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1.0/sp00e230.

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Hanford Electrical Safety Program Arc Flash Calculator

This Excel file combines arc flash equations from a proposal to NFPA 70E-2003 with simplified equations to calculate available fault current. This tool uses methods that have been shown to result in conservative estimates of fault current, which should result in conservative estimates of arc incident energy if appropriate arc fault clearing times are used. An IEEE 1584 equation is used to calculate arcing fault current. That is the fault current value that is used to determine the clearing time of the overcurrent protective device ahead of the potential arc fault location. Electrical engineering should be consulted to obtain information on fault clearing times. This spreadsheet is not intended to replace existing up to date fault studies or support of experienced electrical engineers, but is one tool that can assist engineers, planners, and electrical safety POCs in performing a flash hazard analysis. Arc flash calculation is not an exact science and caution is always necessary, including use of multiple alternate methods that are available to verify results and ensure the highest level of safety based on the best information available.

According to the NFPA 70E Technical Committee on Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces, This proposal presents the best information available to date on arc fault hazards. Public review and comments are strongly encouraged. Recent testing has enabled development of improved equations for calculating the arc flash incident energy at the arc flash boundary. While the testing and development of methods is not complete this proposal contains methods that reflect significantly more laboratory data than the existing methods and will allow improved safety. This calculator is for use only with systems operating at less than 1000 volts. If any doubts exist on use of this spreadsheet, or to perform a flash hazard analysis on systems operating at more than 1000 volts, consult with an electrical engineer or other knowledgeable person.

Question/comments? Contact Electrical Safety (371-7886)

1.0/sp00e230.xls

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1.0/sp00e230.xls

(5/07)

HESP Arc Flash Calculator

Short Circuit and Arc Flash Calculator


(<1000 volts only)

Arc-In-Box energy = cal/cm2 at specified working distance Flash Protection Boundary (inches) where arc incident energy = 1.2 cal/cm2

Input: Xfmr KVA: Xfmr Secondary Line to Line Volts: Xfmr impedance %: Fault Clearing Time (seconds): Conductors per phase: (S)ingle conductors or (C)able: AL or CU: Conductor length: Conductor AWG or kcmil Magnetic conduit (Y or N): Fault Clearing Time (seconds): Isc at beginning of circuit (Amps): Conductors per phase: (S)ingle conductors or (C)able: AL or CU: Conductor length: Conductor AWG or kcmil: Metallic conduit? (Y or N): Fault Clearing Time (seconds): Flash Calculation Location: Transformer ID: Panel ID: Branch Circuit ID: Other Equipment ID: @ Isc at fault (Amps) = 0 Isc at fault (Amps) = @ arc fault current (Amps) @ Xfmr FLA = Xfmr 3-Ph ISC (Amps)= arc fault current (Amps)

Transformer
Feeder Branch Circuit

Enter working distance (inches):


Arc-In-Box Incident Energy: Flash Protection Boundary:

18

Enter working distance (inches):


Arc-In-Box Incident Energy: Flash Protection Boundary:

18

Enter working distance (inches):


Arc-In-Box Incident Energy: Flash Protection Boundary:

18 0.00 0

arc fault current (Amps)

Scroll down to enter equipment ID information

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Three single conductors, 600-volt AWG or kcmil 14 12 10 8 6 4 3 2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0 250 300 350 400 500 600 750 1000 Copper Conductors Conduit Steel Nonmagnetic 389 389 617 617 981 981 1557 1558 2425 2430 3806 3825 4760 4802 5906 6044 7292 7493 8924 9317 10755 11423 12843 13923 15082 16673 16483 18593 18176 20867 19703 22736 20565 24296 22185 26706 22965 28033 24136 28303 25278 31490 244828 280499 AWG or kcmil 14 12 10 8 6 4 3 2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0 250 300 350 400 500 600 750 1000 Aluminum Conductors Conduit Steel Nonmagnetic 236 236 375 375 598 598 951 951 1480 1481 2345 2350 2948 2958 3713 3729 4645 4678 5777 5838 7186 7301 8826 9110 10740 11174 12122 12862 13909 14922 15484 16812 16670 18505 18755 21390 20093 23451 21766 25976 23477 28778 192096 213475

Three-conductor cable, 6 AWG or kcmil 14 12 10 8 6 4 3 2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0 250 300 350 400 500 600 750 1000

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Three-conductor cable, 600-volt Copper Conductors Conduit Steel Nonmagnetic 389 389 617 617 981 981 1559 1559 2431 2433 3830 3837 4760 4802 5989 6087 7454 7579 9209 9472 11244 11703 13656 14410 16391 17482 18310 19779 20617 22524 22646 24904 24253 26915 26980 30028 28752 32236 31050 32404 33864 37197 284982 307338 AWG or kcmil 14 12 10 8 6 4 3 2 1 1/0 2/0 3/0 4/0 250 300 350 400 500 600 750 1000 Aluminum Conductors Conduit Steel Nonmagnetic 236 236 375 375 598 598 951 951 1481 1482 2351 2353 2948 2958 3733 3739 4686 4699 5852 5875 7327 7372 9077 9242 11184 11408 12796 13236 14916 15494 15413 17635 18461 19587 21394 22987 23633 25750 26431 29036 29864 32938 213707 227951

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Source (except as noted):

Bulletin EPR-1, Electrical Plan Review Cooper Bussman, May 2000 Pages 8 - 10 http://www.bussmann.com/library/docs/EPR_Booklet.pdf (KVA * 1000) / (EL-L * 1.732) (((KVA / 1000) * 106) / (1.732 * EL-L)) * 100 / Z%) (1.73 * L * IL-L-L) / (C * EL-L) 1/(1 + f) ISC at xfmr * M

Xfmr FLA =

*3-Ph ISC at xfmr =


"f" factor = "M" = 3-Ph Isc at fault =

(*NFPA 70E, 2000 Edition, Appendix B, Section B

where: EL-L = phase-to-phase voltage Z = transformer nameplate impedance, in percent L = length of conductor to the fault IL-L-L = available 3-phase short circuit current at beginning of circuit C = constant from "C" Values sheet (multiply by number of conductors per phase for parallel runs) "f" factor = calculated variable from source document formula M = calculated variable from source document formula

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A 70E, 2000 Edition, Appendix B, Section B-2-1)

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References: The Other Electrical Hazard: Electrical Arc Blast Burns, R. Lee, IEEE Trans. Industrial Applications, Vol 1A-18. No. 3, Pa 246, May/June 1982.

The Use of Low Voltage Current Limiting Fuses to Reduce Arc Flash Energy, T. Neal, V. Saporita, T. Macalady, R. Doug Borgwald, Record of Conference Papers IEEE PCIC-99-36.

Predicting Incident Energy to Better Manage the Electric Arc Hazard on 600 V Power Distribution Systems, R. L. Dought E. Testing Update on Protective Clothing & Equipment For Electric Arc Exposure, R. Doughty, T. Neal, T. Dear, A. Bingh Record of Conference Papers IEEE PCIC-97-35.

Testing Update on Protective Clothing & Equipment For Electric Arc Exposure, R. Doughty, T. Neal, T. Dear, A. Bingham Record of Conference Papers IEEE PCIC-97-35. IEEE Std. 1584TM-2002, IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations, IEEE Industry Applications Society

Proposal 70E-157a - (Annex XXX), Log #CP8, submitted and accepted by the Technical Committee on Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces TC substantiation statement: This proposal presents the best information available to date on arc fault hazards. Public re and comments are strongly encouraged. Recent testing has enabled development of improved equations for calculating t flash incident energy at the arc flash boundary. While the testing and development of methods is not complete this propo contains methods that reflect significantly more laboratory data than the existing methods and will allow improved safety. Equations:

B-2 Basic Equations for Calculating Incident Energy and Flash Protection Boundary Distances of Equipment.

The following equations can be used to predict the incident energy and flash protection boundary distances prod by a three-phase arc and the flash protection boundary distance for that arc, based on the voltage range. The parameters required to make the calculation are: (a) The maximum bolted fault three-phase short circuit current available at the equipment, (b) The total protective device clearing time (upstream of the prospective arc location) at the arcing current, (c) The distance of the worker from the arc for the task to be performed. Voltage Range: Vo < 1000 Volts
Calculation: Equation:

*Ia Ei Db

lg Ia = K + 0.662 lg Ibf + 0.0966 V + 0.000526 G + 0 Ei = 416 Ia t D


1.6

Db = (416 Ia t / 1.2)0.625

* Ia equation from IEEE 1584lg Ia K Ibf V G

is the log10

where: Vo is the open circuit voltage of the system, Ia is the arcing current in kA, Ib is the bolted fault current (from 0.6 to 106 kA), Ei is the incident energy in cal/cm , D is the distance of the worker from the arc in inches (18 inches or more),
2

is arcing current (kA) is 0.097 for box con is bolted fault current f is system voltage (kV)

is the gap between con

1.0/sp00e230.xls

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t is the time of arc exposure in seconds, and Db is the boundary distance in inches from the arc (distance where incident energy is 1.2 cal/cm 2). Other Information:
Calculation of Incident Energy Exposure for Open Air Arcs. The incident energy from open arcs can be better calculated through calculation programs that are commercially available in the marketplace. Most equipment incident energy values would be of the arc-in-box type, since a majority of work on voltages up through 15000 volts is in motor control cabinets, pad-mount switches, and other enclosures.

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tions, Vol 1A-18. No. 3, Page

rita, T. Macalady, R. Doughty, K.

on Systems, R. L. Doughty, T. T. Neal, T. Dear, A. Bingham,

Neal, T. Dear, A. Bingham,

ry Applications Society

ittee on Electrical Safety

rc fault hazards. Public review equations for calculating the arc is not complete this proposal will allow improved safety.

tances of Equipment.

boundary distances produced voltage range. The

ent, the arcing current,

+ 0.000526 G + 0.5588 V (lg Ibf) 0.00304 G (lg Ibf)

quation from IEEE 1584-2002 where:

is the log10 is arcing current (kA) is 0.097 for box congurations is bolted fault current for three-phase faults (symmetrical RMS) (kA) is system voltage (kV) is the gap between conductors, (calculator uses 25mm = 1 inch)

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are commercially type, since a majority nd other enclosures.

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Typical Flash Protection Boundaries for 3-Phase, 480-volt systems (Arc-in-Box) Clearing Calculated Flash 3-Phase Bolted Time Protection Boundary (inches) Fault Current (kA) (sec) Arc in a Box 0.05 50 0.10 0.20 0.05 48 0.10 0.20 0.05 46 0.10 0.20 0.05 44 0.10 0.20 0.05 42 0.10 0.20 0.05 40 0.10 0.20 0.05 38 0.10 0.20 0.05 36 0.10 0.20 0.05 34 0.10 0.20 0.05 32 1.0/sp00e230.xls (5/07) 52 81 125 51 79 122 50 78 120 49 76 118 48 75 115 47 73 113 46 71 110 45 69 107 44 67 104 42 Arc Incident Energy cal/cm2 at 18 Inches Arc in a Box 6.63 13.26 26.52 6.44 12.89 25.77 6.25 12.50 25.00 6.05 12.10 24.20 5.84 11.69 23.37 5.63 11.26 22.52 5.41 10.82 21.64 5.18 10.37 20.74 4.95 9.90 19.81 4.71

32

0.10 0.20 0.05

65 101 41 63 97 39 61 94 38 59 90 36 56 86 35 53 82 33 51 78 31 48 74 29 45 69 27 41 64 24 38 58

9.43 18.85 4.47 8.94 17.87 4.22 8.43 16.86 3.96 7.91 15.83 3.69 7.38 14.77 3.42 6.84 13.68 3.14 6.28 12.57 2.86 5.71 11.43 2.57 5.13 10.26 2.27 4.54 9.07 1.96 3.93 7.85

30

0.10 0.20 0.05

28

0.10 0.20 0.05

26

0.10 0.20 0.05

24

0.10 0.20 0.05

22

0.10 0.20 0.05

20

0.10 0.20 0.05

18

0.10 0.20 0.05

16

0.10 0.20 0.05

14

0.10 0.20 0.05

12

0.10 0.20

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0.05 10 0.10 0.20 0.05 8 0.10 0.20 0.05 6 0.10 0.20 0.05 4 0.10 0.20

22 34 52 19 30 46 16 25 38 13 19 30

1.65 3.30 6.61 1.33 2.67 5.34 1.01 2.02 4.04 0.68 1.36 2.72

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