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English Department Teacher: Ms. Cecilia Barja J.

Supporting English

PRIMERO A CUARTO MEDIO


Expressions to consider in any conversation

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.

Let me introduce myself............. My name is................. Good morning Good afternoon Good evening Hi, Hello How are you? Are you ok? Whats going on? Whats up? Is it all right? What about coming together? What about this? What about that? What about doing ? How about this? Is it everything ok? Is it everything all right? We are done? Im done Im ready Is this ready? Are you ready? Yeah Yes, we are Why dont you.? Why doesnt he/she? You should May I be .. ? Come on May I help you? Is it possible that ..? Lets come Lets try Lets go Lets stay Stay longer Try hard Dont do this Dont do that Be calm Easy!!! Dont get desperate Be prepared! Good luck Step by step From time to time They will never (verb).. You are right You are wrong What do you think about it? Its not that easy! I think so I guess so I dont follow you Guess! stay away Excuse me Pardon?

tense Simple Present

Affirmative/Negative/Question A: He speaks. N: He does not speak. Q: Does he speak?

Use

Signal Words always, every , never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually if sentences type I (If I talk, )

action in the present

taking place once, never or several times

facts actions taking place

one after another action set by a

timetable or schedule

Present Progressive

A: He is speaking. N: He is not speaking. Q: Is he speaking?

at the moment, just, action taking place in just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now the moment of speaking

action taking place only

for a limited period of time action arranged for the

future Simple Past A: He spoke. N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak? yesterday, 2 minutes action in the past taking ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday place once, never or several if sentence type II (If I times talked, )


Past Progressive A: He was speaking. N: He was not speaking. Q: Was he speaking?

actions taking place

one after another action taking place in

the middle of another action

action going on at a

when, while, as long as

certain time in the past actions taking place at

the same time action in the past that is

interrupted by another action Present Perfect Simple A: He has spoken. N: He has not spoken. Q: Has he spoken?

result

already, ever, just, putting emphasis on the never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now action that is still going

on

recently

action that stopped

finished action that has

an influence on the present action that has taken

place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking Present Perfect Progressive A: He has been speaking. N: He has not been speaking. Q: Has he been speaking? all day, for 4 years, putting emphasis on the since 1993, how long?, the whole week course or duration (not the

result)


Past Perfect Simple A: He had spoken. N: He had not spoken. Q: Had he spoken?

action that recently

stopped or is still going on finished action that

influenced the present

action taking place

before a certain time in the past sometimes

already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day if sentence type III (If I had talked, )

interchangeable with past perfect progressive

Past Perfect Progressive A: He had been speaking. N: He had not been speaking. Q: Had he been speaking?

putting emphasis only

on the fact (not the duration)


simple

action taking place

for, since, the whole day, all day

before a certain time in the past sometimes

interchangeable with past perfect

Future I Simple A: He will speak. N: He will not speak. Q: Will he speak?

putting emphasis on the

duration or course of an action in a year, next , action in the future that tomorrow If-Satz Typ I (If you cannot be influenced ask her, she will help spontaneous decision you.) assumption: I think, assumption with regard probably, we might , perhaps to the future

Future I Simple (going to)

A: He is going to speak. N: He is not going to speak. Q: Is he going to speak?

future

decision made for the

in one year, next week, tomorrow

Future I Progressive A: He will be speaking. N: He will not be speaking. Q: Will he be speaking?

conclusion with regard

to the future

in one year, next week, action that is going on tomorrow action that is sure to

at a certain time in the future

happen in the near future Future II Simple A: He will have spoken. N: He will not have spoken. Q: Will he have spoken?

future

action that will be

by Monday, in a week

finished at a certain time in the

Future II Progressive

A: He will have been speaking. N: He will not have been speaking. Q: Will he have been speaking?

action taking place

for , the last couple of hours, all day long

before a certain time in the future putting emphasis on the

course of an action Conditional I Simple A: He would speak. N: He would not speak. Q: Would he speak? A: He would be speaking. N: He would not be speaking. Q: Would he be speaking?

place

if sentences type II action that might take (If I were you, I would go home.) action that might take

Conditional I Progressive

place

Conditional II Simple A: He would have spoken. N: He would not have spoken. Q: Would he have spoken? A: He would have been speaking. N: He would not have been speaking. Q: Would he have been speaking?

putting emphasis on the

course / duration of the action if sentences type III action that might have (If I had seen that, I would have helped.) taken place in the past

Conditional II Progressive

action that might have

taken place in the past puts emphasis on the

course / duration of the action

Text Connectives:
Clarify in other words I mean to put it another way for example for instance to be more precise or rather in particular in fact as a matter of fact that is namely to illustrate Showing cause/result Indicating time so then therefore next then consequently in/as a consequence as a result for that reason due to , owing to accordingly because of this in that case afterwards at the same time before that in the end finally soon after a while at this point meanwhile at this moment later previously Sequencing ideas firstly, first in the first place first of all Adding information too in addition indeed Condition/ concession in that case otherwise if not however nevertheless despite this besides yet on the other hand however on the contrary anyhow, anyway instead still even so all the same in any case at least though despite this

to start with apart from that to begin also for a start furthermore second, third, fourth On top of that at this point and besides to get back to the pointabove all then along with in short What is more all in all again briefly let alone to summarise/to sum as well up finally likewise a final point moreover to conclude similarly in conclusion equally given the above points in the same way in light of the above

Useful connectives
ADDING and also as well as moreover too SEQUENCING next then first, second, third,? Finally meanwhile after EMPHASIZING above all in particular especially indeed notably significantly COMPARING equally in the same way similarly likewise as with Like

CAUSE AND EFFECT because so therefore thus consequently

QUALIFYING however although unless except if as long as apart from yet

ILLUSTRATING for example such as for instance as revealed by in the case of

CONTRASTING whereas instead of alternatively otherwise unlike on the other hand

Broad Meaning Addition Opposition Reinforcing Explaining

Connective Adverbs and Phrases

Conjunctions

Listing

Indicating result Indicating time

also, too, similarly, in addition, even, and, as, like indeed, let alone however, nevertheless, on the other hand, in contrast, though, alternatively, anyway, yet, but, or, (al)though, whereas, while in fact, even so besides, anyway, after all in that for example, for instance, in other words, and that is to say, i.e., e.g. first(ly) second(ly), first of all, finally, because, since, as, for, if, unless, now (that), lastly, for one thing for another, in the so (that), in case, provided (that), whether first place, to begin with, next, in sum, to or conclude, in a nutshell when, before, after, since, until, till, while, therefore, consequently, as a result, so, then as, once, whenever then, meanwhile, later, afterwards, before (that), since (then), meanwhile

FIRSTLY

This can be used for the first supporting argument.

SECONDLY, FURTHERMORE, FINALLY MOREOVER, IN ADDITION This can be used for the last supporting argument. Note: this These can be used for any further is not a concluding connective supporting arguments (except, of and also you can use course, for Secondly which can Furthermore, Moreover or only be used for the second). In addition for the last argument if you wish

IN CONCLUSION, IN SUMMARY, THUS These all carry roughly the same meaning. They should be used to indicate that you are making final statements that cover all the supporting arguments in a very general way.

Also: Tambin As long as: Con tal de que, a condicin de que Because of (this): Por (esto), a causa de (esto) By the way: A propsito, por cierto Even so: As y todo, an as Even though: A pesar de que, aunque Even if: Incluso si Firstly: En primer lugar From now on: De ahora en adelante However: Sin embargo In any case: De todos modos In conclusin: En conclusin, para terminar In my opinin: En mi opinin In this way: De este modo In this respect: A este respecto In short: En resumen, en resumidas cuentas In some way: En cierto modo

It seems to me that: (A m) me parece que I think: Yo creo que, pienso que Likewise: Asimismo Moreover: Adems, es ms On the other hand: Por otro lado, por otra parte One way or another: de un modo u otro Regarding: Con respecto a So: As es que, de modo que, as pues Something like that: Algo as, algo parecido/ similar Therefore: As pues, por lo tanto, por eso

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