~ B - e ~ W T m, 433x3 ~ ' r n r n r n , qs4-*

cl mq~ w ~ r f~ 4 N n

r
~

n
)

~
s

~
~

9
r

t
s

W Tk$lTt m

G n f T r n j ~ WTR Islam at the Crossroad ( : 7 j ~ ~ 8

&

q4

"....... the underlying idea of the Roman Empire was the conquest of power and the explo'tation of other nations for the benefit of the mother

1. Muhammad AsSd: Islam at the Crossroad, P. 38-39

sl~*-qmccla~rnm\3m~~:my m m m y m3q 4TY - 3 4 4F m 4 m w 7 m

m-rn
~

*
T Y & * ~ w ~

m 9 C?I~TWI~XM ~ 6 , ~

fimm~m m ~ a m m ~ ,m 4-m c 4 ~ ~ 7 t q h q w + t q p m y m wq ? @ = t m amv W 1 G. Qm History of the conflict between

Religion and Science
ZfQ

4T OJ

4-

ak

q:

"When the Empire in a military and political sense had reached its culmination, in a religious and social aspect it had attained its height of immorality. It had become thoroughly epicurean; its maxim was that life should be made a feast, that virtue is only the seasoning of pleasure, and temperance the means of prolonging it. Dining-rooms glittering with gold and incrusted with gems, slaves and superb apparel, the fascinations of feminine society where all the women were dissolute, magnificent baths, theatres, gladiators-such were the objects of Roman desire. The conquerors of the world had discovered that the only thing worth worshipping is Force. By it all things might be secured, all that tool and trade had laboriously obtained. The confiscation of goods and lands, taxation of provinces, were the reward of successful warfare; and the emperor was a symbol of Force. There was a social splen+u_>ytit was the phosphorescent corruption of the Ancient Mediterranean world."

1. Draper, History of the Conflict between Religion a n d Science p.

31-32.

"Place, power, profit-these were in view of whoever now joined the conquering sect. Crowds of worldly persons, who cared nothing about its religious ideas, became its warmest supporters. Pagans at heart, their influence was soon manifested in the paganization of Christianity that forhwith ensued. The Emperor, no better than they, did nothing to check their proceedings. But he did not personally conform to the ceremonial requirements of the Church until the close of his evil life, A. D. 337."1 "Though the Christian party had proved itself sufficiently strong to give a master to the Empire, it was never sufficiently strong to destroy its antagonist, paganism. The issue of struggle between them was an amalgamation of the principles of both. In this, Christianity differed from Mohammedanism which absolutely annihilated its antagonist and spread its own doctrines without adulteration."2 "To the Emperor-a 'mere worldling-a man without any religious convictions, doubtless it appeared best for himself, best for the Empire, and best for the contending parties, Christian and pagan, tapromgte their union or amalgamation as much as possible. Even sincere Christians do not seem to have been averse to this; perhaps they believed that the new doctrinqs would diffuse most thoroughly by incorporating in themselves ideas borrowed from the old, that Truth would assert herself in the end and the impurity be cast off."3

1. J. W. Draper. History of the Confilict between Religion and Science, 1927, p-34-35.

Q S , , 7, 8 0 . . MB
a. WF, 80-85
I

~ ~ m w ~ m - j m * m q l m 9 i 1 $ ~ *

~ q q c m i - f ~ 7 m a b t f m ~m % m m m~
-m44;Rimr-m4mm.o-

~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m @ w m r l a ~ r n ~ l f m ~
~ w g ~ = i a s ~ s G I T 1 4 ~ m t a a t * m ~ i m w ~ .mq VFJm @ q m qwm q'l( q*--m"1w ' fS m m ' q - i - m - m qw -5W-m4% w,m-q4 m-x* W G m v c m

r n w M 1 ~ M 4 m , C ~ m ~ m q ~ m a m 4-QFTiP-m9 m m @ s q am w m
3 s '%%m m, : 4 ' ~ n r? W vt md%-m-t% q f ~ T y m ~ m , ~ i r m m ~ - 9 4 ~ c i4q: m ~ * 1 %History of European Morals
66q-qqzqq ?%%QIWYQQICQQ~ . ..
r j ~ q

q q ~ % + i m m ~ % m r n ~ s a t ~ M q ~ ~ ~ w ~mmm Tim TYQG-IR wmm 3 q a i c c i - t m I m-8

43 @ 4 4 8 m

a my -m-w QP 3

mm I
~ , ~ c ~ m w

my-f ,r - m m ~ - * ~ ~ wnm m m l? m

rnmsYrnFremq~q~m*,w"\

m=iqmm.mcn~w~W~~:~Ri%tin.~-T$~~
myz&'i+prrnTi.ie.~icrmm?r~~~q~&~% - , q m me 4 w 94irm 4t

~:mm

m fa

~ ~ i , ~ a ~ T m 5 . m ; l l ~ 4 w m ( r * m
f * r n f q m 7 q r n ~ ~ w ~ ( m f @ q , i m : 4 3 m

c m m c ~ q qmm 3m c m rn 3w

w-ma V m %mf5?i G , m qb 9 ~ 9 3~- ~ 4 I m ' c m a qq-qqqfrpw (im I ~ l q , wfqW

~
TI-,

w f ~ l R q 43 m a3

cm,a*l

~vc;mq-tmf+immf+mm~sraf%;n~;jm*~~-~, m - p i ~ f, wt-j tz , a Rdkwtw 4 3 M q I 43 m x p fsar QW f J ?T$&W~w -d q k q C S ~ ~TJ@ W

f+i I"'
--

1. Lecky, History of huropean Morals, vol. 2. p. 162-3.

1. Draper, History of the-Canftict between Religion and Science. P.

embarrassment with each other, from Ireland to Bohemia, from Italy to Scotland. The possession of a common tongue gave them the administration of international affairs with intelligent allies everywhere, speaking the same language." 1

" ' vmm wm

~ 9 1 ~

=@m cv7 'QfzT f?Ewm T W - M 9% sm

4 ~ ~ 9 % ~ i f

~
~ m

~
9

m
* 4

,
~ w

m
~

9
m ~

~
m x ~ s

S
m

x
, v

f
q

i
f m

a
~

t
f m r

~
b ~ -

~
s ~ a

~
m

m z m ~

Wiaq~ia ~ ~ ~ m 3 ~ m ~ ~ ~

w tc
~ k ~
Q

w"\
r m ~
m

CW 6
l c c g . i a

3 $SITE6 ~~
~ m e % ~ e
I"

acsr9?o\m&m9wga~,~'emvaJtm
; ~

w 4% 3JtnCI W r
l%q& vf e f f *
4 m * ~ 9

mTqmiFrn dY414 WV q v
M9%, m ~ * w 9% p - t s t

wlsm, y@e%~r.,mm@%qx~~m~mwjmte
m-4f+i-E3

rne TM

E7ffkMQm m m l m 9

mm

fMrn

~ ~ ' m m - W ~ ~ y c ? t . t ' rn 9% ? \ x w@ w *' e @QcI TW o F l R m m 1 4m 3 &, 9 W m \3 f * ~T-R 9F

m
m

m% l .T m g
~ r n r n

c T T T t r n ~ * ~ g n ~ 4 - ~ " , 3 . r
p m q aj m Q - I f + + ~ t 3~ T m ~ ~ & u

C l9 Y d my c C Q9
p ; ; ~ t

C m

m m m w & W m m T f 3 ~ 9 m s r t l Q - I ~

m
~ w

( r l a o \ ~ m m - + m t % d ~ w s ~ m m q ~ q m 4 * ? m o , m m e e m m s 9 e t m m

"Had not the sovereign pontiffs been so completely occupied with maintaining their emoluments and temporalities in Italy, they might have made the whole continent advance like one man. Their officials could pass without difficulty into every nation, and communicate without

m . n Q - I * m * ~ r n l 4 a w ~ , ~ % 4 F m 9 ' a " \ ' Y lW*

1. Draper, op, cit., p. 234-35.

d I S8eo fm-m

hB?FVS,

C W Ch T

Topography

4%

*rn*m1

0[mWIT T3FF C W l f%'SFllW%lW

l ~ m w m
q r- " cl~ \

~mi ' Y T

? ? @

q,Christian

Vf w f+am w T~w-T<,w' a

q p

T?%izm?4~f&4m4~gsm~~14*~wy* wf r3 6. FW tp t m v3 I . 1

m - m

mq+m

vi-+R-+,6~mwf~~twq

4w3m*w~grmmmmQmym,mW
m3-m-m v b = N mt w c w
~ Q b - w 4n w m m rm

F Rm q * * 4 Y 5 - m d m * ? mm w c ~ l a f ' m d $ ~ w l m W t m 1 ~ ~ ~

m Q m a ; c ~ * ~ m 1 4 * m ~ m ~ m
WfFm w fq -q
'l%Gim

mm~arsr!m%!rn~~tmmbm**m~

& 2 6 e ~ ~ c G s h 1 r n ' m - m m ~ %

3br@hm-&**1

stm~lwx%f*~mmwm4%m
m-g"~idmmmtd~*ml43m6t6/ T$T Court of Inquisition i?i~$$ w4 -f l f RE % ?? &*mlcpm9mm"o*T~w~m

mT3-mm m vm - , - i m* ,

V4s-N

~ - B q T w m - m ~ m 1 4 % T d m a

*mCI,an--,
& t

w
f ~

m y m ~ ~ @ m ~ e a o , q m m c m ~ r l o t . r ~ w m q q ~ m l m w ~ e
c & q ~ ~ d r l s ~ @ ~ ~ R 1 ~ 3 ~ hardly possible for a man to be a Christian and die in his b e d . W k 4 (Court of Inquisition) W R ~FlITCTT@I T 5 f% C5 $

r m r m ~ n m t r n w c ~ ) m - ~ ~ * w , q%mr
38b->

f * c >b-osr$m * ~ m w - n a T 1 4 m s n v o ? w -m~m*mvlm*m4ga~

a v R m f+=t%-qm f&w

*wh am-tvM,

4%$ % l

m96M~~\3~~&4*-*w~rn*rn"lW

m~f+7Ti,mTi4ww-mm,m*Vf ~ ' q m m q m m m q * iJqa.,q* wFmim 4%v!j-T,vE 4?Y a e q f q R m s m 4wmm+h s '

~ w ~ ~ % T c ~ ~ ' ~ ~ % , $ ?

~ . * ~ c m * % ~ g ~ e ' c 7 1 4 ~

m m w 3 M m m m \ j l ~ t ~ * ~ , *
vfFprt3 w 9
TCim R - Wt

wycnhQmmf-~m4q~-cyif"lw gnrm c f Q % n W ? @& m a r sqm-sm a

*btfrnrn*l

(Energy) '3

% I 5m

w m 4 ? " \ m % 4 W m q ~ a * m m a w , m q a *,am I 93 a

-* * m**
~ ~ ~ ~

mM ? ; I

GQOmm-*m*w;Jtl

W I M ~ ~ T iIiWWTRR & 4% Gi% h q w g '

~ ~ a

*macmt*~m.n&l TivwRt**a fiyq,f$mt S t q v m ) ~ f h t ~ a ~ c o l i b f i @ 9 f q ~ q4+mm, a ~ ~ q ~ r n a q - 4- w l h - m w q a

~~m;Jtm~m~mm-*ma=u

agpqtcmikb qqym T I W % % T ~ m3t a% j m ~ c i 3 ~ m 9 3 m m ~ a ~ w ?rt ~WWT, T P T ~ \3,mm~w~'sfs~6mm?r I q & w ? R m ~ - T , * 4% 49-Qrn i3m m i q q ~ ~ i w t P W I

**-rn

~ ~ & s u r ~ r n . m m m * * q *

-.raq*8m 4 ~ y ~ ~ ' a4~ a w m m ~ b m r n ~ m l ~ @ q m c m m = ~ a m p a a * w R 4 a p f * m * ~ ~ ~ a * M, clvmtm ~ ~ w ~ R l b @ w a ~ r n & a m, f % M m - a m q m a* m w m m f l w w 4 % W

say m 1 r ( ~ J N

~ ~ m ~ , m m m ~ ~ cv-imTI'T@vF fB.IN a h f hulsiwwisl W C T W W

~ ~ - . ~

r e

1 ~ * 4 ~ ~ M m , ~ a ) s l ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ C % ~ ~ , ~ B ~ S % 4% c m a M k my* a c * m ~ w a 7 3 ~ - a1 q m

~ 4 g c * ~ g m m m a m ~ . a 3 n 4 T R ~ ~ T m X 4 m ga m*, * , * WIT3 a T@m 'kw 4% Oiccm W%%T?-*

rn3
l ~

*
m
WTST,

qw *
m m

TW-?I Se$Vi?RW T'6 C*

T W

3 C%

@$F ? 15 W t m m w q m t , ~ y p t c g m v i r r m e m h M m 6 ~f ~ $ m v i ? , m t aqw ~ - Q O \ T W J ~ W NmI ~ c M I Islam at the Crossroad-43 di7@$ T j C F F ' t c?3TFjTjl .Wf% VAT8
"No doubt, there are still many individuals in the West who feel and think in a religious way and make the most desperate efforts to reconcile their beliefs with the spirit of their civilization, but they are exceptions only. The average Occidental-be he a Democrat or a Fascist, a Capitalist or a Bolshevik, a manual worker or an intellectual-knows only one positive 'religion', and that is the worship of material progress, the belief that there is no other goal in life than to make life continually easier or, as the current expression goes, 'independent of nature'. The temples of this ':cligionl are the gigantic factories, cinemas, chemical laboratories, dancing halls.

hydro-electric works; and its priests are bankers, engineers, film-stars, captains of industry, finance magnates. The unavoidable result of this craving after power and pleasure in the creation of hostile groups armed to the teeth and determined to destroy one another whenever and wherever their respective interests come to a clash. And on the cultural side the result is the question of practical utility alone, and whose highest criterion of good and evil is the material success." 1

' W t l % ~ ~ @ w ~ ~ c r l ~ w

m f B c P t a ~ m v , ~ * o , m x a ~ m m r n ~ B f r nr ? M 4 ? ~ $ @ ? r t & i m . F i . r 4a0,m-t n
~ r ~ f ~ ~ ~ m 1 ~ 9 ~ ~ , ~

mm@t*m~wi,mcmt@f22&

m g - i - k r n ~ m m ~ e ~ ~ "
4 w ~ 4 q A o m F i ~ ~ c m m m Y c

f86Qt~l1mOTtf@dmmmmm;Jt~43
~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ m ~
m f w m l 4*e%

f%%
43q

FGI T i t

mm 3mB 4

m, 9 TJJ JT"\m m Canon B a r r y - 4 3 v m,4T mf * * PI mO e q % I f

4$%Wi@P

* ~ * @ M ~ I ~ W * ~ $ * O U
% R ~ ~ @ i h @ l ~ % dRQ ,$ Tlj ,

~ 1 r 3 ~ ~ w C r J , m m ~ ~ m r n 1
pwmq14 m m e v * * a n k , f 2 * f M ~ r n q M - m ~q4m14?S;R;m
? ' & F R ~ ~ C ? ~ P ~ ~ A ~ ~ ~ % T

~%GF[*-\~WW~

' ' . r F ' s s n ~ ~ ~ W W K ~ - ~ @ % F i 3 ~

+ ~ G;J5 I-m m
1. 61

~
m \ 3

m m v p i m q ; ~I"? t

T I Ci 6 3 Professor m t T%v C.E.M. Joad 6 3 Guide to Modern Wickedne W i

d%Gmt?hwfmmg
1. Islam a t the Crossroads. 5th edition. 55-56.

m'%'

%-rf"~~~rnmm'4W~wrn1wm
a 3 v m * * m m m m m ' m e m ' m e %
1, Guide to Modem Wickedness, p- 114-15,

4 @iM Philosophy of Our Times W 4T m, "w@h % M rns.\rn~wwtm - m r n 6 f + m

~rnTt@\"I-%*&wm% W, W W6Pi7 Theory of Economic determinism. 4% ' 'rifis T i m, -3 ;sr4Gfw vl=qm * mM V ' w t % R a m R6+%? 4% 4% -33Tq$ m Y J+ m ,J * w
4J4qim7

'm'"i* m,W?i

e, e m

w a3 I 4%

rn

* s r m m ~ m ~ i : w a . m T t m m ~ ~ r
*4t-m**~3\st**~mw%
m q I", 4*qq%43--gtnmm, " m * p 4 ? g * w % ~ r n w w m ~ *

4 7 -

T I F

C W G ~ ~ ~ S

8. W Y
S J

Qw
~

m - m mI"?
S S

vw

a TKZ W Y X T ~c* .

?m&
Inside Europe
~ ~ %

v"\TI@F$
Q ~

'~\.mrrr9m54mW\Vw%~~mm
~mmm*f*m~4crp?rml"

L ~ W ~ - % m ~ m - b h l m , ~ ~ m ~ ~
7 ~ $ * 1 ~ m 4 ~ ~ , m * m * . r n h & m ~ l m m ~ m * ? l n m

%--

w - v 4-

r 4% n

R3-m m,
r n l ~ 4 ~

wmmczi@m cs,
g
**I

q a m m e ~ ~ ' 6 3 3 ? ~ * ~ m , ~ 9 ~ a m +n m Fr z lf' % ~ m m m w w ~ ~ q ~ ~ m m ~ n

q ~ & & " n ~ ~ m f h % 8 % q f % % ~ qa i y C ~ 1 ~

~ 4 $ $ m ~ * ~ 4 e q W m v 4 ~ 5 $ 1 W m ' Q t \ " 1 M ~

cm*mq*y~ia

m *

wf qFri, w

cmmm

w"\~'~T"~F~cQ I

*m
w

mm
-

msi-wm sm,

1. Philosophy for our ~ i m e spp-338-40, ?. WP I .

w @@, CTTt*,&&F

w~

4%

y\3q117~mgt"\~,.m0,mom,4~~4*~.S ~ ~ . 9 1 ~ - 1 ~ t ~ % m w ' e * - * m
Tf%X

c ~ i - v v t p ~ r n ~ ~ ~
" JPm T h
Tt%Ti B Q I~W3f9FFC.E.M. Joad TiFIT o" ~ ~ c ~ w
Ti W R ' W

* 5 TiTG? 4 Ca (Origin of Species) ~ m d ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ r n m m m T=mF7 fl- f+7, -lf * met m (W\?t rn met

W T37 VX
E?% ~ +
*MI

m),y@ C h i 3 3

f%?R (Amoeba)
C m

(Jelly fish)-qq s , ~ ~

a m
+

cqw,me~~-avfl~wf%iwm&mm

mfl14wf33 rgsrym%mdvtfk*m m* f -srQmm-fs 4m m q ' ~ " \ f i r s i43% m I History of Morality-431 G[ w, " m @ e %T@ T 3

m 3" a1 -

& flmq wi-wFm

**m m
s ~ s J

4% 4%

T F @ F T ~ ~ ~ P I ~ ~ $ % T ~ F ? I ~ ~ C ~ ~ S ~ ~ G m m w m m m 4 % e m , ~ ~ ~ i r l 4 m
@ @ ~ @ ~ ~ ' % Q ' ~ ~I ~

m* m WE?, sry3"lm r m m', w\m, Ct , & ~ f & k m & ~ ~ + m ~ h f % % a .rFssrtcmmav~~q%~mm~1f2~-q.zh

~
n m
>.Guideto Modem Wickedness, p. 235-236.

UIQILYQ

"Europe once had the same kind of cultural and religious unity as India in the earlier days of Christianity. But when in the 15th century the new learning of the Renaissance and the new movement for religious reform known as the Reformation began, because it had no constitutional unity, Europe fell into pieces and has since then remained divided into those national sovereign states whose strifes and wars are not only the ruin of Europe itself, but the principal threat to the peace of the world ...."

~ ~ f % X d ~ u f ; i \ 3 o ~ ~ l - h W i ? i ' % 3 T ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ' ~ " \ m a v m . p q x R m , @ q q ~ qmigmv-3 e ~

n'ww%V

".........The decline in the authority of religion, the indispensable guide of man, the one source which can give more purpose and nobility and meaning to life of man, explains, at least in part, why the Western World has given its allegiance in the recent decades to new political gospels based on race or class, or has pinned its faith on a form of science which admittedly is almost wholly concerned with advance in the material plane, with making life more rather than less expensive and complicated. And it explains, also in part, why Europe finds it so difficult to attain to that unity in spirit and life which would enable it to rise above the spirit of exclusive and militant nationalism which is its principal bane today." 1

~ s w m m l m ~ ~ ~ ~ c * T h ~ ' s d * m ~ ~ ~ M + w q m - t ~ c s ~ a ~ , ~ ' ~ . o
. s ; m ; r ~ ~ ~ a r n ~ ~ . f i ~ a ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

m m-wq3

%mm 4% w*

c m %-$% m

M%, 4% am ar m a
Wf$Ej CW37FiR -

m m M , 3mEt-~,@ 8j*
B f M~ . ~ V T - S Y-TT&l $& , ~,

$ k R TPW

>. Convocation Address, A!:garh Musllim University, 29-38

- ~ & 3 L ; O L
1. Guide to Modem Wickedness, p. 150-5 1..

fii;zgM~8mf;Pm.m*mma.ra'm mi~-q* w ~ m m e 3 4% w i h a g tw w

&*\m*amm,m-mw-m
>.G u ~ d to Modern ~ i c k e d n e s sp e ,
152-3

m-mw - ma\rr-mpl-@mr n q
Q

$416

c W m TTV qrqa?% w qmte8 aay 3 - v f i ~ q * " i F J T F T s c 7 F~f j ~ ~ % % F + F 4 ~ qf%~~fm ata w sm a?, Stw w Mwsfl~iTt, m-m m m - m3 o,c m - * ml wm 2?mm-m& q

"mm m * m

spscsa 4

3 ~ q ~ i ~ ~ w ' a m s u ' y ~ m

a~R.h.;~mmm-mmwmm3Yrnw
m ~ m ~ ~ 1 m f ? w - ~ f k i ~ s f f r t r ; 7 j - ~ ,

~ w ~ m ~ ; r t m ~ - m a ~ m - ~ l z ' ~ s ~ ~ ~ m
~r~~%~~rnrnmr-wo-tfh~~~%rn
=.qRmwf-m%mm~9inw~srp~af-p1i %rn I 3i4-&Pi$ w 3-g@-w* ~ w -&+F? TFm3 6

m 4 a ~ w m m q m q~mfasii;@iwm.tr;~l~nm 1 45 vmmi%~ m - w m w ~ q - d ~~ r n W 4% c Y T aay &+~@m a& v Rfimepyy w vwrnmamtm w ~ a a ~ v ~ ~ ~ w m ~ g ~ f & , ~ t m j a m m m acwtC6 flpmwa I 43 u.l rn a$ * &f* ' q !j@q7
~ m R w F i m y m m ~ , S k m a & t w ~ c l l a p ~

p m
~

QlqqvTyc23 2 F R n R
X \ ~ T C

4% mom w ~ ~ I W ~

m mV Y
~ ~ ~

cm y

' ' m m e m @ ~ m ~ m , m p m
&m~*.m.rw'J*mern~pmmmaga%
m , . i i

a ~ ~ , m 4 m m ~ *Q %$ q 4Fi3?3 3373" (g8 SO) 430, ~ 3 m ~ ~ 7 4 V ~ m m * ; ~ r a - r

. r t . ; r ~ ~ m ~ e ~ m * m & e 4 S f B C d T s i m

m m q f + J ~ a f % ~ a ~ ~ c l l ~ ~ m ~ 4m7t-m d , wztg ~m?ti%i fs; 3 m c m , m c m

4QmmGQilm.mm,mwm4%~m3~ ci ;-1 VREI m~pi m a L&$IL!>I i P j ''w wmt W - R &%qm w-m, a 'q w1 (* . "gs b8) 4 m 37 E W mm 4sm m I Y m L Q , '% ~ @ ~ m , ?pm4 3 . , - y t a m e q im ~ s~ti~m I ~ ~ (q)-qawm s n r

,, :

" m m m ~ , w * 4 % m w ~ m
m ~ @ * ~ m w r n m m ~ p ~ ' S r n r ~ t ; ~ m

mmbmmg~fiwq14*mm
~

m c w
~ 4

a 4% 4-4; Tqm-"I
4 ' l ~

c m
'

~ ~ -lRm TqtmPR m-km

T f ? 1 3 ~ T B%

~
~ f % 3 ~ ~

& W F ~wm~*lw~~s~tm4m~~mi'4'lttl
2 ~ $ % ~ ~ % m ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ p l ~ q m q m r n
~
~

; ' I &W3

W ~ W (Big Ben)

~
~

9
-

~
~

a
~

s
l

'

4
~

'

l
~

m
~

~
m

m
1

~
4

1
~

r
-

~
m 4 3 ~

qw4-tm*m~YTo;yl*kxrn~*lmv'4'l m,*n W IM f @ ~ . w 4 m 4 3 i ~ * ~ 4 i n % a

~
2 2

R
~ h

m m m m 1 2 * m ~ y m
~ ~ I ~ Q ~ m w p ~ ~ " S ~ m + d i a ~ w ~ ~ * ~ T " \ ~ ~ C T

C ~ ~ m I

~t~n,qw4-tq~mq~rn&m~m~mf+m-t

- m - m ~ m c ~ r n ~ m ~ m ~ ' ~ f ; l ~ m m
~4?o\m*~%w7m*l
"4mc?m*mmmmw?* %'WWl TT T@ VkTi * I I OT W 4 M CTIhFhT Pending Sands-43 '3% f%73 % Y' % M 3 '

~ ~ a m m ~ m m c m m ~ ' *

~,TYt5jra*ai~&,Wf8.\?t91rnB*~*i1

mv*srnanccla~~*~~*m,~,~

m ~ ~ h , m M * w m ~ m w 4 ~ *. Guide to modern wickedness, p. 263-63. I

-> 9

'%%KT% (Disrae1i)-3 b - C W q 4t m , ga T$S? W cTmI?mmM,m~*mm1~9tsmci~.

& a f + F ~ ~ g t -

qc~m-~mm,m~4-t*mm
mtv4-t.ttm*m~mvl
~ f i l m Q. mq,Qo-Q> 7. ~ W ~ , m ~ 3-R m I"' -m - * a
1. Guide to modem wickedness, p, 241.

~rm.rmqm-t,&..mrn-rna~-*~
~ 4 r n a ~ ~
1. Man, the unknown, p ~el*-03,; ,

439~.r~* m m , e , * 4 ? ~ m m ( 2 1 m m m

1. Guide to modem wickedness. p.

' * e 9 r ~ 4 - ~ s t * ~ w m ~ m q

- , m & ~ ~ ~ m ~ M *
**e-m'VfZirnmqb-m
=iTmmk.rri;'~~*krn%*mvtm Ik mmAtomic plague m q "m* rim?

sr;6awt~mwc~mm~mql43m

*kMmX

1. The Srvesman, Septen-wr, 16,1945.

-&3+4+'99
O I
0 ,

b
43

~
43 gfS

~ ~ ~ ~ + ~ m w - w m m f %
(rn),W; mmqm;n"

( q a r r n , ,9b) I

w R qq?ap F @FWT m *qcf ' aq m t 8 m f e l r * * ~ * afrW * m ~ ~ sr a m 4 m m ; l i w

* a w i ~ ~ p i ~ m q t ~

m * mq

T f %-vfT-l-m'*t, Ft

vfaW-?$k+q~qa~m~rn

\ 3 ~ ~ , . s m t ~ 3 ~ ~ g s l 4 7 . , - ~ m

* w c ~ ~ 1 ~ r l v i m w ~ r r a ~ t e ~ m m m* t q*T+VQTm- 4%% Q sycfgcq rn ~ m m ~ ~ ~ m m ~ f S m @ , m m m O m T q m V -w Fm-43 4 q - a &?fmkq T m q 4t mm?

->*LA 1
m4~ ,
fSb

O P O G -

,I $ 5 .?

~ 1 G l c ~ l + l S c w Y 9 > ~ l ~ ~ d l

..

t o - .

m60rn1"(Tv, bo)
4%43,9ftrn

-4*fQ$-M~w'3h*I?m -stmr.rm~3rn~jm 4 s ti m f . ~ m qrn

9fSifim.tff*mcm-i&h~~~~v~ ~ f l * s n m m m ~ r ~ ~ q ~ a

?.

4.

3 -

w i (Tid?), d m-vi w% s m, (qqm) I-*. m I B

(T. '*bb

R.) I

43 4 * t Y mqa, (q, >$asW.) I c*

~ ~ ( ~ ~ ~ ~

) ~ ~ Q I s P ~ + ~ ~ ~ ~ s
' )

a t 3 $"mi mfa. ~ ~ P ~ ~ A

*-am
' s

~ ~ ~ m m m a m ~ m m ( m c m r n ~ ~ ~ ~ r n + m m ~ QIpi=l;mrrn) 4~tq*m*cifs;~flmwm* ~ m ~ r n ~ ~ i m q ~ m ~ ~ m d ~ * * m m ~ r n ~ w r n q ~ m ~ f i r . ~ ~ m & m , ~ ~ m m

G ~

n a m ~ \ ~ ? ~ ~ & m r% ~ t~ w cl m m ? ~
43% ~

s s t ~ - . m t - ~ ~ ~ M e m c w

mmF$h~Cm@33Ri%?@~ 4~mm

e d f i m - m ~ q * - m e r n l i%q s%-m.r m ~ t m w , ~ ~ ~ vT F m~ Tt 43te G F

m4 3 m , 4?o\--Wd W~~AMW* r n m m v w t a f 3 + m ~ m m q ~ m ~
T ? ~ C S ~ R I W ~ Q ~ M ( ~ ) ~ ~
e * m f m C \ w f l , m m i % ~ ~ ~ ~ e

~ & ~ t - ~ j m ~ e ~ ~ ~ w o . ~ ~ c l ? e @ t w ~ m
m m ~ q ? l ~ n q q p % m ~ ~
1. Islar~ the Crossroads, the tragedy of Europe, at

(w 'Tm Fq
TWiB~W

+mr~lsmj~cm*, . o > , m m = , * = q l q
r n l

s . r ~ m ~ ~ m ~ m k ~ , m B . , a
~-'sfta;;r@rn43mmm*rn*.li?a gim%vm f l h c c jrra 4q"\ ml

m% ~6 @??!Isy27 4%~ 1 4 TQ$lT ,

HM

* a

a 3q-R ' 3w lq

mm;stmqmBt?!I-l'@ah%mmBo\at
4 m wJviP%m TW d7fjf;~ .slFF-c+34% F f f V 3 6 a 4 % ~ * - ~ T + ~ w r n l m * ; r t w a m ~ * * * ~ m i m 0 1 % 3 m ~ wllqT c a f3-Q v- - * fi' i ? Y ibc s m W+%%T sl"\vt";-sl"\w'~ 4% 4 % ~ ~ m m M m m ~ a *

m +&,

~~'w$mi(\~~~~rnw$s@
m l 4 ~ ~ c d i t ? F B e * ~ r l 4 a * m ? m , m **sm~pm<q3'SRqlil8sf*Pllifim,
~ m c l c m m ~ 4 % m m .mt3 a% ml c mm, T* *-mih, a m ~ % m m ~ c m ? m i ( , ? t m m w ? m l ~ ~ a

m-*

m 4 % r n , m m " \ 4 r l m e M T m P 4 T t w

~~mtmFmwma,~%h~m-+Wj,Me+m
@m v f
a . s r m Em, t * c T ! w - ~ m 4% m - M a % w i ~ \ ~ ; fi cw i ~r im Tm ?tam-mfi Em * % m 1 ~ 4 % * 4 3 ~ m ~ ? m , & ~ w 4 3

~ ~ m a 4 T m ~ 4 w ~ t a q m f ; r v c m

rn

m a . r n 1

% r n * m ~ hmma*q~f-qa~$ 4m @*T l y w GT? m vif%z* * d i -.

~ ~ i i : 1 ~ 5 a g r m Gn, 43 m-I~3bF wPi3 m m=q w ~ % ~

w@m~fla~rm*w*~rnwql&q Rm-tr @ I c vi&wiq%3 * 1 4%& rimS.rm-$fi@

wzw

m.rfm mix I
w 4
o

-Wt4*~Wlw4ao,i?3mtw~~aq~

~
~

~
~

i
~

c
I

~
%

m41ahm4m,w~mm'~m'Stym
w

w-Rf+m wbnwmx~
WVY % na W %

Q 51

% r n $ f t i ~ ? l @ , T&T %W-ITFT u ' ~ ( y = i \ t ? r n

m3wPmrnl

=sP<-'?~>d

. ,+&:I
0 $0

3 1
,0
<

4,
<

>- 1
,

0 9

y3
r

rn*mMwR-bm,m**
WT-@
B 05WtGTtV

W 4~ ~* 1 4, *

GTT*~ ~m z t

/
I

q , c ~ ~ c m m m m 6 m m @ ,
c~i-cm 4wkc~a @@-R a =@TFT CTM 4% zi-qc~
~ % t h

em&**4%~~*er~itm~"~~im-,fQja m m-ae vi-qma v ~ 4 mm3 q, a 66n ~ TEI mim

r n ~ r n ~ ~ r n q ~ m ~ ~ 4*~~WMm,fi*m**~-w*
e * - ~ e ~ . r r . m ~ & * c m , ~ B * e

~ * m ~ m ~ * ~ q , c m *
~ a c ~ ~ s l ~ ~ ~

m c l r n m s ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ w m~ciev%O\'~t~e~~rn.rt I

~ f % m ~ ~ m q m m ~ ~ m , m m m m * s ,f;TW, $3 f;fgrt-d Ppi *9pkxq - , l m

mm.-*sm
~ ~ ~ e r n ~ m m r n q m m ~ r n

T - t h W \ 3 u c * * ~ l

M 7 1 1 ~ m r n ~ ~ ~ 3 e q w s ~ o , m \ ~ 3 m m

'

ma, m-m, WPm, m, %rn m

mm

* ~ ~ m m m - + t c q ~ ~ ~ q ~ " \ ~ i ~ w c m

W~IT~%M\~W&V~I

O f> f

; JI-13

, ,

0 s s

,D,,

, , a

?GL+-Lc3

+13j13

&ly13

?,

+ GL+1+l +i3
0 ,

,o,,

o>,Y',l,

& ;

L,t 3

TGh

m Qly w 3 - i y 7 - m - 4 3

R w f+Ft
y
9 m

m
T *

m, ma7

T?wmm rn p ~

mt**mm

9fi-dmh T' M

m*
l

Ti3
~

m q,d m m 4T
~

w l ?v t w3 , T
1 4
I

alo,Fmci"l m a T-EKw
m - q 4 * 9

eq*

TvmFR m 3 ~q.m'yCTnhr a

** m
f *

m a m

m, 4% m
s~

m%'

w-$stn%ae~*m

m
* ,

m m; s mi l c , r m s

7 mR -.c.i=t.r m srram

*m * $m m?p
srramTi%m*m

m'w,

qw-t, Tdt*
m
"3

c i (3)-43 w3 rn4'i+d+~I
w % a
(3), T t a m

*M l - 5

srtam VQy

m (a),
q6 %

a t 9 m s 1 t m

m m* *m

(3)-43 W W

Tgl3

mfl
ma%I

srt@Thln R T 4% q t a w
(3)-43

m (3)
w *
+ mq @ P

>a?> 3n?m

V'W

mI R*
3g

mfh

P m t

3llvmsh

a e m

-iTmytg*rnmql