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ABSTRAC T
Spintronics or spin-based electronics, also known as Magnetoelectronics, is an emergent technology which exploits the quantum propensity of electrons to spin as well as making use of their charge state. Now, physicists are trying to exploit the spin of the electron rather than its charge to create a new generation of Spintronics devices that will be smaller, more versatile, more robust than those currently making up silicon chips and circuit element from thes simple devices its hoped to make incredibly tiny chip that will acts as super-fast memories. The ultimate Spintronics degree of control would come from controlling a circuit at the level of a single spin. The ability to exploit spin in semiconductor promises new logic devices such as Spintronic sensors, GMR, memory chip, spin FET etc. with enhanced functionality, higher speed and reduced power consumption and might spark a revolution in the semiconductor industry. The problems which are faced during the practical realization of these devices, have also been discussed with the brief description of nano Spintronics, ferroelectric Spintronics and semiconductor Spintronics. On every front, the Spintronics revolution is racing ahead and will continue to generate technologies that would be inconceivable in a nonquantum world.
ABSTRACT
According to Moores Law, the number of transistors on a computer chip doubles every 18 months. But as we continue to make transistors smaller, we will eventually run out of space on microchips. So in order to keep advancing in computer technology without adding transistors as it is done today, we need to change the composition of the hardware. The next step into the future of computers is in optics. Optics offers many benefits over todays electrical computers including higher bandwidth, superior processing power, and enlarged storage space.
a server. The serve
PICOSAT
ABSTRACT
Technology is converting electronics to its most miniature form as possible. Here we have discussed best topic which can clearly depict the huge growth of electronics industry in satellite communication. Some of modern satellites have been loaded with components fabricated at level of Pico meter. This greatly reduces dimensions of required satellite and results in surprisingly reduced mass. Such satellites are called PICOSAT (0.1-1.0kg). PICOSAT system is constellation of satellites designed to offer continuous access, 24 hours per day, 365 days per year, anywhere on the planet. They are very simple, small, and efficient satellites that fly at LEOS. So far amateur radio satellites are designed to be used by experimenters and enthusiasts. Pico sat changes all that and makes ham satellites applicable to anyone with UHF radio, a digital translator such as multimedia and palmtop/laptop pc and software. Pico satellites can be easily mounted on mother ships and thus carried to outer space In short; picosats aims to perform all the functions performed by normal satellites. Moreover various specifications are described regarding mechanical specifications, electrical specifications including solar cells or batteries, orbits, regulation and launch requirements. Finally a
really exciting FLIGHT PLAN of two DARPA/Aerospace PICOSATs launched to orbit has been included.
for building higher-level protocols. This paper also shows the requirements for sensor network security. The applications of SPINS are also given in this paper.
(NEW NETWORKING)
ABSTRACT:
TRENDS
IN
In todays New Economy, small businesses that might have dealt with just local or regional concerns now have to consider global markets and logistics. At the same time security concerns of their network from hackers, Denial-ofService (DoS) attacks and sending data over the Internet have become more widespread. Until recently,communications were only available by using leased telephone lines to maintain a Wide Area Network (WAN). Leased lines enabled companies to expand their private network beyond their immediate geographic area. Moreover, WAN provided advantages over a public network like the Internet when it came to reliability, performance, and security. . The continuing popularity with the Internet has led to the evolution of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). A VPN is a connection that allows private data to be sent securely over a shared or public network, such as the Internet. In fact, one of the driving forces behind VPNs is the Internet and its global presence. With VPNs, communication links between users and sites can be achieved quickly, inexpensively, and safely across the world. In this way, VPNs empower organizations to extend their network service to
branch offices and remote users -such as traveling employees, telecommuters, and strategic partners - by creating a private WAN via the Internet. With all these benefits, small businesses are also eager to reap the advantages afforded by VPNs. This paper explains what a VPN is and how VPNs provide secure, private connections to network applications. By reading this paper, you will gain a fundamental understanding
ABSTRACT:
The idea of connecting the human brain to a computer or machine directly is not novel and its potential has been explored in science fiction. With the rapid advances in the areas of information technology, miniaturization and neurosciences there has been a surge of interest in turning fiction into reality. A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) provides a new communication channel between the human brain and the computer. It is a. method of communication based on voluntary neural activity generated by the brain and independent of its normal output pathways of peripheral nerves and muscles thus it implements the principle of Think and make it happen without any physical effort. This technology will be extremely valuable to people with devastating neuro-motor handicaps as they offer new augmentative communication technology to those who are paralyzed. Over the past decade, productive BCI research programs have arisen, facilitated and encouraged by new understanding of brain function, by the advent of powerful low-cost computer equipment, and by growing recognition of the needs and potentials of people with disabilities. The technology driving this breakthrough in the Brain Computer Interface field has a myriad of potential applications, including
the development of human augmentation for military and commercial purposes. Many of these systems are being improved and will soon be of value to many different people in a wide variety of environments and situations.
We must develop as quickly as possible technologies that make possible a direct connection between brain and computer,
so that artificial brains contribute to human intelligence rather than opposing it.-- Stephen Hawking
ABSTRACT
This document describes the Interplanetary Internet: a communication system to provide Internet-like services across interplanetary distances in support of deep space exploration. Our approach, which we refer to as bundling, builds a store-and-forward overlay network above the transport layers of underlying networks. Bundling uses many of the techniques of electronic mail, but is directed toward interprocess communication, and is designed to operate in environments that have very long speedof-light delays. We partition the Interplanetary Internet into IPN Regions, and discuss the implications that this has on naming and routing. We discuss the way that bundling establishes dialogs across intermittently connected internets, and go on to discuss the types of bundle nodes that exist in the
interplanetary internet, followed by a discussion of security in the IPN, a discussion of the IPN backbone network, and a discussion of remote deployed internets.
ABSTRACT Basic aim of IPTV is to offer a complete package known as the triple play: voice, data, & video- that is, telephony, the internet & television. The single most amazing thing IPTV does is this: when the channel- surfer at home starts clicking away, the set-top box relays that fact to the data center, kilometers away. The server there stops sending the old channel selection and sends the new one. And it does all that in less than 200 milliseconds, so fast that the user has no idea that the programming wasnt there in the set-top box all along, waiting for its chance to leap onto the screen! The most remarkable thing about IPTV is the way it replicates & even enhances the cable television experience, over a pair of thin copper wires. The efficiency of sending a single bill for voice, video, & data makes the triple play compelling for customers & companies alike. This service can be provided with as well as without a PC. Regular telephone service goes out to the public telephone system, while video & DSL data goes out to the Internet .In the IPTV system; television programming is first collected in a special data center. Servers there take television programming from many sources live broadcasts channels licensed from Italy, & more. They then encode it & send it out to off-the-shelf servers running IPTV software at a data center. Those servers are in constant communication with users livingroom set-top boxes, via the DSLAM. Now each side that is the telecom companies as well as the service providers is striving to provide this at an extremely attractive rate.
SYMPATHETIC HAPTICS
ABSTRACT
Sympathetic Haptics is the innovation that transmits tactile sensation over the internet. Haptics is derived from a greek word haptein which has the meaning similar to to fasten. The precise meaning for Sympathetic Haptics is the ability to feel what the other person feels. The technology transmits the tactile sensation over the internet through an active tracking haptic system using a virtual reality data glove. This paper provides a deeper insight into the working of this innovation. It also provides the innumerable number of applications that this technology can provide. Not only does it describe the advantages of using this technology in the future, but also it provides few limitations as to why this technology cannot be used in the present scenario.