Nobel prize winners in Physics 1901-2007 2007 Albert Firt and Peter Grnberg for the discovery of Giant

Magnetoresistance 2006 John Mather and George Smoot for the discovery of the anisotropic nature of cosmic background radiation 2005 Roy Glauber for contributions to the theory of optical coherence John Hall and Theodore Hansch for laser based precision spectroscopy 2004 David Gross, H.David Politzer and Frank Wilczek for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction 2003 Alexei Abrikosov, Vitali Ginsburg and Anthony Leggett for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids 2002 Raymond Davis Jr and Masatoshi Koshiba for pioneering contributions to astrophysics Riccardo Giaconni for pioneering contributions to astrophysics leading to the discovery of cosmic X ray sources 2001 Eric Cornell, Wolfgang Kertterle and Carl Weiman for the achievement of BoseEinstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms 2000 Zhores Alferov and Herbert Kroemer for developing semiconductor heterostructures Jack Kilby for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit 1999 Geradus T'Hooft and Martinus Veltman for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics 1998 Robert Laughlin, Horst Stormer and Daniel Tsui for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations

1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William Phillips for the development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light 1996 David Lee, Douglas Osheroff and Robert Richardson for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3 1995 Martin Perl for the discovery of the tau lepton. Frederick Reines for the detection of the neutrino. 1994 Betram Brockhous for the development of neutron spectroscopy Clifford Shull for the development of the neutron diffraction technique. 1993 Russel Hulse and Joseph Taylor Jr for the discovery of a new type of pulsar 1992 Georges Charpak for his invention and development of particle detectors 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter 1990 Jerome Friedman, Henry Kendall and Richard Taylor for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons 1989 Norman Ramsey for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks. Hans Dehmelt and Wolfgang Paul for the development of the ion trap technique 1988 Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino 1987 J.Georg Bendnorz and K. Alexander Mller for a breakthrough in the study of superconductivity in ceramic materials

1986 Ernst Ruska for the design of the first electron microscope Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer for their design of the scanning tunnelling microscope 1985 Klaus von Klitzing for the discovery of the quantised Hall effect 1984 Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer for contributions to the project that led to the discovery of the W and Z particles 1983 Subramanyan Chandrasekhar for studies of physical processes important in the structure and evolution of stars William Fowler for studies of nuclear reactions important in the formation of chemical elements in the universe 1982 Kenneth Wilson for his theory of critical phenomena in phase transitions 1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen and Arther Schawlow for the development of laser spectroscopy Kai Siegbahn for contributions to the development of high resolution electron spectroscopy 1980 James Cronin and Val Fitch for the discovery of fundamental symmetry in the decay of neutral K mesons 1979 Sheldon Glashow, Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg for contributions to the theory of unified weak and electromagnetic interactions between fundamental particles 1978 Pyotr Kapitsa for discoveries in the area of low temperature physics Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson for the discovery of the cosmic background radiation 1977 Philip Anderson, Nevil Mott and John van Vleck for work on the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems

1976 Burton Richter and Samuel Ting for pioneering work in the discovery of a new kind of heavy elementary particle 1975 Aage Bohr, Ben Mottleson and James Rainwater for the development of a theory about the stricture of the atomic nucleus 1974 Martin Ryle and Anthony Hewish for pioneering work in astrophysics including the discovery of pulsars 1973 Leon Esaki and Ivar Giaever for the discovery of the tunnelling effect in semiconductors Brian Josephson for the discovery of the Josephson effect 1972 John Bardeen, Leon Cooper and J.Robert Schrieffer for the development of the BCS theory of superconductivity 1971 Denis Gabor for invention and development of holography 1970 Hannes Alfvn for fundamental work in magneto- hydrodynamics Louis Nel for fundamental work in antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism 1969 Murray Gell-Mann for discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles 1968 Luis Alvarez for discoveries in particle physics 1967 Hans Bethe for discoveries concerning the energy production in stars 1966 Alfred Kastler for discovering optical methods for the study of hertzian resonances in atoms 1965 Sin-Itro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger and Richard Feynman for fundamental work in electrodynamics

1964 Charles Townes, Nicolay Basov and Aleksandr Prokhorov for fundamental work in quantum electronics 1963 Eugene Wigner for contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and fundamental particles Maria Goeppert-Mayer and J. Hans Jensen for discoveries about nuclear shell structure 1962 Lev Landau for pioneering theories of condensed matter 1961 Robert Hofstadter for pioneering studies of electron scattering Rudolf Mssbauer for the discovery of the Mssbauer effect 1960 Donald Glaser for the invention of the bubble chamber 1959 Emilio Segr and Owen Chamberlain for the discovery of the anti proton 1958 Pavel Cerenkov, Il'ja Frank and Igor Tamm for the discovery of the Cernekov effect 1957 Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee for work on parity laws 1956 William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain for discovery of the transistor effect 1955 Willis Lamb for discoveries in the fine structure of the spectrum of hydrogen 1954 Max Born for fundamental research in quantum mechanics Walter Bothe for the coincidence method 1953 Frits Zernicke for the invention of the phase contrast microscope

1952 Felix Block and Edward Purcell for new methods of nuclear precision measurements 1951 John Cockroft and Ernest Walton for transmutation of nuclei by artificially accelerated particles 1950 Cecil Powell for a photographic method for studying nuclear reactions 1949 Hideki Yukawa for theoretical work on nuclear physics 1948 Patrick Blackett for the development of the Wilson cloud chamber and work in nuclear Physics 1947 Edward Appleton for work on the upper atmosphere and the discovery of the Appleton layer 1946 Percy Bridgman for work on high pressure Physics 1945 Wolfgang Pauli for the discovery of the exclusion principle 1944 Isidor Rabi for his method of recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei 1943 Otto Stern for his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton and development of the molecular ray model 1942 No individual award. The money was given to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special Fund (2/3). 1941 No individual award. The money was given to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special Fund (2/3). 1940 No individual award. The money was given to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special Fund (2/3).

1939 Ernest Lawrence for the invention and development of the cyclotron 1938 Enrico Fermi for work on the transmutation of elements by neutron bombardment 1937 Clinton Davisson and George Thomson for the discovery of electron diffraction 1936 Victor Hess for the discovery of cosmic radiation Carl Anderson for the discovery of the positron 1935 James Chadwick for the discovery of the neutron 1934 No individual award. The money was given to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special Fund (2/3). 1933 Erwin Schrdinger and Paul Dirac for new theories of the atom 1932 Werner Heisenberg for the proposal and development of quantum mechanics 1931 No individual award. The money was given to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special Fund (2/3). 1930 Chandrasekhara Raman for work on the scattering of light and the Raman effect 1929 Louis de Broglie for the discovery of the wave nature of electrons 1928 Owen Richardson for work on thermionic emission 1927 Arthur Compton for the discovery of the Compton Effect Charles Wilson for the invention of the cloud chamber

1926 Jean Perrin for work on the discontinuous structure of matter 1925 James Franck and Gustav Hertz for work on the impacts of electrons on atoms 1924 Karl Siegbahn for work on X ray spectroscopy 1923 Robert Millikan for work on the charge on the electron and the photoelectric effect 1922 Niels Bohr for work on the structure of the atom and the emission of radiation from atoms 1921 Albert Einstein for work in theoretical Physics especially his law of photoelectric emission 1920 Charles Guillaume for the discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys 1919 Johannes Stark for the discovery of the splitting of spectral lines in magnetic fields 1918 Max Planck for his discovery of the quantum nature of radiation and energy 1917 Charles Barkla for the discovery of characteristic X ray emission of the elements 1916 No individual award. The money was given to the Special Fund. 1915 William Lawrence Bragg and William Henry Bragg for work on crystal structure using X ray diffraction 1914 Max von Laue for the discovery of X ray diffraction

1913 Heike Kamerlingh- Onnes for his investigations of the behaviour of materials at low temperatures leading to the discovery of liquid helium 1912 Nils Dalen for work on the automatic regulators in lighthouses 1911 Wilhelm Wien for his laws of the transmission of heat radiation 1910 Johannes van der Waals for his equation of state for liquids and gases 1909 Guglielmo Marconi and Carl Braun for their work on wireless telegraphy 1908 Gabriel Lippmann for work on colours and interference in photography 1907 Albert Michelson for devising precision optical instruments and using them in spectroscopy and meteorology 1906 JJ Thompson for theoretical and experimental work on the conduction of electricity 1905 Philipp Lenard for work on cathode rays 1904 William Rayleigh for the discovery of argon and work on the densities of gases 1903 Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie and Marie Curie for the discovery and work on radioactivity 1902 Hendrik Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman for research into the effects of magnetism on radiation 1901 Wilhelm Roentgen for the discovery of cathode rays