TIe AsLerIsk Hundbook

An OperuLor's GuIde Lo ConIIgurIng LIe

Asterisk Privute Brunch Ixchunue Server
Muck Allison und Murk Spencer
CopvrIgIL zooz, Inux SupporL ServIces, nc. AII RIgILs Reserved
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Purpose oI LIIs DocumenL -
TIe purpose oI LIIs documenL Is Lo deLuII LIe sLeps Lo conIIgurIng un AsLerIsk PrIvuLe
BruncI ExcIunge Server. BusIc LeIepIonv concepLs ure revIewed, und LIe desIgn und IuvouL oI
un AsLerIsk InsLuIIuLIon Is dIscussed. TIIs documenL sIouId IeIp LIe reuder pIun und desIgn
un InsLuIIuLIon Ior un enLerprIse InsLuIIuLIon, Irom LIe pIunnIng sLuges Lo conIIgurIng LIe
svsLem.
nsLuIIuLIon oI LIe AsLerIsk soILwure Is covered In unoLIer documenL reIeused
sepuruLeIv. BoLI documenLs ure mude uvuIIubIe Iree oI cIurge uL www.IInux-supporL.neL.
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Gettinu Sopport -
Commonity Sopport: AsLerIsk Ius u number oI sources Ior supporL. As un open source
projecL, AsLerIsk Ius u communILv supporL neLwork prImurIIv vIu muIIIng IIsLs und LIe nLerneL
reIuv cIuL svsLem. AsLerIsk.org Is u cenLruI pIuce Ior open source und deveIoper InIormuLIon.
A AQ Is uvuIIubIe, us weII us upduLes on LIe mosL recenL deveIopmenLs In AsLerIsk. You cun
sIgn up Ior LIe AsLerIsk muIIIng IIsL Lo sLuv In conLucL wILI oLIer users, usk (und unswer)
quesLIons ubouL Iow Lo muke LIIngs work, und sIure Ideus und conIIguruLIon LIps. To sIgn up
Ior LIe AsLerIsk muIIIng IIsL, send un e-muII messuge Lo usLerIsk-requesLOmurko.neL, wILI LIe
word 'subscrIbe' In LIe body oI LIe messuge. You wIII receIve u response e-muII verIIvIng vour
requesL und deLuIIIng Iow Lo muke use oI LIe muIIIng IIsL.
AsLerIsk users (IncIudIng LIe muInLuIner und projecL sLuII) cun uIso be Iound on LIe
#usLerIsk cIunneI on Irc.openprojecLs.neL. On RC, vou cun cIuL wILI oLIer users In reuI LIme
Irom unvwIere In LIe worId, und geL udvIce und IeIp Irom knowIedgeubIe users oI uII
experIence IeveIs. or new RC users, more InIormuLIon ubouL RC Is uvuIIubIe Irom
www.Irc.neL.
Commerciul Sopport: CommercIuI supporL Ior AsLerIsk Is uvuIIubIe Irom Inux SupporL
ServIces, nc. Inux SupporL ServIces Is LIe prImurv sponsor oI LIe AsLerIsk projecL, und
muInLuIns copvrIgIL Lo LIe source code. SS wus Iounded bv LIe prImurv uuLIor oI LIe
AsLerIsk soILwure, und oIIers u IIne oI compuLIbIe Iurdwure, commercIuI supporL Ior AsLerIsk,
und cusLom deveIopmenL und depIovmenL servIces. SpecIuI IIcense Lerms ure uIso uvuIIubIe Ior
LIe AsLerIsk soILwure. or more InIormuLIon ubouL producLs und servIces oIIered bv Inux
SupporL ServIces, go Lo www.IInux-supporL.neL, or send un e-muII Lo suIesOIInux -supporL.neL.
ocomentution: DocumenLuLIon on LIe AsLerIsk PBX Is dIsLrIbuLed In LIe DownIouds
secLIon uL www.IInux-supporL.neL.
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Instullution oI Asterisk -
AsLerIsk Is dIsLrIbuLed In source code Iorm Ior muxImum IIexIbIIILv. DebIun
GNUJInux .x users cun IeLcI puckuges Irom LIe DebIun urcIIves. OLIer dIsLrIbuLIons muv
uIso oIIer AsLerIsk In bInurv IormuL Ior LIeIr dIsLrIbuLIons. TIe besL wuv Lo InsLuII AsLerIsk Is
Irom source code, uvuIIubIe Irom Inux SupporL ServIces us Inux sLundurd Lur.gz urcIIves.
or deLuIIed InIormuLIon on InsLuIIIng AsLerIsk, IeLcI LIe documenL 'nsLuIIIng AsLerIsk' Irom
LIe downIouds secLIon uL www.IInux-supporL.neL
Asterisk und Zuptel Telephony InterIuces -
AsLerIsk Is commonIv used wILI LIe ZupLeI compuLIbIe InLerIuces soId bv Inux SupporL
ServIces. n order Lo use AsLerIsk wILI ZupLeI compuLIbIe LeIepIonv devIces, LIe zupLeI drIvers
und ZupuLu IIbrurIes musL be InsLuIIed on LIe svsLem prIor Lo InsLuIIIng AsLerIsk. or
InIormuLIon on InsLuIIIng LIese soILwure puckuges, go Lo LIe downIouds secLIon uL www.IInux-
supporL.neL, und IeLcI LIe soILwure und InsLuIIuLIon munuuIs.
UsIng LIe documenLuLIon und source code uvuIIubIe uL www.IInux-supporL.neL,
InsLuIIuLIon oI AsLerIsk Is quILe sLruIgILIorwurd und sIouId Luke onIv u Iew mInuLes oI
InLerucLIve LIme. CompIIe LIme vurIes bused on LIe IosL svsLem perIormunce, buL IL's Iess LIun
1o mInuLes on u PenLIum q=o or GqJqoo.
CurrenLIv, onIv LIe PowerPC und x86 urcIILecLures Iuve been LesLed, und LIe PowerPC
Ius onIv been LesLed usIng LIe MoLoroIu Gq processors used In IIgIer end AppIe Iurdwure.
ALIIon opLImIzed kerneIs ure noL currenLIv supporLed. I vou Iuve un AMD ALIIon
IumIIv processor (K;, ALIIon, Duron, TIunderbIrd, or XP) IL Is recommended LIuL vou use u
kerneI compIIed Ior I686 wILI MMX opLImIzuLIons on.
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An Introdoction to Telephony (Linox Style)
TIIs secLIon Is InLended prImurIIv Ior person's wIo Iuve verv IImILed LeIepIonv
buckground, LIougI mosL AsLerIsk users wIII beneIIL Irom reudIng LIIs. n LIIs secLIon, we'II
go over some common LeIepIonv concepLs, LIe busIc IuncLIons oI u PBX Irom u LecInIcuI
sLundpoInL, und Iow uII LIIs IILs LogeLIer on LIe Inux pIuLIorm wILI LIe AsLerIsk server.
AsLerIsk Is wIuL we cuII u 'HvbrId VoPJTDM PrIvuLe BruncI ExcIunge Server.' WIuL
LIIs meuns Is LIuL AsLerIsk supporLs boLI LrudILIonuI unuIog und dIgILuI LeIepIonv equIpmenL
(commonIv reIerred Lo us TDM) und LIe new urenu oI VoIce over P, In wIIcI voIce LruIIIc Is
currIed over modern duLu neLworks jusL us oLIer duLu, In P puckeLs. or LIIs reuson VoIce
over P Is oILen reIerred Lo us PuckeL VoIce. BoLI LecInoIogIes Iuve LIeIr sLrengLIs und
weuknesses, und Ior LIe IoreseeubIe IuLure, LIev wIII IIve sIde bv sIde. AsLerIsk Is desIgned Lo
IucIIILuLe InLer-operuLIon beLween VoP und TDM us seumIessIv us possIbIe.
TM Iqoipment - The buckbone oI truditionul telephony.
TDM equIpmenL Is LIe sLuII LeIepIonv Is mude oI Loduv. MosL oI LIIs equIpmenL Is
unuIog, und uses u vurIeLv oI sIgnuIIng Lvpes und LecInoIogIes Lo do LIe job. An exLensIve
knowIedge oI TDM svsLems Is noL necessurv Lo run un AsLerIsk server. TIere ure u Iew Lerms
Lo undersLund wIen usIng AsLerIsk In conjuncLIon wILI cIunneI bunks und unuIog IundseLs, or
usIng AsLerIsk Lo LermInuLe und rouLe u T1 IIne Ior voIce LruIIIc.
PIone equIpmenL Is normuIIv sIgnuIed usIng oreIgn ExcIunge sIgnuIIng. TIere ure
Lwo sIdes Lo LIIs sIgnuI, LIe OIIIce sIde und LIe SLuLIon sIde, commonIv reIerred Lo us XO und
XS. TIIs Is (sIIgILIv) unuIogous Lo cIIenL und server. A sImpIe exumpIe oI XO und XS
exIsLs In (uImosL) evervone's Iome. TIe wuII juck vou pIug LIe pIone InLo Is un XS devIce. L
provIdes XS sIgnuIIng Lo LIe XO devIce vou connecL Lo IL, mosL commonIv u
sImpIe IundseL. TIe IundseL, un XO devIce, provIdes XO sIgnuIIng Lo LIe XS devIce on
LIe oLIer end.
TIIs muv be conIusIng uL IIrsL. XO devIces provide XO sIgnuIIng, und ure sIgnuIed
wILI XS sIgnuIIng. XS devIces provIde XS sIgnuIIng und ure sIgnuIed wILI XO sIgnuIIng.
WIuL LIIs meuns In prucLIce Is LIuL XO devIces ure sIgnuIed wILI XS, und vIce versu. TIIs
wIII be essenLIuI Lo keep In mInd wIen seLLIng up ZupLeI TDM InLerIuce devIces Ior use wILI
AsLerIsk.
Munv users wIII cIoose Lo use u T1 InLerIuce devIce und u cIunneI bunk Lo IundIe boLI
IncomIng und ouLgoIng cuIIs. A T1 IIne currIes zq cIunneIs. A cIunneI bunk Is u devIce LIuL
breuks u T1 IIne InLo ILs sepuruLe cIunneIs und provIdes u meuns Lo connecL LIese sepuruLed
cIunneIs Lo LeIepIone IundseLs or IncomIng LeIepIone IInes. TIe cIunneI bunk muv Iuve unv
mIxLure oI XO und XS cIunneIs uvuIIubIe dependIng on ILs modeI und conIIguruLIon. TIe
XO
CIunneIs on LIe cIunneI bunk cun be connecLed Lo sLundurd IncomIng unuIog IInes, In pIuce oI
u LeIepIone IundseL. TIe XO cIunneIs wIII LvpIcuIIv be connecLed Lo desk pIones Ior users
In LIe oIIIce.
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uLer on, we wIII Iook more cIoseIv uL XO und XS sIgnuIIng, durIng LIe conIIguruLIon
oI cIunneIs. To sum up LIe busIcs, LeIepIone equIpmenL uses XO und XS sIgnuIIng Lo
InLercommunIcuLe. A T1 IIne bundIes zq oI LIese XO und XS IInes (or duLu cIunneIs.) T1
IInes use u vurIeLv oI sIgnuIIng. We cun use LIese T1s boLI Lo receIve our LeIepIone servIce
Irom u provIder und Lo InLercommunIcuLe wILI cIunneI bunks LIuL cun breuk our zq cIunneI
T1 InLo zq sepuruLe LeIepIone IInes.
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VoIce over P - New LecInoIogIes, new possIbIIILIes.
VoIce over P Ius been LIe subjecL oI u Iuge umounL oI buzz In recenL veurs, becuuse IL
oIIers greuL promIse Lo sImpIIIv busIness neLworks und IL's ubIIILv Lo be rouLed unvwIere LIe
InLru-neL or nLerneL cun go. VoIce over P oIIers some dIsLIncL udvunLuges over TDM. L's
verv IIexIbIe. Anv decenL neLwork connecLIon cun currv voIce cIunneIs over UDPJP. VoP
cun be rouLed over wIreIess ANS, LunneIed LIrougI PSEC, und senL over LIe wIde-open
nLerneL. L Is conceIvubIe LIuL LIe use oI VoP couId eIImInuLe LIe need Ior u sepuruLe
LeIepIone neLwork enLIreIv.
ReuIIsLIcuIIv, VoP Ius cerLuIn weuknesses LIuL Iuve veL Lo be overcome. TIe nLerneL
ProLocoIs IL reIIes on were noL desIgned Lo currv voIce In reuI LIme. TIese proLocoIs (und LIe
equIpmenL LIuL speuk LIem) were never conceIved oI us zero-IuLencv connecLIons (IuLencv In
LIe VoP worId descrIbes LIe LIme beLween wIen u cuIIer on one end speuks und wIen LIe
cuIIer on LIe oLIer end Ieurs LIem). Nobodv cures II IL Lukes =o mIIIIseconds Ior un ILmI
documenL's IIrsL puckeL Lo be receIved uILer IL wus senL bv LIe server. However, TDM Is zero-
IuLencv, und LIuL sLundurd Ius proven Iurd Ior unv VoP soIuLIon Lo IIve up Lo.
n pIuces wIere VoP oIIers new possIbIIILIes, IL Is wIdeIv beIng udopLed. Munv users
ure rouLIng VoP over WIde Areu NeLworks Lo uvoId consLunL Iong dIsLunce cIurges beLween
geogrupIIcuIIv sepuruLe corporuLe oIIIces. TIe eusv udupLuLIon InLo wIreIess neLworks oIIers
greuL possIbIIILIes Ior creuLIng u pIone neLwork In remoLe IocuLIons wILIouL exIsLIng neLworks.
or LIose IumIIIur wILI P LecInoIogIes, VoP Is noL Loo Iurd Lo undersLund. L IoIIows
LIe usuuI cIIenL server modeI; wILI LIe cuIIs InILIuLed LIrougI u serIes oI connecLIon puckeLs
und LIe ucLuuI uudIo porLIon oI LIe cuII LrunsmILLed us UDP puckeLs IIke unv oLIer neLwork
servIce. AudIo duLu Is compressed InLo u smuII monuuruI codec (sucI us GSM or LIe
proprIeLurv G.;z.1 codec) und puckeLIzed Ior LrunsmIssIon.
CIIenLs cun be IosLed soILwure wILIIn u compIeLe envIronmenL, sucI us GnopIone (u
cIIenL reIeused bv Inux SupporL ServIces Ior use wILI AsLerIsk) or MIcrosoIL's NeLMeeLIng
H.z cIIenL. SucI cIIenL's LvpIcuIIv use LIe IocuIIv uvuIIubIe uudIo Iurdwure und neLworkIng
devIces Lo creuLe u 'soIL LeIepIone' runnIng on IocuI operuLIng svsLems. SLund-uIone cIIenLs
uIso exIsL, wIIcI ure embedded compuLIng devIces LIuL Iuve jusL LIe rIgIL Iurdwure Lo ucL us u
LeIepIone und communIcuLe over u neLwork wILI u VoP server. An exumpIe oI LIIs Is LIe
Snom 1oo, un embedded VoP LeIepIone cupubIe oI communIcuLIng over u vurIeLv oI VoP
proLocoIs.
A number oI VoP sLundurds exIsL. AsLerIsk Ius IL's own IusL und IIgILweIgIL proLocoI
cuIIed nLer-AsLerIsk ExcIunge, or AX. AX wus deveIoped prImurIIv us u meuns oI sendIng
cuIIs Lo remoLe AsLerIsk servers over ANs or WANs. CIIenLs exIsL Ior AX us weII, Lo uIIow u
IosL svsLem or embedded devIce Lo be used us un 'AX LeIepIone.'
GnopIone Is u sumpIe AX cIIenL reIeused under LIe GP bv Inux SupporL ServIces. L uIIows
unv Inux svsLem wILI u IuII dupIex sound curd und u neLwork InLerIuce Lo muke u LeIepIone
cuII LIrougI un AsLerIsk server. TIe Snom 1oo Is uvuIIubIe Irom SS us weII, wILI AX cIIenL
soILwure InsLuIIed on IL.
TIere ure severuI compeLIng sLundurds In LIe VoP urenu. H.z Is used bv u number
oI commercIuI vendors, und munv In LIe IndusLrv ure udopLIng SP us weII. TIese proLocoIs
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oIIer dIIIerenL IeuLures Ior LIe InLermIngIIng oI VoIce und DuLu LruIIIc.
AsLerIsk supporLs SP und H.z us weII us ILs nuLIve AX proLocoI. TIe urcIILecLure oI
AsLerIsk Is specIIIcuIIv desIgned Lo muke IL eusv Lo InLerconnecL VoP cIIenLs usIng vurIous
proLocoIs und LIe wIdeIv depIoved TDM equIpmenL LIuL currenLIv oIIers LIe besL uudIo
quuIILv.
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undumenLuIs oI LIe AsLerIsk SvsLem
AsLerIsk provIdes u IIexIbIe svsLem Lo desIgn u dIuI pIun suILubIe Ior eucI InsLuIIuLIon's
needs.
TIe mosL IundumenLuI concepL In AsLerIsk Is LIe conLexL. ConLexLs provIde u
Irumework Lo presenL dIIIerenL dIuI pIuns Lo IncomIng cuIIers. UsIng conLexLs wILIIn LIe
exLensIon IogIc svsLem, AsLerIsk cun cIunge LIe uvuIIubIe dIuI pIun Ior IndIvIduuI cuIIers bused
on LIe IIne (or cIunneI) LIev're cuII Is receIved on. UsIng vurIous conIIguruLIon opLIons, LIe
conLexLs cun be used Lo presenL InLerucLIve voIce prompLIng. Access conLroI cun be provIded
Ior reserved exLensIons und opLIons. DIIIerenL menu opLIons cun be presenLed durIng oII-
busIness Iours us weII.
TIe mosL obvIous use oI LIIs Is Lo keep IncomIng cuIIers Irom dIuIIng buck ouL. EucI
IncomIng cuII Ius un InILIuI conLexL, deIIned on u per cIunneI busIs. We pIuce our IncomIng
IInes In u specIuI InILIuI conLexL. We pIuce exLensIons Lo dIuI ouLsIde IInes or uccess reserved
IeuLures In unoLIer conLexL. TIose reserved exLensIons ure uccessIbIe Lo IncomIng cuIIers
unIess we expIIcILIv muke LIem uvuIIubIe.
However, munv exLensIons need Lo be sIured umongsL muILIpIe groups oI cuIIers. We
muv noL wunL our IncomIng cuIIers Lo Iuve uccess Lo ouLsIde IInes, buL we do wunL LIem Lo be
ubIe Lo reucI our empIovees pIones. IkewIse, our empIovees need Lo reucI eucI oLIer. SInce
LIev ure oI necessILv In u dIIIerenL conLexL, LIev cun'L see LIe sume seL oI exLensIons.
We cun sIure purLs oI LIe dIuI pIun seIecLIveIv wILI LIe use oI IncIudes. We cun creuLe u
conLexL wILI u seL oI exLensIons, und 'IncIude' LIuL conLexL In unv oLIer conLexL LIuL sIouId
Iuve uccess Lo LIose exLensIons.
n LIIs exumpIe we creuLe Lwo exLensIon groups, In sepuruLe conLexLs. We pIuce our Lwo
cIunneIs In InILIuI conLexLs, und grunLed uccess Lo eucI cuIIer group usIng IncIudes. BuIIdIng
on LIIs we cun provIde u specIuI seL oI servIces Lo eucI group oI cIunneIs, und creuLe severuI
InILIuI conLexLs und seIecLIveIv oIIer LIem reIuLed servIces.
Now we Iuve u number oI servIce conLexLs, und u number oI sLurLIng conLexLs. EucI sLurLIng
conLexL geLs u sIIgILIv dIIIerenL seL oI servIces presenLed, dependIng on Iow LIeIr cIunneI Is
conIIgured. We mIgIL pIuce u pIone In LIe Iobbv Ior our cusLomers` convenIence, buL we don'L
wunL Lo oIIer LIem Iree Iong dIsLunce. IkewIse, dependIng on LIe nuLure oI LIe busIness, we
muv noL need (or wunL) Lo gIve Iong dIsLunce uccess Lo uII empIovees. We muv Iuve sepuruLe
specIuI servIces, wIIcI we muke uvuIIubIe Lo upper munugemenL, sucI us specIuI reserved
conIerence rooms. We mIgIL uIso creuLe un uccess conLroI Iuver Ior upper munugemenL LIuL
keeps peopIe Irom cuIIIng LIem dIrecLIv, und InsLeud onIv uIIows mosL cuIIers uccess Lo LIeIr
ussIsLunL's exLensIons.
SILuuLIons muv exIsL wIere u cuIIer In one conLexL needs uccess Lo un exLensIon In unoLIer
conLexL, buL IncIudIng LIe enLIre oLIer conLexL wouId be InupproprIuLe. or quIck Iops Irom
unv pIuce In LIe dIuI pIun Lo unv oLIer, we cun use LIe GoLo uppIIcuLIon Lo jump Lo u specIIIc
exLensIon, even II IL's In unoLIer conLexL.
ConLexLs oIIer us LIe IIexIbIIILv Lo creuLe muILIIuvered InLerucLIve voIce response
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svsLems wILI LIem. We cun jump cuIIers Irom conLexL Lo conLexL bused on InLerucLIve cIoIces,
presenLIng dIIIerenL menu opLIons und correspondIng uvuIIubIe exLensIons. Bused on LIeIr
cIoIces, we cun connecL LIem wILI LIe correcL empIovee or servIce.
UsIng LIme und duLe dependunL opLIons seL In IncIude sLuLemenLs, we cun cIunge LIe
dIuI pIun durIng oII busIness Iours or specIuI LImes oI duv. ncIudes cun be bused on LIe LIme
oI duv, duv oI LIe week, duv oI LIe monLI, or monLI oI LIe veur.
Ixtensions
n LIe AsLerIsk svsLem, exLensIons ure dIsLIncL Irom cIunneIs. EucI exLensIon Lukes u
cuIIer LIrougI u number oI sLeps. n eucI sLep, AsLerIsk wIII execuLe un uppIIcuLIon. Everv
operuLIon In u cuII Is IundIed bv cuIIIng un uppIIcuLIon. A Iurge number oI uppIIcuLIons ure
uvuIIubIe Lo perIorm LIe vurIed IuncLIons oI u PBX.
AsLerIsk uppIIcuLIons provIde boLI busIc und udvunced IeuLures. AsLerIsk Ius
uppIIcuLIons Lo dIuI, Iung up, und unswer, und pIuvbuck sound IIIes. More udvunced
uppIIcuLIons provIde voIcemuII creuLIng und reLrIevuI servIces, conIerence brIdges, und
dIrecLorv servIces.
Ig. A IIsL oI uppIIcuLIons (excIude seLup upps).
A LvpIcuI desk exLensIon wouId use LIe dIuI und voIcemuII uppIIcuLIons. SeveruI sLeps
wouId be deIIned. EucI oI LIese sLeps Is cuIIed u prIorILv.
A second IeveI oI prIorILIes Is uvuIIubIe. We cun Luke u dIIIerenL puLI II LIe cIunneI we
ure uLLempLIng Lo reucI Is busv, ruLIer LIun sImpIv IeIL ununswered. We cun creuLe u sIIgILIv
(or compIeLeIv) dIIIerenL response Ior LIe cuIIer In LIIs cuse.
TIere ure some specIuI exLensIons uvuIIubIe In uddILIon Lo exLensIons bused on user
InpuL. AsLerIsk provIdes u sLurLIng exLensIon. WIen we unswer un IncomIng cuII or move u
cuIIer InLo u new conLexL wILIouL u specIIIc exLensIon, AsLerIsk wIII run LIe IIrsL prIorILv In LIe
sLurLIng exLensIon. TIIs Is oILen used Lo presenL un InLerucLIve voIce menu Lo LIe cuIIer.
TIe LImeouL exLensIon provIdes u wuv Lo IundIe u cuII II u cuIIer doesn'L respond wILI
un exLensIon wILIIn u conIIgurubIe umounL oI LIme. We cun use LIe LImeouL ruIe Lo recIrcuIuLe
LIe cuIIer LIrougI LIe menu or pIuv un error, ruLIer LIun jusL dumpIng LIe cuII.
AsLerIsk provIdes exLensIon muLcIIng IogIc Lo rouLe cuIIs bused on purL oI LIe number
dIuIed. CommonIv, LIIs Is used Lo IundIe ouLgoIng cuIIs, muLcIIng uII exLensIons dIuIed
begInnIng wILI '' Lo u sIngIe ouLgoIng exLensIon. TIe ubIIILv Lo muLcI specIIIc numbers und
cerLuIn number IengLIs uIIows us Lo dIIIerenLIuLe beLween IocuI, Iong dIsLunce, und
InLernuLIonuI cuIIs, und cuIIs Lo vurIous ureu codes. ExLensIon muLcIIng cun uIso be used Lo
rouLe cuIIs InLernuIIv.
CIunneIs
TIere ure munv LecInoIogIes used Lo muke und receIve cuIIs. AsLerIsk Is ubIe Lo
InLerconnecL IncomIng cuIIs Irom uII supporLed LecInoIogIes. TIIs IIexIbIIILv Is ucIIeved bv
ubsLrucLIng LIe LecInoIogv used Lo muke u cuII Irom LIe dIuI pIun.
11
AsLerIsk supporLs u number oI LecInoIogIes, or cIunneI Lvpes. EucI uvuIIubIe 'IIne' Is u
cIunneI, wIeLIer LIuL 'IIne' Is provIded bv u Iurdwure InLerIuce Lo TDM equIpmenL or u VoIce
over P connecLIon. nsIde LIe dIuI pIun, AsLerIsk LreuLs uII InLerIuces In LIe sume munner, und
eusIIv InLerconnecLs TDM, AX, H.z, und SP bused cIunneIs wILI eucI oLIer.
AsLerIsk Ius LIe ubIIILv Lo rIng muILIpIe cIunneIs uL LIe sume LIme. TIese cIunneIs cun
uguIn be unv mIx oI LecInoIogIes compuLIbIe wILI LIe AsLerIsk server.
12
PIunnIng un AsLerIsk NeLwork.
WIen prepurIng Lo seL up un AsLerIsk server, IL Is useIuI Lo vIsuuIIze LIe LopoIogv oI LIe
LeIepIone neLwork, mucI IIke seLLIng up un oIIIce duLu neLwork. Tuke InLo uccounL eucI
servIce LIuL wIII be oIIered on LIe PBX, und wIo sIouId Iuve uccess Lo eucI oI LIese servIces.
You muv wunL Lo muke u dIugrum oI LIe neLwork, sIowIng wIIcI groups oI cuIIers sIouId Iuve
uccess Lo wIIcI servIces. TIIs wIII prove InvuIuubIe us vou work LIrougI LIe conIIguruLIon
IIIes. TIe dIugrum cun sIow IogIcuI groups oI cuIIers und IogIcuI groups oI servIces. ServIce
groups cun be connecLed wILI cIunneI groups, sIowIng LIe IogIcuI IuvouL oI conLexLs und
IncIudes.
IrsL, exumIne LIe groups oI cuIIers LIuL wIII exIsL on LIe neLwork. AL LIe sImpIesL IeveI,
LIere ure InLernuI und exLernuI users. We muv Iuve some servIces LIuL ure onIv oIIered Lo
some oI LIe InLernuI users oI LIe neLwork.
Ig - IIsLIng user groups Ior usLerIsk
ook uL servIces Lo be oIIered bv LIe AsLerIsk server, und wIo sIouId Iuve uccess Lo
LIem. Munv oI LIe servIces wIII be uvuIIubIe Lo severuI user groups. MosL IIkeIv, empIovee
desk exLensIons wIII be uvuIIubIe Lo uII users. OLIer servIces, sucI us voIcemuII, ouLgoIng IInes,
und conIerence rooms, muv onIv be mude uvuIIubIe Lo seIecL cuIIers.
Ig. IIsLIng servIces
CIurL LIe servIces LIuL sIouId be mude uvuIIubIe Lo eucI user group. Group exLensIons
LIuL sIouId IogIcuIIv go LogeLIer, und pIuce LIem In sIured conLexLs. ConnecL groups oI
servIces wILI groups oI cuIIers Lo vIsuuIIze Iow LIe dIuIpIun sIouId go LogeLIer. TIere sIouId
IdeuIIv be no exLensIons sLuLed LwIce. Anv exLensIon LIuL wIII be uvuIIubIe Lo more LIun
conLexL sIouId be pIuced In u conLexL Lo be IncIuded.
Ig. ConnecLIng InILIuI conLexLs und exLensIon conLexLs wILI IncIudes
n u number oI pIuces, we muv Iuve cerLuIn exLensIons we wunL Lo sIure wILI cuIIers In
unoLIer conLexL, buL IncIudIng LIe wIoIe surroundIng exLensIon conLexL muv noL be desIrubIe.
GoLo uppIIcuLIons cun connecL cuIIers wILI specIIIc exLensIons wILIIn oLIer conLexLs.
Ig. usIng goLos Lo sIure IndIvIduuI exLensIons
13
An introdoction to the instullution
AsLerIsk Is conIIgured In LexL bused IIIes sLored In JeLcJusLerIsk. TIe dIuI pIun Is
consLrucLed In exLensIons.conI. CIunneI und AppIIcuLIon conIIguruLIon IIIes resIde uIong sIde
LIese IIIes.
On sLurLup, AsLerIsk uuLomuLIcuIIv runs In LIe buckground. Error messuges wIII be
reporLed Lo LIe consoIe AsLerIsk Is sLurLed on. OpLIonuIIv AsLerIsk muv be run In LIe
Ioreground, usIng LIe -c swILcI.
usLerIsk -c

TIe verbosILv (umounL oI InIormuLIon prInLed Lo screen, cun be seL uL sLurLup. TIree
IeveIs ure uvuIIubIe. TIe -v swILcI Lurns verbose mode on, und muILIpIe 'v's ruIse LIe IeveI.
usLerIsk -vvvc
I usLerIsk Is runnIng In LIe buckground or on unoLIer consoIe, vou cun connecL Lo LIe
server und geL u consoIe.
usLerIsk -r

or
usLerIsk -vr
NOTE, wIen usLerIsk Is runnIng In LIe Ioreground, LIe 'quIL' commund wIII shot down the
server. WIen connecLed remoLeIv, 'quIL' wIII dIsconnecL Irom LIe consoIe, IeuvIng AsLerIsk
runnIng In LIe buckground.
The commund line interIuce (CLI)
AsLerIsk IeuLures u commund IIne InLerIuce wILI on IIne IeIp svsLem. WIen connecLed
Lo LIe consoIe, LvpIng 'IeIp' wIII IIsL LIe uvuIIubIe communds. Communds exIsL Lo sIuLdown or
resLurL LIe server, boLI ImmedIuLeIv und 'gruceIuIIv.' A gruceIuI sIuLdown or resLurL wIII sLop
uccepLIng new connecLIons, und wuIL unLII LIere ure no IurLIer cuIIs. SIuLdown or resLurL
'now' wIII ImmedIuLeIv brIng down LIe server, dumpIng uII cuIIs.
TIe commund 'reIoud' Iorces usLerIsk Lo re-reud ILs conIIguruLIon IIIes. No cuIIs wIII be
dropped durIng reIoud. NoLe LIuL LIe zupuLu.conI IIIe Is noL reIouded bv LIe reIoud commund.
AsLerIsk musL be resLurLed Lo rereud LIIs IIIe und reuIIocuLe zupLeI cIunneIs.
14
SLeps Lo conIIguruLIon
TIere ure severuI sLeps Lo conIIgurIng LIe AsLerIsk server. TIe IIrsL Is Lo muke some
cIunneIs uvuIIubIe Lo AsLerIsk. EucI cIunneI wIII be ussIgned un InILIuI conLexL bused on our
IuvouL. CIunneIs ure conIIgured dIIIerenLIv dependIng on LIe cIunneI Lvpe, LIougI LIev ure
LreuLed LIe sume In LIe dIuI pIun.
Some uppIIcuLIons Iuve opLIonuI or requIred exLernuI conIIguruLIon. TIe voIcemuII
svsLem, musIc on IoId, und conIerence brIdge uppIIcuLIons musL be conIIgured prIor Lo use
wILIIn LIe dIuI pIun.
Once cIunneIs ure prepured und uppIIcuLIons Iuve been seL up, LIe dIuI pIun cun be
ussembIed. UsIng LIe noLes mude In LIe prevIous cIupLer, LIe dIuI pIun wIII be deveIoped In
LIe exLensIons.conI IIIe.
Settinu op chunnels -
n LIIs cIupLer, we wIII dIscuss LIe seLLIng up oI LIe cIunneIs. AsLerIsk commonIv uses
Lwo mujor Lvpes oI cIunneIs, LIougI oLIer cIunneI drIver moduIes ure uIwuvs In deveIopmenL.
CurrenLIv, LIe besL ImpIemenLed cIunneI drIvers ure LIe ZupLeI drIver, wIIcI connecLs
AsLerIsk Lo InLerIuce devIces uvuIIubIe Irom Inux SupporL ServIces, nc., und LIe nLer-
AsLerIsk ExcIunge proLocoI, LIe IIgILweIgIL PuckeL VoIce proLocoI used Lo puss cuIIs boLI
beLween AsLerIsk servers und Lo communIcuLe wILI AX cIIenLs sucI us GnoPIone und LIe
AsLerIsk-enubIed Snom 1oo. H.z drIvers uIso exIsL In u IuIrIv eurIv sLuLe oI deveIopmenL.
Aboot zuputu.conI -
n LIe IIrsL secLIon, we wIII Iook uL LIe zupuLu.conI IIIe. TIe zupuLu.conI IIIe conIIgures ZupuLu
InLerIuces Ior use wILI AsLerIsk. WILIIn zupuLu.conI, zupLeI cIunneIs ure ussIgned sIgnuIIng
Lvpes, deIuuIL conLexLs, und cuIIer D sLrIngs. You cun uIso conIIgure zupLeI cIunneIs uccess Lo
IeuLures sucI us LIree-wuv cuIIIng, voIcemuII, und cuII IorwurdIng wILIIn LIIs IIIe.
You sIouId Iuve u sumpIe conIIguruLIon IIIe In LIe JeLcJusLerIsk dIrecLorv uILer InsLuIIuLIon oI
AsLerIsk. TIe sumpIe IIIe ILseII cun serve us u useIuI reIerence Lo
Some Notes on the style und Ilow oI zuputu.conI
ZupuLu.conI Is reud bv LIe soILwure Irom LIe Lop down. ConIIguruLIon purumeLers ure
In LIe IormuL "purumeLer=vuIue." PurumeLer-vuIue puIrs ure one per IIne. A semIcoIon
precedes commenLs (;).
EucI purumeLer gIven remuIns In eIIecL unLII overrIdden bv unoLIer purumeLer
sLuLemenL wILI u dIIIerenL vuIue. or exumpIe:
conLexL=IocuI
sIgnuIIng=Ixo_ks
cIunneI=1-1z
conLexL=LrusLed
15
cIunneI=1-zq
n LIe IIrsL IIne, we seL LIe conLexL Ior IuLure deIInILIons Lo IocuI. n LIe second IIne, we
seL LIe sIgnuIIng Lvpe. n LIe LIIrd IIne, we deIIned u bIock oI cIunneIs. SInce LIe cIunneI
deIInILIon wus preceded bv LIe conLexL und sIgnuIIng deIInILIons, LIe cIunneI wIII be sIgnuIed
wILI Ixo-kewIsLurL sIgnuIIng. CuIIers Irom IundseLs on cIunneI 1-1z wIII be pIuced In LIe IocuI
conLexL wIen LIev pIck up LIe pIone.
n LIe IourLI IIne, we cIunged LIe conLexL Lo 'LrusLed.' Users wIo pIck up u pIone on
cIunneIs 1-zq wIII be pIuced In LIe 'LrusLed' conLexL. We dId noL Iuve Lo resLuLe LIe sIgnuIIng
Lvpe, us LIe deIInILIon on LIe second IIne remuIns In eIIecL unLII overrIdden.
Some busic keywords -
TIere ure some busIc kevwords vou wIII wunL Lo geL IumIIIur wILI rIgIL oII.
conLexL: LIIs kevword wIII deIIne LIe cuIIer group Ior IoIIowIng cIunneIs. TIe
conLexL wIII be reIerenced IuLer bv exLensIons.conI. ConLexLs ure used Lo
provIde dIIIerenL seLs oI IeuLures und exLensIons Lo dIIIerenL users on LIe
svsLem. or exumpIe, IncomIng cuIIers wouId normuIIv be pIuced In u
dIIIerenL Irom IocuI users, sInce IncomIng cuIIers sIouIdn'L be ubIe Lo
dIuI un ouLgoIng exLensIon (und cerLuInIv noL uccess Iong dIsLunce IInes) TIe
conLexL cun be unv uIpIunumerIc sLrIng. You wIII Iuve Lo Iuve u conLexL
secLIon In exLensIons.conI muLcIIng LIe secLIon Iere Ior vour users Lo be ubIe
Lo use servIces.
chunnel: TIIs kevword wIII IndIcuLe u IIsL oI cIunneIs. TIe cIunneIs IIsLed
wIII Iuve LIe purumeLers In eIIecL wIen LIe sLuLemenL Is mude. I LIe IusL
conLexL deIInILIon wus 'IocuI' und LIe IusL sIgnuIIng Lvpe wus 'Ixo_ks' LIen LIe
cIunneIs IIsLed wIII Luke LIose vuIues. TIe vuIues Ior u cIunneI sLuLemenL
sIouId be unv zupLeI cIunneI wIIcI exIsLs (Ior InsLunce, II vou Iuve z Ixo's
und q Ixs's, vou wouId Iuve 6 cIunneIs, numbered 1-6.)
siunulinu: SeLs LIe sIgnuIIng Lvpe Ior IoIIowIng cIunneI deIInILIons. TIese
sIouId IoIIow LIe cIunneIs us deIIned In JeLcJzupLeI.conI. CorrecL cIoIces
ure bused on LIe Iurdwure uvuIIubIe. AsLerIsk wIII IuII Lo sLurL II u cIunneI
sIgnuIIng deIInILIon Is IncorrecL or unworkubIe.
TIe vuIues uvuIIubIe ure:
em: E&M
em_w: E&M wInk
IeuLd: euLure Group D
Ixs_Is: XS oop SLurL
Ixo_Is: XO oop SLurL
Ixs_gs: XS Ground SLurL
Ixo_gs: XO Ground SLurL
Ixs_ks: XS KewI SLurL
Ixo_ks: XO KewI SLurL
prI_cpe: PR sIgnuIIng, CPE sIde
prI_neL: PR sIgnuIIng, neLwork sIde
16
TIe mujorILv oI users wIII use Ixo_ks und Ixs_ks sIgnuIIng. TIese sIgnuIIng
Lvpes ure mosL commonIv used wIen connecLIng u ZupLeI T1 curd Lo u cIunneI
bunk, und ure uIwuvs used wIen connecLIng und XO or XS sLuLIon curd.
cullerid: SeLs LIe CuIIer D InIormuLIon Ior u cIunneI or cIunneIs. TIe cuIIer
Id sLrIng wIII be LrunsmILLed Lo oLIer pIones connecLed Lo vour AsLerIsk
neLwork. I vou ure dIuIIng ouL Lo LIe pubIIc pIone neLwork vIu PR, LIe
cuIIer Id IIne number wIII be senL Lo LIe desLInuLIon pIone. TIe pubIIc currIer
wIII uLLucI LIe muLcIIng dIrecLorv IIsLIng Lo LIe number LrunsmILLed.
TIereIore, vou cun seL LIe number on PR's, buL LIe nume wIII uuLomuLIcuIIv
muLcI LIe currIer dIrecLorv. I vou ure dIuIIng ouL vIu un XO Lo u sLundurd
IIne, LIe currIer conLroIs LIe cuIIer Id senL Lo LIe recIpIenL enLIreIv.
TIe IormuL oI LIe cuIIerId sLrIng Iooks IIke LIIs:
cuIIerId="Bob SuIesmun"<(q=) ===-1zq>
Ike uII oLIer deIInILIons, LIe cuIIerId deIInILIon wIII remuIn In eIIecL unLII
overrIdden. I vou need u buncI oI cIunneIs Lo Iuve LIe sume cuIIerId, vou
cun deIIne LIem IIke so:
cuIIerId="Bob SuIesmun"<(q=) ===-1zq>
sIgnuIIIng=Ixo_ks
cIunneI=1-zq
sIgnuIIIng=Ixo_ks
cIunneI=z=-z6
n LIIs urrungemenL, LIe cuIIerId deIInILIon wouId uppIv Lo uII IoIIowIng
cIunneIs.
uroop: deIInes u group oI cIunneIs Lo be LreuLed us one. TIe group cun be
reIerenced In exLensIons.conI, commonIv us u dIuI exLensIon. or exumpIe uII
suIespeopIe couId be grouped, so LIuL un exLensIon Ior suIes cun rIng uII
pIones. TIIs IeuLure Is commonIv used Lo bundIe uII ouLgoIng cIunneIs InLo
u sIngIe LurgeL Ior exLensIons.conI.
TIe IormuL Ior u group deIInILIon Is sLruIgILIorwurd:
group=1 (repIuce one wILI unv number)
Keywords to torn Ieutores on or oII:
MosL oI LIe ZupLeI IeuLures cun be Lurned on or oII on u per cIunneI (or cIunneI group)
busIs. TIese IeuLures Luke sImpIe ves or no purumeLers:
usecuIIerId - sIouId cuIIerId be receIved
IIdecuIIerId - sIouId cuIIerId be senL?
cuIIwuILIng - sIouId cuII wuILIng be enubIed
cuIIwuILIngcuIIerId - sIouId cuIIer Id be senL on cuII wuILIng
LIreewuvcuIIIng - sIouId LIree-wuv cuIIIng be enubIed
LrunsIer - sIouId cuII LrunsIerrIng be enubIed
cuncuIIIorwurd - sIouId cuII IorwurdIng be uccepLed
ecIocunceI - sIouId ecIo cunceIIIng be uIIowed (ves, unIess LIere's u good
reson noL Lo)
ImmedIuLe - sIouId LIe cIunneI be unswered ImmedIuLeIv, or sIouId AsLerIsk
provIde dIuI Lone und wuIL Ior LIe cuIIer Lo dIuI un exLensIon
17
Some more keywords, less oIten needed:
TIere ure u Iew exLru kevwords uvuIIubIe, wIIcI ure generuIIv noL needed bv muv be
necessurv In cerLuIn sILuuLIons or wILI cerLuIn equIpmenL.
swILcILvpe - swILcILvpe Is used Ior PR InLerIuces, wIen LermInuLIng u
provIders T1 IIne InLo vour AsLerIsk server. AvuIIubIe
swILcILvpes ure -
nuLIonuI - NuLIonuI SDN
dms1oo: NorLeI DMS1oo
qess: AT&T qESS
=ess: ucenL =ESS
euroIsdn: EuroSDN
rxwInk - NormuIIv, onIv used wILI LIe AdLrun ALIus, wIen communIcuLIng
usIng E & M wInk. TIe ALIus seems Lo use >z=oms wInks, Ionger
LIun uveruge. TIIs uIIows AsLerIsk Lo compensuLe.
rxguIn (uIso LxguIn) - used Lo seL LIe LrunsmIL und receIve guIn In dB. Used Lo
compensuLe Ior cerLuIn InLerIuce devIces wIIcI muv seem 'quIeL.' I vour
devIce works correcLIv, buL LIe voIume seems Iow, vou muv consIder
udjusLIng LIIs vuIue.
TIese purumeLers ure seIdom needed, buL muv be used Lo Lune
communIcuLIon wILI cerLuIn devIces
prewInk: Pre-wInk LIme
preIIusI: Pre-IIusI LIme
wInk: WInk LIme
IIusI: IusI LIme
sLurL: SLurL LIme
rxIIusI: ReceIver IIusILIme
debounce: Debounce LImIng
Ixumples -
TIe IormuL oI LIese exumpIes wIII mIrror LIe IormuL oI LIe IIIe ILseII. Ines begInnIng
wILI u semIcoIon (;) ure commenLs, und wIII noL be needed In LIe IIIe ILseII. Ines noL
begInnIng wILI u semIcoIon ure exumpIes oI IuncLIonuI IInes In LIe conIIguruLIon IIIes.
A Iew exumples -
Here's un exumpIe oI wIuL u conIIg IIIe mIgIL Iook IIke. n LIIs conIIguruLIon, we've goL
LIree ouLgoIng sLundurd pIones IInes, presumubIv provIded bv PC XO InLerIuce curds sucI
us LIe X1oop, und u T1 InLerIuce Lo u cIunneI bunk wILI 1z XS cIunneIs Lo drIve InsIde pIone
IInes.
; T1 InLerIuces uIwuvs come beIore sIngIe cIunneI curds (reIerence 'ConIIgurIng zupLeI.conI')
; IrsL, we'II seL some good deIuuILs
|cIunneIs|
18
; seL LIe deIuuIL conLexL Lo u resLrIcLIve group. TvpIcuIIv, deIuuIL Is ouLgoIng IocuI cuIIs onIv
conLexL=deIuuIL
; Lurn on cuII IeuLures
usecuIIerId=ves
IIdecuIIerId=no
cuIIwuILIng=ves
cuIIwuILIngcuIIerId=ves
LIreewuvcuIIIng=ves
; we'II reserve LIIs IeuLure Ior LIose wIo need IL, us IL wIII LIe up z ouLsIde IInes
cuncuIIIorwurd=no
; seL LIe ecIo cunceIIer - LIIs IeuLure sIouId uIwuvs be on, unIess vou Iuve u Iurdwure ecIo
cunceIIer
ecIocunceIIer=ves
; seL u deIuuIL group
group=1
; begIn cIunneI deIInILIons
;seL LIe sIgnuIIIng Ior LIe XS cIunneIs. Remember LIuL XS cIunneIs ure sIgnuIed wILI XO.
sIgnuIIIng=Ixo_ks
; We'II sLurL wILI LIe IowesL InLernuI uccess IeveIs, und move upwurds.
; A pubIIc pIone, In LIe Iobbv. No Iong dIsLunce, so we cun Ieuve IL In deIuuIL.
; Remember LIuL cuIIer D wIII onIv be InLernuI, sInce we ure usIng sLundurd BeII IInes InsLeud
oI PR
cuIIerId=<obbv - 1zq>
cIunneI=1
;TIe muIn exLensIons, Ior mosL empIovees
;We cIunge LIe conLexL Lo gIve LIem Iong dIsLunce
;conLexL=empIov
cuIIerId=<JoIn Kuo - 6;8>
cIunneI=z
cuIIerId=<Murv Jumeson - 6;o>
cIunneI=
cuIIerId=<JosepI JoInson - 6;1>
cIunneI=q
19
;LIe engIneerIng Iub Ius Lwo pIones, und we rIng wunL Lo rIng LIem LogeLIer
;bv deIInIng LIem us u group, we cun sImpIv LurgeL LIe group In LIe exLensIons.conI IIIe
group=z
cuIIerId=<EngIneerIng - 6;z>
cIunneI=6-;
;Ior LIe suIes depurLmenL, we need InLernuLIonuI uccess, und sInce LIev roum u IoL, we gIve
LIem
;cuII IorwurdIng
cuncuIIIorwurd=ves
; I LIev cun cuII InLernuLIonuI, LIev preLLv mucI Iuve IuII uccess Lo run up LIe bIIIs :)
conLexL=LrusLed
; We muv wunL Lo sIgnuI LIem us u group, so we'II muke LIem LIeIr own us weII
group=
cuIIerId=<SLun ebowskv - 6;>
cIunneI=8
cuIIerId=<Susun SLunberg - 6;q>
cIunneI=
cuIIerId=<Duve ewIs - 6;=>
cIunneI=1o
; TIe CEO cun sLuv In LIe sume conLexL, obvIousIv Ie geLs IuII uccess, so no need Lo Lurn
unvLIIng oII.
; GeL IIm ouL oI LIe suIes group, Ie doesn'L wunL LIeIr cuIIs
group=q
cuIIerId=<JoIn PoIndexLer - 6;6>
cIunneI=11
; And IIs execuLIve ussIsLunL
cuIIerId=<KuLIv Morgun - 6;;>
cIunneI = 1z
; Now we geL Lo LIe LIree ouLgoIng IInes. We beLLer drop LIe conLexL so LIev cun'L puncI
und
; DIuI LIrougI. We'II puL LIem In IocuI, so LIev cun onIv rIng IocuI IInes
conLexL=IocuI
cuIIerId=<WIdgeLs, nc. - q=6>
; Muke LIem u group, so ouLgoIng cuIIs Luke LIe IIrsL uvuIIubIe IIne
group==
20
;oI course, we cIunge LIe sIgnuIIng
sIgnuIIIng=Ixs_ks
cIunneI=1-1=
; END CONG E
TIuL exumpIe sIows LIe commonIv used kevwords. TIe oLIer kevwords uvuIIubIe ure
predomInunLIv Ior seLLIng up specIuI cIunneI Lvpes sucI us PR. NoLe LIe wuv LIuL LIe IIIe
IIows, wILI eucI opLIon remuInIng In eIIecL unLII overrIdden. TIIs Is especIuIIv ImporLunL
wIen workIng wILI conLexLs. I vou uren'L puvIng uLLenLIon, vou couId gIve IncomIng cuIIers
LIe sume uccess IeveI us LIe CEO, und IeL vourseII be someone's Iree Iong dIsLunce provIder, or
oIIer vour conIerence brIdge Lo LIe worId.
SeLLIng up Inux TeIepIonv nLerIuce CIunneIs -
TIIs secLIon Ius noL veL been wrILLen.
Settinu op Inter-Asterisk Ixchunue Chunnels -
nLer-AsLerIsk ExcIunge cIunneIs ure used Ior pussIng cuIIs beLween muILIpIe AsLerIsk
servers over P neLworks, und Ior communIcuLIng wILI VoIce over P cIIenL soILwure und
embedded devIces. AX oIIers u number oI opLIons Ior opLImIzuLIon, conLexL conLroI, und
uuLIenLIcuLIon und uccess conLroI servIces.
AX cIunneIs ure conIIgured In Iux.conI. TIIs IIIe IoIIows u sImIIur IormuL Lo oLIer
conIIguruLIon IIIes. OpLIons ure conIIgured In 'kevword=vuIue' puIrs. A semIcoIon precedes
commenLs (;). Bv convenLIon, LIe IIrsL secLIon oI LIe IIIe Is normuIIv used Ior generuI opLIons
Ior uII AX LruIIIc. TIese specIuI murkers deIIneuLe secLIons oI LIe IIIe.
TIere ure LIree Lvpes oI AX cIIenLs. TIe IIrsL Is u user. Users cun muke cuIIs LIrougI
LIe AsLerIsk server, buL ure noL ubIe Lo receIve cuIIs Irom LIe server. TIIs Is useIuI In u
sILuuLIon wIere vou mIgIL provIde some pIone servIces Lo u cIIenL, buL wouId never cuII LIuL
pIone, sucI us beIng u Iong dIsLunce provIder Ior un AX user. TIe second Is u peer. A peer Is
u cIIenL vou mIgIL puss cuIIs Lo, buL wouId never receIve cuIIs Irom. TIIs mIgIL be useIuI Lo
depIov u pIone LIuL onIv receIved cuIIs, or pussIng cuIIs Lo u specIuI use AsLerIsk server.
MosL commonIv, LIe server or devIce wouId need Lo be boLI u user und u peer. n LIuL
cuse, vou wouId deIIne LIem us u IrIend, wIIcI Is u sIorLcuL Ior boLI user und peer. A IrIend
cun boLI send cuIIs Lo LIe server und receIve cuIIs Irom LIe server. An AX desk IundseL
wouId probubIv IuII InLo LIIs cuLegorv, us wouId u remoLe server LIuL needed Lo uccess vour
IocuI exLensIons und uIso oIIered IL's exLensIons Lo vour server.
TIere ure severuI opLIons Ior uuLIenLIcuLIon und IosL deIInILIon. A cIIenL muv be
specIIIed bv specIIIc P uddress or resoIvubIe IosL nume, In wIIcI cuse no IurLIer
uuLIenLIcuLIon wIII be needed. A cIIenL muv uIso be specIIIed us dvnumIc, wILI or wILIouL u
pussword. DvnumIc IosLs muv uIso Iuve un P runge ussIgned LIuL LIev ure uIIowed Lo
connecL Irom, or un P runge LIuL Is specIIIcuIIv excIuded.
21
AuLIenLIcuLIon bv pussword Is uIso uvuIIubIe. A pussword Ior LIe cIIenL muv be
specIIIed, und LIree Loken pussIng meLIods ure uvuIIubIe, pIuInLexL, MD=, und RSA. PIuInLexL
Is LIe IeusL secure, und probubIv sIouIdn'L be used In IosLIIe envIronmenLs (over LIe InLerneL,
coIIege ANS) us LIe pusswords ure senL cIeur LexL und eusIIv recovered wILI snIIIer progrums.
MD= uses u one-wuv IusI LIuL mukes IL Iurder Lo geL LIe ucLuuI pussword. TIIs oIIers
mInImuI securILv uguInsL pussword snIIIIng, buL requIres LIuL LIe pusswords be sLored
pIuInLexL on LIe servers LIemseIves. RSA Is LIe mosL secure meLIod. n LIIs meLIod, pubIIc
kevJprIvuLe kev encrvpLIon IIke Secure SIeII Is used Lo uuLIenLIcuLe.
TIe IIrsL secLIon oI LIe Iux.conI IIIe Is LIe 'generuI' secLIon. n LIIs secLIon, generuI
opLIons cun be conIIgured. TIe deIuuILs In LIIs secLIon ure good Ior mosL svsLems, LIougI
some uppIIcuLIons muv cuII Ior udjusLIng LIe jILLer buIIer und codec seIecLIon opLIons Ior
beLLer perIormunce und bundwIdLI uLIIIzuLIon.
MosL cIIenLs wIII be 'IrIends,' LIe sIorLcuL Ior boLI user und peer. TIe sImpIesL wuv Lo
seL up u IrIend Is us u sLuLIc deIInILIon. n sucI cuse, no secreL or uuLIenLIcuLIon Is needed. An
P uddress or specIIIc IosLnume Is deIIned, und uII cuIIs rouLed Lo LIe peer wIII be senL Lo LIuL
P. AII IncomIng (user sIde cuIIs) presenLed us beIng Irom LIuL peer musL orIgInuLe Irom LIuL
P uddress or resoIvubIe IosLnume. SucI u IrIend wouId Iook IIke LIIs:
|IrIendnume|
Lvpe=IrIend
conLexL=IocuI
conLexL=deIuuIL
IosL=1z.168.1o.18
NoLe LIuL IrIends und users cun boLI Iuve muILIpIe conLexLs. Peers do noL need
conLexLs. WIen u IrIendJuser pusses u cuII Lo LIe server (wIIcI Is LIeIr peer) LIev cun specIIv
wIIcI oI LIe uvuIIubIe conLexLs LIev ure connecLIng InLo.
A more compIex IrIend deIInILIon uIIows Ior u dvnumIc IosL, wIIcI cun be open, or
IImILed Lo u runge oI P uddresses. TIIs cun be useIuI Ior P IundseLs LIuL geL dvnumIc P
uddresses Irom LIeIr DHCP server, or Ior u soILwure cIIenL on u IupLop LIuL couId Iuve unv P
uddress wIen IL uLLempLs u connecLIon. TIougI uuLIenLIcuLIon Is noL munduLorv even In LIIs
cuse, IL Is generuIIv recommended. An exumpIe oI u peer LIuL couId Iuve unv P wILIIn LIe
IocuI AN:
|IppIone|
Lvpe=IrIend
IosL=dvnumIc
uIIow=1z.168.o.1Jz==.z==.z==.o
denv=o.o.o.oJo.o.o.o
We cun udd busIc (pIuInLexL) uuLIenLIcuLIon Lo LIe mIx wILI LIIs uddILIon:
secreL=u_noL_verv_secreL_secreL
TIuL uuLIenLIcuLIon mIgIL suIIIce In u IocuI AN, buL reuIIv Isn'L mucI beLLer LIun no
uuLIenLIcuLIon uL uII. A moderuLeIv sLronger wuv Lo do LIIngs wouId be Lo use MD= sums
InsLeud oI LIe pusswords LIemseIves Lo do LIe cIeckIng. Add LIe IIne
uuLI=MD=
22
Lo LIe IrIend deIInILIon Lo muke sure LIe pussword ILseII Isn'L open Lo LIe uveruge snIIIer.
I we need Lo uccepL IosLs over LIe nLerneL, wILI wIuLever P uddress LIev Iuppen Lo Iuve uL
LIe momenL, we probubIv wunL someLIIng preLLv sLrong. n LIIs cuse RSA pubIIc kevJprIvuLe
kev uuLIenLIcuLIon Is LIe besL meLIod Lo ensure LIe InLegrILv oI vour pIone neLwork.
SeLLIng up RSA encrvpLIon does Luke u Iew exLru sLeps. You musL Iuve openssI InsLuIIed
on LIe svsLem Lo proceed.
TIe sLep IIrsL Is Lo generuLe u pubIIcJprIvuLe kev seL Ior use In LIe uuLIenLIcuLIon
process. You wIII use LIe IncIuded uLIIILv usLgenkev Lo do LIIs. To run LIe kevgen, run
usLgenkev uL u sIeII prompL. TIe progrum wIII prompL vou Ior u kev nume. TIIs wIII be LIe
nume oI LIe kev us reIerenced In Iux.conI. oIIowIng LIuL, LIe progrum wIII prompL vou Lo
enLer vour PEM kev LIree LImes. TIIs wIII be LIe kev pIruse used Lo 'InIL kevs' on usLerIsk
sLurLup.
III In LIese vuIues. TIe progrum wIII exIL, generuLIng Lwo IIIes, kevnume.kev und
kevnume.pub. Kevnume.kev Is LIe prIvuLe kev, und wIII be sLored IocuIIv (on LIe cIIenL.)
Kevnume.pub Is LIe pubIIc kev, und sIouId be sLored on LIe AsLerIsk server. Copv LIe prIvuLe
kev Lo JvurJIIbJusLerIskJkevs on LIe IocuI (cIIenL) mucIIne, und send LIe pubIIc kev Lo LIe
server mucIIne. PIuce LIe pubIIc kev In LIe sume IocuLIon, JvurJIIbJusLerIskJkevs.
To seL up usLerIsk Lo muke use oI LIese kevs, cIunge LIe 'uuLI' IIne In our sumpIe conIIg
ubove Lo reud:
uuLI=rsu
und udd LIe IoIIowIng IIne:
Inkevs=kevnume
On LIe cIIenL sIde, udd LIe IIne:
ouLkevs=kevnume
In u convenIenL pIuce In Iux.conI ( normuIIv puL ouLkevs beIore LIe IIrsL cIIenL deIInILIon.)
TIe IInuI opLIons uvuIIubIe on u per cIIenL busIs reIuLe Lo LIe CuII DeLuII Records uccounLubIIILv
und bIIIIng svsLem. You muv seL LIe umuIIugs Lo one oI deIuuIL, omIL, bIIIIng or
documenLuLIon. You muv uIso specIIv LIe uccounL code Lo uLLucI uII cuIIs Irom u purLIcuIur
cIIenL Lo.
TIose opLIons sIouId serve Lo demonsLruLe LIe uvuIIubIe purumeLers Ior AX cIIenL
deIInILIons. More compIeLe IIne-bv-IIne exumpIes ure beIow.
As menLIoned beIore, LIere ure some generuI opLIons uvuIIubIe Lo IIne Lune LIe
operuLIons oI LIe AX svsLem. TIese opLIons uppeur In LIe 'generuI' secLIon oI LIe IIIe. Bv
convenLIon, generuI opLIons ure seL beIore unv cIIenL deIInILIons.
TIe opLIons uvuIIubIe Lo Lune LIe server beIuvIor ure porL und bInduddr. PorL specIIIes
23
LIe P porL number Lo IIsLen on, normuIIv =o6. TIe bInduddr kevword specIIIes u purLIcuIur
P uddress Lo bInd Lo umong uvuIIubIe InLerIuces und uIIuses on LIe IosL svsLem.
DeIuuILs cun be seL Ior LIe umuIIugs und uccounLcode opLIons. TIese opLIons In LIe
generuI secLIon wIII uppIv Lo uII cIIenLs LIuL do noL Iuve LIem specIIIcuIIv overrIdden wILIIn
LIIer cIIenL deIInILIon .
TIere ure some opLIons uvuIIubIe Lo Lune LIe perIormunce oI LIe AX sLuck, purLIcuIurIv
useIuI In svsLems usIng VoP over consLrIcLed connecLIons or verv Iong nLerneL rouLes.
OpLIons cun be seL Lo conLroI wIIcI codecs ure ever used. AsLerIsk wIII uLLempL Lo seIecL LIe
besL codec und ruLe Ior LIe uvuIIubIe connecLIon. TIe sImpIesL wuv Lo seL LIIs Is Lo use LIe
bundwIdLI kevword, wIIcI Lukes one oI LIe uvuIuIbIe opLIons IIgI, medIum, or Iow. NoLe LIuL
LIIs opLIon wIII overrIde specIIIc uIIowJdIsuuIow opLIons.
or IIner-gruIned conLroI oI codecs, use LIe uIIow und dIsuIIow kevwords, und commenL
ouL LIe bundwIdLI kevword. TIe uvuIIubIe codecs ure gsm (wIIcI Is generuIIv preIerred, us IL
oIIers exceIIenL voIce quuIILv In u IuIrIv compucL sLreum,) Ipc1o (wIIcI Is smuIIer sLIII, buL
sounds mecIunIcuI or roboLIc Lo mosL eurs,) und g;z.1. NoLe LIuL due Lo
puLenL resLrIcLIons, AsLerIsk cunnoL encode or decode g;z.1 InLernuIIv, LIougI IL cun connecL
cIIenLs LogeLIer LIuL use LIIs codec. n uddILIon, vou muv uIIow uII, wIIcI Is LIe sume us
bundwIdLI=IIgI.
or even IIner conLroI oI AX beIuvIor, vou cun udjusL some seLLIngs Lo conLroI LIe jILLer
buIIer. TIe jILLer buIIer LrIes Lo compensuLe Ior LIe vurIuLIon In LImes beLween puckeLs, so
LIuL LIe sound doesn'L breuk wIen u puckeL Lukes u Iew mIIIIseconds Ionger LIun LIe prevIous.
You cun Lurn oII LIe jILLer buIIer enLIreIv, LIougI LIIs Is noL reuIIv recommended. OLIerwIse,
vou cun seL LIe muxImum sIze oI LIe jILLer buIIer, LIe muxImum drop ruLe (LIe ruLe uL wIIcI
puckeLs ure dropped Lo reduce IuLencv), und LIe muxImum excess buIIer.
SeLLIng LIe muxImum jILLer buIIer cun Improve perIormunce und reduce memorv
consumpLIon. Bv deIuuIL, we use u vuIue oI =oo, wIIcI works Ior mosL connecLIons. SeLLIng
LIe drop ruLe cun Improve IuLencv uL LIe expense oI u bIL oI quuIILv. RuIsIng LIe drop ruLe wIII
cuuse AsLerIsk Lo drop puckeLs (poLenLIuIIv producIng 'breuks' In LIe uudIo) In order Lo reduce
LIe IuLencv oI LIe conversuLIon und reduce LIe jILLer buIIer (und Ience, LIe memorv usuge.)
SeLLIng LIe muxImum excess jILLer buIIer wIII cuuse AsLerIsk Lo uLLempL Lo muInLuIn un empLv
buIIer oI LIe sIze deIIned, bv more uggressIveIv droppIng puckeLs Lo Iorce LIe buIIer Lo sIrInk.
n LIe cuse oI LIe deIuuIL vuIues (jILLerbuIIer==oo, muxexcessbuIIer=1oo) AsLerIsk wIII Lrv Lo
sIowIv sIrInk LIe jILLer buIIer wIen usuge exceeds qoo.
TIe IusL opLIons In LIe generuI secLIon reIuLe Lo regIsLruLIon wILI unoLIer server.
RegIsLerIng Is noL necessurv II LIe cIIenL Is specIIIed bv specIIIc P. I LIe cIIenL Is dvnumIc, IL
wIII Iuve Lo regIsLer Lo LIe IosL so LIe server cun IInd IL wIen u cuII urrIves. RegIsLruLIon cun
be done wILI or wILIouL uuLIenLIcuLIon, oI course. TIe IormuL oI u regIsLer enLrv Is IIke LIIs:
wILI no pussword:
regIsLer => cIIenLOusLerIsk.wIdgeLs.neL
wILI u pussword (pIuInLexL or MD=):
regIsLer => cIIenL:pusswordOusLerIsk.wIdgeL.neL
24
usIng RSA:
regIsLer => cIIenL:|kevnume|OusLerIsk.wIdgeLs.neL
RegIsLerIng Iuppens on LIe peer sIde, so LIuL LIe server cun puss cuIIs Lo LIe cIIenL. n LIe
cuse oI u IrIend (or user) LIe pussword or kev nume wIII uIso need Lo be used In
exLensIons.conI Lo puss cuIIs Lo LIe server. More Is uvuIIubIe on LIuL In LIe secLIon on
exLensIons.conI.
Now, IeL's Iook uL u compIeLe sImpIe exumpIe.
;Up Iere uL LIe Lop, we'II seL LIe generuI opLIons. TIIs Lug denoLes LIe begInnIng oI LIe
;generuI secLIon
|generuI|
;we'II seL LIe porL und P Ior LIe server
porL==o6
;n LIIs cuse, wunL Lo IIsLen on uII InLerIuces, so commenL LIIs ouL
;bInduddr=1z.168.o.1
;we'II seL some deIuuIL uccounLubIIILv opLIons
umuIIugs=deIuuIL
uccounLcode=corpInLernuIo1
;now we'II geL Lo LIe codec opLIons
;LIIs opLIon Is commenLed ouL, we'II use uIIowJdIsuIIow InsLeud
;bundwIdLI=Iow
;uIIow onIv cerLuIn codecs
dIsuIIow=g;z.1
dIsuIIow=Ipc1o
uIIow=gsm
;und seL some jILLer buIIer opLIons
;LIIs Is unnecessurv, IL's deIuuIL uIreudv
jILLerbuIIer=ves
;LIe IncIuded IIIes use LIree, buL perIups mv connecLIon Ius Loo munv Iops
dropcounL==
;seL u sune muxImum, Lo uvoId runuwuv memorv
muxjILLerbuIIer==oo
;und IeL IL know wIen Lo 'soILIv' puII LIe jILLer buIIer down, so IL doesn'L run ouL und geL ;ugIv
muxexcessbuIIer=1oo
; Iuve u coupIe oI sIsLer servers LIuL um u peer Lo. One Is InLernuI und LIe oLIer Is u ;remoLe
InLerneL IosL
; use pIuInLexL InsIde, cuuse LrusL mv neLwork (Iumous IusL words)
25
regIsLer => server1:IIoodIeOserverz.wIdgeL.neL
;over LIe neL Is u dIIIerenL sLorv, 'II use RSA Ior LIuL
regIsLer => server1:|mvkev|OremoLeserver.wIdgeL.neL
;Don'L IorgeL Lo Ioud mv RSA kev(s)
ouLkevs=mvkev:mvoLIerkev
;Now cun sLurL wILI LIe cIIenLs.
;un P pIone LIuL onIv rIngs, buL cun'L be cuIIed LIrougI. SInce IL onIv recIeves cuIIs Irom ;me,
IL's u peer
|LroubIe|
Lvpe=peer
IosL=1z.168.o.1
;In LIIs cuse, um u user...Iere's wIuL 'II send IIm Lo uuLIenLIcuLe us IIs user
usernume=server1
secreL=Ioo_bur
; Iuve unoLIer pIone LIuL's u user. never rIng IL, buL L cun be used Lo dIuI oLIers
|dIuIouL|
Lvpe=user
secreL=bur_Ioo
;jusL Lo be on LIe suIe sIde
uuLI=md=
;IL Ius Lo regIsLer, becuuse don'L know wIere IL Is
IosL=dvnumIc
;excepL LIuL IL beLLer be In mv AN
uIIow=1z.168.o.1Jz==.z==.z==.o
denv=o.o.o.oJo.o.o.o
;LIe boss wunL's Lo know Iow mucI LIIs pIone geLs used
uccounLcode=dIuIouL1
umuIIugs=documenLuLIon
;und 'II seL LIe cuIIer D on IL, us weII
cuIIerId="BusemenL PIone" <(zq) =6; 8o1>
;LIe mujorILv oI mv Iux cIIenLs wIII be IrIends, us we'II puss cuIIs buck und IorLI
;vou'II recognIzer LIese Lwo, becuuse regIsLer Lo LIem us u peer so LIev cun gIve me cuIIs
; won'L seL cuIIer Ds, even LIougI LIev ure users, becuuse LIev'II puss me LIIer own
|serverz|
Lvpe=IrIend
uuLI=pIuInLexL
secreL=buI_Iumbug
uIIow=1z.168.o.1Jz==.z==.z==.o
denv=o.o.o.oJo.o.o.o
|remoLeserver|
Lvpe=IrIend
uuLI=md=
Inkevs=remoLekev
IosL=dvnumIc
; cun seL u deIuuIL, In cuse IL Iusn'L regIsLered veL, 'II Lrv LIIs.
26
deIuuILIp=z.1zz.1qq.z
SeLLIng up SP cIunneIs
TIe sIp.conI IIIe Is JeLcJusLerIsk Is used Lo conIIgure
SeLLIng up H.z cIunneIs
TIIs secLIon Ius noL veL been wrILLen
ConIiuorinu Applicutions
TIe more compIex uppIIcuLIon servIces need Lo be conIIgured prIor Lo use. n LIIs
cIupLer, we wIII prepure voIcemuII, seL up conIerence brIdges, und conIIgure LIe musIc on IoId
svsLem Ior our conIIguruLIon.
VoIcemuII -
TIe voIcemuII svsLem Is conIIgured In LIe IIIe 'voIcemuII.conI.` n LIIs IIIe, MuIIboxes
ure ussocIuLed wILI un owner's nume, pussword, und un e-muII uddress Lo noLIIv wIen u new
messuge Is receIved. A muIIbox musL be creuLed Ior LIe user us weII.
TIe IusLesL wuv Lo creuLe u muIIbox Is Lo use LIe 'uddmuIIbox' scrIpL provIded bv LIe
AsLerIsk InsLuIIuLIon. SImpIv run LIIs uppIIcuLIon us rooL (or someone wIo Ius wrILe
permIssIons Lo JvurJspooIJusLerIskJvm.) L wIII prompL Ior u muIIbox number. EnLer LIe
number, und LIe scrIpL wIII creuLe LIe dIrecLorv JvurJspooIJusLerIskJvmJ|boxnumber| und
copv LIe deIuuIL busv, unuvuIIubIe, und greeLIng messuges (Iound In JvurJIIbJusLerIskJsounds)
Lo LIIs dIrecLorv.
ConIIguruLIon Is necessurv In voIcemuII.conI, us weII. EucI muIIbox sIouId Iuve un
enLrv In LIe voIcemuII.conI IIIe In LIIs IormuL.
|muIIboxnumber| => |pusskev|,|User Nume|,|emuIIOuddress.com|
6161 => 1zq,Jumes MurdocI,jmurdocIOwIdgeLs.com
TIe pusskev wIII be used wIen LIe box owner needs Lo uccess IIs voIce messuges over
LIe pIone. TIe usernume Is reIerenced bv LIe DIrecLorv uppIIcuLIon (more on LIuL In LIe
secLIon on dIrecLorv.) TIe IusL enLrv Is LIe emuII uddress LIe messuge wuILIng noLIIIcuLIon
sIouId be senL Lo.
ConIerence BrIdges -
ConIerence BrIdges ure conIIgured In LIe IIIe meeLme.conI. n meeLme.conI we IIsL LIe
conIerence rooms uvuIIubIe. EucI conIerence room Ius u number, wIIcI wIII be reIerenced
wIen LIe uppIIcuLIon Is cuIIed Irom wILIIn exLensIons.conI. TIe uppIIcuLIon cun uIso be cuIIed
wILIouL u room number, In wIIcI cuse LIe cuIIer wIII be prompLed Ior u room number. TIe
IormuL oI meeLme.conI Is:
conI => |roomnumber|
27
Room number cun be unv numerIc sLrIng. Once u room Ius been deIIned In
meeLme.conI, IL Is uvuIIubIe Lo LIe meeLme uppIIcuLIon.
MusIc On HoId -
TIe MusIc On HoId uppIIcuLIon provIdes buckground uudIo Ior purked or IeId cuIIs,
und durIng cuII LrunsIers. AudIo IIIes ure sLored In LIe common mp IormuL, LvpIcuIIv In
JvurJIIbJusLerIskJmoImp. MuILIpIe 'cIusses' cun be conIIgured und used, eucI wILI dIIIerenL
uudIo IIIe coIIecLIons.
ConIIgurIng MusIc on HoId
CIusses ure conIIgured In JeLcJusLerIskJmusIconIoId.conI. EucI cIuss sLuLemenL comes
In LIIs IormuL:
|cIussnume| => mp:|JIuIIJpuLIJLoJmpJdIr|, |exLru urgs Lo mpg1z|
CIussnume wIII be LIe nume reIerenced In exLensIons.conI (see SeLMusIcOnHoId)
CurrenLIv, Lwo muIn pIuvbuck modes exIsL, mp und quIeLmp. QuIeLmp Is IdenLIcuI Lo mp,
excepL LIuL IL reduces LIe voIume bv ;= percenL. TIe puLI sIouId Ieud Lo un uccessIbIe
dIrecLorv conLuInIng one or more mp IIIes. Bv deIuuIL, IIIes wIII be pIuved In uIpIunumerIc
order. ArgumenLs cun be pussed Lo mpg1z, uILer LIe puLI deIInILIon. A common use wouId
be Lo puL mpg1z In sIuIIIe or rundom mode wILI LIe '-z' opLIons
rundom => mp:JvurJIIbJusLerIskJmoImp, -z
We ure uIreudv usIng LIe -q, -s, --mono, und -r opLIons, und seLLIng LIe sumpIIng ruLe
Lo 8ooo. Be cureIuI noL Lo overrIde LIese opLIons bIIndIv. TIe AsLerIsk MusIc On HoId
urcIILecLure depends on LIe verv common Iree mpeg uudIo decoder progrum 'mpg1z.'
TIougI mosL dIsLrIbuLIons sIIp wILI LIIs progrum bv deIuuIL, IL muv need Lo be InsLuIIed on
LIe IocuI svsLem. Some newer svsLems Iuve repIuced mpg1z wILI u work-uIIke progrum
cuIIed 'mpgz1.' TIIs progrum does noL work Ior AsLerIsk MusIc On HoId, becuuse IL does noL
properIv ImpIemenL some oI LIe resumpIIng IeuLures used Lo generuLe pIone quuIILv mono
uudIo. I vou experIence 'druggIng' uudIo IIIes LIuL pIuv buck uL Iower speeds LIun LIev sIouId,
LIIs Is mosL IIkeIv LIe probIem.
BuIIdIng LIe dIuI pIun - exLensIons.conI
ExLensIons.conI Is dIvIded InLo secLIons bv conLexL. EucI secLIon begIns wILI LIe
conLexL nume, IoIIowed bv LIe IIsL oI exLensIons wILIIn LIuL conLexL, und unv IncIudes LIuL wIII
udded. CommenLs ure proceeded bv u semIcoIon (;), noL LIe more common IusI (#), becuuse
LIuL's u dIgIL.
A LvpIcuI PBX exLensIon Lukes u cuIIer LIrougI u number oI sLeps. A common desk exLensIon,
Ior InsLunce, wIII rIng u pIone Ior u perIod oI LIme, LIen roII over Lo voIcemuII. AILer
voIcemuII, II LIe cuIIer does noL dIsconnecL, we mIgIL wunL Lo cIrcIe LIe cuIIer buck Lo un
eurIIer menu, sucI us LIe enLrv menu LIuL oIIers u dIrecLorv.
28
WILIIn AsLerIsk, eucI exLensIon Is u numbered IIsL oI uppIIcuLIons Lo run. NOTE: TIere
ure u sIzubIe number oI uppIIcuLIons uvuIIubIe. TIIs cIupLer does noL uLLempL Lo documenL LIe
upps LIemseIves. See 'AppendIx B: AppIIcuLIons' Ior deLuIIed InIormuLIon ubouL eucI
uppIIcuLIon. Everv ucLIon LIe PBX Lukes Is un uppIIcuLIon, Irom sImpIe upps IIke DIuI (dIuI u
cIunneI, und connecL LIe Lwo cIunneIs II unvone unswers) Lo more compIex IuncLIons, sucI us
receIvIng u voIcemuII messuge Irom LIe cuIIer. We cuII eucI sLep oI LIe exLensIon LIe prIorILv.
Here's u sImpIe exumpIe oI u mosLIv compIeLe desk exLensIon.
;Run dIuI on u specIIIed cIunneI (rIng u pIone)
;n LIIs cuse, we ure rIngIng ZupLeI cIunneI 1z,
;Ior zo seconds beIore movIng Lo prIorILv z
exLen => 6ooo,1,DIuI,ZupJ1z]zo
;Imm, no one unswered. guess we'II jusL Luke u messuge.
exLen => 6ooo,z,VoIcemuII,u6ooo
UsIng LIe second IeveI oI prIorILIes Ior busv cIunneIs, we cun creuLe u dIIIerenL response wIen
uII cIunneIs reIerenced ure busv. We use LIe prIorILv serIes 1XX.
exLen => 1oz,VoIcemuII,b6ooo
n LIIs exumpIe, LIe onIv LIIng cIunged wus LIe roIIover messuge wIen we go Lo voIcemuII,
InsLeud oI pIuvIng u messuge suvIng LIe person Is unuvuIIubIe, we pIuved u messuge suvIng LIe
person Is busv.
Speciul Ixtensions
AsLerIsk Ius LIree specIuI exLensIons IL Iooks Ior under deIIned cIrcumsLunces. TIe 's'
exLensIon Is used Ior 'sLurL.' WIen u cuIIer urrIves In u conLexL wILIouL goIng Lo u purLIcuIur
exLensIon. AsLerIsk wIII Iook Ior 's' und run LIuL exLensIon. or exumpIe, wIen AsLerIsk
unswers u rIngIng ouLsIde IIne, IL wIII sLurL wILI exLensIon s In LIe InILIuI conLexL Ior LIuL
cIunneI. or exumpIe:
;pIuv u 'TIunks Ior cuIIIng' uudIo IIIe.
exLen => s,1,PIuvbuck,LIunksIor
As soon us AsLerIsk unswers u IIne In LIIs conLexL, IL wIII pIuv buck LIe specIIIed uudIo IIIe.
ExLensIon 'L' Is used wIen u cuIIer LImes ouL, sucI us wIIIe wuILIng Ior user InpuL.
WILIouL LIe 'L' exLensIon, AsLerIsk wIII dump u cuIIer once LIe LImeouL Is reucIed. UsIng LIIs
exLensIon, we cun properIv IundIe LIIs condILIon. TIIs exLensIon wIII recIrcuIuLe LIe cuIIer Lo
LIe sLurL exLensIon Ior IIs conLexL.
exLen => L,1,GoLo,s]1
TIe LIIrd specIuI exLensIon Is 'I', used wIen u cuIIer dIuIs un InvuIId exLensIon, one
wIIcI does noL exIsL In LIe cuIIers conLexL.
29
exLen => I,1,PIuvbuck,InvuIId
exLen => I,z,GoLo,s]1
TIe IuLesL specIuI exLensIon Is 'o` Lo go Lo un operuLor. TIIs exLensIon Is used wILIIn LIe
VoIcemuII uppIIcuLIon. I u user presses zero durIng LIe VoIcemuII dIuIog, AsLerIsk wIII Iook
Ior un exLensIon 'o` wIIcI wouId presumubIv be u GoLo or sImIIur Lo Luke LIe cuIIer Lo LIe
recepLIonIsL`s pIone.
exLen => o,1,GoLo,6ooo
wIere 6ooo wouId be LIe recepLIonIsL`s exLensIon (or wIereever vou wouId wunL Lo send LIe
cuIIer.
Inclodes und Gotos
ncIudes und GoLos provIde IIexIbIIILv wILIIn LIe dIuI pIun. TIe IncIude sLuLemenL
mukes exLensIons In one conLexL uvuIIubIe Lo unoLIer, opLIonuIIv wILI u LIme urgumenL. TIe
busIc Iorm Is :
IncIude => unoLIerconLexL
TIuL sLuLemenL wIII uncondILIonuIIv oIIer uII LIe exLensIons In 'unoLIerconLexL' Lo
cuIIers In LIe IncIudIng conLexL. TIme purumeLers udded Lo IncIudes cun uIIow us Lo muke
exLensIons uvuIIubIe durIng purLs oI LIe duv. We cun cIunge LIe menu our cuIIers receIve bv
IncIudIng conLexLs wILI dIIIerenL 's' exLensIons durIng ouL oI busIness Iours, or onIv uIIow use
oI some servIces durIng cerLuIn purLs oI LIe duv.
We cun suppIv LIese LIme dependunL urgumenLs Lo IncIude conLexLs durIng cerLuIn LImes or
duvs.
IncIude => unoLIerconLexL]LIme-runge]duv-runge]duvs oI monLI]monLIs
IncIude => unoLIerconLexL]o:oo-18:oo]mon-wed,IrI]]1-11
Spuns muv be IndIcuLed wILI u dusI, sucI us mon-IrI, und sepuruLed wILI u commu, sucI us
mon-wed,IrI. Anv LIme cun be specIIIed wILI u wIIdcurd. TIe ubove IncIude sLuLemenL
uppIIes beLween LIe Iours oI um und 6pm (18:oo), on Monduv LIougI Wednesduv und
rIduv, Junuurv LIrougI November.
GoLos ure used Lo go Irom unv exLensIon In LIe dIuI pIun Lo unv oLIer exLensIon. GoLos
cun jump Lo exLensIons In LIe sume or oLIer conLexLs, und Lo specIIIc prIorILIes wILIIn LIe
LurgeL exLensIon. TIe IormuL Is:
GoLo,conLexL]exLensIon]prIorILv
NoL uII vuIues ure necessurv. GoLo wIII ussume one urgumenL Is u prIorILv, Lwo urgumenLs ure
un exLensIon und prIorILv, und LIree urgumenLs ure conLexL, exLensIon und prIorILv.
'GoLo,1' wIII jump Lo prIorILv one In LIe sume exLensIon, wIIIe
30
'GoLo,s]1' wIII jump Lo LIe 's' exLensIon, prIorILv 1, In LIe sume conLexL.
'GoLo,IocuI]s]1' wIII jump Lo LIe IocuI conLexL, exLrensIon s, prIorILv 1.
GoLo Is useIuI wIen vou need Lo move u cuIIer Lo u purLIcuIur exLensIon, or wIen u cuIIer
In one conLexL needs uccess Lo un exLensIon In unoLIer conLexL, buL noL uII oI LIe exLensIons In
LIuL conLexL.
Ixtension mutchinu -
n some cuses, we muv wunL Lo rouLe cuIIs bused on purL oI LIe exLensIon dIuIed. We
couId need Lo puss uII exLensIons begInnIng wILI '6' Lo unoLIer server, or jump Lo unoLIer
conLexL Lo rouLe cerLuIn exLensIons wILIouL IncIudIng LIe enLIre conLexL. CommonIv, we wIII
need Lo rouLe uII cuIIs begInnIng wILI '' In LIe sume wuv, pussIng LIem Lo un ouLsIde IIne.
or LIIs purpose, AsLerIsk IeuLures un exLensIon wIIdcurd svsLem Lo muLcI purLs oI
dIuIed exLensIons. or InsLunce, we mIgIL sImpIv wunL Lo rouLe unvone pressIng Lo un
ouLsIde IIne, und IeL LIem send LIe resL oI LIeIr dIgILs sLruIgIL Lo our servIce provIder. I we
proceed un exLensIon wILI un underscore (_) AsLerIsk wIII InLerpreL LIuL exLensIon us u
wIIdcurd. DIgILs wIII be muLcIed exucLIv, und Lwo muLcIIng svmboIs wIII be uvuIIubIe, 'N' und
'X.'
'N' muLcIes unv dIgIL greuLer LIun 1. 'X' muLcIes unv dIgIL. n our sumpIe, we cun uIIow
cuIIers Lo uccess LIe ouLsIde IIne und puss unv pIone number Lo LIe servIce provIder wILI LIIs
exLensIon muLcI:
exLen => _NXXXXXX,1,SLrIpMSD,1
exLen => _NXXXXXX,1,DIuI,ZupJgzJBYEXTENSON
n LIIs cuse, we muLcIed unv exLensIon begInnIng wILI , IoIIowed bv u number greuLer
LIun 1, und u LoLuI oI 8 dIgILs IncIudIng LIe , dIrecLIv Lo gz. TIe gz wouId IndIcuLe
group #z In zupuLu.conI. AssumpLIveIv, LIuL wouId be LIe group conLuInIng our ouLsIde (XO)
InLerIuces.
TIIs muLcI Is quILe specIIIc, und wIII onIv uIIow IocuI cuIIs (In LIe US, uL IeusL.) SInce LIe
muLcI excIudes 1 us LIe IIrsL dIgIL uILer LIe nIne, LIIs exLensIon wIII onIv muLcI IocuI cuIIs, und
wIII noL uIIow cuIIers Lo uccess Iong dIsLunce.
BYEXTENSON LeIIs AsLerIsk Lo connecL LIe specIIIed cIunneI, und send LIe dIgIL
sLrIng wIoIe Lo LIe receIvIng cIunneI. n LIIs cuse, LIIs meuns LIuL wIen u muLcI Is Iound,
open cIunneI gz (or ucLuuIIv, LIe IIrsL uvuIIubIe cIunneI In group z) und pusses LIe pIone
number Lo LIe oLIer end oI LIe cIunneI. TIe SLrIpMSD uppIIcuLIon sLrIps LIe IIrsL dIgIL Irom
LIe number beIore sendIng, so LIuL LIe nIne Isn'L senL Lo LIe provIde, wIIcI oI course wouId
mungIe LIe cuII und geL un error messuge buck.
We cun sepuruLeIv muLcI Iong dIsLunce cuIIs (In LIe US) bv creuLIng u muLcI Lo
_1NXXNXXXXXX. TIuL wouId muLcI unv domesLIc Iong dIsLunce cuII, buL wouId noL muLcI
un InLernuLIonuI cuII.
MuLcIIng InLernuLIonuI cuIIs cun geL verv LrIckv, us dIIIerenL counLrIes use dIIIerenL
numberIng scIemes, und u Iew counLrIes, sucI us Germunv, do noL Iuve u unIversuI IengLI Ior
pIone numbers. or mosL compunIes, sImpIv uIIowIng u group oI cIunneIs uccess Lo uII
31
InLernuLIonuI cuIIs Is suIIIcIenL. SImpIv gIvIng LrusLed users open uccess Lo LIe ouLsIde IIne,
wILI u muLcI Ior _X, couId do LIuL. However, II vou wIsI Lo specIIIcuIIv resLrIcL InLernuLIonuI
cuIIs Lo cerLuIn counLrIes, vou muv creuLe exLensIon muLcIes conLuInIng counLrv codes, und
Iuve uLLempLs Lo dIuI unupproved counLrIes resuIL In no muLcI.
Breukinu down un extension.
EucI exLensIon consIsLs oI u serIes oI prIorILIes. n eucI prIorILv, un uppIIcuLIon Is
cuIIed. EucI uppIIcuLIon muv Luke opLIonuI urgumenLs, sucI us u voIce muII box Ior LIe
voIcemuII upp, und cIunneIs pussed Lo LIe dIuI upp. TIe IormuL oI u sIngIe prIorILv Is:
exLen => |exLen|,|prIorILv|,|uppIIcuLIon|,|urgumenLs|
ookIng uL u sumpIe desk exLensIon cIoseIv, we cun see Iow LIese IInes come LogeLIer.
or LIe IIrsL prIorILv, we run LIe 'DIuI' uppIIcuLIon, pussIng us un urgumenL LIe cIunneI Lo dIuI
und u LImeouL In seconds. More ubouL LIe DIuI upp cun be Iound In AppendIx B, AppIIcuLIons.
exLen => 6o;o,1,DIuI,ZupJ1o]zo
AssumIng no one unswers, we'II IuII LIrougI Lo LIe nexL prIorILv. n LIe nexL prIorILv,
we run LIe VoIcemuII upp, pussIng u voIcemuII box us un urgumenL.
exLen => 6o;o,z,VoIcemuII,u6o;o
TIe voIcemuII uppIIcuLIon wIII uuLomuLIcuIIv dIsconnecL LIe cuIIer uILer LIe messuge Is
receIved. u6o;o LeIIs voIcemuII Lo pIuv LIe unuvuIIubIe messuge, us opposed Lo LIe busv
(b6o;o) messuge. More ubouL voIcemuII cun be Iound In AppendIx B, AppIIcuLIons.
I LIe pIone IIne Is busv, AsLerIsk wIII Iook Ior LIe nexL prIorILv, +1oo. I PrIorILv 1,
DIuI, IInds LIe LurgeL cIunneI busv, IL wIII Iook Ior prIorILv 1oz, InsLeud oI prIorILv z. TIe
sImpIesL use oI LIIs Is Lo cIunge LIe messuge pIuved bv LIe voIcemuII. We mIgIL uIso oIIer
LIem LIe opporLunILv Lo wuIL, und Lrv uguIn uILer some umounL oI LIme. We cun do LIIs:
exLen => 6o;o,1oz,VoIcemuII,b6o;o
Lsinu Asterisk to creute luyered Voice Response Menos
UsIng conLexL swILcIIng und GoLos, AsLerIsk cun be conIIgured Lo creuLe Iuvered voIce
menus. A LvpIcuI use Ior LIIs wouId be Lo prompL peopIe cuIIIng LIe compunv number, und
guLIer InIormuLIon Irom LIem Lo rouLe LIeIr cuII correcLIv.
We cun creuLe u voIce response menu on exLensIon 's' Ior our IncomIng cuIIers. We use
LIe sIsLer uppIIcuLIons PIuvbuck und Buckground Lo pIuv voIce prompLs. PIuvbuck und
Buckground dIIIer onIv In LIuL Buckground excepLs user InpuL wIIIe pIuvIng, und PIuvbuck
Ignores dIgIL presses Irom LIe user. We cun 'PIuvbuck' u sIorL weIcome, LIen buckground LIe
menu ILseII.
PerIups u coupIe oI depurLmenLs Iuve LIeIr own specIuI menus, Lo presenL opLIons
specIIIc Lo LIose depurLmenLs. We cun use GoLo's Lo jump Irom LIIs menu Lo LIe 's' exLensIon
In unoLIer conLexL wIere LIe nexL menu resIdes.
32
|sLurL|
IncIude => desks
exLen => s,1,PIuvbuck,weIcome
exLen => s,z,Buckground,menu1
exLen => s,,WuIL,zo
exLen => s,q,GoLo,s]z
exLen => 1,1,GoLo.suIes]s]1
exLen => z,1,GoLo,sIIppIng]s]1
exLen => ,1,GoLo,supporL]s]1
exLen => q,1,DIrecLorv,desks
Here, we muke LIem IIsLen Lo u weIcome messuge (TIunks Ior cuIIIng . . . ). We IoIIow
LIuL bv buckgroundIng u menu, so LIuL LIe cuIIer pIck LIeIr cIoIce us soon us LIev Ieur IL. AILer
pIuvIng LIe menu, we'II wuIL zo seconds, und pIuv IL uguIn. ExLensIon 1 jumps Lo u suIes
depurLmenL conLexL conLuInIng IL's own menu svsLem. ExLensIons z und jump Lo sImIIur
conLexLs Ior sIIppIng und supporL. ExLensIon q runs LIe DIrecLorv uppIIcuLIon, wIIcI
uLLempLs Lo muLcI u cuIIer wILI LIe correcL exLensIon bused on LIe nume oI LIe person LIev ure
LrvIng Lo reucI (AppendIx B). I we muke 'sLurL' LIe InILIuI conLexL Ior IncomIng cuIIs, LIIs
menu wIII uuLomuLIcuIIv be pIuved wIen u cuII Is receIved. We couId uIso IncIude sLurL unoLIer
conLexL und muke LIe exLensIon 's' uvuIIubIe LIuL wuv.
n order Lo muke dIrecL dIuIIng oI desk exLensIons possIbIe, we uIso IncIuded LIe 'desks'
conLexL, wIIcI In LIIs cuse sIouId be u conLexL wILI LIe dIrecL dIuI exLensIons Ior eucI oI our
empIovees.
CusLom uudIo IIIes cun be creuLed wILI LIe Record uppIIcuLIon. We cun creuLe un
exLensIon Lo record un uudIo IIIe, und use LIose IIIes wILI LIe pIuvbuck und buckground upps
Lo cusLomIze LIe menus und prompLs Ior u PBX.
exLen => ooo,1,Record,Ioo]gsm
TIuL exLensIon wIII record u IIIe 'Ioo.gsm' In LIe deIuuIL sounds dIrecLorv. See AppendIx B.
Settinu op some initiul deIuolts
OILen, we muv wunL Lo seL some InILIuI deIuuILs Ior vurIous beIuvIours. A number oI
uppIIcuLIons ure uvuIIubIe Lo seL up sucI LIIngs us LImeouLs und musIc on IoId cIusses. TIe 's'
exLensIon Is oILen used Ior LIIs purpose.
;seL some deIuuILs
exLen => s,1,SeLResponseTImouL,zo
exLen => s,z,SeLDIgILTImeouL,1o
exLen => s,,SeLMusIcOnHoId,deIuuIL
;LIe menu
exLen => s,q,PIuvbuck,weIcome
exLen => s,=,Buckground,menu1
exLen => s,6,WuIL,zo
exLen => s,;,GoLo,s]=
33
;LIe opLIons
exLen => 1,1,GoLo.suIes]s]1
exLen => z,1,GoLo,sIIppIng]s]1
exLen => ,1,GoLo,supporL]s]1
exLen => q,1,DIrecLorv,desks
;specIuI exLensIons
exLen => L,1,GoLo,s]=
exLen => I,1,PIuvbuck,InvuIId
exLen => I,z,GoLo,s]=
Brinuinu it ull touether - u sumple Iile.
WILI our dIuIpIun desIgned, we cun creuLe un exLensIons.conI IIIe. A sImpIe
exLensIon.conI IIIe mIgIL be u sIngIe conLexL, buL mosL wIII need more conLexLs. TIIs sIouId
provIde u decenL exumpIe oI LIe Iow u smuII busIness svsLem wouId be IuId ouL.
;LIe sLurLIng conLexL Ior IncomIng cuIIs
|sLurL|
;seL some deIuuILs
exLen => s,1,SeLResponseTImouL,zo
exLen => s,z,SeLDIgILTImeouL,1o
exLen => s,,SeLMusIcOnHoId,deIuuIL
;LIe menu
exLen => s,q,PIuvbuck,weIcome
exLen => s,=,Buckground,menu1
exLen => s,6,WuIL,zo
exLen => s,;,GoLo,s]=
;LIe opLIons
exLen => 1,1,GoLo.suIes]s]1
exLen => z,1,GoLo,sIIppIng]s]1
exLen => ,1,GoLo,supporL]s]1
exLen => q,1,DIrecLorv,desks
;specIuI exLensIons
exLen => L,1,GoLo,s]=
exLen => I,1,PIuvbuck,InvuIId
exLen => I,z,GoLo,s]=
;our empIovees exLensIons
|desks|
exLen => 6o;o,1,DIuI,ZupJ1o]zo
exLen => 6o;o,z,VoIcemuII,u6o;o
exLen => 6o;o,1oz,VoIcemuII,b6o;o
exLen => 6o;1,1,DIuI,ZupJ11]zo
exLen => 6o;1,z,VoIcemuII,u6o;1
exLen => 6o;1,1oz,VoIcemuII,b6o;1
34
;more sImIIur enLrIes Ior eucI empIovee
|servIce|
;puL some InLernuI servIces In LIIs conLexL
exLen => 8=oo,1,VoIcemuIIMuIn
exLen => 86oo,1,MeeLme,86oo
exLen => 86o1,1,MeeLme,86o1
exLen => 86oz,1,MeeLme,86oz
;und LIe exLensIon Lo dIuI ouL cun be Iere Loo.
exLen => ,1,DIuI,ZupJgzJBYEXTENSON
;creuLe Lwo conLexLs Lo be used us InILIuI conLexLs
;we use IncIudes Lo conLroI wIo geLs wIIcI servIces
|IocuI|
;LIIs wIII be our conLexLs Ior IncomIng cuIIs
IncIude => sLurL
IncIude => desks
|deIuuIL|
;LIIs Is our conLexL Ior InLernuI users
;dIuI Lone conLInues uILer LIev dIuI
IgnorepuL =>
IncIude => desks
IncIude => servIce
;gIve uccess Lo cuII purkIng. See uppendIx B
IncIude => purkedcuIIs
TIuL conIIguruLIon wouId provIde u sImpIe Irumework Ior u PBX. Advunced IeuLures
couId be udded Lo IL Lo enIunce LIe IuncLIonuIILv. One LIuL muv muke sense Ior munv
InsLuIIuLIons Is DIrecL SvsLem nwurd Access (DSA), wIIcI uIIows us Lo uuLIenLIcuLe un
ouLsIde cuIIer und grunL LIem uccess Lo u more prIvIIeged conLexL. We mIgIL udd u DSA Lo
LIe 'sLurL' conLexL, und uIIow our empIovees Lo uuLIenLIcuLe und geL uccess Lo LIe compunv
conIerence rooms und voIcemuII servIces.
See AppendIx A, SumpIe conIIguruLIons, Ior exumpIes oI oLIer conIIguruLIons und
opLIons uvuIIubIe.
35
AppendIx A - SumpIe ConIIguruLIons
TIIs uppendIx conLuIns some sumpIe conIIguruLIons Lo use us u reIerence Ior
conIIgurIng vour AsLerIsk server.
Home Voicemuil - u simple setop.
AsLerIsk cun be combIned wILI u sIngIe XO cIunneI Lo provIde u nIce voIcemuII svsLem
Ior u Iome user. TIe cIunneI sIouId NOT be seL Lo uuLounswer.
;LIIs sIouId be LIe InILIuI conLexL Ior LIe Ixo IIne, us seL In zupuLu.conI
|IncomIng|
;wuIL zo seconds Ior someone Lo pIckup
exLen => s,1,WuIL,zo
exLen => s,z,Answer
;PIuv u LIunk vou, und oIIer LIree muII boxes
;Ior dIIIerenL members oI LIe IouseIoId
exLen => s,,PIuvbuck,LIunks
exLen => s,q,Buckground,menu
;LIe muII boxes
;LIese sIouId be conIIgured In voIcemuII.conI und generuLed wILI uddmuIIbox
exLen => 1,1,VoIcemuII,1
exLen => z,1,VoIcemuII,z
exLen => ,1,VoIcemuII,
;sIouId proIIv be possIbIe Lo cIeck LIe voIcemuII
exLen => 8=oo,1,VoIcemuIIMuIn
A more compIex Iome seLup, wILI one Ixs und one Ixo.
TIIs seLup uses some nIcer opLIons, becuuse wILI LIe Ixs cIunneI, AsLerIsk cun run und
provIde servIces Lo LIe cuII. Now we cun puL cuIIers on IoId und pIuv LIem specIuI IoId musIc.
I we Iud more IncomIng IInes uvuIIubIe, we couId use u conIerence brIdge us weII.
;LIe Ixo InILIuI conLexL
|IncomIng|
exLen => s,1,PIuvbuck,LIunks
;seL musIc on IoId
exLen => s,z,SeLmusIconIoId,deIuuIL
;DIuI LIe XS's cIunneI Ior zo seconds
exLen => s,z,DIuI,ZupJz]zo
;nobodv's Iome
exLen => s,,PIuvbuck,nobodv
exLen => s,q,Buckground,menu
;LIe muII boxes
exLen => 1,1,VoIcemuII,1
36
exLen => z,1,VoIcemuII,z
exLen => ,1,VoIcemuII,
exLen => 8=oo,1,VoIcemuIIMuIn
|deIuuIL|
IncIude => IncomIng
IncIude => purkedcuIIs
37
Appendix B - Applicution Modoles Ior the Asterisk System
TIe AsLerIsk svsLem comes wILI u wIde seIecLIon oI uppIIcuLIons Lo perIorm LIe vurIed
IuncLIons oI u PBX. Some uppIIcuLIons requIre exLernuI conIIguruLIon. AppIIcuLIon conIIg IIIes
wIII resIde In LIe JeLcJusLerIsk. Here we'II Iook over LIe uppIIcuLIons uvuIIubIe Lo LIe deIuuIL
AsLerIsk InsLuIIuLIon, LIeIr urgumenLs, und unv necessurv exLernuI conIIguruLIon.
DIuI
DIuI Is probubIv LIe mosL commonIv used uppIIcuLIon In LIe AsLerIsk svsLem. TIe
purpose oI LIe DIuI uppIIcuLIon Is Lo DIuI u cIunneI und wuIL Ior someone (or someLIIng) Lo
unswer LIe oLIer IIne. I unvone pIcks up, DIuI wIII brIdge LIe IncomIng und receIvIng
cIunneIs LogeLIer. DIuI wIII gIudIv connecL unv cIunneI Lvpe wILI unv oLIer cIunneI Lvpe. TIe
DIuI upp requIres no exLernuI conIIguruLIon (excepL, oI course, LIe presence oI conIIgured
cIunneIs.) MuILIpIe cIunneIs muv be specIIIed on u sIngIe prIorILv, In wIIcI cuse LIev wIII be
rung sImuILuneousIv. OpLIonuIIv, u LImeouL (In seconds) muv be specIIIed, wIIcI wIII be LIe
umounL oI LIme LIe cIunneI rIngs beIore we gIve up und move Lo LIe nexL prIorILv.
TIe DIuI uppIIcuLIon Lukes u specIIIc cIunneI us un urgumenL. TIIs cun be unv VoP
cIunneIs uvuIIubIe, u cIunneI provIded bv u ZupuLu LeIepIonv InLerIuce, un OSS IuII-dupIex
sound curd, or u cIunneI provIded bv LIe Inux TeIepIonv nLerIuce und conIIgured In
pIone.conI (LvpIcuIIv QuIckneL InLerIuce devIces.) TIe IormuL oI LIe urgumenLs Lo DIuI cIunge
dependIng on LIe Lvpe oI cIunneI beIng sIgnuIed.
ormuLs Ior DIuI urgumenLs:
or ZupLeI -
DIuI,ZupJ|cIunneI|]|LImeouL|
NoLe LIuL beLween LIe cIunneI und LIe opLIonuI LImeouL Is u pIpe svmboI.
or AX -
Due Lo LIe munv opLIons uvuIIubIe Lo AX, DIuIIng AX Ius severuI uvuIIubIe urgumenLs, some
oI wIIcI muv be opLIonuI.
DIuI,AXJ|usernume|:|pussword, II needed|O|mv.usLerIsk.server.com|JexLensIonO|conLexL|
TIe conLexL Is opLIonuI, onIv needed II LIe AX cIIenL Ius uccess Lo muILIpIe conLexLs
(conIIgured In Iux.conI on LIe server sIde.) I muILIpIe conLexLs ure uvuIIubIe buL none Is
specIIIed, LIen LIe conLexL wIII deIuuIL Lo LIe IIrsL one IIsLed.
TIe pussword urgumenL Is In u sIIgILIv dIIIerenL IormuL wIen usIng RSA encrvpLIon Lo proLecL
our uuLIenLIcuLIon Lokens. WIen usIng pIuInLexL or MD= uuLIenLIcuLIon, we wouId repIuce
|pussword| wILI LIe secreL:
exLen 1,1,DIuI,AXJme:noLvervsecreLOusLerIsk.server.comJ6161OIocuI
38
wIere noLvervsecreL sIouId be LIe secreL. n LIe cuse oI RSA, we wouId repIuce LIe pIuInLexL
secreL wILI LIe RSA kevnume In bruckeLs, IIke:
exLen => 1,1,DIuI,AXJme:|supersneukv|OusLerIsk.server.comJ6161OIocuI]1o
HopeIuIIv, LIuL's LIe IusL LIme Iuve Lo ucLuuIIv ose bruckeLs In un urgumenL!
n some cuses, we muv omIL LIe pussword. A secreL muv noL be specIIIed on LIe server, I.e.
wIen usIng IosL-bused uuLIenLIcuLIon. TIe conLexL muv be omILLed II we onIv Iuve one
uvuIIubIe, or wunL LIe IIrsL oI severuI conLexLs mude uvuIIubIe Lo us. TIe LImeouL Is uIwuvs
opLIonuI.
I LIe AX cIIenL Lo be sIgnuIed regIsLers wILI LIe AsLerIsk server, we cun sImpIv specIIv LIe
peer nume und LIe exLensIon on LIe peer we wunL Lo connecL Lo.
exLen => 1,1,DIuI,AXJregIsLeredpeerJ1]zo
Inux TeIepIonv nLerIuce
Inux LeIepIonv InLerIuce (T) devIces ure uccessed LIrougI LIeIr devIce IIIe
descrIpLors. TIe rIngIng oI T cIunneIs Is sLruIgILIorwurd, IIke ZupLeI.
exLen => 1,1,DIuI,PIoneJpIoneo]1o
WIere pIoneo Is unuIogous Lo JdevJpIoneo, LIe devIce IIIe provIded bv LIe Inux KerneI
DrIver.
RIngIng H.z
TIIs secLIon noL veL wrILLen
RIngIng SP
TIIs secLIon noL veL wrILLen
RIngIng muILIpIe cIunneIs
n some cuses, IL muv be useIuI Lo rIng muILIpIe cIunneIs wIen u cuII comes In. We
couId seL un exLensIon up Lo rIng u person's desk pIone und LIeIr ceII pIone uL LIe sume LIme.
We couId uIso muke DIuI uLLempL Lo rIng un AX cIIenL uL LIe sume LIme IL rIngs u zupLeI devIce
(or rIng uII LIree uL once.)
To do LIIs, we sepuruLe LIe cIunneI urgumenLs wILI u '&.' Anv number oI cIunneIs cun
be specIIIed on LIe prIorILv In LIIs IusIIon.
exLen => 1,1,DIuI,ZupJ1o&AXJsnompIoneJ1]z=
NoLe LIuL we cun onIv seL LIe LImeouL Ior LIe DIuI upp us u wIoIe, noL LIe IndIvIduuI
cIunneIs we ure rIngIng. I we do wunL one cIunneI Lo rIng Ionger LIun LIe oLIer, we cun do IL
IIke LIIs:
39
exLen => 1,1,DIuI,ZupJ1o&AXJsnompIoneJ1]1=
exLen => 1,z,DIuI,AXJsnompIoneJ1]1=
n LIIs cuse, we rung u zupLeI cIunneI und un AX cIunneI sImuILuneousIv Ior 1=
seconds, beIore gIvIng up on LIe zupLeI cIunneI, und LrvIng LIe AX cIunneI Ior unoLIer 1=
seconds (II LIe AX cIunneI couId be conLucLed.)
DIuI gIves us greuL IIexIbIIILv In uLLempLIng Lo connecL u cuIIer Lo IIs desLInuLIon. UsIng
LIe DIuI uppIIcuLIon, we cun creuLe exLensIons LIuL wIII IInd our empIovees wIerever LIev
mIgIL be, vIu PSTN connecLIons (und ceII pIones) und over P connecLIons, or In LIe oIIIce.
Goto -
GoLo Is our dIuIpIun jumpIng uppIIcuLIon. TIougI we Iooked uL IL brIeIIv eurIIer, we'II
now go over LIe svsLux oI GoLo urgumenLs. GoLo Is cupubIe oI jumpIng Irom one prIorILv Lo
unoLIer wILIIn un exLensIon, jumpIng Lo unoLIer exLensIon In LIe conLexL, or jumpIng Lo un
exLensIon In un enLIreIv dIIIerenL conLexL.
TIe IormuL Ior GoLo Is IIke LIIs:
exLen => =,q,GoLo,conLexL]exLensIon]prIorILv.
TIe conLexL und exLensIon urgumenLs ure opLIonuI. I no pIpe (]) Is presenL, GoLo wIII
InLerpreL LIe urgumenL us u prIorILv wILIIn LIe currenL exLensIon. I we udd un exLensIon, In
LIe IormuL exLensIon]prIorILv, GoLo wIII jump Lo LIuL exLensIon wILIIn LIe currenL conLexL, Lo
LIe purLIcuIuL prIorILv specIIIed. I we expund IurLIer, we geL conLexL]exLensIon]prIorILv,
wIIcI wIII jump LIe cuIIer Lo unv specIIIed poInL In LIe dIuIpIun.
GoLo Lukes no oLIer conIIguruLIon, oLIer LIun LIe presence oI LIe LurgeL prIorILv.
Voicemuil -
TIe voIcemuII uppIIcuLIon records messuges Irom cuIIers. TIe voIcemuII uppIIcuLIon
requIres exLernuI conIIguruLIon. A desLInuLIon muIIbox musL be creuLed, und conIIgured In
voIcemuII.conI.
TIe IusLesL wuv Lo creuLe u muIIbox Is Lo use LIe 'uddmuIIbox' scrIpL provIded bv LIe
AsLerIsk InsLuIIuLIon. SImpIv run LIIs uppIIcuLIon us rooL (or someone wIo Ius wrILe
permIssIons Lo JvurJspooIJusLerIskJvm.) L wIII prompL Ior u muIIbox number. EnLer LIe
number, und LIe scrIpL wIII creuLe LIe dIrecLorv JvurJspooIJusLerIskJvmJ|boxnumber| und
copv LIe deIuuIL busv, unuvuIIubIe, und greeLIng messuges (Iound In JvurJIIbJusLerIskJsounds)
Lo LIIs dIrecLorv.
ConIIguruLIon Is necessurv In voIcemuII.conI, us weII. EucI muIIbox sIouId Iuve un
enLrv In LIe voIcemuII.conI IIIe In LIIs IormuL.
|muIIboxnumber| => |pusskev|,|User Nume|,|emuIIOuddress.com|
40
6161 => 1zq,Jumes MurdocI,jmurdocIOwIdgeLs.com
TIe pusskev wIII be used wIen LIe box owner needs Lo uccess IIs voIce messuges over
LIe pIone. TIe usernume Is reIerenced bv LIe DIrecLorv uppIIcuLIon (more on LIuL In LIe
secLIon on dIrecLorv.) TIe IusL enLrv Is LIe emuII uddress LIe messuge wuILIng noLIIIcuLIon
sIouId be senL Lo.
Some generuI opLIons ure uvuIIubIe In LIIs IIIe us weII. We cun seL LIe IIIe IormuLs In
wIIcI LIe messuge Is sLored.
IormuL=gsm
wIII sLore LIe messuges In gsm IormuL
IormuL=gsm]wuv]wuvq
wIII sLore LIe IIIes In uII LIree IIsLed IormuLs. AvuIIubIe IormuLs ure gsm, wuv, wuvq, und
g;zsI.
We cun uIso seL LIe orIgInuLIng emuII uddress Ior messuge wuILIng noLIIIcuLIons.
serveremuII=usLerIskOwIdgeLs.com
A compIeLe conIIguruLIon IIIe Iooks IIke LIIs
;seL some generuI opLIons
|generuI|
IormuL=gsm]wuv
;deIIne LIe voIcemuII boxen
|deIuuIL|
6161 => 1zq,Jumes MurdocI,jmurdocIOwIdgeLs.com
616z => 1zq,BIue Duwg,bduwgOwIdgeLs.com
;und so on, Ior eucI uvuIIubIe box.
Once LIe boxes ure conIIgured, we cun send LIe cuIIer Lo LIe users box IIke LIIs:
exLen => 6161,,VoIcemuII,u6161
PrependIng 'u' Lo LIe box number pIuvs LIe unuvuIIubIe messuge Ior LIe cuIIer. We cun uIso
use b, Lo pIuv LIe busv messuge, und s, Lo pIuv no messuge uL uII.
A sIsLer uppIIcuLIon Lo VoIcemuII Is VoIcemuIIMuIn. VoIcemuIIMuIn Is LIe voIcemuII svsLem
guLewuv Ior users cIeckIng LIeIr voIcemuII over LIe pIone. L requIres no conIIguruLIon or
urgumenLs.
DIrecLorv
TIe DIrecLorv uppIIcuLIon uLLempLs Lo guIde LIe cuIIer Lo LIe correcL exLensIon, II LIe
cuIIer does noL know LIe exLensIon number oI LIe person Ie Is LrvIng Lo reucI. DIrecLorv wIII
usk LIe cuIIer Ior LIe IIrsL LIree IeLLers oI LIe recIpIenLs IusL nume, und uLLempL Lo muLcI LIuL
41
wILI LIe numes sLored In voIcemuII.conI. I LIe cuIIer response muLcIes more LIun one enLrv
(quILe possIbIe, sInce eucI dIgIL muLcIes LIree IeLLers) LIe uppIIcuLIon wIII presenL LIe cuIIer
wILI LIe uvuIIubIe cIoIces.
Once LIe correcL enLrv Is deLermIned, DIrecLorv wIII uLLempL Lo connecL Lo LIe cuIIer Lo
LIe exLensIon muLcIIng LIe voIcemuII box number seIecLed. or LIIs reuson, IL Is
recommended LIuL voIcemuII box numbers muLcI LIe muIn exLensIon number Ior LIe box
owner.
DIrecLorv Lukes one urgumenL, LIe conLexL LIe exLensIon sIouId be Iound In. or
exumpIe, II LIe exLensIons Ior empIovee pIones resIde LIe 'empIovee' conLexL, LIe DIrecLorv
cuII sIouId Iook IIke LIIs:
exLen => z,1,DIrecLorv,empIovees
WIen un exLensIon Is deLermIned, DIrecLorv wIII uLLempL Lo connecL Lo LIuL exLensIon
number wILIIn LIe empIovee conLexL.
Sounds Ior DIrecLorv und VoIcemuIIMuIn ure sLored In JvurJIIbJusLerIskJsounds. TIe
sound IIIes muv be repIuced wILI cusLom IIIes usIng LIe sume numes.
MeeLMe
MeeLMe Is LIe conIerence brIdgIng uppIIcuLIon Ior AsLerIsk. MeeLMe creuLes 'rooms,' Lo
wIIcI muILIpIe cuIIers cun be connecLed und InLercommunIcuLe In u conIerence. MeeLMe
requIres exLernuI conIIguruLIon In LIe IIIe meeLme.conI. EucI conIerence room uvuIIubIe musL
be IIsLed In meeLme.conI In LIIs IormuL
conI => qooo
Lo creuLe u room 'qooo.'
We cun send cuIIers Lo LIIs room wILI LIIs sLuLemenL:
exLen => qq,1,MeeLMe,qooo
TIe conIerence room number urgumenL Is opLIonuI. I omILLed, LIe user wIII be
prompLed Lo enLer u room number, wIIcI musL exIsL In meeLme.conI. A sIsLer uppIIcuLIon,
MeeLMeCounL, pIuvs LIe number oI cuIIers presenLIv In LIe room specIIIed us un urgumenL. L
Is generuIIv used jusL beIore LIe cuIIer Is connecLed wILI LIe specIIIed room.
PIuvbuck und Buckground
TIe PIuvbuck und Buckground uppIIcuLIons ure used Lo pIuv uudIo IIIes Ior LIe cuIIer.
TIe Lwo uppIIcuLIons ure IurgeIv IdenLIcuI, wILI one dIIIerence. TIe pIuvbuck uppIIcuLIon pIuvs
LIe uudIo IIIe enLIreIv Ior LIe cuIIer, IgnorIng unv cuIIer InpuL. TIe buckground uppIIcuLIon
pIuvs LIe uudIo IIIe wIIIe IIsLenIng Ior cuIIer InpuL. DurIng LIe buckground uppIIcuLIon, II LIe
cuIIer dIuIs un exLensIon, LIe uudIo IIIe wIII be sLopped, und LIe cuIIer wIII be ImmedIuLeIv
connecLed Lo LIe IndIcuLed exLensIon.
TIe IormuL Ior pIuvbuck Is IIke LIIs:
42
exLen => s,1,PIuvbuck,weIcome
UnIess LIe IIIenume In preIIxed wILI u 'J' IIIenumes ure ussumed Lo be reIuLIve Lo
JvurJIIbJusLerIskJsounds. Sound IIIes sIouId be sLored In gsm encodIng. AudIo IIIes cun be
generuLed wILI LIe Record uppIIcuLIon, or recorded exLernuIIv und encoded InLo gsm (sox Is u
good progrum Lo encode IIIes InLo gsm.) TIe .gsm suIIIx sIouId be IeIL oII, us IL Is ussumed bv
LIe uppIIcuLIon.
Record -
Record Is un uppIIcuLIon Lo record u sound IIIe In gsm. L Lukes one urgumenL, LIe
IIIenume reIuLIve Lo JvurJIIbJusLerIskJsounds. TIe sLored IIIenume wIII Iuve .gsm uppended Lo
IL, so LIuL sIouId noL be specIIIed.
To Record u sound IIIe 'bIuI.gsm' Ior IuLer pIuvbuck, do:
exLen => 1,1,Record,bIuI
L sIouId be noLed LIuL LIe uudIo quuIILv oI recordIngs mude LIIs wuv currenLIv Ieuves
mucI Lo be desIred, und IL Is beLLer Lo use exLernuI soILwure Lo record cusLom uudIo IIIes Ior
AsLerIsk.
SLrIpMSD
SLrIpMSD sLrIps dIgILs Irom u dIuIed exLensIon. L Lukes one urgumenL, LIe number oI
dIgILs Lo sLrIp sLurLIng Irom LIe begInnIng. TIIs Is useIuI prImurIIv Lo sLrIp dIgILs used In
InLernuI rouLIng Irom numbers beIore pussIng LIem Iorwurd. A common use Is Lo sLrIp LIe
Irom u number beIore rouLIng u cuII Lo un ouLsIde IIne. TIe IormuL Is:
exLen = 1zq,SLrIpMSD,1
uILer LIIs uppIIcuLIon, LIe cuII wIII now muLcI u dIIIerenL exLensIon, zq, us LIe one wIII be
removed. See LIe secLIon on exLensIon muLcIIng Lo see LIIs In common prucLIce.
MosicOnHold
TIe MusIc On HoId uppIIcuLIon provIdes buckground uudIo Ior purked or IeId cuIIs,
und durIng cuII LrunsIers. AudIo IIIes ure sLored In LIe common mp IormuL, LvpIcuIIv In
JvurJIIbJusLerIskJmoImp. MuILIpIe 'cIusses' cun be conIIgured und used, eucI wILI dIIIerenL
uudIo IIIe coIIecLIons.
ConIIgurIng MusIc on HoId
CIusses ure conIIgured In JeLcJusLerIskJmusIconIoId.conI. EucI cIuss sLuLemenL comes
In LIIs IormuL:
|cIussnume| => mp:|JIuIIJpuLIJLoJmpJdIr|, |exLru urgs Lo mpg1z|
CIussnume wIII be LIe nume reIerenced In exLensIons.conI (see SeLMusIcOnHoId)
43
CurrenLIv, Lwo muIn pIuvbuck modes exIsL, mp und quIeLmp. QuIeLmp Is IdenLIcuI Lo mp,
excepL LIuL IL reduces LIe voIume bv ;= percenL. TIe puLI sIouId Ieud Lo un uccessIbIe
dIrecLorv conLuInIng one or more mp IIIes. Bv deIuuIL, IIIes wIII be pIuved In uIpIunumerIc
order. ArgumenLs cun be pussed Lo mpg1z, uILer LIe puLI deIInILIon. A common use wouId
be Lo puL mpg1z In sIuIIIe or rundom mode wILI LIe '-z' opLIons
rundom => mp:JvurJIIbJusLerIskJmoImp, -z
Y - we ure uIreudv usIng LIe -q, -s, --mono, und -r opLIons, und seLLIng LIe sumpIIng
ruLe Lo 8ooo. Be cureIuI noL Lo overrIde LIese opLIons bIIndIv.
MPORTANT: TIe AsLerIsk MusIc On HoId urcIILecLure depends on LIe verv common
Iree mpeg uudIo decoder progrum 'mpg1z.' TIougI mosL dIsLrIbuLIons sIIp wILI LIIs
progrum bv deIuuIL, IL muv need Lo be InsLuIIed on LIe IocuI svsLem. Some newer svsLems Iuve
repIuced mpg1z wILI u work-uIIke progrum cuIIed 'mpgz1.' TIIs progrum does noL work Ior
AsLerIsk MusIc On HoId, becuuse IL does noL properIv ImpIemenL some oI LIe resumpIIng
IeuLures used Lo generuLe pIone quuIILv mono uudIo. I vou experIence 'druggIng' uudIo IIIes
LIuL pIuv buck uL Iower speeds LIun LIev sIouId, LIIs Is mosL IIkeIv LIe probIem.
UsIng MusIc on HoId
TIe MusIc On HoId svsLem Is operuLed usIng LIree uppIIcuLIon moduIes. TIe prImurv
uppIIcuLIon Is SeLMusIcOnHoId, wIIcI seLs LIe musIc cIuss Ior LIe cuIIer. TIIs Is commonIv
cuIIed wILIIn LIe specIuI exLensIon 's' wIIIe seLLIng up generuI cuII seLLIngs Ior u gIven conLexL.
Once LIe cIuss Ius been seL, unvLIme LIe cuIIer Is purked or puL on IoId Ior u cuII LrunsIer, LIe
musIc specIIIed In LIeIr seL cIuss wIII be pIuved. We seL LIe MusIcOnHoId cIuss us u sLundurd
exLensIon prIorILv. TIe uppIIcuLIon Lukes on urgumenL, LIe cIuss.
exLen => s,1,SeLMusIcOnHoId,deIuuIL
TIIs wouId muke LIe IIrsL prIorILv Lo seL LIeIr musIc cIuss wIen we unswered un IncomIng IIne.
TIere ure Lwo oLIer MusIc On HoId uppIIcuLIons uvuIIubIe. WuILMusIcOnHoId wIII wuIL
Ior u specIIIed LIme wIIIe pIuvIng musIc. TIe onIv urgumenL Is LIe LIme Lo wuIL. TIIs Is
unuIogous Lo LIe WuIL uppIIcuLIon, onIv dIIIerIng In LIuL IL pIuvs LIe MusIc On HoId Ior cuIIer.
WuILMusIcOnHoId requIres LIuL LIe MusIc cIuss be prevIousIv seL, oLIerwIse IL beIuves
exucLIv us WuIL (wuILIng Ior u specIIIed umounL oI LIme, sIIenLIv.)
exLen => s,1,WuILMusIcOnHoId,zo
TIIs pIuvs MusIc On HoId Ior u prevIousIv deIIned cIuss Ior zo seconds, beIore movIng Lo LIe
nexL prIorILv.
MusIcOnHoId wIII pIuv MusIcOnHoId Ior LIe cuIIer IndeIInILeIv. TIere Is no opLIon Lo
reLrIeve LIe cuIIer Irom LIIs uppIIcuLIon. L Is InLended prImurIIv Ior LesLIng LIe MusIc On HoId
svsLem. L Lukes on urgumenL, LIe MusIc On HoId cIuss.
exLen => 1,,MusIconHoId,deIuuIL
PurkedCuII
CuII purkIng Is un unusuuI uppIIcuLIon In LIuL IL Is IncIuded ImpIIcILIv In LIe dIuI pIun II
44
purkIng.conI exIsLs. CuII purkIng cun be conIIgured Lo deIIne LIe exLensIon Lo LrunsIer u cuII Lo
Lo purk IL, LIe runge oI exLensIons purked cuIIs wIII be LrunsIerred Lo, und LIe nume oI LIe
conLexL purked cuII exLensIons wIII exIsL In.
TIe IormuL oI LIe purkIng.conI IIIe Is:
;begIns LIe IIIe
|generuI|
;deIIne LIe exLensIon Lo dIuI Lo purk u cuII
purkexL => ;oo
;LIe desLInuLIon exLensIons Ior purked cuIIs
purkpos => ;o1-;zo
;LIe conLexL purked cuIIs IncIude In
conLecL => purkedcuIIs
EnubIIng cuII purkIng und reLrIevuI Ior u gIven conLexL Is us sImpIe us IncIudIng LIe
deIIned purked cuIIs conLexL In LIe enubIed conLexL.
|deIuuIL|
IncIude => purkedcuIIs
To purk u cuII, sImpIv LrunsIer LIem Lo LIe deIIned exLensIon (In LIIs exumpIe, ;oo).
TIe exLensIon Lo reLrIeve LIe cuII uL wIII be pIuved, LIen usLerIsk wIII dIsconnecL LIem. To
reLrIeve LIe cuII, sImpIv dIuI LIe sLuLed exLensIon Irom unv pIone LIuL Ius uccess Lo LIe purked
cuII exLensIon.
AbsoIuLeJDIgILJResponse TImeouL
TIe TImeouL uppIIcuLIons uIIow vou Lo specIIv LIe umounL oI LIme AsLerIsk wuILs Ior
responses In cerLuIn sILuuLIons. AII uppIIcuLIons Luke one urgumenL, LIe umounL oI LIme Lo
wuIL.
TIe AbsoIuLeTImeouL uppIIcuLIon seLs un ubsoIuLe LImeouL Ior u cuII. WIen LIIs
LImeouL Is reucIed, LIe cuII wIII be dumped. TIIs cun be useIuI, Ior exumpIe, wIen seLLIng up
un InIormuLIon IIne LIuL couId be LIed up IndeIInILeIv bv u pIone noL properIv Iung up.
exLen => s,1,AbsoIuLeTImeouL,6oo
TIIs seLs LIe ubsoIuLe LImeouL Lo 6oo seconds, or Len mInuLes. You mIgIL use LIIs II
vou Iuve un InIormuLIonuI recordIng mInuLes Iong, seL Lo Ioop IndeIInILeIv. AILer LIree pIuvs
(und cIunge) LIe cuII wIII be dumped, us we cun suIeIv ussume LIe cuIIer LIInks LIeIr pIone Is
Iung up.
TIe ResponseTImeouL uppIIcuLIon seLs LIe umounL oI LIme Lo wuIL Ior u response Irom
LIe cuIIer. I we ure wuILIng Ior LIe cuIIer Lo dIuI un exLensIon, we cun seL u response LImeouL
Lo do someLIIng II LIev never respond. AILer LIe LImeouL Is reucIed, AsLerIsk wIII jump Lo LIe
specIuI exLensIon 'L' Ior LIe currenL conLexL. See Speciul Ixtensions Ior more InIormuLIon.
exLen => s,1,ResponseTImeouL,1o
TIe DIgILTImeouL uppIIcuLIon seLs LIe LImeouL beLween dIgILs pressed. Once LIe
45
LImeouL Is reucIed, AsLerIsk wIII uLLempL Lo IInd LIe exLensIon IndIcuLed bv LIe dIgILs LIuL were
receIved. I u IuII exLensIon Is receIved, AsLerIsk wIII jump Lo IL ImmedIuLeIv, so In mosL cuses,
II LIe dIgIL LImeouL Is reucIed LIe exLensIon wIII be InvuIId, und AsLerIsk wIII Iook Ior specIuI
exLensIon 'I.' See Speciul Ixtensions' Ior more InIormuLIon.
exLen => s,1,DIgILTImeouL,1o
Appendix C - syntux in extensions.conI
TIIs secLIon deLuIIs LIe specIIIc svnLux und uvuIIubIe opLIons Ior exLensIons.conI.
ExLensIons.conI Is broken up bv conLexL. A specIuI conLexL |generuI| Is reserved, used
Ior cerLuIn vurIubIes LIuL muv be seL gIobuIIv. L Is currenLIv unused.
ConLexLs sLurL wILI u conLexL deIInILIon In LIIs IormuL:
|conLexL|
EucI conLexL conLuIns u number oI kevwords, IoIIowed bv LIIer urgumenLs, In LIIs IormuL:
kevword => urgumenLs
TIe IoIIowIng kevwords ure uvuIIubIe -
IgnorepuL - specIIIes u dIgIL (or dIgILs) Lo 'Ignore' TIese dIgILs ure receIved, buL LIe dIuI Lone
conLInues.
swILcI - specIIIes u remoLe server Lo usk ubouL exLensIons wIIcI ure unknown Lo LIe IocuI
PBX.
IncIude - specIIIes u conLexL Lo IncIude In LIe currenL conLexL, wILI opLIonuI LIme urgumenLs
exLen - specIIIes one IIne oI un exLensIon conIIguruLIon.
Lsuue oI these keywords
EucI oI LIe kevwords Lukes urgumenLs unIque Lo LIuL kevword.
iunoreput Lukes u dIgIL or dIgILs Lo be Ignored.
IgnorepuL =>
wIII conLInue LIe dIuILone uILer u user presses ''. NoLe LIuL wIII sLIII be purL oI LIe exLensIon
dIuIed. TIe dIuILone wIII conLInue, buL LIe dIgIL Is recIeved und processed us ususuI.
switch Lukes us IL's urgumenL u remoLe AsLerIsk server, Lo be conLucLed over AX. I un
exLensIon Is dIuIed on LIe IocuI PBX LIuL Is unknown, und u swILcI sLuLemenL exIsLs, AsLerIsk
wIII querv LIe remoLe server Lo uLLempL Lo brIdge LIe cuII Lo LIuL exLensIon. I LIe exLensIon Is
unknown Lo LIe remoLe, or LIe remoLe server cunnoL be conLucLed, LIe exLensIon wIII be
IundIed us InvuIId. TIe IormuL oI 'swILcI' Is
wILI no pussword:
46
regIsLer => AXJcIIenLOusLerIsk.wIdgeLs.neLJconLexL
wILI u pussword (pIuInLexL or MD=):
regIsLer => AXJcIIenL:pusswordOusLerIsk.wIdgeL.neLJconLexL
usIng RSA:
regIsLer => AXJcIIenL:|kevnume|OusLerIsk.wIdgeLs.neLJconLexL
wIere conLexL Is LIe conLexL LIe remoLe server sIouId Iook In Lo IInd LIe exLensIon.
n order Lo use un AX swILcI, LIe remoLe server musL Iuve u user deIInILIon Ior LIe IncomIng
cIIenL. See ConIiuorinu Chunnels - IAX Ior more deLuIIs ubouL users und uuLIenLIcuLIon.
inclode Lukes u conLexL Lo be IncIuded, und opLIonuIIv u LIme urgumenL.
IncIude => unoLIerconLexL
IncIude => unoLIerconLexL]LIme-runge]duv-runge]duvs oI monLI]monLIs
IncIude => unoLIerconLexL]o:oo-18:oo]mon-wed,IrI]]1-11
exten Is LIe kevword Lo deIIne exLensIons. EucI exLensIon sLuLemenL IoIIows LIIs IormuL:
exLen => |exLensIon|,|prIorILv|,|uppIIcuLIon|,|urgumenLs|
TIe IIrsL urgumenL Is u number, one oI LIe specIuI exLensIons 's', 'I', or 'L', or u wIIdcurd muLcI.
WIIdcurd muLcIes begIn wILI un underscore (_). WIIdcurd muLcIes cun conLuIn LIese
cIurucLers:
Anv dIuIubIe dIgIL, IncIudIng IusI (#) und usLerIsk ().
N - muLcIes unv number greuLer LIun 1
X - muLcIes unv dIgIL
TIe specIuI exLensIons s, I, und L ure used under cerLuIn condILIons.
s - LIe 'sLurL' exLensIon. I u cuIIer enLers u conLexL goIng Lo no purLIcuIur exLensIon, LIev wIII
be connecLed Lo exLensIon s. or exumpIe, II we unswer un IncomIng cuII buL Iuve no specIIIc
ruIe Lo pIuce LIuL cuII In un exLensIon, LIe cuII wIII go Lo 's'
L - LIe 'LImeouL' exLensIon. I u cuII LImes ouL wIIIe wuILIng Ior u response, LIe exLensIon 'L' wIII
be used. AppIIcuLIons exIsL Lo conIIgure LImeouLs Ior vurIous condILIons. See AppendIx B.
I - II un exLensIon Is dIuIed LIuL does noL exIsL, LIe exLensIon 'I' wIII be used.
47
Appendix - Iiles instulled by Asterisk
AsLerIsk uLLempLs Lo compIv wILI LIe Inux IIesvsLem HIerurcIv sLundurd, und IoIIow
generuIIv uccepLed convenLIons Ior IIIe pIucemenL on u Inux svsLem. AsLerIsk InsLuIIs IIIes In
severuI IocuLIons on LIe svsLem.
JeLcJusLerIsk -
TIe dIrecLorv JeLcJusLerIsk conLuIns conIIguruLIon IIIes Ior AsLerIsk und IL's uppIIcuLIon
moduIes.
JusrJIIbJusLerIsk -
TIIs dIrecLorv conLuIns IoudubIe moduIes Ior cIunneIs, codecs, und uppIIcuLIons Ior
AsLerIsk
JvurJspooIJusLerIsk -
JvurJspooIJusLerIsk Is used Lo sLore uccumuIuLed voIcemuII IIIes Ior users. CusLom
voIcemuII messuges creuLed bv users ure uIso sLored Iere, Ior euse oI movIng or removIng u
compIeLe voIcemuII uccounL.
JvurJIIbJusLerIsk -
SeveruI Lvpes oI IIIes ure sLored under LIIs dIrecLorv, prImurIIv duLu IIIes sucI us musIc
on IoId und pIuvbuck messuges. TIe IoIIowIng dIrecLorIes exIsL In u deIuuIL InsLuII, reIuLIve Lo
JvurJIIbJusLerIsk:
.JmoImp - LIe deIuuIL IocuLIon oI musIc on IoId IIIes. AudIo IIIes In LIe mp IormuL
cun be pIuced In LIIs dIrecLorv Lo be used bv LIe MusIcOnHoId uppIIcuLIon. See LIe
AppIIcuLIons secLIon Ior more InIormuLIon.
.JugI-bIn - LIe IocuLIon Lo sLore AsLerIsk GuLewuv nLerIuce scrIpLs
.Jkevs - wIere pubIIc und prIvuLe RSA kevs ure sLored. RSA kevs muv be used Lo
IucIIILuLe secure uuLIenLIcuLIon Ior LIe nLer-AsLerIsk ExcIunge proLocoI.
.JImuges - u pIuce Lo puL Imuges wIIcI muv be senL over LIe AX proLocoI Lo cIIenLs
wIIcI supporL LIIs IeuLure.
.Jsounds - LIe IocuLIon oI sound IIIes Lo be pIuved bv AsLerIsk Ior voIce prompLIng.
JusrJsbInJ -
usLerIsk - LIe progrum bInurv.
usLgenkev - u progrum Lo generuLe RSA kevs Ior use wILI usLerIsk
uddmuIIbox - u progrum Lo creuLe new voIce muII boxes.
48
AppendIx E - usIng AsLerIsk IeuLures
AsLerIsk IeuLures LIree wuv cuIIIng, cuII LrunsIer, cuII purkIng, und musIc on IoId.
To LrunsIer u cuII -
IusI-Iook (press LIe Iung-up buLLon brIeIIv. On cordIess pIones, LIere muv be u IIusI
buLLon InsLeud.) You receIve u specIuI sLuLLer dIuI Lone. DIuI LIe exLensIon Lo LrunsIer Lo, und
Iungup.
To LIree wuv u cuII -
IusI-Iook. You receIve u sLuLLer dIuI Lone. DIuI LIe exLensIon vou wIsI Lo LIree -wuv
InLo vour cuII. WIen LIe oLIer purLv unswers, IIusI-Iook uguIn Lo connecL uII LIree cIunneIs.
WIIIe vou ure wuILIng Ior LIe LIIrd purLv, musIc on IoId Is puved Ior LIe oLIer cuIIer II
uvuIIubIe.
CuII purkIng -
CuII purkIng Is done bv LrunsIerrIng u cuIIer InLo u specIuI exLensIon, deIIned In
purkIng.conI. IusI-Iook und dIuI LIe purkIng exLensIon. TIe server wIII sLuLe LIe purkIng
sIoL bv number, und dIsconnecL. DIuI LIe sLuLed number Lo reLrIeve LIe cuIIer. MusIc on IoId
wIII be pIuved Ior LIe purked cuIIer II uvuIIubIe.
CuII IorwurdIng -