(d)_ In the lymphatic system, there are structures that contain large numbers of lymphocytes. (i) State the name of these structures. [1] (ii) State the role of lymphocytes. [2] Total: 13]25 The diagram shows some blood vessels near the surface of the skin. —_—_ > skin surface <> Be, direction of blood flow —_ x ¥ : If vasodilation occurs at X, what happens to the blood flow at Y and Z? Y Zz A decreases decreases B decreases stays constant c increases invieases 3 increases stays constant18 Where are valves found that prevent blood from flowing in the wrong direction? capillaries and arteries lungs and veins ° heart and capillaries o heart and veins17 The table shows the concentration of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in the blood of four patients. Which patient is most likely to have a deficiency of iron in their diet and will find it difficult to form a blood clot? fed blood cells | white blood cells platelets /cells per mm* /cells per mm® /cells per mm? A 2525000 643 296000 B 2275000 756 27500 c 7 250000 650 275000 D 7.325000 405 25000(c) Consuming too much of some mineral salts, such as sodium chloride, increases the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD). Doctors studied the effect of diet on the risk of developing CHD. The doctors first selected volunteers who had a high salt diet. The doctors assessed the volunteers’ overall risk of developing CHD and moritored their blood pressure. (i) List two factors, other than diet and blood pressure, that the doctors considered when assessing the overall risk of the volunteers developing CHD. :(ili) The doctors concluded that some diets reduce the risk of CHD. Give evidence from Fig. 3.2 to support this conclusion. (3){8) Describe how a biood clot forms. Use the letters in Fig. 6.1 in your answer, hse olFig. 6.1 is a diagram showing some body cells and parts of the human lymphatic and circulatory systems. = 0) — arteriole | x lymphatic vessel B—_ aia | >— a—t oe 2— — capillary venule |(a) Capillaries allow blood to reach most cells in the body. ) (i) In Ee oni State the name of the process by which oxygen moves from A to Z as shown in Fig. 6.1. [1] Describe how some of the liquid in A moves to B in Fig. 6.1. 2] i) State one component of blood that remains inside the capillaries as the blood flows from Xto Vin Fig. 6.1 11] paaniacinnia(b) Lymphatic vessels are similar in structure to veins. (Describe the structure of veins. (2) (ii) Describe the role of the lymphatic vessel shown in Fig. 6.1. é : : pease a (©) Lacteals are another part of the Iymphatic system. State where in the body lacteals are found and state their function. location in the body function 5 2