Blu-ray Disc

WHAT IS A BLU RAY DISC ?

BLU RAY DISC OR BD IS AN OPTICAL

STORAGE MEDIA FORMAT . ITS MAIN USES ARE HIGH-DEFINITION VIDEO AND DATA STORAGE. THE DISC HAS THE SAME DIMENSIONS AS A STANDARD DVD OR CD.

A new generation disc designed to allow for the playing, reading, and writing of HD video. Blu-ray is a combination of blue- violet laser (used to read and write the data) and optical ray Developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association, which includes consumer electronics companies such as Apple, Dell, LG, Disney, and Sony on its BOD. Dual layer Blu-ray discs can store 50GB of data, translating to about 9 hours of HD video and 23 hours of SD video.

THE OBJECTIVE OF BLU-RAY

THE REQUIRMENT FOR CDs WAS 74 MINUTES OF RECORDING 2-CHANNEL AUDIO SIGNALS AND CAPACITY OF 800 MB AND FOR DVDs WAS RECORDING OF 2 HOURS MOVIE . IN CASE OF BLU RAY DISC RECORDING OF HDTV DIGITAL BROADCAST GREATER THAN 2 HOURS WAS NEEDED.

Evolution
VHS: analog DVD: digital BD: highdefinition

Courtesy Blu-ray Disc Founders Blu-ray Disc Format White Paper

Foundation
Blu-ray disc (BD) is appropriately named after the blue laser used to write the data The first blue laser was developed in 1996 by Shuji Nakamura (Nichia Corporation) In 2002, an alliance was formed, called the Blu-ray Disc Association, including the likes of Sony, Samsung, Sharp, Hewlett-Packard, and Royal Phillips The e is intentionally left out of the name due to trademark restrictions

Blu-Ray
Uses shorter wavelength 405 nm wavelength instead of 650 nm red laser Pits only .15 m Track pitch .32 m down from .74 May be possible to layer beyond 2 layers
http://www.blu-raydisc.com/

How does Blu-Ray work?

Like a CD Reads data from pits in

disc's surface with a laser

Shorter wavelength

(blue/violet) laser = smaller pit = more pits per unit area = more data
4-5GB => 25GB

D V D

C DR O M

Optical Storage

HD DVD

Blu-Ray vs other new formats

Primary competition is HD-DVD Manufactured with same equipment that makes DVDs Equipment easily compatible with old technology Less storage capability than blu-ray (20 GB or 30 GB with dual layer) HD-DVD strongly supported by Toshiba Blu-ray ahead in the process and strongly backed Blu-ray products have been featured with both blue and red laser to read DVDs as well as new discs

What is
An HD DVD has a smaller storage capacity (maximum 90 GB), but HD DVD has a few opportunities. - An HD DVD disc has 3 layers: 2 to be read by a blue laser, and 1 to be read by a red laser. This is extremely handy, because with this technology, DVDs and CDs can also be played in an HD DVD player! - Because the HD DVD technology is more related with the standard DVD, the cost-price for HD DVDs and its players, is a lot less than the price for Blu-ray.

Blu-ray & HD DVD: a comparison

capacity: SL: 25 GB, DL: 50 GB, MAX: 200 GB cost-price: Blu-ray player: 1199 lasers: only a blue laser capacity: SL: 15 GB, DL: 30 GB, MAX: 90 GB cost-price: HD DVD player: 499 lasers: a blue and a red laser

partners: Philips, Sony, Samsung, Apple, partners: Microsoft, Intel, Toshiba, NEC, Twentieth Century Fox, Walt Disney Sanyo en Universal Studio's, ... Pictures, ... game console: Xbox 360 game console: PlayStation 3

Blu-ray and HD DVD both work with a blue laser. A blue laser has a wavelength of 405 nm, while a red laser (standard DVD) has a wavelength of 650 nm. The shorter wavelength of the blue-violet laser allows the disc to have a much narrower track pitch. This results in a higher storage-capacity, but more important, in a very high quality-improvement

COMPARISON OF FORMATS
Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Laser wave-length different Blu-Ray and DVD have more storage capability because track pitch are smaller CD has much older error correction method, so wastes more space

Disc Characteristics
Single layer: 25 GB Dual layer: 50 GB Diameter: 120 mm Thickness: 1.2 mm Center hole diameter: 15 mm Uses GaNe laser of wavelength 400 nm The smaller laser, compared to the DVD and CD, keeps the process more efficient (~5 mW)

Courtesy Blu-ray Disc Founders Blu-ray Disc Format White Paper

Disc Characteristics
The power conservation allows the development of multi-layer platforms and high-speed recording BD-ROM: read-only format BD-R and BD-RE: recordable formats (RE: rewritable; R: recordable once)
Courtesy Blu-ray Disc Founders Blu-ray Disc Format White Paper

Disc Characteristics

Courtesy Blu-ray Disc Founders Blu-ray Disc Format White Paper

Numerical Aperture measures the ability of a lens to gather and focus light. As the numerical aperture increases, the focusing power increases and the beam size decreases

Recorder Characteristics
Over two hours of HDTV can be placed on a single layer BD, which correlates to over 13 hours for standard TV The transfer rate is 36 megabits per second At 1x speed, it takes approximately 1.5 hours to record an entire single layer BD

Enhancements
Error rates increased in reading and writing after the original BD suffered scratches and fingerprints For protection, the prototype BD was enclosed in a case The case increased the size of the disc drive

Courtesy Blu-ray Disc Founders Blu-ray Disc Format White Paper

Enhancements
A hard coat was derived of an ultraviolet-curable resin that has a scratch resistance similar to the DVD An artificial fingerprint reagent is placed on the disc surface to resist fingerprint oils
Courtesy Blu-ray Disc Founders Blu-ray Disc Format White Paper

The Future of Blu-Rays

Due to Blu-rays ability to hold significantly more data than DVDs, they

already have, and will soon completely, replace DVDs as the new standard for data storage.

Unfortunately, because of its dependence on a blue laser (hence the

name Blu-ray), the new technology is much more expensive than its predecessor, DVD technology. disadvantages, since Blu-rays still seem to be doing very well in the markets. come.

The benefits of Blu-rays seem to be much greater than the

Expect to see continued expansion of Blu-ray technology in the times to

Fluorescent Multilayer Disc

Fluorescent Multilayer Disc

What is FMD? Fluorescent Multilayer disc is an optical disc

that uses fluorescent rather than reflective material to store data.

It is an three dimensional storage disc

developed by Constellation 3D.

FMD Principle
Data is stored on multiple layers unlike CDs or DVDs where single layers are used. Recording, reading and storing is done with help of fluorescent materials embedded in pits in each of the layers. The fluorescent material emits radiation when excited by an external light source.

: FMD DISC

FMD Technology
FMD technology, each storage layer is coated with a transparent fluorescent material. When the laser beam hits a mark on a layer, fluorescent light is emitted. The light emitted by fluorescent material is incoherent, not being affected by data pits or other marks in the media, and passes through adjacent data layers unaltered then letters starts radiating.

FMD TECHNOLOGY :

FMD READ DEVICES

PARALLEL READING:
A sequence of bits is recorded not along a track but deep into layers. That's why we receive three types of Data reading : successive, successive-parallel and parallel. Reading speed reaches 1 Gigabit/s.

Comparison of Disc Layers:

CD vs DVD vs FMD:
PARAMETERS CD 1. Disc 120mm diameter 2. Capacity 750MB 3. Wavelength 780nm DVD 120mm 4GB 650nm FMD 120mm

50GB+ 480530nm 4. Distance b/w 1.6micron 0.85micron 0.80micro tracks n 5.No.of layers 1 2 12

ADVANTAGES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Increased Disk Capacity. Quick Parallel Access and Retrieval of information. Usage Flexibility. Security. Low light absorption in each layer. Emitted (signal) fluorescent light not absorbed. Compatible with present CD/DVD formats, having the ability to handle the same data rates over each of its layers.

DISADVANTAGES

Initial cost of the fluorescent material is more than reflective material that is used in CD,DVD. This makes the product costlier than other storage devices.

What are the applications of this technology?

Used to store and read lots of data on optical discs Primarily used to store and read high-definition video, but can be used for any

data

Thus, can be used in computers, camcorders, and computers

Criticisms of Blu-rays
Blu-ray players are very expensive to purchase, as the average price is over $400. To achieve the full High Definition quality promised of the Blu-ray discs, you must watch them on TVs that support 1080p resolution, which are much more expensive than the players themselves. There are currently very few movies available for purchase on Blu-ray discs.

CONCLUSION
Mans need for additional storage space is something that is ever increasing. Hence no solution or data storage media is expected to achieve the status of a complete storage solution for long periods of time especially due to rapid developments taking place in many storage related fields. But for now the FMD, which can provide us with a staggering 140 GB of storage space seems to be an enticing solution for the storage-hungry masses.

Bibliography
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/cd.htm http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/question655.htm http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/dvd.htm http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/blu-ray.htm http://www.osta.org/technology/pdf/cdr_qa.pdf http://www.gizmodo.com/archives/sonys-paper-bluraydiscs-009177.php http://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/News/Press/200404/040415E/ http://www.cddimensions.com/blu-ray/blu-ray.asp http://stereophile.com/features/374/

THANK YOU !!!!

Shviam Tiwari Shvetank Tripathi Siddhant Gaur