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I BehavioralGenetics I Replicatedlindings
Population{ased \Mthin populationsthat are primarilywhite,
I Hentfi sourcesof individualvariationwithin a !! northemEuropeanancestryin Europeand
populationwith a givendistribution
of genesand '.:i-r
:ii:"r environments.Calolatlonof a (heritability),
c the U.S.,there is evidencefor heritabilityof
I (sharedenvircnment), 6 (nonshared envimnment) r lQ, majorpsycfiopathology(schizophrenia
r basedonconerations. r and manicdepression),and a rangeof
ldentirysourcesof meanchangein a population, personalitycharacteristics.Basedprimarily
I usuallyovertime (e.9.Flynn,studiesof cohortand
r age) E on twin studiesand early adoptionstudiesof
MEANSANDCORRELATIONS AREINDEPENDENT within-population variability.
OF ONEANOTHER
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t Fr Aiioptianstudies- recentstr.rdies
- Adoptionstudies I leviervedin reading
Eady studias mostly about lQ:
adopted at birth, U.S. parenls.
I Childrs
Msasured lQ of biologi€l mother, adop,tive psrents and child-
E- - Mostlyintemationaladoptionsftom countries
- €iimildty (ffilalion) wilh bio rdher gEter tian eimil€rity -.!. wherechildrenseverelydeprivedin infancy.
:':r:it (@relation) with .doptive paronts- BUT
- Meil @6
- lssue:Gsilienceratherthanindividualvariability.
of sdopled cfiibH d@r lo ti6e of ad@tiv6
I pamts lhan to tho$ of tio pamts, €spo€iafly whs bb pasrls
bald 10O-
I NotstudyingindivktualgEneticcharacteristics,
influence.
overallissueof environmental
but
Measured lQ of adoptive parents, adoptEd cfiild, biologi€l child. . Assume ad@led d{lden corE fiom sam€ g€retic
-Corel8lids d tio cfiiH with bio Ecnts > @mlsiim of adoptld
il chiH with sre emis.
-BUT mearuGd tryiMment
lQs.
al3o @relatad with adgpled cfiiHEn's
E
q
distribution as lhose'l€fi b€hind.'
- Assum€ adodive wimrerts
th€triginal eNimmmt.
significandy b€tts thm

. Comparing to all cttilden in ntr ffvirontnent" not tho$

r F
inchild'sadoptiwfarnily'

I
b
t Issuesin belravioralgerretics E
r - twirr stuclies I Current Issues
researoh
Assumptions:
Meaning of lQ
F
MZ and DZ twins have equally similar envirorments (Suzanne)
Not arguing lhsir environmenls are identical, but equally
a - lmmutable,unobservable?(lGryn)
similar. QGditr this (Aison). - Can it be free of cutfure,envionment?
Any difforEnce b€twe€n MZ twins must b€ d€ to envirmrent ..
(shared and nonshared). Brendg€n anide.
Contributions of g and e may vary by domain
r
I Twins and singletons have th6 sam€ relative onfibutim of g
aqd e. That is, thtre is nothing specific ebqn b€ing twiru th€t
I of development (fomo)
affBcis the balance.
- lQ vs acfiievement
I
t
Being adopted does not alt€rth€relativscontribution ofg and e,
th€t is, thore is nolhing inh€rentabout b€ing adopted thal afieds
llE balare. Aclootgd childran have lhe sre shered
F * Differentcognitivedomains(Canie)
€flvimment as siblings in th6ir adoptive families. - Socialvs. physicalaggression
- Corporalpunishmentvs. maltreatment
x F
 a2,
Ecological
framework andsocialissues
Methodologieal
- Timeimportant , : Problemof confounding
acrossfour
- Possible
oidcalpedods
br partioilar typesofgxe.
genee(Lauren)
environments, - E.g. motherc' responsesto cfiiH may be
-Cumulativeeffectsale mostimportant funciion of g+ conelation, etc. (Ashley)
(JodD - ls modification
of gene afitture
.. Cultureas factor moderatingrclationssf therapeutictreatrnent(Nina)
g and e (Ghris)