Inhalation of irritants and carcinogens

Irritants and carcinogens enters the lung and then to the major bronchi (epithelium)

Continuous deposition

Irritation and obstruction of airways s/s: chronic cough shortness of breath wheezing dull aching pain

Epithelium continually replaces itself (hyperplasia)

Cell develop chromosomal changes

Loss of normal protective ciliated pseudostratified epithelium

Tumor growth

Proliferation

Perivascular nerve compression s/s: chest, shoulder, arm and back pain

Pulmonary tumor Airflow obstruction s/s: coughing stridor dyspnea

Squamous and small cell tumor Extends to pericardium s/s: pericardial effusion cardiac dysrhythmia

Pancoast s tumor Compression of brachial plexus s/s: arm and shoulder pain