Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

Accessing the WAN Chapter 2

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Objectives
Describe the fundamental concepts of point-to-point serial communication including TDM, demarcation point, DTE-DCE functions, HDLC encapsulation, and serial interface troubleshooting. Describe PPP concepts including PPP layered architecture, PPP frame structure, PPP session establishment, multiprotocol encapsulation support, link control protocol (LCP), network control protocol (NCP), and Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP). Configure PPP on a serial interface including enabling PPP encapsulation, verifying the PPP connection and troubleshooting encapsulation problems.

Configure PPP authentication including explaining PAP and CHAP authentication protocols, configuring PPP authentication using PAP and CHAP, and troubleshooting PPP authentication problems.

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 Concept of serial communication as the basis of WAN technologies

Fundamental Concepts of Point-to-Point Serial Communication

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Fundamental Concepts of Point-to-Point Serial Communication

TDM and STDM

STDM uses a variable time slot length allowing channels to compete for any free slot space.
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Fundamental Concepts of Point-to-Point Serial Communication

Demarcation point

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Fundamental Concepts of Point-to-Point Serial Communication

DTE and DCE

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Fundamental Concepts of Point-to-Point Serial Communication

WAN Protocols

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Fundamental Concepts of Point-to-Point Serial Communication

Configure HDLC encapsulation on a router

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Fundamental Concepts of Point-to-Point Serial Communication

Troubleshooting a serial connection

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Fundamental Concepts of Point-to-Point Serial Communication

Troubleshooting a serial connection

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Fundamental Concepts of Point-to-Point Serial Communication

Troubleshooting a serial connection

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Point-to-Point Concepts
PPP in terms of its use in WAN links

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Point-to-Point Concepts
General function of each layer of PPP architecture

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Point-to-Point Concepts
Purpose and format of each of the fields in a PPP frame

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Point-to-Point Concepts
Three phases of PPP session establishment

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Point-to-Point Concepts
Role of the LCP in PPP

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Point-to-Point Configuration Options

LCP Options
Authentication - Peer routers exchange authentication messages. Two authentication choices are Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) and Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP). Authentication is explained in the next section . Compression - Increases the effective throughput on PPP connections by reducing the amount of data in the frame that must travel across the link. The protocol decompresses the frame at its destination. Two compression protocols available in Cisco routers are Stacker and Predictor.
Error detection - Identifies fault conditions. The Quality and Magic Number options help ensure a reliable, loop-free data link. The Magic Number field helps in detecting links that are in a loopedback condition. Until the Magic-Number Configuration Option has been successfully negotiated, the Magic-Number must be transmitted as zero. Magic numbers are generated randomly at each end of the connection. Multilink - Cisco IOS Release 11.1 and later supports multilink PPP. This alternative provides load balancing over the router interfaces that PPP uses. Multilink PPP (also referred to as MP, MPPP, MLP, or Multilink) provides a method for spreading traffic across multiple physical WAN links while providing packet fragmentation and reassembly, proper sequencing, multivendor interoperability, and load balancing on inbound and outbound traffic. Multilink is not covered in this course. PPP Callback - To enhance security, Cisco IOS Release 11.1 and later offers callback over PPP. With this LCP option, a Cisco router can act as a callback client or a callback server. The client makes the initial call, requests that the server call it back, and terminates its initial call. The callback router answers the initial call and makes the return call to the client based on its configuration statements. The command is ppp callback [accept | request].
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Configure PPP on a Serial Interface

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Configure PPP on a Serial Interface

Output of the show interfaces serial command

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Configure PPP on a Serial Interface

Output of the debug ppp command

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Configuring PPP with Authentication

Differentiate between PAP and CHAP

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Configuring PPP with Authentication

How to use PAP to authenticate a PPP connection

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Configuring PPP with Authentication

How to use CHAP to authenticate a PPP connection

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Configuring PPP with Authentication

Outline the PPP encapsulation and authentication process on a flow chart

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Configuring PPP with Authentication

How to configure a PPP connection with authentication

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Configuring PPP with Authentication

Output of the debug ppp authentication command

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