www.errsm.

org

msitf
4.1

mKf

4.2

miu tlf kW fh tlf

4.3

TL cUtf

4.1 mKf
msLj vgJ xU wdhF. J xbthU kj
mwhl thF mtakhwJ. xbthUtU j mwhl
th VnjD xiw msl ntosJ. jF y
cjhuzfshf,

gl 4.1
(i) zUJ iwf gagL f s,
(ii) e o fj kW rdfSF gagL iu
iy ms,
(iii) e L miwia jsl ntoa jiu ms
kW
(iv) gUilF
njitahd
Matiw Twyh.
nkfl
gagLwJ.

xbthU

NHY

J
msa

s
fUJ

js cUtf gf sf, nfhzf, gugsf,

Rwsf kW fd cUtf wguf, fd msf
Matiw vLJiuF fj it msa vnwh.

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msitf

id Tf
eh VHh tF goj
tiuaiwfis id Tnth.

tU

Perimeter vw
My brhYF
Rws vW bghU.
nuf bkh
Peri vwh R
vW meter vwh
msl vW
bghUgL.

(i) gugs
xU js cs cUtdh milgL
cgF gugs vdgL.
(ii) Rws
xU
_oa
tot
Rws
mUt viy s MF.

vgJ

fl bghUf tot vdbtW bjwjh?

gl 4.2
it midJ tl tot bghUf MF.
(iii) tl
gl tl ikaij O vd, tl
Muij r vd vLJ bfhlh,
A = rr2 rJu myFf.
A

g
360

F: tl ikanfhz = 360.

O
t

P = 2rr myFf,
r - 22 myJ 3.14
7

gl 4.3

tl Rws myJ g,

tl gugs,

gl. 4.4

gl 4.5
Mu
gugs
X milia vLJ t. v
1.
bfhs. m btntW
2.
Mufis cila tlfis
3.
t i ua .m t l fis
bto mt gugsit Rwsit fhf.

Rws

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4.2 miutlf kW fh tlf
4.2.1 miu tl
mkhthir myJ bgsz KoJ VG ehfSF wF yit
ghUfsh?
y tot vthW UF?
y tot gl 4.6 csJ nghW UF.
gl 4.6

ij vgo miHfyh?
ij miutl (tl gh) vd miHfyh.

tlij l gjh ilF U rk gFf miutlf MF.

tlUJ X miutlij vgo
bgWth? X tl tot milia vLJ
bfhs.mjid l AB tahf
btl. gl 4.7 (M) csgo U
miutlf bgWth.

F: miu tl ikanfhz 180.

(m) gl 4.7 (M)

gl 4.8

(m) miutl Rws

Rws, P = 1 (tl g) + 2 (Mu)
2
1
=
# 2 rr + 2 r
2
gl 4.9
P = rr + 2r = (r + 2) r myFf.
(M) miutl gugs
gugs, A = 1 tl gugs
2
1
=
# rr 2
2 2
A = rr rJu myFf.
2
4.2.2 fh tl
gl 4.10
C
tlij mj brFJ lf tahf btl.
ehF rkkhd gFf ilF. xbthU gF fh tl
O
A
vdgL.
gl 4.11 Tago tlij btLnghJ ekF OCA,
D
OAD, ODB kW OBC vd ehF fh lf ilwJ.
gl 4.11
F: fh tl ikanfhz 90.

gl 4.12

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msitf

(m) fh tl Rws
Rws, P = 1 (tl g) + 2 (Mu) myFf
4
= 1 # 2rr + 2r
4
P = rr + 2r
2r = ` r + 2j r myFf
2
2
(M) fh tl gugs
gugs, A = 1 # (tl gugs)
4
1
A =
# rr2 rJu myFf
4
vLJfhL 4.1

gl 4.13

gl 4.14

14 br. MuKs miu tl Rws kw gugsit fhf.

bfhLfgLsit :
tl Mu, r = 14 br..
gl 4.15
miutl Rws, P = (r + 2) r myFf
` P = ( 22 + 2) # 14
7
22
= ( + 14 ) # 14 = 36 # 14 = 72 br..
7
7
miutl Rws, P = 72 br..

2
miutl gugs, A = rr r. myFf

2
` A = 22 # 14 # 14 = 308 br. 2.
7
2

vLJfhL 4.2
xU tl Mu 21 br. v, mj fh tl
Rwsit, gugsit fhf.

bfhLfgLsit :

gl 4.16

tl Mu, r = 21 br.
fh tl Rws, P = ` r + 2j r myFf
2
= c 22 + 2 m # 21 = ` 22 + 2j # 21
7#2
14
P = ` 22 + 28 j # 21 = 50 # 21
14
14
= 75 br..

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2
fh tl gugs, A = rr r.myFf
4
22
A =
# 21 # 21
7
4
= 346.5 br. 2.

vLJfhL 4.3
miu tl toyhd bt x l
14 . mjF RW nt mikf xU lUF ` 10 j
bry MwJ v bkhj bryit fhf.
gl 4.17

bfhLfgLsit : l, d = 14

` Mu, r = 14 = 7
2

myF RW nt mikgjh eh mj Rwsit fhz

ntL.
miu tl Rws, P = ^r + 2h # r myFf
= ` 22 + 2 j # 7

7
= ` 22 + 14 j # 7
7
P = 36
1 lUF RW nt mikf MF bry = ` 10

` 36 lUF RWnt mikf MF bry

= 36 10 = ` 360.
vLJfhL 4.4
miu tl toyhd fh x viy ntahf gagLjgLs
r s 36 v fh gugsit fhf.

bfhLfgLsit :
r s = miu tl Rws

gl 4.18

` ^r + 2h r = 36

22
` 7 + 2j # r = 36
22 14 # r = 36
` +
j
7
36 # r = 36 & r = 7
7
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msitf

fh gugs = miutl gugs

rr2 r. myFf
2
= 22 # 7 # 7 = 77 2
7
2

A =

` fh gugs = 77 2 .

g 4.1
1. rahd ilia njbjLJ vGJf.

(i) X miu tl gugs tl gugs .......... klF MF.

(A) uL
(B) ehF
(C) miu
(D) fh
(ii) miu tl Rws .......... MF.
(A) ` r + 2 j r myFf
(B) ^r + 2h r myFf
2
(C) 2r myFf
(D) ^r + 4hr myFf
(iii) xU tl Mu 7 v, mj miu tl gugs .......... MF.
(A) 77 2
(B) 44 2
(C) 88 2
(D) 154 2
(iv) xU tl gugs 144 br. 2 v, mj fh tl gugs ..........
MF.
(A) 144 br. 2

(B) 12 br. 2

(C) 72 br. 2

(D) 36 br. 2

(v) xU tl l 84 br. v, mj fh tl Rws ..........

MF.
(A) 150 br.

(B) 120 br.

(C) 21 br.

(D) 42 br.

(vi) xU tl .......... fh tlf csd.

(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3

(D) 4

(vii) fh tl vgJ tl .......... xU gF MF.

(A) uo
(B) eh
(C) _

(D) I

(viii) miutl ikanfhz.......... MF.

(A) 90
(B) 270
(C) 180

(D) 360

(ix) fh tl ika nfhz .......... MF.

(A) 90
(B) 180
(C) 270

(D) 0

(x) X miu tl gugs 84 br. 2 v mtl gugs ..........

(A) 144 br. 2
(B) 42 br. 2
(C) 168 br. 2
(D) 288 br. 2

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2. tU msfis Mufshf bfhl miu tlf
Rwsfis gugsfis fhf.
(i) 35 br.
(ii) 10.5 br.
(iii) 6.3
(iv) 4.9
3. tU msfis lfshf bfhl miu tlf
Rwsfis gugsfis fhf.
(i) 2.8 br.
(ii) 56 br.
(iii) 84 br.
(iv) 112
4. tU msfis Mufshf bfhl fh tlf
Rwsfis gugsfis fhf.
(i) 98 br.
(ii) 70 br.
(iii) 42
(iv) 28
5. gl bfhLfgl miu tl ACB kW fh tl
BOC gugsit fhf.
6. miu tl toyhd fh Mu 21 . xU lUF ` 5 j mjF
RW nt mikf MF bryit fhf.

4.3 TL cUtf

(m)

(M)

()

(<)

(c)

gl 4.19
nkfl cUtfUJ vij
mJ bfhlh?
Kj gl (m) miu tl
nk xU Knfhz itfgLsJ
ngh
njhWwJ.
ulhtJ
gl (M) xU rJu nk xU rtf
itfgLsJ nghWsJ.

cUtf
iz
iy (Juxtaposition) vgJ y
js cUtf x
gf
sij kbwh xj gf
sF rkkhf mLjLJ
itJ cUthffgL mik
MF.

uL myJ _W cUtfis
x gf kbwhiw itjh
J cUt ilwJ. it TL cUtf vdgL. nkfl cUtf
Knfhz, brtf, miutl nghw y bjj cUtf iz
iy MF. jF y cjhuzfis ghnghkh?

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t.
v
1.

msitf

js cUtf
uL mrk gf
Knfhzf

iz iy
C

ehfu
B

2.

U brnfhz
Knfhzf kW rtf
brtf

A E

3.

MW rk gf
Knfhzf

mWnfhz

F B

D
B

(m) gynfhz
gynfhz (Polygon) vgJ n nenfhL
JLfsh totikfgl _oa js cUtkhF.
nenfhL JLfis
cUt nenfhL cUt MF.

csla

js

gl 4.20
_W gffis csla nenfhL
cUtij Knfhz vW ehF gffis
csla nenfhL cUtij ehfu
gynfhz vgJ _W myJ
vW miHnwh.
mjF nkgl gffis
bfhl nenfhL cUt MF.

(M) xGF gynfhz

gynfhz gffS nfhzfS rkkhf U, mJ X xGF
gynfhz (Regular Polygon) vdgL.
cjhuzkhf,
(i) rkgf KnfhzkhdJ _W gffis bfhl
xGF gynfhzkhF.

gl 4.21

(ii) rJu ehF gffis bfhl xGF

gynfhzkhF.
gl 4.22

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() xGfw gynfhz
xGfw totik cUthF gynfhzf xGfw gynfhz
vdgL.
(<) F gynfhz
xU gynfhz Fiwjgr xU nfhzkhtJ 180I l
mfkhf Ujh mJ F gynfhz vdgL.
gl 4.23

(c) Fj gynfhz
xU gynfhz xbthU cnfhzK gynfhz
180I l Fiwthf Ujh mJ Fj gynfhz vdgL.
gynfhzf tUkhW tifgLjgL.

gl 4.24

gff
vif

gynfhz bga

Knfhz

ehfu

Infhz

mWnfhz

VGnfhz

vnfhz

etnfhz

10

gknfhz

bgUghikahd TLUtf xGfw gynfhzfshF. eh

tiw mj js cUtfshf gj _y t Rws, gugs
Matiw Kija tF fw Nufis bfhL fzlyh.
fl mltiz it tirgLjgLsd.

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t.
v
1.

msitf

cUt
bga

gugs ((A
A)) rJu
A
myFf

cUt

Knfhz

Rws ((P
P)) myFf
P

1 #b#h
2

AB + BC + CA

1 #b#h
2

(mo + cau +
fz)

2.

brnfhz
Knfhz
A

3.

Knfhz
B

AB+BC+CA = 3a ;

3 a2
4
( 3 - 1.732)

rkgf
C

brFJ, h =
myFf

3 a
2

4.

U rk gf
#

Knfhz

2a +2

a2 - h2

5.

a2 - h2

mrk gf

s (s - a) (s - b) (s - c)
s= a + b + c
2

Knfhz

AB + BC + CA
= ^ a + b + ch

h
1

ehfu

6.

1 # d # (h + h )
1
2
2

AB + BC + CD + DA

7.

izfu

bh

2 (a + b)

8.

brtf

lb

2 (l + b)

9.

rtf

10.

rhrJu

AB + BC + CD + DA

1 # h # (a+b)
2

d1, d2 Mad _iy

lf v
gugs 1 # d1 # d2

4a

a2

4a

11.

rJu

159

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nH bfhLfgLs totfis cf Uggo f mj
js cUtfshf J d cfSF thf.

gl 4.25
vLJfhL 4.5
fl TL cUtf Rws kW gugsit fhf.
(i)

(i)

(ii)

gl 4.26

gl 4.27

J ABCD vw rJuK, DEA vw miu tlK

bfhl TL cUtkhF.
!
DEA vw AD I lkhf bfhl tl
g ghahF.
bfhLfgLsit :
rJu gf

= 7 br.

= 7 br.
` miutl Mu, r = 7 br.
2
!
TL cUt Rws = AB + BC + CD + DEA

` miu tl l

= 7 + 7 + 7 + 1 # (tl g)
2
1
= 21 + # 2rr
2
= 21 + 22 # 7
7
2
P = 21 + 11 = 32 br.
P

` TL cUt Rws
TL cUt gugs

= 32 br.
= miutl gugs
+ rJu gugs

160

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msitf

rr 2 + a 2
2
22 # 7 # 7 + 72 = 77 + 49
=
7#2 2#2
4
2
` TL cUt gugs = 19.25 + 49 = 68.25 br. .
A

(ii) bfhLfgLs TLUt ABCD vw rJuK, ADE

vw rk gf KnfhzK bfhL cUthdJ.
bfhLfgLsit:
rJu gf =

4 br.

` TL cUt Rws =

AB + BC + CD + DE + EA

4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20 br.

` TL cUt Tws =
TL cUt gugs =
=
=
=
TL cUt gugs =

20 br.
rJu gugs +
rkgf Knfhz gugs
2
a + 3 a2
3 = 1.732
4
3 #4#4
4 # 4+
4
4
16 + 1.732 4
16 + 6.928 = 22.928

gugs - 22. 93 br. 2

vLJfhL 4.6
Hl gF Rws kW gugs fhf.
(i)

(ii)

gl 4.28

gl 4.29
(i) bfhLfgLs TL cUt ABCD vw brtf, AEB kW DFC
Ma U rkgu bfhl miu tlf Matiw bfhL
cUthfglJ MF.
bfhLfgLsit:
brtf s,l =

4 br.

brtf mfy, b =

2 br.

miutl l =
` miut Mu, r =

2 br.
2 = 1 br.
2

161

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msitf

rr12 + rr22 + rr32

2
2
2

22 # 5 # 5 + 22 # 4 # 4 + 22 # 3 # 3
7#2
7#2
7#2
275 + 176
176 + 99 = 550 = 78.571 br. 2
7
7
7
7

Hl gF gugs - 78.57 br. 2

nkfl vLJfho,
miutl BEC gugs + miutl CFA gugs
= miutl ADB gugs
vLJfhL 4.7
brtf toyhd 70 52 gkhz bfhl
fs xU _iy xU Fiu nktjfhf 28
bfhl fdh flgLsJ. Fiu fs
cwkhf nk gugsit fhf. Fiu nkahj
fs guig fhf.

brtf s, l =

70

brtf mfy, b =

52

f s =

28

gl 4.30

AEF vw Hl gF Fiu nkj guig FwJ. gu fh

tl gF gugs MF. j Mu, r = 28 .
fh tl gF AEF gugs = 1 # rr2 r. myFf
4
1
=
# 22 # 28 # 28
4
7
=

616 2

` Fiu nkj gugs =

616 2

Fiu nkahj gugs =

brtf ABCD gugs fh tl gF AEF gugs

brtf ABCD gugs =

=
` Fiu nkahj gugs =
=

l b r. myFf
70 52 = 3640 2
3640 616
3024 2.

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vLJfhL 4.8
bfhLfgLs gl rJu ABCD gf ms
14 br.. Hl gF gugsit fhf.

rJu gf, a

= 14 br.

xbthU tl Mu, r

= 7 br.
2

Hl gF gugs

gl 4.31

= rJu gugs - 4 tl gugs

= a 2 - 4 ( rr 2 )
= 14 14 4 # 22 # 7 # 7
7
2 2

7br

7br

7/2br

7/2br

= 196 154
` Hl gF gugs

= 42 br. 2.

gl 4.32

vLJfhL 4.9

tl toyhd xU jhu f Mu 35 br.. J xU rJu to

tisfgLwJ v, mrJu gfij fhf.

bfhLfgLsit:
tl Mu, r = 35 br.
mnj fahdJ, rJukhf tisfgLsJ.

gl 4.33

tl Rws = rJu Rws

tl Rws = 2rr myFf
= 2 # 22 # 3
35 br.
7
P = 220 br.
a vgJ rJu gf vf.
rJu Rws = 4a myFf

gl 4.34

4a = 220

a = 55 br.
` rJu gf = 55 br..

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msitf

vLJfhL 4.10
gf ms 28 br. mss xU rJu ehF
_iyfUJ xbthU tlK kw uL tlfis
bjhLkhW ehF tlf gl csgo tiuagLwd
v Hl gF gugsit fhf.

gl 4.35

ABCD vw rJu gf a vf.

` a
` xbthU tl Mu, r

= 28 br.
= 28
2
= 14 br.

Hl gF gugs

= rJu gugs - 4 fh tl gF
= a 2 - 4 # 1 # rr 2
4
= 28 28 - 4 # 1 # 22 # 14 # 14
4
7
= 784 616

` Hl gF gugs = 168 br. 2.

vLJfhL 4.11
14 mfyKs X XLjs ghijahdJ
120 sKs uL ne gFfis c
Mu 35 mss U miu tl gFfis
bfhLsJ. mj XL ghij gugsit
fzLf.

gl 4.36

bfhLfgLsit:
c miu tl Mu, r

35

XL ghij mfy

14

` bt miu tl Mu, R

35 + 14 = 49

49

XL ghij gugs, miu tl XL ghijf gugsf kW

brtf XL ghijf gugsf TLj MF.
brtf XL ghijf ABCD kW EFGH gugs = 2 (ll b)
b
=

2 14 120 = 3360 2

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miutl XL ghijf gugs =

2 (bt miu tl
gugs - c miu
tl gugs)

2 # ` 1 rR 2 - 1 r r 2 j
2
2
2 # 1 # r^ R 2 - r 2h
2
22 # ^492 - 352h
7
22 ^49 + 35h ^49 - 35h
7
22 # 84 # 14 = 3696 2
7
3360 + 3696

7056 2

=
=
=
=
=
` XL ghij gugs
vLJfhL 4.12

gl 4.37 PQSR vgJ xU kygLifia

FwJ. OP = 21 , v Hl gF gugsit
fhf.

bfhLfgLsit :

gl 4.37

OP = 21 kW OR = 14
PR = OP OR = 21 14 = 7

kygLif gugs = fh tl gF OQP gugs fhgl gF OSR gugs

= 1 r # OP2 - 1 r # OR2
4
4
= 1 # r # 212 - 1 # r # 142
4
4
2
1
=
# r # ^21 - 142h
4
1
=
# 22 # ^21 + 14h # ^21 - 14h
4
7
` kygLif gugs = 1 # 22 # 35 # 7 = 192. 5 2 .
4
7
vLJfhL 4.13
7 br. gf msila ABCD vw rJu gl 4.38
fhosgo Hl gF gugsit fhf.

gl 4.38

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msitf

Hlglhj gFfis I, II, III kW IV vd

gl 4.39 fhosgo vLJ bfhs.
P, Q, R kW S vgd AB, BC, CD kW DA ika
f vdyh.
rJu gf, a = 7 br.
miutl Mu, r = 7 br.
2
I gugs + III gugs = rJu ABCD gugs -

gl 4.39

P kW R I ikakhf
bfhl miutlf gugs
= a 2 - 2 # 1 # rr 2
2
= 7 # 7 - 2 # 1 # 22 # 7 # 7
2
7
2 2
77
2
br. = 21 br. 2.
` I gugs + III gugs = `49 2 j
2
77
II gugs + IV gugs = `49 - j br. 2 = 21 br. 2.
2
2
Hl gFf gugsf = rJu ABCD gugs (I, II, III kW IV gugs)
= 49 - ` 21 + 21 j
2
2
= 49 - 21 = 28 br. 2
` Hl gFf gugs

= 28 br. 2.

vLJfhL 4.14
xU y msitahs xU y msfis
tUkhW FJsh. y guid fLo.

A UJ D tiu cs yksgt Ff J, K,
L, M vf.

gl 4.40

bfhLfgLsit:
AJ = 5 , JF = 7 ,
KB = 6 , LE = 9 , MC = 10 ,
AK = 10 , AL = 12 ,
AM = 15 kW AD = 20 .
bfhLfgl ykhdJ rtff KBCM,
LEFJ kW brnfhz Knfhzf ABK, MCD,
DEL kW JFA t bjhFghF.

167

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rtf KBCM gugs, A1vf.

A1 = 1 # (KB + MC) # KM (a KB kW MC iz

2
1
=
# (6 + 10) # 5
2
A1 = 1 # 16 # 5 = 4
40 2.
2
rtf LEFJ gugs, A2 vf.

gff, FJau KM.

KB = 6 , MC = 10 ,
KM = AM AK
= 15 10 = 5 )

A2 = 1 # (JF + LE) # JL (a
2

brnfhz

LE kW JF iz
gff, FJau JL.
= 1 # (7 + 9) # 7
JF = 7 , LE = 9 ,
2
JF = 7
, LE = 9 ,

A2 = 1 # 16 # 7 = 5
56 2. JL = AL AJ
2
= 12 5 = 7 )
Knfhz ABK gugs, A vf.
3

A3 = 1 # AK # KB
2
1
A3 =
30 2.
# 10 # 6 = 3
2
brnfhz Knfhz MCD gugs, A4 vf.
A4 = 1 # MC # MD.
2
= 1 # 10 # 5
2
A4 = 50 = 25 2.

brnfhz Knfhz DEL gugs, A5 vf.

A5 = 1 # DL # LE

A5

2
= 1 # ^ AD - ALh # LE
2
= 1 ^20 - 12h # 9
2
= 1 # 8 # 9 = 36 2.
2

brnfhz Knfhz JFA gugs, A6 vf.

A6 = 1 # AJ # JF

2
1
=
# 5 # 7 = 35 = 17.5 2.
2
2
ygF gugs = A1 + A 2 + A 3 + A 4 + A 5 + A 6
= 40 + 56 + 30 + 25 + 36 + 17.5
= 204.5 2.

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msitf

g 4.2
1. fl glf Rwsit fhf

2. fl glf gugsit fhf.

3. tzl gFf gugsit fhf.

169

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msitf

9. xU rJu tot ifFil, xgJ tl totikf

xbthW 7 br. MuKsjhf jahfgLsJ.
tl gFfis jJ ifFil vs
gF gugsit fhf.

10. y msitahs nehL jfYs tU FfUJ

cj gl tiuJ mt gugsfis fhf.
(i)

(ii)

cfsh vWF cjt Kokh?

btntW totf jiu j
lF cz JLfis R X vW
CwJ. mJ vj cz Jil R
tUnghJ f FWa kW
f l RW vLf neU?

vJ aJ?
rJu Rws myJ rJu csla
tl Rws?

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