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2
lataawaa concerning
1obacco and (igarettes
Muhammad bin Ibraaheem Aal-ish-Sheikh
Abdur-Rahmaan bin Naasir As-Sa`di
Abdul-Azeez bin Abdullah bin Baaz
3
..
... .-
-. ... .
-.: ..-. ..s . . ... ... ... .... .. ~. ...
4

loreword
Verilv all praise is or Allah. we praise and thank him. seek lis
aid. and seek his orgieness. \hosoeer Allah guides. none can
misguide. and whosoeer Allah misguides. there is none to guide.
And mav the Peace and blessings o Allah be upon lis last mes-
senger. our Prophet Muhammad. and upon all his amilv and
companions.
1o proceed:
Indeed we are liing in a time o great conusion. where the truth
is mixed with alsehood. in which none can distinguish between
the two except or those Allah has gien the criterion. Allah savs.
- |, .| - -| , . ,- =| .| =
O you who believe, if you have taqwaa

of Allah, He
will give you a criterion (to differentiate between truth
and falsehood) .
|Surah al-Anaal 8,:29|
And rom the matters in which manv are conused is the tobacco
that has become so rampant in our times. Its trial has alicted
manv people. een those that we might consider to be rom
1
1aqwaa , , . . : a state in which one aoids all which Allah orbids and does
all le commands.
5
amongst the righteous. so much so that we een see them indulg-
ing in it in the open. not perceiing its great harm to their religion
and health.
Also. a great disserice has been done bv those who call them-
seles scholars. conusing people and not clariving to them the
ruling concerning this tobacco. giing excuse that there are no
clear eidences to be ound establishing its prohibition. I we
were to accord to this reasoning. one would ind that we would
not then be able to gie judgment in manv other matters in the
religion. or Allah. out o lis ininite \isdom. has gien general
rulings which allow us to judge speciic matters. thus making lis
religion the ultimate source o legislation or all matters. in this
world and the next. until the end o time.
Anvone who has the slightest understanding o Islam and its
sources has no doubt concerning its permissibilitv. but others`
reasoning has been corrupted because o adhering to alse no-
tions. like blind ollowing. so much that their intellect ceases to
unction. not being able to perceie anvthing other than the opin-
ion o the one thev ollow.
So it is upon those whom Allah has gien the 1aweeq

to under-
stand the religion to break the shackles o ignorance and blind
ollowing. and to clariv to people the realitv o tobacco which is
so lightlv taken bv manv todav.
lor this reason. we elt it necessarv that the fataawaa

o schol-
ars whom Allah has chosen not to be ictims o this ignorance be
known. to clariv to all the prohibition o this eil and repulsie
habit. and to be rom amongst those who gie ictorv to lis re-
ligion. not earing the blame o those who blame. Mav Allah re-
2
1awfeeq , ,, `_ . : Success rom Allah in doing the right thing.
3
Iataawaa , , . . : Plural o Iatwaa , , . . . which means a legal erdict in the
religion.
6
ward all those who helped publishing this work. and reward them
with whateer good results rom it. Ameen.

1he latwaa o
Sheikh
Muhammad bin Ibraaheem Aal-ish-
Sheikh
Mav Allah hae mercv on him,
regarding
Smoking
(igarettes
8

All praise is due to Allah alone. and mav the Peace and Blessings
o Allah be upon Muhammad. the last o the prophets.
I was asked about the ruling concerning tobacco. in which manv
ignorant and oolish people are enamored. in spite o the act that
eerv person knows that we hae stated its prohibition. \e. our
scholars and teachers. their teachers. and all the truth-seeking
scholars rom the leaders o the Da'wah

o the Najd
5
and the
rest o the Muslim world. rom the time o its onset around 1010
Al until this dav. hae stated its prohibition. all basing their ei-
dence rom the principles o the religion and obseration.
lor this reason. I had at irst elt that it was not appropriate to
answer this question. but since it was the due right o the ques-
tioner. and since this khabeeth.
6
as one would neer expect. has
become so prealent. I decided to proceed in answering it.
So I sav:
1here is no doubt that cigarettes are something khabeeth and pu-
trid. and that at times thev hae intoxicating attributes. while at
other times thev act as a sedatie. Its prohibition is based upon
4
Da'wah , . - , . : 1he call to Islam. lere. it means the da`wah o Muhammad
bin Sulavmaan at-1ameemi.
5
Najd: 1he central part o what is known todav as Saudi Arabia.
6
Kabeeth , ,,- . . , pl. khabaa`ith , - , . . : Literallv. anvthing ound repulsie. In
religious terms. anvthing repulsie. eil. and unlawul. i.e. things. deeds. belies.
persons and ood. Kubth , - , . . : repulsieness.
9
authentic texts rom the Our`an and Sunnah

. sound reasoning.
and also rom the statements o phvsicians and others who are
well inormed in its regard.
1he first: Authentic sources.
Allah , savs in the Our`an.
- | .,=,| .,-, =| .=- -,- -,= .=| -v ,
, ,| , =,,-| .,-| ,v , ,' - ..
, =,`,=| ..| .,- ..,- -`, =
And those who follow the Messenger, the Prophet
who can neither read nor write, whom they find writ-
ten with them in the 1awraah (1orah) and the Injeel
(Gospels), ordering them with al-ma'roof (all things
ordained by Islam), and prohibiting them from al-
munkar (all things prohibited by Islam), and allows
for them at-tayyibaat (all things good and pure) and
prohibits them al- khabaa`ith.
|Surah al-A`raa ,:15|
It has been related in a hadeeth
8
in Saheeh al-Bukhaari. on the
authoritv o Umar ,. who said that the Prophet , said.

Sunnah , = - . pl. Sunan , = ` . : 1he Speech. Deeds and tacit approals o the
Prophet ,.
8
Hadeeth , - = . . pl. ahaadeeth , | - . . . : A narration o the speech. deeds.
airmations. or characteristics o the Prophet ,.
10
Lvery intoxicant is considered khamr (wine) and every
khamr is haraam (impermissible).
. and in the wording o Muslim.
.and every intoxicant is haraam.
It has also been related bv 1irmidhi which he stated as a hasan
9
hadeeth, and Abu Dawud:
Lvery intoxicant is haraam, and anything of which a
large amount intoxicates, even a small amount is
haraam.
All o these noble erses and authentic ahaadith establish its pro-
hibition. or at times this khabeeth is an intoxicant. and at other
times a sedatie. and none object to this act except those who
reject the realitv o their senses. \ithout anv doubt. these texts
also conirm the prohibition o all other tvpes o intoxicants and
sedaties.
It has been related bv Imaam Ahmad and Abu Dawud on the
authoritv o Umm Salamah. mav Allah be pleased with her. that
she said:
1he Messenger of Allah () prohibited every intoxicant
and sedative.
Al-laidh. az-Zain al-Iraaqi said.
9
Hasan: An authentic hadeeth. but one that does not reach the status o
saheeh.
11
Its isnaad
10
is saheeh
11
.` and as-Suvuti also declared it to be
saheeh in his book. Al-Jaami`-us- Saheeh.`
Smoking also inoles wastage o monev. causing the smoker to
sacriice manv essentials o lie in its acquisition. and none can
object to this realitv.
In a hadeeth ound in the Saheehayn
12
. the Prophet , said:
Verily Allah has made forbidden for you: disobedience
to parents, burying alive of daughters, and demanding
your rights while not giving to others, and He has hated
13
for you: vain talk, persistent questioning
14
, and squander-
ing of money.
10
Isnaad: 1he chain o narrators which report a particular hadeeth.
11
Saheeh: A hadeeth o the highest categorv o authenticitv.
12
Saheehayn: Literallv. the two Saheehs. Al-Bukhaari and Muslim. the two
most authentic books o hadeeth. and the onlv two books o the six most
common books o hadeeth. al-Bukhaari. Muslim. Abu Daawud. an-Nasaa`i.
ibn Maajah. and at-1irmidhi. in which the authors. Muhammad bin Ismaeel al-
Bukhari and Muslim bin lajjaaj an-Nisapuri. intended to include onlv the
most authentic o ahaadeeth.
13
Imaam an-Nawawi stated in his explanantion o Saheeh Muslim. 1he
scholars hae stated that what is meant bv pleasure. anger. and hatred rom
Allah is lis commnding or prohibiting it. and his reward and punishment.`
Also in the Our`an. ater Allah mentions some o the greatest sins. i.e.
ornication. murder. and the killing o children. le describes them as being
hated bv lim.
=,,- c` =- -`,= . c|. -
All these are evil and hateful in the Sight of your Lord.
|Surah al-Israa1,:38|
14
1he tvpe o questioning which is o no use.
12
\hat will ollow rom the statements o the orerunners o the
our madhaahib
15
will clariv what was intended here bv the
Prophet ,.
lrom the fuqahaa
16
o the Hanafiyyah
1
. Sheikh Muhammad
al-Avni mentioned in his treatise that there were our actors that
lead to its prohibition:
1, Statements o phvsicians and others who hae knowledge in
this issue hae conirmed that smoking is detrimental to one`s
health. and all things that are harmul to one`s health are pro-
hibited bv the consensus o the scholars.
2, Phvsicians consider it a drug. and all drugs are prohibited in
the religion. 1his is established rom the hadeeth o Imaam
Ahmad on the authoritv o Umm Salamah. mav Allah be
pleased with her. that she said.
1he Messenger of Allah () prohibited every intoxicant
and sedative.
It is considered a sedatie bv the unanimitv o phvsicians. and
their statements are considered an eidence bv the consensus
o the uqahaa rom both the earlier and later generations.
3, Its repugnant odor that oenses others who do not smoke.
particularlv in gatherings o praver. In act. it displeases the an-
gels as well. It has been related in the Saheehavn on the author-
itv o Jaabir ,. that the Prophet , said:
15
Madhaahib , - = . . : Plural o madhhab , - = `. . . or a school o thought.
16
Iuqahaa , . . : Plural o Iaqeeh , , `- . . or a scholar o fiqh , `- . . or Islamic
jurisprudence.
1
1he school o thought which attributes itsel to Abu laneeah. mav Allah
hae mercv on lim.
13
Whoever has eaten garlic or onion is to keep away from
us and our masaajid

and is to keep to his house.

It is a matter o act that the odor which emanates rom ciga-
rettes is not less displeasing than the odor o garlic or onions.
In another hadeeth in the Saheehavn. also on the authoritv o
Jaabir ,. the Prophet , said:
1he angels are irritated by what humans are irritated
by.
In another hadeeth. the Prophet , said:
Whoever causes distress to a Muslim has caused me dis-
tress, and whoever causes me distress has caused distress
to Allah. |Related bv at-1abaraani in al-Awsat on the author-
itv o Anas , with a hasan isnaad.|
4, It is a waste and excessieness. or it does not contain anv
permissible beneit. nor is it deoid o harm. Rather. according
to the people knowledgeable in this ield. there is genuine harm
in it.
And rom them is Abul-lasan al-Misri al-lanai who said the
ollowing:
Lidences rom authentic traditions and deductions rom
sound intellect decree the prohibition o smoking.
It irst appeared around the vear 1000 Al in the lands o the
Jews. (hristians. and Zoroastrians Majoos,. It was brought
oer to the \estern lands o Islam al-Maghrib, bv a Jew.
claiming to be a man o medicine. who inited people to par-
18
Masaajid , - . - `= . : Plural o Masjid , - . `= . . A place spoeciicallv built or the
worship o Allah.
14
take in it. 1he irst person to import it to Ar-Rum
19
was a per-
son named Ataclean. a (hristian.
1he irst person that grew it in the lands o the Sudan was a Zo-
roastrian Majoos,. It was then brought oer to Misr
20
. lijaaz
21
.
and the rest o the lands.
Indeed Allah has prohibited eerv intoxicant. I one argues that
it is not an intoxicant. it still acts as an analgesic. sedatingthe
smoker`s whole bodv. internallv and externallv. Intoxication is
anv tvpe o obscuration o the mind. een i it is not associated
with pleasure. and there is no doubt that this occurs when one
consumes a cigarette or the irst time. But i he still does not
conorm to the act that it is in act an intoxicant. it does remain
an analgesic and a sedatie.
It has been related bv Imaam Ahmad and Abu Dawud on the
authoritv o Umm Salamah. mav Allah be pleased with her. that
she said.
1he Messenger of Allah () prohibited every intoxicant
and sedative.
1he scholars hae stated that a sedatie is anvthing that causes
sedation and narcotizes the extremities. 1his hadeeth should
well suice as eidence or its prohibition. but to add to this.
smoking causes much detriment to the consumer`s bodv and
soul: it corrupts the heart. eneebles strength. and causes a vel-
lowness in the smoker`s color.
19
Ar-Rum: 1he area in which todav lies 1urkev and its surroundings.
20
Misr: 1he land known todav as Lgvpt.
21
Hijaaz: 1he western part o what is known todav as Saudi Arabia.
15
Phvsicians agree that it is detrimental. It causes harm to a per-
son`s bodv. character. honor. and inancial condition. 1his is be-
cause it resembles the action o the transgressors. or the major-
itv o the people who smoke are the disobedient and the ile.
1he smoker also acquires a detestable odor.
Amongst the uqahaa` o the Hanaabilah
22
. Sheikh Abdullah bin
Muhammad bin Abdul-\ahhaab. ater mentioning the textual
eidence regarding the prohibition o intoxicants and the state-
ments o the scholars concerning its deinition. said the ollowing
in his response to tobacco:
And rom what we hae mentioned rom the statements o the
Messenger o Allah , and the statements o the scholars. it
should now be obious to vou that the tobacco which has be-
come prealent in this time is strictlv prohibited. And it has
been established bv countless sources and witnesses that it
does indeed intoxicate at times. especiallv i it is consumed in a
large quantitv. Likewise. i the smoker ceases to consume it or
a dav or two and then takes to it again. it intoxicates and aects
the mind to the extent that the smoker could pass gas in ront
o people without een knowing it! \e seek reuge in Allah
rom this tvpe o humiliation.
So it is not beitting or the one who beliees in Allah and the
Last Dav that he looks to the saving o anv other i the savings
o Allah and lis Messenger hae become clear to him in the
likes o these issues. as the testimonv that Muhammad , is
the Messenger o Allah` constitutes obevingwhat he co m-
manded. reraining rom all that which he prohibited and ad-
monished. and belieing in eervthing he inormed us.
22
1he school o thought which attributes itsel to Ahmad bin lanbal. mav
Allah hae mercv on lim.
16
Sheikh Abdullah Ababtavn said the ollowing in his response to
tobacco:
\hat we beliee is that it is prohibited. and the reason or this
is twoold:
1he irst reason is that i the smoker were to cease to smoke
or a period and then take to it again. or i he smokes a large
amount. it results in intoxication. I it does not result in intoxi-
cation. it does result in analgesia and sedation. In a maroo`
23
hadeeth related bv Imaam Ahmad:
1he Messenger of Allah () prohibited every intoxicant
and sedative.
1he second is that it is repulsie to those who are not accus-
tomed to smoking. and the scholars hae based their eidence
on the saving o Allah ,.
- .,| ..,- -`,, =
And He prohibits them al-khabaa`ith.
|Surah al-A`raa ,:15|
But as or those who are habituated to it. thev do not perceie
it to be khabeeth. just as a dung beetle does not perceie the
repulsieness o excrement.
23
Marfoo': A hadeeth o the Prophet ,. or a hadeeth o a Sahabah which is
gien the same ruling. because o the act that he mentioned the Prophet ,.
or o the impossibilitv o it being said o his own accord.
1
And rom the uqahaa` o the Shaafiiyyah
24
. the scholar known
as Sheikh Najm al-Ghazzi ash-Shaaii stated the ollowing:
1obacco irst appeared in Dimishq
25
in the vear 1015 Al. 1he
smoker claimed that it did not intoxicate. Len i we were to
vield to this notion. it is still a sedatie. It is just as well prohib-
ited due to the hadeeth related bv Ahmad. on the authoritv o
Umm Salamah. mav Allah be pleased with her:
1he Messenger of Allah () prohibited every intoxicant
and sedative.
le went on to sav:
1o consume it once or twice is not regarded as being o the
greater sins al-kabaa`ir,. except i one were to be persistent in
it. and the same principle applies to the rest o the smaller sins
as-saghaa`ir,.
Scholars hae mentioned that smaller sins hae the same ruling
as the greater sins i thev consist o anv one o the ollowing
characteristics:
1, 1hat one be persistent in it.
2, 1hat importance not be paid to its magnitude. bv lessening
its signiicance and not haing concern or it.
3, 1hat one be content or appeased bv it.
4, 1hat one boast o it to people.
5, lor it to ensue rom a scholar or anvone else who is taken as
an example bv others.
24
1he school o thought which attributes itsel to Muhammad bin Idrees ash-
Shaaii. mav Allah hae mercv on lim.
25
Dimishq: 1he citv known todav as Damascus.
18
Sheikh Khalid bin Ahmad rom the uqahaa o the Maalikiy-
yah
26
responded bv stating the ollowing:
1he Imaamah
2
o the one who smokes tobacco is not permis-
sible. and like anv other intoxicant. its trade is not permissible
either.
1he ollowing are some other scholars who hae prohibited to-
bacco and stated its impermissibilitv:
1, lrom the scholars o Misr: Sheikh Ahmad as-Sanhouri al-
Bahooti al-lanbali.
2, lrom the scholars o al-Maghrib: Abul-Ghaith al-
Oashshaash al-Maaliki.
3, lrom the scholars o Dimishq: an-Najm al-Ghazzi al-
Aamiri ash-Shaaii.
4, lrom the scholars o \emen: Ibraheem bin Jumu`aan and
his pupil. Abu Bakr al-Ahdal.
5, lrom the scholars o the Haramain
28
: Al-Muhaqiq Ab-
dul-Malik al-Isaami and his student Muhammad bin Al-
laan. the commentator o Rivaadh us-Saaliheen. and As-
Savvid Umar al-Basri.
6, lrom the lands o the Rum: Sheikh Muhammad al-
Khawaajah. Lesaa al-Shahaawi al-lanai. Makki bin la-
rukh. As-Savvid Sa`d al-Balkhi al-Madani. and Muhammad
al-Barazanji al-Madani ash-Shaaii.
le also added:
26
1he school o thought which attributes itsel to Malik bin Anas. mav Allah
hae mercv on lim.
2
Imaamah: 1he role o leadership in the praver.
28
Al-Haramain: Literallv: the two sanctuaries: Makkah and Madinah.
19
I saw someone who was smoking at the time o his death.
1hose around him were saving to him. Sav Laa ilaaha ill-
Allah.` but instead. he said. 1his cigarette is great!`
All these scholars o the Ummah and the greatest o Imaams
stated its impermissibilitv. and prohibited partaking in it in anv
wav.
1he second: Sound intellect.
lrom direct obseration and countless attestations. we come to
know that it is detrimental to one`s health. bodv. and mind.
Death. unconsciousness. and arduous diseases. such as coughing
which leads to tuberculosis. cardiac arrest. and contraction o the
blood essels hae all been witnessed as a result o smoking.
\hen one sees these and other results o smoking. thev become
irm in their coniction that smoking is strictlv impermissible. As
sound intellect decrees that one endeaor to attain that which
contains beneit and results in sound health. it also decrees that
one be ar remoed rom that which causes detriment. as it de-
crees its prohibition.
And there can be no consideration gien to those whose doubts
and desires hae taken root in the organs o their reasoning. until
thev are bewitched bv alse theories and notions. and thev are let
prisoners o their own desires.
1he third: Assertions of physicians.
1he earliest o phvsicians are in agreement o the great harm
ound in cigarettes. One can ind that thev warned against three
main actors:
1, Its detestable odor.
2, Its ashes.
20
3, Its smoke and umes. their books being permeated in dis-
course o this actor.
(ontemporarv phvsicians are also well aware o this khabeeth
plant. and we will summarize what thev hae mentioned o its
harm and its constituents that cause it.
1he svnopsis o what thev said is as ollows:
It is a leav plant. an analgesic sour to the taste. Ater due inesti-
gation and obseration. we hae come to know that tobacco is o
two kinds. both belonging to amilv o some o the most poison-
ous plants. like henbane. It is comprised o potassium and am-
monium salts. and another substance called nicotine.
It is utilized in dierent manners:
1, 1he irst is bv chewing it in the mouth. and this is the most
harmul and detestable. Its analgesic eects are strong: its
poisonous substances are quicklv absorbed through the intes-
tines and hae a heav eect on the nerous svstem.
2, 1he second is bv inhaling it along with other stimulants.
Because it comprises o arious poisonous substances. it is
harmul as well.
3, 1he third is bv burning and smoking it. the most common
o which is a cigarette. though it is also smoked through pipes
and water pipes. In all o these methods. the smoke reaches
the mouth in a state o high temperature.
Phvsicians hae airmed that it causes tremendous harm. Its con-
stituents irst settle in the bodv. and then its harm graduallv be-
comes apparent oer time. 1hev hae mentioned that the smoke
that rises rom the leaes o the tobacco contains numerous toxic
sub stances. such as nicotine. \hen it enters the mouth and the
lungs. it has both a general and a localized eect: when it enters
the mouth. the poisonous substances ound in it irritate the mu-
cous membrane. causing an increased amount o salia to be se-
21
creted. 1he chemical composition o the salia is changed in that
its digestie properties are decreased. Similarlv. it also aects the
secretions o the stomach. causing digestie problems. \hen the
smoke reaches the lungs bv wav o the larvnx. the poisonous sub-
stances increase its secretions. possiblv leading to chronic in-
lammation. 1he larvnx is irritated resulting in cough. bv which it
tries to dislodge the large amount o accumulated secretions.
commonlv known as phlegm. Smoking also causes disruption o
the pulmonarv arteries and other incurable diseases o the chest.
1races o the smoke tar, are deposited on the inside o the tra-
chea and the heart. putting pressure on its openings and decreas-
ing the inlow o oxvgen. thus resulting in shortness o breath.
(igarettes also causes dizziness. ertigo. headache and omiting
in those who are not used to it and those who smoke or the irst
time. It also causes lacciditv o the muscles and drowsiness.
which are tantamount to sedation. an inherent propertv o to-
bacco bv consensus. \hosoeer becomes habituated to it is a-
licted with manv adersities. like adulteration o taste. digestie
conditions. and loss o appetite. all o which are clear and obi-
ous results.
Lxcessie smoking unquestionablv leads to death. whether oer a
period o time or instantaneouslv. 1his actuallv occurred in a
situation when two brothers placed a bet as to who could smoke
more. One o them died beore the seenteenth cigarette. while
the other died beore he completed the eighteenth!
Smoking also causes damage to the red blood cells. intererence
in the regularitv o the heartbeat. loss o appetite. and de-
escalation o the general italitv o the nerous svstem. which is
quite apparent rom the analgesia and ertigo that ensues ater its
consummation bv one not habituated to it.
Proessor Mustaa lamaami once narrated an incident that took
place:
22
One dav I was walking with a student. when we came across
someone selling cigarettes. 1he student bought two rom him.
le lit one o them. and made a solemn oath that I would trv
the other. So I smoked the cigarette: I drew in its smoke and
exhaled rom mv mouth. without ullv inhaling it. le took note
o it and said. Inhale what vou draw in. or that is what mv
oath was.` I did not stop mvsel and did what he said. I took
one breath. and bv Allah. I did not increase more than that
when eervthing started spinning around me like a spinning
mill! I immediatelv sat on the ground. and I thought that this
would be the end. I had now started to think bad thoughts
about mv companion. \ith great diicultv. I arried at mv
residence. I arried bv car. and he was there helping me. Ater
that. I staved at home until about the end o the next dav. until
I did not eel the wav I elt beore. I told this incident to manv
people. exposing what was hidden rom me regarding ciga-
rettes. 1hev inormed me that cigarettes hae this eect on
eervone not used to it. I said. I one breath did all this to me.
then what about those who are used to it. while not a dav
passes and he smokes. especiallv those that do it excessielv!`
Smoking also causes a psvchological disorder known as with-
drawal. in which an addicted person. i he tries to orsake it. is not
able to unction properlv and cannot een perorm his dav-to-dav
aairs until he smokes. and when he does smoke. his condition
returns to normal.
Manv leading scholars and phvsicians hae mentioned that sound
intellect. let alone the religion. calls to the obligation o presering
health and preenting diseases that lead to death bv abstaining
rom smoking. 1his is een more particular to those weak in
bodv. the elderlv who do not hae the power to resist diseases.
and those who hae a disposition to phlegm related disorders.
And or this reason. manv people trv to leae it. earing its harm-
ul eects and its detestable odor. 1hev een sav that thev will
23
diorce their spouses i thev return to it. intending bv that to i-
nallv gie it up. but when their need or it oercomes them. thev
are not able to abstain. 1hev take to it again. een i it entails di-
orcing their spouses. or it takes ull control o the one addicted
to it and aects his mind bv calming him in times o rustration
and anger.
And Allah knows best.
And mav the Peace and Blessings o Allah be upon lis slae and
messenger Muhammad. and upon all his amilv and companions.
Muhammad bin Ibraaheem bin Abdul-Latee Aal-ish-Sheikh
461383 Al
24
1he Ruling concerning
Smoking
(igarettes
Sheikh Abdur-Rahmaan bin Naasir as-
Sa`di
Mav Allah hae mercv on him,
\ith an introduction bv
Abdur-Razaaq al-Aeei
Mav Allah hae mercv on him,
25

Introduction
All praises are due to Allah. the Lord o the \orlds. and mav the
Peace and Blessings o Allah be upon our Prophet. Muhammad.
and upon his amilv and companions.
Verilv the scholars in our time are manv. but ew are those who
seek to extract rulings rom its source and base them upon its
oundation. ollow their speech with action. and intentlv search
or the truth in all that appears and rises rom the horizon. And
rom this erv ew was Abdur-Rahmaan bin Naasir bin Sa`di. mav
Allah hae mercv upon him. or indeed i anvone were to pursue
his works. interact with him and examine his liestvle in the davs
he was alie. he would know his perseerance in the serice o
knowledge. whether it be in research or commentarv. le would
ind him excellent in character. upright in his aairs. and just and
air to his colleagues and students. pursuing harmonv in anv eil
that might transpire and lead to contention and diision. mav Al-
lah hae much mercv on him.
And rom those works is this concise but comprehensie letter
which he wrote in response to a question asked bv the respected
brother. Ali al-lamd as-Saalihi in regards to the ruling regarding
smoking cigarettes. In spite o its breitv. it has clearlv achieed
its goal. openlv proessing the truth. Bv it. the criterion has been
established upon the obstinate and those who ollow their desires
rather than Guidance rom Allah. as he emploved the generalitv
o the texts rom the Our`an and the Sunnah as a basis to gie
26
eidence to the prohibition o smoking cigarettes. as well as the
detriment caused to one`s inancial condition. bodv. and the soci-
etv as a whole.
And it is not or anvone to be obstinate bv demanding to men-
tion speciic eidences prohibiting smoking. not being content in
the generalitv o the texts. except i he be shortsighted. weak in
intellect. and ignorant o the sources o the religion and how to
understand and beneit rom them. Indeed the eidences in the
religion. as thev appear as speciic rulings. oten appear as general
rulings that embodv the speciic ones. 1he likes o these doubts
and misconceptions do not cross the path o those who trulv seek
and research the truth. One would onlv use this tvpe o reasoning
i its addiction has taken possession o his soul and oercome
him. in that he becomes its prisoner. Shavtaan seduces him. beau-
tiving or him the khabaa`ith. reering it: he takes Shavtaan as an
Imaam. leading the person`s heart astrav bv the whispers and
doubts that he casts into it.
It has become eident that smoking cigarettes contains much
danger and much harm. and scholars o medicine hae conirmed
this act. I will mention some o what thev hae said. not. though.
to seek to establish its prohibition through it. or the one content
in the religion is the one whom Allah has suiced with lis Book
and the Prophet`s , Sunnah. or thev are the clearest and
straightest o paths and in them is the conincing argument or
those who Allah has granted straightness and who are upon lis
Guidance. I onlv mention it or those who blindlv ollow whom
thev deem people o knowledge. ciilization. and taste. seeking to
clariv that the ones whom thev emulate hae themseles ac-
knowledged its harm and repudiate it.
2
1he ollowing are some excerpts taken rom Kitaab-ul-Bavaan. bv
Sheikh Ibraaheem Abdul-Baaqi. mav Allah hae mercv on him.
1he Doctor stated in Adaab al-Muhallaa. p.122:
1obacco and Smoking
bv \estern lealth inestigatie oicer Ismaaeel Rushdie:
It is a plant the Arabs named. at-1abaaq tobacco,. Bv chemical
analvsis. it is shown to contain a poisonous substance o which
i two drops were to be administered to a dog`s mouth. it
would immediatelv die. and ie drops are suicient to kill a
camel. Saage people in the past were accustomed to chewing
it. 1his is the most harmul method o utilization. or it enters
the stomach through the salia. In spite o the wide arrav o
harm it causes. its consumption has become prealent amongst
manv nations.
Phvsicians hae established that tobacco aects the heart bv
causing palpitation. the lungs bv causing cough. the stomach bv
causing a loss o appetite. the eves bv causing conjunctiitis.
and the nerous svstem bv sedating it.
Doctor Damardaash Ahmad stated the ollowing:
, | . | J - , =, | - , ,
| . - | -
And I do not find in the faults of people a fault,
Like the shortcomings found in the competent of
perfection.
I do not beliee that the human race. since the time o its crea-
tion. has weakened and humiliated itsel in ront o its enemv
28
as much thev hae in ront o smoking cigarettes. as this habit
has captiated. ettered and humiliated its pride. It has taken
control o all tvpes o people. rom the most menial o laborers
who depredate their own and their amilv`s nourishment. to the
leading phvsicians. philosophers. and intellectuals who hae
annulled their ingeniousness with which thev reealed distant
horizons in an arrav o arts and sciences.
1he prealent opinion was that smoking in moderation caused
little or no harm to the healthv person. but ongoing research
has established that in act the harm caused bv smoking is
something that could neer hae been imagined.
1he realities o what this research has established the ollow-
ing. Proessor Diamond Palmer undertook a studv o twentv
thousand cases. amongst them were those who smoke exces-
sielv. moderatelv. and those that abstain rom smoking alto-
gether. le created a proile at John lopkins Uniersitv stating
in it eervthing related to their health. disease and liestvles. le
started the research in the vear 1919 (L and completed it in
the vear 1940 (L with the ollowing conclusion:
Smoking cigarettes clearlv shortens the liespan o a person in
relation to the amount consumed: those who rerain lie longer
than those who are moderate smokers. and those who smoke
moderatelv lie longer than those do so excessielv.
I ask Allah , that le guide us to the straight path. and that le
grant us the guidance to accept adice. and that le keep us awav
rom all which contains danger and harm. \e ask that le hae
mercv upon the author. cause beneit bv his work. and cause us
to meet in the most honorable abode.
And mav the Peace and Blessings o Allah be upon our Prophet
Muhammad. and upon al his amilv and companions.
Abdur-Razzaaq al-Aeei
29
1he Ruling
(oncerning (igarettes
1his ollowing is a letter rom his excellencv. the Sheikh. Abdur-
Rahmaan an-Naasir as-Sa`di. mav Allah hae mercv upon him.
which he wrote in replv to a question which I inquired due to a
discussion that took place between me and another Muslim re-
garding the ruling concerning smoking. And as it was that this
treatise was not to be ound with anv other person. I thought it
necessarv that I bring to it light. earing the disgrace and sin asso-
ciated with concealing knowledge. as well as hoping rom Allah
that he causes me. the author and the rest o the Muslims to
beneit bv it.
1he ollowing is the text o the question and answer as written bv
the transcriber. mav Allah hae mercv on him.
30

lrom: \our son. Ali bin lamd as-Saalihi

1o: lis Lxcellencv. the noble Sheikh. Abdur-
Rahmaan an-Naasir as-Sa`di.
As-Salamu alavkum wa Rahmatullah wa Barakaatuhu:
I ask that vou bring us beneit bv explaining in a clear ashion the
ruling concerning smoking cigarettes and its commerce. is it
haraam or makrooh
29
Please proide us with a erdict.
1he Answer:
And with Allah is 1aweeq: we ask that le guide us and our
brother Muslims.
Smoking cigarettes. its trades and collaboration in it in anv means
is strictlv prohibited. It is not permissible or a Muslim to en-
deaor in it. whether bv smoking it or in its commerce. and it is
obligatorv upon the person who does to turn to Allah in sincere
repentance. as it is obligatorv to repent rom all other sins. 1his is
due to the act that it is inclusie o the general texts that prohibit
it. through its general diction and meaning. 1his prohibition is bv
account o the harm it causes to one`s religion. well-being. and
29
Makrooh , - , `, . : As established in Usool-ul-liqh undamentals o
jurisprudence,. is that deed which is rewarded i let. with no punishment i
done.
31
inancial condition. and anv one o these reasons is enough to
account or its prohibition.
As or the harm it causes to one`s religion and the textual ei-
dences regarding its prohibition. thev can be approached rom
dierent respects.
lrom the eidences is lis , saving.
- , .,- ..,- -`, =
And He prohibits them al-khabaa`ith.
|Surah al-A`raa,:15|
And lis , saving.
- -.| _ .=| , v, =
And do not cast yourselves into destruction with your
own hands.
|Surah al-Baqarah2,:195|
And lis , saving.
- = . ..| , v, ,- . . =
And do not kill yourselves, verily Allah is to you Lver-
Merciful.
|Surah an-Nisaa4,:29|
1hrough these aorementioned erses and others similar in mean-
ing. Allah prohibited all things that are khabeeth and cause detri-
ment. and khubth and detriment are determined rom the eect
and harm that ensues rom them. (igarettes hae manv aderse
eects that all people are well aware o. especiallv those who in-
32
dulge in it. but their will power is decrepit: though thev realize its
harm. their desires take the better o them. Scholars hae stated
that all ood and drink that is harmul is in act prohibited.
lrom the harm that it causes to one`s religion is that it becomes
diicult or the serant to perorm acts o worship and ulill
what he is ordered. especiallv in regards to the ast. and whateer
causes aersion o good deeds is in itsel eil. Smoking also en-
courages one to associate with the ile rather than the righteous.
1his is one o its greatest detriments. or it results in enmitv and
hatred o the righteous and dissuasion rom ollowing their wav
o lie. And this is especiallv the case with children and voung
adults. or when thev are alicted with this trial. thev immediatelv
spiral into an uglv state o aairs. (igarettes urther the destruc-
tion o their character. and it becomes a door that leads to great
eil.
As or the detriment it causes the bodv. it is quite substantial. or
it diuses through the eins and makes its wav to the whole
bodv. It weakens the evesight. it weakens the bodv`s italitv. and
preents the bodv to properlv beneit rom nutrition. \heneer
these two characteristics are ound simultaneouslv. it intensiies
the seeritv o its danger.
lrom its harmul eects is that it weakens the heart. intereres in
the proper unction o the nerous svstem. and causes loss o ap-
petite. It also causes seere cough that mav een lead to loss o
breath and suocation. and how manv ictims has it appropriated
and led to destruction!
Oualiied phvsicians hae resoled that smoking is the greatest
cause o chest related diseases. like tuberculosis and its counter-
parts. It also has an obsered eect o causing cancer. which is
rom the most seere and painul o diseases.
It is so erv strange that we see that intelligent people who are
intent in presering their health persist in smoking. when all these
multitude o eects hae been obsered. And how manv harm-
33
less ailments hae deteriorated on its account and become dii-
cult or phvsicians to cure. And how manv people hae quicklv
degenerated rom a state o strength and health!
And what is also erv strange is that manv people ollow the ad-
ice o phvsicians in matters much less seere than this. low can
thev take this dangerous matter so lightlv! 1his is certainlv due to
them submitting to their desires which take control o their reso-
lution. weakness in their determination to strengthen it. and gi-
ing precedence to their liestvle. een ater knowing its manv
harms.
And it is not strange to see that manv phvsicians also smoke.
while thev admit with their own statements their condition and its
detriment to their health. or their addiction takes control oer
their intellect and determination: een though thev perceie well
its harm. thev are still persistent in it.
\e hae merelv hinted at some o the harmul eects associated
with smoking. along with the act that it causes black staining o
the mouth. lips and tongue. and causes rapid decav and rotting o
the teeth.
It also causes an arrav o inlammatorv diseases. and i one were
to research its harm. he would ind much more than what we
hae mentioned.
As or the detriment it causes to one`s inancial condition. it has
been authen ticallv reported o the Prophet .,
1hat he prohibited the squandering of money.
And what could possiblv be more wasteul than burning it in
these cigarettes that. neither nourish nor avail against hun-
ger,
30
and contain no beneit in anv respect. 1hose preoccupied
30
In allusion to Surah al-Ghaashivah 88,:.
34
in smoking bear much pain in spending large amounts o monev
on it. up to the point that thev might een stop spending in that
which is obligatorv upon them. 1his is indeed a great misguidance
and causes much harm. Spending monev in that which has no
beneit is prohibited. so how as or spending on that whose det-
riment is realized
Due to the act that these cigarettes bring harm to one`s religion.
bodv. and inancial condition. its commerce is also haraam. and it
is something utile. not proitable. Manv people hae witnessed
that those who were inoled in its commerce. een i thev pro-
ited when thev irst started their business. thev were alicted bv
loss o wealth in the end. And erilv the people o Najd. and all
praise is due to Allah. all o its scholars are in agreement concern-
ing its prohibition. and the lav people are enjoined to ollow the
scholars. It is not allowed or them to ollow their desire. twist
meanings or gie reason that there are scholars rom other lands
that state its permissibilitv and not its prohibition. 1his tvpe o
reasoning is not allowed bv the ijmaa'
31
o the scholars. or the
lav people must ollow their scholars: thev are not independent o
them. It is not allowed or them to disregard the statements o
their scholars. and this is what is incumbent upon them. as Allah
, savs in the Our`an.
- .,- v . . ,=| | ,||= =
1hen ask the people of the Reminder (the scholars) if
you do not know.
|Surah al-Anbivaa 21,:|
31
Ijmaa' , - `- . : 1he consensus o the scholars. which is considered a
legislatie proo bv the saving o the Prophet ,. My nation (ummah) will
never come together upon misguidance.
35
And there is no equal to this corrupt reasoning which is promi-
nent on the tongues o some lav people out o their ollowing o
their desires and not truth and guidance. except i thev were to
sav. 1here are some scholars in the other lands that do not state
the obligation o itminaan
32
in the praver. so do not object to us
i we ollow them.` or. 1here are some who state the permissi-
bilitv o usurv. so it is our choice whether we are to ollow them
or not.` or. 1here are those who do not state the prohibition o
eating birds which hae talons. so it is our choice whether we are
to ollow them.` I this door is opened. much eil would be made
accessible to people. and it would be a cause o the disintegration
o the religion. Lervone knows that ollowing statements such as
these are in direct conlict with what is well established in the re-
ligion and with the statements o the scholars. and that thev are
rom those things which are impermissible.
1he correct means o assessment is through the undamentals
and principles o the religion. and thev conirm the impermissi-
bilitv o cigarettes. 1his is due to the manv dierent harmul e-
ects which result. Anvthing that induces harm upon a serant.
whether in his religion. bodv. or inancial condition. and has no
realized beneit is prohibited. low much more is the case i there
were countless harms all ound in one entitv Isn`t it then deser-
ing. religiouslv. intellectuallv. and medicallv. that it be let and
cautioned against. and that adice should be gien to those who
accept it
It is incumbent upon those who are sincere to themseles and
gie their bodv worth and alue. that thev turn to Allah in or-
gieness. and that thev make a irm resolution without hesitation
coupled with seeking help rom Allah. or whoeer does that. Al-
32
Itminaan , | . . : 1he state o being at ease in each o the pillars o the
praver. so as to allow the bones to settle in their original position beore
continuing on to the next pillar.
36
lah will help them and make it easv or them to accomplish what
thev desire.
\hat acilitates this is in knowing that whoeer leaes something
or Allah. le replaces it with something better. Also. as the re-
ward o acts o obedience that are diicult to perorm is much
greater than those in which there is no hardship. the same applies
or abandoning sins which are diicult to leae. So whoeer is
granted the Guidance and the lelp o Allah. then he will ind
that he will onlv ace diicultv in the beginning stages. but then it
is graduallv alleiated. until Allah completes lis aor upon lis
serant and he rejoices at the laor o Allah and lis Protection
and lelp. le becomes sincere to his brothers as he was sincere
to himsel. and 1aweeq Success rom Allah, is in the land o
Allah. And whoeer knows Allah rom his heart and sincerelv
seeks that which is with lim bv doing what he has ordered and
leaing what he is prohibited. Allah will make the path to Jannah
Paradise, and all other good easv or him. and le will distance
him rom the lellire. So we ask Allah that he lead us to the
good. and that le protect us rom eil. erilv le is Most Gener-
ous. Loing and Merciul.
Abdur-Rahmaan bin Naasir as-Sa`di
Rabi`-ul-Awwal. 136Al
1ranscribed bv: Ali al-lamd as-Saalihi.
3
1he Approbation o
Abdul-Latee bin Ibraaheem Aal-ish-Sheikh
Director o Institutes and laculties,
All Praises are due to Allah. the Lord o the \orlds. and mav the
Peace and Blessings o Allah be on the noblest o prophets and
messengers. our Prophet Muhammad. and upon all his amilv.
companions. and those who ollowed them in their wav.
I hae reiewed what al-Allaamah ash-Sheikh Abdur-Rahmaan
bin Naasir as-Sa`di has written in response to the questioner who
inquired about the ruling concerning smoking cigarettes and its
commerce. I ound that he responded in a correct and beneicial
manner. and that he elucidated the response in a clear and appar-
ent stvle with authentic eidences rom the Mightv Our`an. the
Prophetic Sunnah. and rom the savings o the scholars which
enlighten the heart. exposing the harm it causes to one`s phvsical
and spiritual lie as well as what is associated with it rom squan-
dering monev and loss o respect amongst people. And he also
clariied the prohibition o its consumption and commerce. and
that it is established bv the consensus o the scholars. Mav Allah
reward. orgie. and hae mercv on him.
Orated bv: Abdul-Latee bin Ibraaheem Aal-ish-Sheikh.
And mav the Peace and Blessings o Allah be upon Muhammad.
38
1he Approbation
o Sheikh Abdul-Muhavmin Abu Samh
Imaam Al-Masjid al- laraam,
Bismillah ar-Rahmaan ar-Raheem. and mav the Peace and Bless-
ings o Allah be upon our leader Muhammad. who said:
I have not left anything that draws one near to Allah ex-
cept that I have clarified and ordered it, and I have not
left anything that distances one from Allah except that I
have clarified it and prohibited it, so whatever I have or-
dered you, do as much as you are able, and whatever I
have prohibited, cease in it.
.or its like.
I hae heard the response o Sheikh Abdur-Rahmaan bin as-Sa`di.
mav Allah hae mercv upon him and orgie him. in the ruling
regarding smoking cigarettes. 1he truth is that it is a concise but
beneicial response. and i a person wished to speak in its regard
in more length than the Sheikh. mav Allah hae mercv upon him.
he would ind much to speak about and manv eidences which
pertain to it. like his , saving:
1he children of Adam will not proceed on the Day of
Resurrection until they are held accountable for their
youth and strength and in what it was utilized, their time
and how they consumed it, their wealth and how they
spent it and from where they acquired it.
.or as Allah said.
39
- , , , , ,,= ;,.| . v = . ,,. v =
And eat and drink, but do not be excessive, verily Al-
lah dislikes the excessive.
|Surah al-A`raa ,:31|
1his erse is in regards to the permissible in which there is no
doubt. so how would it be or that which the textual and intellec-
tual eidences strengthen each other in implving its prohibition.
along with what it constitutes rom bad odor. loss o appetite.
sterilitv. deterioration o health. and manv other things o its
like!!!
Orated bv: Abdul-Muhavmin Abu Samh. Imaam o Masjid al-
laraam.
40
1he Ruling concerning
Smoking
(igarettes
and the Imaamah o the one who lagrantlv smokes
Sheikh Abdullah bin Abdul-Azeez bin
Baaz
Mav Allah hae mercv on him,
41

All Praise is due to Allah. alone. and mav the Peace and Blessings
o Allah be upon lis Messenger and upon all his amilv and
companions.
I was asked bv some brothers about the ruling concerning smok-
ing cigarettes and the aliditv o the Imaamah
33
o the one who
does so publiclv. while mentioning that this eil has become
prealent and has alicted manv people.
So the answer is as ollows:
1he eidences o the religion establish that the smoking o ciga-
rettes is prohibited. and that is due to both its khubth and the
great harm it possesses. or Allah , has not sanctioned anv-
thing rom ood and drink except which is good and beneicial.
And as or those things which cause detriment to one`s religion
or their worldlv lie. or which change their normal state o mind.
Allah. Lxalted be le. has disallowed it. Allah , is more merci-
ul to lis serants than their own seles. le is the All-\ise and
All-Knowing in lis speech. actions. legislation. and ordainments.
and le does not prohibit anvthing in ain. le does not create
anvthing in alsehood. nor does le order lis serants with
something in which there is no beneit. or le. Lxalted be le. is
the \isest o Judges and the Most Merciul. le the All-Knowing
about what is proper or lis serants and what beneits them in
this lie and the next. as le , said.
33
See ootnote 42.
42
- `.,- `.,- c . =
Indeed your Lord is Wise and Knowledgeable.
|Surah al-Anaam6 ,:128|
And le , said.
- ,- ,- . = . =
Indeed Allah is Wise and Knowledgeable.
|Surah an-Nisaa 4,:11|
And there are numerous other erses that suggest the same
meaning.
And rom the Our`anic eidences regarding the prohibition o
smoking cigarettes is lis , saving in lis Noble Book in Surah
al-Maa`idah.
- =,`,=| .| -| | ..| -| .- c,||. =
1hey ask you what has been allowed for them. Say:
at-tayyibaat (all things pure and good) have been al-
lowed for you.
|Surah al-Maa`idah 5,:4|
And he said in Surah al-A`raa describing our Prophet Muham-
mad ,.
- , =,,-| .,-| , ,| - .. =,`,=| ..|
, .,| ..,- -`, =
43
He commands them with al-ma'roof (all things or-
dained by Islam) and prohibits them al-munkar (all
things prohibited by Islam), and he allows for them at-
tayyibaat (all things good and pure) and he prohibits
them al-khabaa`ith.
|Surah al-A`raa,:15|
Allah , clariied in these two noble erses that le , has not
permitted anvthing or lis serants except those things good and
pure. which are the beneicial ood and drink. And as or the
ood and drink which cause harm. like those that intoxicate. nar-
cotize. or anv other ood or drink harmul to one`s religion. bodv.
or mind. thev are rom the prohibited khabaa`ith. Phvsicians and
others who hae knowledge in this subject are in agreement that
cigarettes are extremelv harmul to health. 1hev hae also men-
tioned that it is a cause o a wide arrav o diseases. amongst them
cancer. and cardiac arrest. And i this is trulv the case. then there
should be no doubt in the prohibition o anvthing that has similar
consequences. and it becomes an obligation to caution against it.
1he intelligent should not be deceied bv the scores o people
who smoke. or erilv Allah , said in lis (lear Book.
,- .,-, . = ,,= - =,= v J - ,| -= .
, =| v .,=, v . . =
And if you follow most of those on earth, they will
mislead you far away from Allah's Path. 1hey follow
nothing but conjectures, and they do nothing but lie.
|Surah al-Anaam 6,:116|
And le , said.
44
- ,| .,-. .,| .| .. -| --v v . . .,-
:,,= =| . =
Or do you think that most of them hear or under-
stand? 1hey are only like cattle, nay, they are even far-
ther astray from the path.
|Surah al-lurqaan 25,:44|
As or the aliditv o the imaamah o someone who smokes ciga-
rettes. or or that matter anvone else amongst the disobedient. it
is not beitting that their likes be taken as an Imaam. Rather. it is
legislated that one choose rom the righteous amongst the Mus-
lims who are known or their uprightness and piousness. or the
matter concerning the imaamah is indeed a great one. And or
this reason the Messenger o Allah , said:
Let the one to lead the people be the one who has
memorized most the Book of Allah, and if they are equal
in recitation, then the most knowledgeable of the Sun-
nah, and if they are equal in the knowledge of the Sun-
nah, then the one who preceded in hijrah

, and if they
were in equal in hijrah, then the first of them in accepting
Islam. |Muslim|
And in the Saheehavn. on the authoritv o the Prophet , that
he said to Malik bin luwavrith and his companions:
34
Hijrah , , . : Lmigration rom a land o kur to the land o Islaam.
45
When the time for prayer arrives, let one of you call the
adhaan

, and let the eldest amongst you lead in

prayer.
But the scholars. mav Allah hae mercv on them. hae diered:
Is the imaamah and the praver o the congregation actuallv alid
Some hae stated that the praver perormed behind him is not
alid. due to the weakness o his religion and the shortcoming in
his Lemaan
36
. while others hae stated that it is. giing reason
that i the praver is alid in regards to his own sel. it necessitates
that it also be alid or those ollowing him. Also. manv compan-
ions praved behind goernors and rulers which were known or
their oppression and sinulness. as Ibn Umar , praved behind
al-lajjaaj who was known to be rom the most oppressie o
people. And this is the correct opinion. that the imaamah o the
one who smokes and also the praver o those ollowing him are
both alid. But it should be known that it is not beitting that his
likes be taken as an Imaam. while there are others rom the right-
eous people that can be chosen instead.
And this replv is indeed concise. as we onlv intended to mention
the principle ruling concerning these two matters and to clariv
some o the eidences in its regard. Scholars hae clariied the
ruling concerning these two matters beorehand. and whoeer
wants elucidation in this sub ject. thev can surelv ind it.
\e ask Allah that le rectiies the aairs o the Muslims and
guide them all to be upright in their religion and be warv rom
what opposes it. Verilv le is the Most Generous.
35
Adhaan , | . . . : 1he call to praver.
36
Leman
,
.
.
: A term consisting o three parts: 1,1rue belie and
conirmation o the heart. 2, Speech o the tongue. and 3, Action o the limbs.
46
And mav lis peace and Blessings be upon our Prophet Muham-
mad. and upon his amilv and companions.
Sheikh Abdul-Azeez bin Abdullah bin Baaz
1he president o the (ouncil o Leading Scholars